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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="tGghLTxVd7AHgiI74JIQ0Jva8ulyZGQTcRr6634e4OHjB5mU1vKypGklsr9kkXYTW50bMHqp494o5AL+e6O8uw==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2007/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Neurophysiology" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Romesh Kumbhani" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/121918795/Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamocortical_Neurons" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="High-order statistics of neural responses allow one to gain insight into neural function that may not be evident from firing rate alone. 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In this study, we compared the precision, reliability, and information content of spike trains from X- and" /> <title>(PDF) Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons | Romesh Kumbhani - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/121918795/Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamocortical_Neurons" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '92477ec68c09d28ae4730a4143c926f074776319'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732822361000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732822361000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"High-order statistics of neural responses allow one to gain insight into neural function that may not be evident from firing rate alone. In this study, we compared the precision, reliability, and information content of spike trains from X- and Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and layer IV simple cells of area 17 in the cat. To a stochastic, contrast-modulated Gabor patch, layer IV simple cells responded as precisely as their primary inputs, LGN X-cells, but less reliably. LGN Y-cells were more precise and reliable than LGN X-cells. Also, within each LGN cell type, 1) responses to the same stimulus were nearly identical if they shared the same center sign and 2) responses of neurons with the same center sign were nearly identical to the responses of neurons of opposite center sign if the stimulus\u0026amp;amp;#39; contrasts were inverted. These results suggest simple cells receive highly precise and synchronous LGN input, resulting in precise responses. Nonetheless, the response pr...","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Romesh Kumbhani"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-07-09","dateModified":"2024-07-09","datePublished":"2007-01-01","headline":"Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Neuroscience","Computer Science","Neurophysiology","Medicine","Cats","Visual Cortex","Animals","Male","Reaction Time","Neurons","Lateral Geniculate Nucleus","Time Factors","Simple Cell","Reproducibility of Results","Sensitivity and Specificity","Action Potentials","photic stimulation","Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","Medical and Health Sciences","Visual Pathways"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Journal of Neurophysiology","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"American Physiological 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window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":121918795,"created_at":"2024-07-09T18:25:53.761-07:00","from_world_paper_id":257110859,"updated_at":"2024-07-09T18:49:01.858-07:00","_data":{"abstract":"High-order statistics of neural responses allow one to gain insight into neural function that may not be evident from firing rate alone. In this study, we compared the precision, reliability, and information content of spike trains from X- and Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and layer IV simple cells of area 17 in the cat. To a stochastic, contrast-modulated Gabor patch, layer IV simple cells responded as precisely as their primary inputs, LGN X-cells, but less reliably. LGN Y-cells were more precise and reliable than LGN X-cells. Also, within each LGN cell type, 1) responses to the same stimulus were nearly identical if they shared the same center sign and 2) responses of neurons with the same center sign were nearly identical to the responses of neurons of opposite center sign if the stimulus\u0026#39; contrasts were inverted. These results suggest simple cells receive highly precise and synchronous LGN input, resulting in precise responses. Nonetheless, the response pr...","publisher":"American Physiological Society","publication_date":"2007,,","publication_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [314580358]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":116688052,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/116688052/mini_magick20240801-1-mgqtmv.png?1722542888" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Precision, Reliability, and Information-Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamocortical Neurons</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="314580358" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RomeshKumbhani"><img alt="Profile image of Romesh Kumbhani" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/314580358/157757291/147397803/s65_romesh.kumbhani.jpeg" />Romesh Kumbhani</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2007, Journal of Neurophysiology</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">High-order statistics of neural responses allow one to gain insight into neural function that may not be evident from firing rate alone. In this study, we compared the precision, reliability, and information content of spike trains from X- and Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and layer IV simple cells of area 17 in the cat. To a stochastic, contrast-modulated Gabor patch, layer IV simple cells responded as precisely as their primary inputs, LGN X-cells, but less reliably. LGN Y-cells were more precise and reliable than LGN X-cells. Also, within each LGN cell type, 1) responses to the same stimulus were nearly identical if they shared the same center sign and 2) responses of neurons with the same center sign were nearly identical to the responses of neurons of opposite center sign if the stimulus&#39; contrasts were inverted. These results suggest simple cells receive highly precise and synchronous LGN input, resulting in precise responses. Nonetheless, the response pr...