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</button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian politician (1926–1999)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the premier of South Australia. For the governor of South Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Donald_Dunstan_(governor)" title="Donald Dunstan (governor)">Donald Dunstan (governor)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Don Dunstan</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg/220px-Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg/330px-Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg/440px-Don_Dunstan_1968_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="4017" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Dunstan in 1968</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">35th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premier of South Australia</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 2 June 1970 – 15 February 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of Australia">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Harrison_(Australian_governor)" title="James Harrison (Australian governor)">Sir James Harrison</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Sir Mark Oliphant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Sir Douglas Nicholls</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Seaman" title="Keith Seaman">Sir Keith Seaman</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall" title="Steele Hall">Steele Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1967 – 17 April 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth II of Australia">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edric_Bastyan" title="Edric Bastyan">Sir Edric Bastyan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(South_Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (South Australia)">Leader of the Opposition in South Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 17 April 1968 – 2 June 1970</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(South_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch)">Leader of the South Australian Labor Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1967 – 15 February 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data">Des Corcoran</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_South_Australia" title="Treasurer of South Australia">Treasurer of South Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 2 June 1970 – 15 February 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1967 – 16 April 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">38th <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_South_Australia" title="Attorney-General of South Australia">Attorney-General of South Australia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 20 June 1975 – 9 October 1975</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Len_King" title="Len King">Len King</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Duncan_(Australian_politician)" title="Peter Duncan (Australian politician)">Peter Duncan</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 10 March 1965 – 16 April 1968</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a> Himself</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Rowe_(politician)" title="Colin Rowe (politician)">Colin Rowe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Millhouse" title="Robin Millhouse">Robin Millhouse</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="South Australian Parliament">South Australian Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Norwood" title="Electoral district of Norwood">Norwood</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 7 March 1953 – 10 March 1979</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moir" title="Roy Moir">Roy Moir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Crafter" title="Greg Crafter">Greg Crafter</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1926-09-21)21 September 1926 <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Colony of Fiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">6 February 1999(1999-02-06) (aged 72) <a href="/wiki/Norwood,_South_Australia" title="Norwood, South Australia">Norwood, South Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Australian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(South_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch)">Labor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Gretel Elsasser</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1949; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1974)</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Adele Koh</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1976; died 1978)</div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Domestic partner(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Steven Cheng (1986–1999)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Donald Allan Dunstan <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a> <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a> (21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999) was an Australian politician who served as the 35th <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">premier of South Australia</a> from 1967 to 1968, and again from 1970 to 1979. