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</svg> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Communication</h4> <span>21 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/344" class="anchor" title="Trade-offs in Encapsulation Efficiency and Drug Release: A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach">Trade-offs in Encapsulation Efficiency and Drug Release: A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">Multi-objective optimization (MOO) techniques are crucial in addressing complex engineering problems with conflicting objectives, particularly in pharmaceutical applications. This study focuses on optimizing a biodegradable micro-polymeric carrier system for drug delivery, specifically maximizing the encapsulation efficiency and drug release of Candesartan Cilexetil antihypertensive drug. Achieving a balance between these two goals is essential, as higher encapsulation efficiency ensures adequate drug loading. In contrast, optimal drug release rates are critical for maintaining bioavailability and achieving therapeutic efficacy. Using response surface models to formulate the problem definition, five prominent MOO algorithms were employed: NSGA-III, MOEAD, RVEA, C-TAEA, and AGE-MOEA. The optimization process aimed to generate Pareto fronts representing compromise solutions between encapsulation efficiency and drug release. The results revealed inherent conflicts between objectives: increasing encapsulation efficiency often came at the cost of reducing the drug release rate. Evaluation of MOO algorithms using performance metrics such as hypervolume, generational distance, inverted generational distance, spacing, maximum spread, and spread metric provided insights into their strengths and weaknesses. Among the evaluated algorithms, NSGA-III emerged as the top performer, achieving a Weighted Sum Method (WSM) score of 82.0776, followed closely by MOEAD with a WSM score of 80.8869. RVEA, C-TAEA, and AGE-MOEA also demonstrated competitive formulation quality, albeit with slightly lower WSM scores. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of MOO techniques in optimizing pharmaceutical formulations, providing valuable insights for decision-makers in selecting optimal formulations.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MohamedKouider Amar" target="_blank"> Mohamed Kouider Amar*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Achouak Madani" target="_blank"> Achouak Madani</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Faiza Omari" target="_blank"> Faiza Omari</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=MohamedHentabli" target="_blank"> Mohamed Hentabli</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/11/22/96d1443e5acf115e251701431f788ebc.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>21 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/343" class="anchor" title="The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Globalization, and Financial Development on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Selected G7 Economies">The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Globalization, and Financial Development on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Selected G7 Economies</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">The aggregate upsurge in carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) witnessed through environmental degradation and global climate change is a call for great concern. This, therefore, calls for the enactment, utilization and implementation of provisions and policies geared towards curbing this global economic bad without impeding global economic growth rates. This study ascertains the extent to which renewable energy consumption (REC), economic growth (GDP), population growth (POP), globalization (GLO), and financial development (FD) affect carbon dioxide emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>) in selected G7 economies (France, Germany, Canada, Italy, and the United Kingdom) from 1990<b>–</b>2020. The Dynamic Fixed Effect Autoregressive Distributive Lag (DFE-ARDL) and the Pooled Mean Group ARDL (PMG-ARDL) methods were employed for analysis. The empirical findings for DFE-ARDL showed that REC, GDP, and POP have an adverse association with CO<sub>2</sub> in the long-term. However, in the short-term, REC and FD improve the environment, while GDP and POP drive CO<sub>2</sub>. It is observed that the result for REC in the short and long-run is consistent. The PMG-ARDL results revealed that REC and GLO negatively affect CO<sub>2</sub> in the long-run, and in the short-run, GDP spurs CO<sub>2</sub>, while FD reduces it. The result summary of both methods employed demonstrates that REC, GLO, and FD benefit the environment. At the same time, GDP and POP harm the environment in the short-run but reduce CO<sub>2</sub> in the long-run. Conclusively, the research recommends increasing the utilization of renewable energy and policies that enable economic growth and CO<sub>2</sub> to move in the opposite direction.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Agbortoko Agbortoko Egbe" target="_blank"> Agbortoko Agbortoko Egbe</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Oluwatoyin Abidemi Somoye" target="_blank"> Oluwatoyin Abidemi Somoye*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=HuseyinOzdeser" target="_blank"> Huseyin Ozdeser</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/11/21/84e7187788fc2b0f289694874b35e2bf.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>20 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/342" class="anchor" title="Contextualization of Industry 4.0 Design Principles for the Imminent Industry 5.0 Scenario">Contextualization of Industry 4.0 Design Principles for the Imminent Industry 5.0 Scenario</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">The Fourth Industrial Revolution, known as Industry 4.0 (I4.0), has introduced a completely disruptive pace compared to the rhythm of the three previous industrial revolutions. With a wide range of technologies, design principles, and a high potential to replace the human workforce, this industry presents aspects that urgently require greater attention. With a purpose close to meeting this need, Industry 5.0 (I5.0) emerges, a milestone not yet registered with historical facts but with great hopes for positive changes. While I4.0 maintains design principles for its complete activity, I5.0 has a supporting tripod for its operation. As I5.0 is still perceived as an evolutionary character of I4.0, it is expected that for the time being, it will use these same design principles for its activity and may later include new principles. Based on this context, this article seeks to contextualize, in a descriptive way, the functioning of design principles 4.0 for the imminent industrial context 5.0. The article uses a conceptual approach based on previously published literature on the subject of design principles in I4.0. Although the characteristics of I5.0 are not yet fully known, it is assumed that it has a more refined character than I4.0, so that points that presented a positive, significant, and already consolidated result are maintained for the new model. The distinctive feature of this article is its presentation of a textual analysis that breaks down the potential contributions of design principles in relation to the three core values of Industry 5.0: Sustainability, Human-Centricity, and Resilience.