</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":116688052,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/121918795/Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamocortical_Neurons"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":116688052,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/121918795/Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamocortical_Neurons"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="116688052" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/121918795/Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamocortical_Neurons" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="121918806" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121918806/Title_Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamic_And">Title: Precision, Reliability and Information Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamic And</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="314580358" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RomeshKumbhani">Romesh Kumbhani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">High-order statistics of neural responses allow one to gain insight into neural function that may not be evident from firing rate alone. In this study, we compare the precision, reliability, and information content of spike trains from Xand Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and layer IV simple cells of area 17 in the cat. Using a stochastic, contrast-modulated Gabor patch, we found that layer IV simple cells respond as precisely as their primary inputs, LGN X-cells, but less reliably. LGN Y-cells were more precise and reliable than LGN X-cells. Also, we found that within each LGN cell type, (1) responses to the same stimulus were nearly identical if they shared the same center sign; (2) responses of neurons with the same center sign were nearly identical to the responses of neurons of opposite center sign if the stimulus’ contrasts were inverted. These results suggest simple cells receive highly precise and synchronous LGN input, resulting in precise responses. Nonethe...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Title: Precision, Reliability and Information Theoretic Analysis of Visual Thalamic And","attachmentId":116688057,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121918806/Title_Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamic_And","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121918806/Title_Precision_Reliability_and_Information_Theoretic_Analysis_of_Visual_Thalamic_And"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="17887233" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17887233/Low_Response_Variability_in_Simultaneously_Recorded_Retinal_Thalamic_and_Cortical_Neurons">Low Response Variability in Simultaneously Recorded Retinal, Thalamic, and Cortical Neurons</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37797284" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PReinagel">P. Reinagel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neuron, 2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Low Response Variability in Simultaneously Recorded Retinal, Thalamic, and Cortical Neurons","attachmentId":39763192,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17887233/Low_Response_Variability_in_Simultaneously_Recorded_Retinal_Thalamic_and_Cortical_Neurons","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17887233/Low_Response_Variability_in_Simultaneously_Recorded_Retinal_Thalamic_and_Cortical_Neurons"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="21233842" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21233842/Coding_of_visual_information_by_precisely_correlated_spikes_in_the_lateral_geniculate_nucleus">Coding of visual information by precisely correlated spikes in the lateral geniculate nucleus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature neuroscience, 1998</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Correlated firing among neurons is widespread in the nervous system. Precisely correlated spiking, occurring on a millisecond time scale, has recently been observed among neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus with overlapping receptive fields. We have used an information-theoretic analysis to examine the role of these correlations in visual coding. Considerably more information can be extracted from two cells if temporal correlations between them are considered. The percentage increase in information depends on the degree of correlation; the average increase is approximately 20% for strongly correlated pairs. Thus, precise temporal correlation could be used as an additional information channel from thalamus to visual cortex.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Coding of visual information by precisely correlated spikes in the lateral geniculate nucleus","attachmentId":41907579,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21233842/Coding_of_visual_information_by_precisely_correlated_spikes_in_the_lateral_geniculate_nucleus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21233842/Coding_of_visual_information_by_precisely_correlated_spikes_in_the_lateral_geniculate_nucleus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="30561946" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30561946/Temporal_coding_of_visual_information_in_the_thalamus">Temporal coding of visual information in the thalamus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58038962" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/PamelaReinagel">Pamela Reinagel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Neuroscience, 2000</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The amount of information a sensory neuron carries about a stimulus is directly related to response reliability. We recorded from individual neurons in the cat lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) while presenting randomly modulated visual stimuli. The responses to repeated stimuli were ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporal coding of visual information in the thalamus","attachmentId":51003729,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30561946/Temporal_coding_of_visual_information_in_the_thalamus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30561946/Temporal_coding_of_visual_information_in_the_thalamus"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="12331742" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli">Modulation of temporal precision in thalamic population responses to natural visual stimuli</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Frontiers in Systems …, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Natural visual stimuli