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia" title="Parliament of South Australia">House of Assembly</a> (MHA) for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Norwood" title="Electoral district of Norwood">division of Norwood</a> from 1953 to 1979, and leader of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(South_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch)">South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party</a> from 1967 to 1979. Before becoming premier, Dunstan served as the 38th <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_South_Australia" title="Attorney-General of South Australia">attorney-general of South Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_South_Australia" title="Treasurer of South Australia">treasurer of South Australia</a>. He is the fourth longest serving premier in South Australian history. In the late 1950s, Dunstan became well known for his campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Australia" title="Capital punishment in Australia">death penalty</a> being imposed on <a href="/wiki/Max_Stuart" title="Max Stuart">Max Stuart</a>, who was convicted of rape and murder of a small girl, opposing then-Premier <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_IV" title="Thomas Playford IV">Thomas Playford</a> over the matter. During Labor's time in opposition, Dunstan was prominent in securing some reforms in <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal rights">Aboriginal rights</a> and in Labor abandoning the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a>. Dunstan became <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_South_Australia" title="Attorney-General of South Australia">Attorney-General</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1965_South_Australian_state_election" title="1965 South Australian state election">1965 election</a>, and replaced the older <a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a> as premier in 1967. Despite maintaining a much larger vote over the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Country_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal and Country League">Liberal and Country League</a> (LCL), Labor lost two seats at the <a href="/wiki/1968_South_Australian_state_election" title="1968 South Australian state election">1968 election</a>, with the LCL forming government with support of an independent. Dunstan responded by increasing his attacks on the <a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a>, convincing the LCL into watering down the malapportionment. With little change in Labor's vote but with the Playmander removed, Labor won 27 of 47 seats at the <a href="/wiki/1970_South_Australian_state_election" title="1970 South Australian state election">1970 election</a>, and again in <a href="/wiki/1973_South_Australian_state_election" title="1973 South Australian state election">1973</a>, <a href="/wiki/1975_South_Australian_state_election" title="1975 South Australian state election">1975</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1977_South_Australian_state_election" title="1977 South Australian state election">1977</a>. Dunstan's socially <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> administration saw <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights_in_Australia" title="Indigenous land rights in Australia">Aboriginal land rights</a> recognised, <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights_in_Australia#LGBT_history_and_activism" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights in Australia">homosexuality decriminalised</a>, the first female judge (<a href="/wiki/Dame_Roma_Mitchell" class="mw-redirect" title="Dame Roma Mitchell">Dame Roma Mitchell</a>) appointed, the first non-British <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">governor</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a>, and later the first <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian">Indigenous</a> governor, Sir <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Douglas Nicholls</a>. He enacted <a href="/wiki/Consumer_protection" title="Consumer protection">consumer protection</a> laws, reformed and expanded the <a href="/wiki/Public_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Public education">public education</a> and health systems, abolished the death penalty, relaxed <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">censorship</a> and drinking laws, created a ministry for the environment, enacted <a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">anti-discrimination law</a>, and implemented <a href="/wiki/Electoral_reform" title="Electoral reform">electoral reforms</a> such as the overhaul of the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia" title="Parliament of South Australia">Parliament</a>, lowered the <a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">voting age</a> to 18, enacted <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, and completely abolished <a href="/wiki/Malapportionment" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapportionment">malapportionment</a>. He also established <a href="/wiki/Rundle_Mall" title="Rundle Mall">Rundle Mall</a>, enacted measures to protect buildings of <a href="/wiki/Heritage-listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Heritage-listed">historical heritage</a>, and encouraging <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">arts</a>, with support for the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_Centre" title="Adelaide Festival Centre">Adelaide Festival Centre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Theatre_Company_of_South_Australia" title="State Theatre Company of South Australia">State Theatre Company</a>, and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Film_Corporation" title="South Australian Film Corporation">South Australian Film Corporation</a>. At the same time, there were also problems; the economy began to stagnate, and the large increases to burgeoning <a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">public service</a> generated claims of waste. One of Dunstan's pet projects, a plan to build a new city at <a href="/wiki/Monarto,_South_Australia" title="Monarto, South Australia">Monarto</a> to alleviate urban pressures in Adelaide, was abandoned when economic and population growth stalled, with much money and planning already invested. After four consecutive election wins, Dunstan's administration began to falter in 1978 following his dismissal of Police Commissioner Harold Salisbury, as controversy broke out over whether he had improperly interfered with a judicial investigation. In addition, policy problems and unemployment began to mount, as well as unsubstantiated rumours of corruption and personal impropriety. The strain on Dunstan was increased by the death of his wife. His resignation from the premiership and politics in 1979 was abrupt after collapsing due to ill health, but he lived for another 20 years, remaining a vocal and outspoken campaigner for progressive social policy. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> Donald Allan Dunstan was born on 21 September 1926 in <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Colony of Fiji</a>, the son of Francis Vivian Dunstan and Ida May Dunstan (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Hill),<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Australians of <a href="/wiki/Cornish_Australians" title="Cornish Australians">Cornish</a> descent.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> His parents had moved to Fiji in 1916 after his father took up a position as manager of the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Steamship_Company" title="Adelaide Steamship Company">Adelaide Steamship Company</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> He spent the first seven years of his life in Fiji, starting his schooling there. Dunstan was beset by illness, and his parents sent him to South Australia hoping the drier climate would assist his recovery. He lived in <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bridge,_South_Australia" title="Murray Bridge, South Australia">Murray Bridge</a> for three years with his mother's parents before returning to Suva for a short period during his secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-y15-5">[5]</a> During his time in Fiji, Dunstan mixed easily with the <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in Fiji">Indian settlers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">indigenous people</a>, something that was frowned upon by many of the white people on the islands.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> He won a <a href="/wiki/Scholarship" title="Scholarship">scholarship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classical studies</a> and attended <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_College,_Adelaide" title="St Peter's College, Adelaide">St Peter's College</a>, a traditional private school for the sons of the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Establishment" title="Adelaide Establishment">Adelaide establishment</a>. He developed public speaking and acting skills, winning the college's public speaking prize for two consecutive years.<a href="#cite_note-y15-5">[5]</a> In 1943, he portrayed the title role in a production of <a href="/wiki/John_Drinkwater_(playwright)" title="John Drinkwater (playwright)">John Drinkwater</a>'s play <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_(play)" title="Abraham Lincoln (play)">Abraham Lincoln</a>, and according to the school magazine, he "was the chief contributor to the success of the occasion".<a href="#cite_note-c312-6">[6]</a> His academic strengths were in classical history and languages, and he disliked mathematics.<a href="#cite_note-y15-5">[5]</a> He gained a reputation as a maverick. During this time, Dunstan did not board and lived in the seaside suburb of <a href="/wiki/Glenelg,_South_Australia" title="Glenelg, South Australia">Glenelg</a> with relatives.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> Dunstan completed his secondary schooling in 1943, ranking in the top 30 overall in the statewide matriculation examinations.<a href="#cite_note-c312-6">[6]</a> In his youth, influenced by his uncle, former Liberal <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_and_lord_mayors_of_Adelaide" title="List of mayors and lord mayors of Adelaide">Lord Mayor of Adelaide</a> Sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Robert_Cain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Robert Cain (page does not exist)">Jonathan Cain</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Dunstan was a supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_and_Country_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal and Country League">Liberal and Country League</a> (LCL) and handed out how-to-vote cards for the party at state elections. Dunstan later said of his involvement with the Liberals: "I do not call it snobbery to deride the Establishment in South Australia, I admit that I was brought up into it, and I admit that it gave me a pain."<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> When asked of his roots, he said, "I'm a refugee from it and thank God for somewhere honest to flee to!"<a href="#cite_note-abc-9">[9]</a> His political awakening happened during his university years. Studying law and arts at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a>,<a href="#cite_note-y15-5">[5]</a> he became very active, joining the University Socialist Club, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Fabian_Society" title="Australian Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a>, the Student Representative Council, as well as the Theatre Group. A two-week stint in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia" title="Communist Party of Australia">Communist Party</a> was followed by membership in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Dunstan was markedly different from the general membership of the Labor Party of the time; upon applying for membership at <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Trades_Hall" title="Adelaide Trades Hall">Trades Hall</a>, a Labor veteran supposedly muttered "how could that long-haired prick be a Labor man?"<a href="#cite_note-y17-11">[11]</a> His peculiarities, such as his upper-class accent,<a href="#cite_note-y17-11">[11]</a> were a target of derision by the working-class Labor old guard throughout his early political involvement.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-y17-11">[11]</a> Dunstan funded his education by working in theatre and radio during his university years.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> He eventually graduated with a double degree, with arts majors in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparative_philology" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparative philology">comparative philology</a>, history and politics, and he came first in political science.