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Nubia Gabriela Pereira Carvalho" target="_blank"> Nubia Gabriela Pereira Carvalho*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Mateus Cecílio Gerolamo" target="_blank"> Mateus Cecílio Gerolamo</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/11/20/f73ef16c03a618879b38954d7a90594f.png" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>19 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/341" class="anchor" title="Calcite as a Mineralizer and Stabilizer for Low-Cost Zirconia-Mullite-Alumina Composites Synthesized from Siliceous Clay, Alumina and Zirconia">Calcite as a Mineralizer and Stabilizer for Low-Cost Zirconia-Mullite-Alumina Composites Synthesized from Siliceous Clay, Alumina and Zirconia</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">Fused zirconia-mullite (ZM) and zirconia-alumina (ZA) are expensive aggregates used in refractory formulations to enhance thermal shock tolerance and corrosion resistance, respectively. A cost-effective alternative approach was explored in this work to produce 37.4 wt% ZrO<sub>2</sub> containing ZM utilizing conventional reaction sintering of siliceous clay, calcined alumina and monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub>. A series of chemical reactions ensued from 1200 °C, forming low quartz and cristobalite from the clay, in situ ZrSiO<sub>4</sub>, monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub>, α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and traces of leucite. 1600 °C was required to fully form mullite and monoclinic ZrO<sub>2</sub> but it had 26.5% porosity even after firing at 1650 °C for 2 h. It consisted of small equiaxed primary mullite grains secondary mullite rods, and scattered and clustered, round ZrO<sub>2</sub> grains. With 1.05% CaO addition, tetragonal ZrO<sub>2</sub> formed, but 22.7% porosity remained despite the presence of 13.5% liquid phase having a low viscosity (0.6 Pa.s, from FactSage). With 2.11% CaO, porosity reduced to 10.7% but mullite partly dissolved, forming α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (ZMA aggregate). The added CaO mostly remained in the intergranular glassy phase rather than inside the ZrO<sub>2</sub> grains but increased the thickness of the secondary mullite and the ZrO<sub>2</sub> grains. Mullite was completely lost with 4.21% CaO doping but favorably formed cubic ZrO<sub>2</sub> containing up to 0.26 at% Ca, interlinked α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> rods and attained a low porosity of 0.2%. This ZA aggregate is limited to 1550 °C application temperature as excess liquid phase drained out beyond that. 7.37% CaO addition was detrimental as it formed an excessive anorthite-like liquid phase that percolated out at 1550 °C with 5.6% weight loss. Thus, in ZM-based calcium aluminate cement bonded refractory castables, the final CaO content should be restricted to below 2.1% to avoid partial dissolution of mullite.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=SomnathMandal" target="_blank"> Somnath Mandal*</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=HarshitAgrawal" target="_blank"> Harshit Agrawal</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=AbhijeetPhatak" target="_blank"> Abhijeet Phatak</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=PrashantGupta" target="_blank"> Prashant Gupta</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=IlonaJastrzębska" target="_blank"> Ilona Jastrzębska</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=OmParkash" target="_blank"> Om Parkash</a> </div> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=DevendraKumar" target="_blank"> Devendra Kumar</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/image/202411/19/8d7eea7da52f9de05f4fa1d20c771ec8.jpg" /> </div> </div> <div class="article-box d-flex pt-3 pb-3"> <div class="sc-width-200 pr-3">  <h4>Article</h4> <span>18 November 2024</span> </div> <div class="sc-flex-value1 d-flex flex-wrap"> <div> <h3 class="article-title"><a href="/article/pii/340" class="anchor" title="Developing a Climate Litigation Framework: China’s Contribution to International Environmental Law">Developing a Climate Litigation Framework: China’s Contribution to International Environmental Law</a></h3>  <p class="article-abseract clamp">Although “climate litigation” is not an indigenous term in China, localizing it is essential to support the development of an independent environmental legal knowledge system in China. Rooted in China’s judicial tradition, which emphasizes substantive rationality, traditional legal theories have primarily focused on environmental law. However, the contemporary practices in the rule of law have created an unclear trajectory for climate litigation. Research in this area has long been trapped in a paradigm that relies on lawsuits for ecological environmental damage compensation and environmental public interest litigation, leading to a significant disconnect between theoretical framworks and practical application. With the advancement of the "dual carbon" strategic goals<b>—</b>carbon peaking and carbon neutrality<b>—</b>it has become imperative to redefine the concept of climate litigation within the Chinese context. We need to establish a theoretical framework that aligns with the “dual carbon” objectives while providing theoretical and institutional support for climate litigation, ultimately contributing to the international discourse on climate justice. Additionally, Hong Kong’s proactive climate governance and robust ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices provide valuable insights for developing comprehensive climate litigation mechanisms. Based on this analysis, we propose concrete plans for building a climate litigation system in China, establishing a preventive relief system and a multi-source legal framework at the substantive level and developing climate judicial mechanisms for mitigation and adaptation at the procedural level.