have highly structured spatial and temporal properties which influence the way visual information is encoded in the visual pathway. In response to natural scene stimuli, neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are temporally precise – on a time scale of 10–25 ms – both within single cells and across cells within a population. This time scale, established by non stimulus-driven elements of neuronal firing, is significantly shorter than that of natural scenes, yet is critical for the neural representation of the spatial and temporal structure of the scene. Here, a generalized linear model (GLM) that combines stimulus-driven elements with spike-history dependence associated with intrinsic cellular dynamics is shown to predict the fine timing precision of LGN responses to natural scene stimuli, the corresponding correlation structure across nearby neurons in the population, and the continuous modulation of spike timing precision and latency across neurons. A single model captured the experimentally observed neural response, across different levels of contrasts and different classes of visual stimuli, through interactions between the stimulus correlation structure and the nonlinearity in spike generation and spike history dependence. Given the sensitivity of the thalamocortical synapse to closely timed spikes and the importance of fine timing precision for the faithful representation of natural scenes, the modulation of thalamic population timing over these time scales is likely important for cortical representations of the dynamic natural visual environment.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Modulation of temporal precision in thalamic population responses to natural visual stimuli","attachmentId":46238613,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331742/Modulation_of_temporal_precision_in_thalamic_population_responses_to_natural_visual_stimuli"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="12331749" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331749/Visual_stimuli_modulate_precise_synchronous_firing_within_the_thalamus">Visual stimuli modulate precise synchronous firing within the thalamus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Thalamus and Related Systems, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Visual stimuli modulate precise synchronous firing within the thalamus","attachmentId":46238640,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12331749/Visual_stimuli_modulate_precise_synchronous_firing_within_the_thalamus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12331749/Visual_stimuli_modulate_precise_synchronous_firing_within_the_thalamus"><span 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data-author-id="32456875" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EdmundRolls">Edmund Rolls</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Visual Cognition, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Information encoding in short firing rate epochs by single neurons in the primate temporal visual cortex","attachmentId":45596607,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13200461/Information_encoding_in_short_firing_rate_epochs_by_single_neurons_in_the_primate_temporal_visual_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Spatio-temporal correlations and visual signalling in a complete neuronal population","attachmentId":43383990,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15266866/Spatio_temporal_correlations_and_visual_signalling_in_a_complete_neuronal_population","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15266866/Spatio_temporal_correlations_and_visual_signalling_in_a_complete_neuronal_population"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21233843/Rules_of_connectivity_between_geniculate_cells_and_simple_cells_in_cat_primary_visual_cortex">Rules of connectivity between geniculate cells and simple cells in cat primary visual cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="30993704" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JoseManuelAlonso2">Jose-Manuel Alonso</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2001</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rules of connectivity between geniculate cells and simple cells in cat primary visual 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16357475/Feed_forward_inhibition_in_the_visual_thalamus">Feed-forward inhibition in the visual thalamus</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="35481794" href="https://auth.academia.edu/EfstratiosKosmidis">Efstratios Kosmidis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Neurocomputing, 2002</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Feed-forward inhibition in the visual thalamus","attachmentId":42513095,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/16357475/Feed_forward_inhibition_in_the_visual_thalamus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 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class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11907" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlanSaul6">Alan Saul</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Development of response timing and direction selectivity in cat visual thalamus and cortex","attachmentId":93562,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/168548/Development_of_response_timing_and_direction_selectivity_in_cat_visual_thalamus_and_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/AaronCamp">Aaron Camp</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurophysiology, 2010</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Linear and Nonlinear Contributions to the Visual Sensitivity of Neurons in Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus","attachmentId":71385531,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/55578937/Linear_and_Nonlinear_Contributions_to_the_Visual_Sensitivity_of_Neurons_in_Primate_Lateral_Geniculate_Nucleus","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" 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Neuroscience, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Regulation of spike timing in visual cortical circuits","attachmentId":45232851,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13538724/Regulation_of_spike_timing_in_visual_cortical_circuits","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13538724/Regulation_of_spike_timing_in_visual_cortical_circuits"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div 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