<a href="#cite_note-c312-6">[6]</a> After Dunstan graduated, he moved with his wife to Fiji where he was admitted to the bar and began his career as a lawyer.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> They returned to Adelaide in 1951 and settled in George Street, <a href="/wiki/Norwood,_South_Australia" title="Norwood, South Australia">Norwood</a>, taking in boarders as a source of extra income.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunstan,_pp._25–32-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_beginnings">Political beginnings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political beginnings">edit</a>]</div> Dunstan was nominated as the Labor candidate for the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Norwood" title="Electoral district of Norwood">electoral district of Norwood</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1953_South_Australian_state_election" title="1953 South Australian state election">1953 election</a>. His campaign was noted for his colourful methods to sway voters: posters of his face were placed on every <a href="/wiki/Stobie_pole" title="Stobie pole">pole</a> in the district, and Labor supporters walked the streets advocating Dunstan. He targeted in particular the large <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Australian">Italian</a> migrant population of the district, distributing translated copies of a statement the sitting LCL member <a href="/wiki/Roy_Moir" title="Roy Moir">Roy Moir</a> had made about immigrants. Moir had commented that "these immigrants are of no use to us – a few of them are tradesmen but most of them have no skills at all. And when they intermarry we'll have all the colours of the rainbow."<a href="#cite_note-d3536-13">[13]</a> Dunstan won the seat and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_House_of_Assembly" title="South Australian House of Assembly">South Australian House of Assembly</a>. His son Andrew was born nine months after the win.<a href="#cite_note-d3536-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-playford115-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YoungDunstan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/YoungDunstan.JPG/170px-YoungDunstan.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/YoungDunstan.JPG/255px-YoungDunstan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/YoungDunstan.JPG/340px-YoungDunstan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan at a young age</figcaption></figure> Dunstan was to become the most vocal opponent of the LCL Government of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Playford" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Thomas Playford">Sir Thomas Playford</a>, strongly criticising its practice of <a href="/wiki/Apportionment_(politics)" title="Apportionment (politics)">electoral malapportionment</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a>, a pun on the term <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymander</a>. This system gave a disproportionate electoral weight to the LCL's rural base,<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> with votes worth as much as ten times others − at the <a href="/wiki/1968_South_Australian_state_election" title="1968 South Australian state election">1968 election</a> the rural seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Frome" title="Electoral district of Frome">Frome</a> had 4,500 formal votes, while the metropolitan seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Enfield" title="Electoral district of Enfield">Enfield</a> had 42,000 formal votes.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> He added colour and flair to debate in South Australian politics, changing the existing "gentlemanly" method of conducting parliamentary proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-c314-18">[18]</a> He did not fear direct confrontation with the incumbent government and attacked it with vigour. Up to this point most of his Labor colleagues had become dispirited by the Playmander and were resigned to the ongoing dominance of Playford and LCL, so they sought to influence policy through collaborative legislating.<a href="#cite_note-c314-18">[18]</a> In 1954, the LCL introduced the Government Electoral Bill, which was designed to further accentuate the undue weight favouring rural voters. During the debate, Dunstan decried this "immoral Bill ... I cannot separate it from the motives of those who put it forward. Since it is immoral, so are they."<a href="#cite_note-c314-18">[18]</a> Such language, unusually aggressive by the prevailing standards, resulted in Dunstan's removal from the parliamentary chambers after he refused a request from the Speaker to retract his remark. The first parliamentarian to be expelled in years, Dunstan found himself on the front pages of newspapers for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-c314-18">[18]</a> Nevertheless, he was not able to build up much of a profile in his first few years as <a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a>, the dominant newspaper in the city, had a policy of ignoring the young politician's activities—its editor <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Dumas" title="Lloyd Dumas">Lloyd Dumas</a> was the father of one of Dunstan's first girlfriends.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Max_Stuart_trial">Max Stuart trial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Max Stuart trial">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Max_Stuart" title="Max Stuart">Max Stuart</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_IV" title="Thomas Playford IV">Thomas Playford IV</a></div> In December 1958 there occurred an event that initially had nothing to do with Playford, but eventually intensified into a debacle regarded as a turning point in his premiership and marked the end of his rule. Dunstan was prominent in pressuring Playford during this time.