</p> </div> <div class="authors-list align-self-end"> <div class="author-name"> <span class="icon"><i class="fal fa-user-crown"></i></span> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=YedongZhang" target="_blank"> Yedong Zhang*</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-img"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/17168749694ev3.jpg" /> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <section class="index-books"> <div class="my-body-container padding0"> <div class="section-heading"> <h3 class="section-title"> Journals <a href="/index/journals/index.html" class="anchor"> More Journals <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="12" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-chevron-double-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L9.293 8 3.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.646 1.646a.5.5 0 0 1 .708 0l6 6a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .708l-6 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.708-.708L13.293 8 7.646 2.354a.5.5 0 0 1 0-.708z"/> </svg> </a> </h3> </div> <ul class="journals-list d-flex flex-wrap pt-3 pb-3"> <li> <a href="/journals/amsm" title="Advanced Materials & Sustainable Manufacturing"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874547gn5t.jpg" alt="Advanced Materials & Sustainable Manufacturing" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/bgd" title="Blood and Genomics Discovery"> <img src="/uploads/2024/09/03/17253263611r7b.jpg" alt="Blood and Genomics Discovery" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/cvs" title="Cardiovascular Science"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874725pj60.jpg" alt="Cardiovascular Science" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ecoldivers" title="Ecology and Diversity"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716874995w53i.jpg" alt="Ecology and Diversity" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/gct" title="Green Chemical Technology"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/21/172420996106lt.jpg" alt="Green Chemical Technology" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/htm" title="High-Temperature Materials"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875096gmcg.jpg" alt="High-Temperature Materials" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/hee" title="Hydroecology and Engineering"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/11/1718070081cb4j.jpg" alt="Hydroecology and Engineering" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/immune" title="Immune Discovery"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/26/1719369562247q.jpg" alt="Immune Discovery" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ism" title="Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875145yduw.jpg" alt="Intelligent and Sustainable Manufacturing" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/jrbtm" title="Journal of Respiratory Biology and Translational Medicine "> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687517164sw.jpg" alt="Journal of Respiratory Biology and Translational Medicine " /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ldmh" title="Lifespan Development and Mental Health"> <img src="/uploads/2024/10/31/1730358055gA4u.jpg" alt="Lifespan Development and Mental Health" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/mer" title="Marine Energy Research"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/19/1724035733zw26.jpg" alt="Marine Energy Research" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/plfs" title="Perspectives in Legal and Forensic Sciences"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687526818d7.jpg" alt="Perspectives in Legal and Forensic Sciences" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/sbe" title="Synthetic Biology and Engineering"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/171687534826sk.jpg" alt="Synthetic Biology and Engineering" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/spe" title="Sustainable Polymer & Energy"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875371jjj3.jpg" alt="Sustainable Polymer & Energy" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/dav" title="Drones and Autonomous Vehicles"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/17168749452jfd.jpg" alt="Drones and Autonomous Vehicles" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ces" title="Clean Energy and Sustainability"> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/04/1717468000onrb.jpg" alt="Clean Energy and Sustainability" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/ecolciviliz" title="Ecological Civilization"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/17168749694ev3.jpg" alt="Ecological Civilization" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/fibrosis" title="Fibrosis"> <img src="/uploads/2024/08/28/1724830622d7br.jpg" alt="Fibrosis" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/natanthropol" title="Nature Anthropology"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875247taxb.jpg" alt="Nature Anthropology" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/prp" title="Photocatalysis: Research and Potential"> <img src="/uploads/2024/05/28/1716875294swzs.jpg" alt="Photocatalysis: Research and Potential" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journals/rrd" title="Rural and Regional Development "> <img src="/uploads/2024/06/04/1717467964pye3.jpg" alt="Rural and Regional Development " /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section>  <footer class="mt-1"> <div class="my-body-container pt-4 pb-4"> <div class="fotter-top"> <div> <div class="item-text"> <h3>About</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/About_SCIEPublish" title="About SClEPublish">About SClEPublish</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Management_Team" title="Management Team">Management Team</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Careers" title="Careers">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Contact" title="Contact">Contact</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item-text"> <h3>Policies</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="/Peer_Review_Policy" title="Peer Review Policy">Peer Review Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Open_Access_Policy" title="Open Access Policy">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/Licensing_and_Copyright" title="Licensing and Copyright">Licensing and Copyright</a> </li> <li> <a 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