<a href="#cite_note-c292-20">[20]</a> A young girl was found raped and murdered, and <a href="/wiki/Max_Stuart" title="Max Stuart">Max Stuart</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian">Aboriginal</a> man, was convicted and sentenced to be executed.<a href="#cite_note-c292-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Stuart's lawyer claimed that the confession was forced, and appeals to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_South_Australia" title="Supreme Court of South Australia">Supreme</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Courts</a> were dismissed. Amid objections against the fairness of the trial among an increasing number of legal academics and judges,<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_News_(Adelaide)" title="The News (Adelaide)">The News</a> brought much attention to Stuart's plight with an aggressive, tabloid-style campaign.<a href="#cite_note-c297-24">[24]</a> When Playford and the Executive Council decided not to reprieve Stuart, an appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Committee_of_the_Privy_Council" title="Judicial Committee of the Privy Council">Privy Council</a> was made to stall the execution.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Spearheaded by Dunstan, Labor then tried to introduce legislation to stall the hanging.<a href="#cite_note-c299-26">[26]</a> Amid hue and cry, Playford started a Royal Commission to review the case. However, two of the commissioners had already been involved in the trial and one of the appeals.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> This provoked worldwide controversy with claims of bias from Dunstan and Labor, who also attacked Playford for what they regarded as a too-restrictive scope of inquiry.<a href="#cite_note-c303-28">[28]</a> The Royal Commission began its work and the proceedings were followed closely and eagerly debated by the public. As Playford did not commute Stuart's sentence, Dunstan introduced a bill to abolish <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a>. The vote was split along party lines and was thus defeated, but Dunstan used the opportunity to attack the Playmander with much effect in the media, portraying the failed legislation as an unjust triumph of a malapportioned minority who had a vengeance mentality over an electorally repressed majority who wanted a humane outcome.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DonDunstan1963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/DonDunstan1963.jpg/170px-DonDunstan1963.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/DonDunstan1963.jpg/255px-DonDunstan1963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/DonDunstan1963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan in 1963</figcaption></figure> Amid the continuing uproar, Playford decided to grant clemency.<a href="#cite_note-c305-30">[30]</a> The Royal Commission concluded that the guilty verdict was sound. Although a majority of those who spoke out against the handling of the matter (including Dunstan) thought Stuart was probably guilty,<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> the events provoked heated and bitter debate in South Australian society and destabilised Playford's administration,<a href="#cite_note-c308-32">[32]</a> while bringing much publicity to Dunstan.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> From 1959 onwards, the LCL government clung to power with the support of two independents, as Labor gained momentum. Always at the forefront, Dunstan lambasted the government for perceived underspending on social welfare, education, health and the arts.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Dunstan heavily promoted himself as a reformer.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> In 1960, Dunstan became president of the State Labor Party. The year also saw the death of Opposition Leader <a href="/wiki/Mick_O%27Halloran" title="Mick O'Halloran">Mick O'Halloran</a> and his replacement by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a>. Dunstan attempted to win the position of Opposition Leader and, failing that, Deputy Leader. However, the Labor <a href="/wiki/Caucus" title="Caucus">caucus</a> was sceptical of his age and inexperience, and he failed to gain either position, albeit narrowly.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ascent_to_power">Ascent to power</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ascent to power">edit</a>]</div> Federally, Dunstan, together with fellow <a href="/wiki/Australian_Fabian_Society" title="Australian Fabian Society">Australian Fabian Society</a> member <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a>, set about removing the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> from the Labor platform. The older trade-unionist-based members of the Labor Party vehemently opposed changing the status quo. However, the "New Guard" of the party, of which Dunstan was a part, were determined to bring about its end. Attempts in 1959 and 1961 failed, with Labor leader <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Calwell" title="Arthur Calwell">Arthur Calwell</a> stating, "It would ruin the Party if we altered the immigration policy ... it was only cranks, long hairs, academics and do-gooders who wanted the change." However, Dunstan persisted in his efforts, and in 1965 it was removed from the Labor platform at their national conference; Dunstan personally took credit for the change.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> Whitlam later brought about the comprehensive end of the White Australia policy in 1973 as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Dunstan pursued similar reforms with respect to <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>. In 1962, the Aboriginal Affairs Bill was introduced to liberalise constraints that had been placed on Indigenous Australians in the past and had effectively resulted in segregation. The initial proposal still retained some restrictions, placing more controls over <a href="/wiki/Half-caste" title="Half-caste">full-blooded</a> Aboriginal people. Dunstan was prominent in Labor's opposition to the double standards,<a href="#cite_note-s495-40">[40]</a> and called for abolition of race-based restrictions, saying that social objectives could be achieved without explicit colour-based schemes.<a href="#cite_note-s495-40">[40]</a> He was successful in forcing amendments to liberalise controls on property and the confinement of Indigenous Australians to <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_reserve" title="Aboriginal reserve">Aboriginal reserves</a>. However, his attempt to remove the different standards required of part and full-blooded Aboriginal people failed, as did his proposal to ensure that at least half of the members of the Aboriginal Affairs Board be Indigenous Australians.<a href="#cite_note-s496-41">[41]</a> Despite the passage of the bill, restrictions remained in place and Dunstan questioned the policy of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">assimilation</a> of Aboriginal people, which he saw as the diluting of their distinctive cultures.<a href="#cite_note-s497-42">[42]</a> Labor won the seats of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Glenelg_(South_Australia)" title="Electoral district of Glenelg (South Australia)">Glenelg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Barossa" title="Electoral district of Barossa">Barossa</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1965_South_Australian_state_election" title="1965 South Australian state election">1965 election</a>, after winning the seats of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Chaffey" title="Electoral district of Chaffey">Chaffey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Unley" title="Electoral district of Unley">Unley</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1962_South_Australian_state_election" title="1962 South Australian state election">1962 election</a>. Labor thus finally overcame the Playmander and formed government for the first time in 32 years, with <a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a> as <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premier of South Australia</a>. Despite winning 55 percent of the primary vote, the Playmander was still strong enough that Labor won only 21 of 39 seats, a two-seat majority. Dunstan became <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General">Attorney-General</a> and Minister of Community Welfare and Aboriginal Affairs. He was far and away the youngest member of the cabinet; he was the only minister under 50,<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a> and one of only three under 60.<a href="#cite_note-p293-44">[44]</a> Dunstan had a major impact on Government policy as Attorney-General.<a href="#cite_note-p294-45">[45]</a> Having only narrowly lost out on the leadership in 1960, Dunstan became the obvious successor to the 67-year-old Walsh, who was due to retire in 1967 under Labor rules of the time.<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG/220px-Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG/330px-Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG/440px-Adelaide_parliament_house.JPG 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>The South Australian <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Adelaide" title="Parliament House, Adelaide">Parliament House</a>, situated on the cultural boulevard of <a href="/wiki/North_Terrace,_Adelaide" title="North Terrace, Adelaide">North Terrace</a></figcaption></figure> The Walsh Government implemented significant reform in its term of office.<a href="#cite_note-Parkin,_pp._294–295-47">[47]</a> Liquor, gambling and entertainment laws were overhauled and liberalised,<a href="#cite_note-bj37-48">[48]</a> social welfare was gradually expanded and <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_reserve" title="Aboriginal reserve">Aboriginal reserves</a> were created. Strong restrictions on Aboriginal access to liquor were lifted.<a href="#cite_note-p295-49">[49]</a> Women's working rights were granted under the mantra of "equal pay for work of equal value", and racial discrimination legislation was enacted. Town planning was codified in law,<a href="#cite_note-Parkin,_pp._294–295-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-bj39-50">[50]</a> and the State Planning Authority was created to oversee development.<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a> Workers were given more rights and the bureaucracy of the education department was liberalised.<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a> Much of the reform was not necessarily radical and was primarily to "fill the gaps" that the previous LCL government had left.<a href="#cite_note-bj36-51">[51]</a> Despite a consistently higher statewide vote, Labor were consistently outnumbered 16–4 in the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>,<a href="#cite_note-p293-44">[44]</a> so some desired legislation did not make it through.<a href="#cite_note-p295-49">[49]</a> In 1965, the legislature convened for 65 days, the most for 34 years, but many bills were still yet to be debated.<a href="#cite_note-p294-45">[45]</a> Many bills were watered down,<a href="#cite_note-p295-49">[49]</a> but due to lack of public interest, outcry was minimal. In particular, the council blocked electoral reform legislation, paving the way for a probable LCL win at the next election.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Such was Dunstan's pre-eminence during his term as Attorney-General that the cabinet was often called the "Dunstan Ministry".<a href="#cite_note-p294-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-bj36-51">[51]</a> An economic depression had begun in South Australia after the Labor government gained office in 1965; unemployment went from the lowest in the country to the second highest, while immigration levels dropped.<a href="#cite_note-bj46-53">[53]</a> Labor was not responsible for the depression, although it initially did little to alleviate it. The Liberals seized on this opportunity, blaming it on "twelve months of Socialist administration in South Australia"<a href="#cite_note-bj46-53">[53]</a> and branding it the "Dunstan Depression".<a href="#cite_note-bj46-53">[53]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1966_Australian_federal_election" title="1966 Australian federal election">1966 Australian federal election</a>, Labor suffered a swing against it of 11.8% in South Australia, double the national average. If this was replicated at a state election, it was projected that Labor would hold only ten of the 39 seats. The Liberals dropped Playford as the state leader, and the younger and more progressive <a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a> took his place. In a dire situation with the next state election looming,<a href="#cite_note-bj5051-54">[54]</a> Labor changed leaders with Walsh, a "neanderthal figure in the television age",<a href="#cite_note-bj36-51">[51]</a> standing down in May 1967. Much of the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Right" title="Labor Right">Labor Right</a> faction, as well as Walsh,<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a> was opposed to Dunstan taking the leadership, but no other MPs had the same charisma or eloquence. Eventually, Dunstan won the leadership over <a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a>, winning fourteen votes to eleven on the strength of rural and marginal Laborites, having trailed by one vote on the first count before less popular candidates were eliminated.<a href="#cite_note-p3-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Dunstan's first Premiership was eventful, with a steady stream of reform and attempts to end the depression. The latter half of 1967 saw the beginnings of a slight recovery, with unemployment dipping and industrial capacity steadying. The 1967–68 budget ran into deficit, allocating funds to energise the economic engine whilst Dunstan lambasted the Federal Government for neglecting the South Australian economy, demanding it take a degree of responsibility for its ills.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_1968–1970">Elections 1968–1970</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elections 1968–1970">edit</a>]</div> In preparation for the <a href="/wiki/1968_South_Australian_state_election" title="1968 South Australian state election">1968 election</a>, Labor campaigned heavily around its leader, and this resonated with voters; in surveys conducted in parts of the metropolitan area, 84% of respondents declared their approval of Dunstan.<a href="#cite_note-bj6566-57">[57]</a> In a presidential-style election campaign, Hall and Dunstan journeyed across the state advocating their platforms, and the major issues were the leaders, the Playmander and the economy.<a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a> Television saw its first major use in the election, and Dunstan, an astute public speaker, successfully mastered it.<a href="#cite_note-bj-59">[59]</a> With his upbeat style, Dunstan also made an impact in the print media, which had long been a bastion of the LCL.<a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a> Despite winning a 52% majority of the primary vote, and 54% of the two-party preferred count,<a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a> Labor lost two seats, resulting in a hung parliament: the LCL and Labor each had 19 seats. Had 21 votes in the rural seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Murray" title="Electoral district of Murray">Murray</a> gone the other way, Labor would have retained power. The balance of power rested with the chamber's lone independent, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stott" title="Tom Stott">Tom Stott</a>, who was offered the speakership by the LCL in return for his support on the Assembly floor.<a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a> Stott, a conservative, agreed to support the LCL.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-abcresults-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg/300px-SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg/450px-SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg/600px-SA_Lower_House_Chamber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="601" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_House_of_Assembly" title="South Australian House of Assembly">South Australian House of Assembly</a>. The Assembly's composition was radically altered after changes were made to electoral legislation, abolishing the electoral malapportionment of the "<a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a>".<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a></figcaption></figure> There was a degree of speculation in the press that Dunstan would call for a new election because of the adverse outcome. However, Dunstan realised the futility of such a move and instead sought to humiliate the LCL into bringing an end to malapportionment. Although Stott's decision to support the LCL ended any realistic chance of Dunstan remaining premier, Dunstan did not immediately resign his commission, intending to force Hall and the LCL to demonstrate that they had support on the floor of the Assembly when it reconvened. He used the six weeks before the start of the new legislature to draw attention to malapportionment.<a href="#cite_note-p4-58">[58]</a> Protests were held on 15 March in <a href="/wiki/Light_Square,_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Square, Adelaide">Light Square</a>. There, Dunstan spoke to a crowd of more than ten thousand: "We need to show that the people of SA feel that at last the watershed has been reached in this, and that they will not continue to put up with a system which is as undemocratic as the present one in SA."<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> On 16 April, the first day of the new House's sitting, Dunstan lost a confidence vote. With it now clear that the LCL had control of the House, Dunstan tendered his resignation to <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Edric_Bastyan" title="Edric Bastyan">Edric Bastyan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p5-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-bj173177-64">[64]</a> Hall was then sworn in as premier. However, the six weeks of protesting had brought nationwide criticism of the unfairness of the electoral system and put more pressure on the LCL to relent to reforms; it has been seen as one of the most important political events of its time.<a href="#cite_note-p5-63">[63]</a> With the end of Playford's tenure, the LCL had brought younger, more progressive members into its ranks. The Hall Government continued many of the social reforms the Walsh/Dunstan governments had initiated; most of these at the instigation of Hall or his Attorney-General, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Millhouse" title="Robin Millhouse">Robin Millhouse</a>. <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">Abortion</a> was partially legalised,<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> and planning for the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_Centre" title="Adelaide Festival Centre">Festival Centre</a> began.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> The conservative and rural factions of the League, notably in the Legislative Council dominated by the landed gentry, were bitterly opposed to some reforms, and more than once Hall was forced to rely on Labor support to see bills passed. The LCL began to break apart; what had once been a united party was now factionalised into four distinct groups across the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-p5-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> The economy of South Australia began to pick up under Hall, returning to full employment.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> During the term in opposition, <a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a> became Dunstan's deputy, and the pair worked together well despite any rift that may have been caused by the struggle to succeed Walsh.<a href="#cite_note-p5-63">[63]</a> Hall was embarrassed that the LCL was in a position to win government despite having clearly lost the first-preference vote, and was committed to a fairer electoral system. Soon after taking office, he enacted a complete overhaul of the electoral system. While they fell short of "<a href="/wiki/One_vote_one_value" class="mw-redirect" title="One vote one value">one vote one value</a>" as Labor and Dunstan had demanded, they were still significant. Under the Playmander the lower house had 39 seats, 13 in Adelaide and 26 in the country. Hall's reforms expanded the lower house to 47 seats–28 in Adelaide and 19 in the country. While there was still a slight rural weighting (since Adelaide accounted for two-thirds of the state's population), with Adelaide now electing a majority of the legislature, historical results made a Labor win at the next election likely.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Stott withdrew support in 1970 over the <a href="/wiki/Chowilla_Dam" title="Chowilla Dam">Chowilla Dam</a>, a dispute over the location of a dam on the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a>,<a href="#cite_note-p6-70">[70]</a> and South Australia went to the polls.<a href="#cite_note-p6-70">[70]</a> The dam controversy was not much of an election issue, and attempts by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labor_Party_(Australia,_1955)" title="Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)">Democratic Labor Party</a> to portray Dunstan as a communist over his opposition to ongoing Australian support for <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> had little effect.<a href="#cite_note-p6-70">[70]</a> The LCL campaigned heavily on Hall, while Dunstan promised sweeping social reform, artistic transformation and more community services. He said "We'll set a new standard of social advancement that the whole of Australia will envy. We believe South Australia can set the pace. It can happen here. We can do it."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Dunstan won the <a href="/wiki/1970_South_Australian_state_election" title="1970 South Australian state election">1970 South Australian state election</a> easily, taking 27 seats compared with the LCL's 20.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Although the share of the votes had been similar to 1968, the dilution of the Playmander had changed the share of the seats. As Labor had attained a majority of the popular vote for a long period, and because malapportionment had been largely ended, the political scientists <a href="/wiki/Neal_Blewett" title="Neal Blewett">Neal Blewett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jaensch" title="Dean Jaensch">Dean Jaensch</a> said: "A Dunstan decade seems assured."<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dunstan_decade">Dunstan decade</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dunstan decade">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg/220px-Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg/330px-Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg/440px-Don_Dunstan_National_Press_Club_1970_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan addressing the <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Club_(Australia)" title="National Press Club (Australia)">National Press Club</a> in 1970</figcaption></figure> Dunstan wasted no time in organising his new ministry. He served as his own <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_South_Australia" title="Treasurer of South Australia">Treasurer</a>, and took several other portfolios for himself.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> Deputy Premier <a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a> took on most infrastructure portfolios: Marine and Harbours, and Public Works. Corcoran became the face of the Dunstan ministry in its relationship with the Labor caucus, with his ability to use his strong manner to settle disputes.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Bert Shard became Health Minister, overseeing the construction and planning of new, major public hospitals: the <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Medical_Centre" title="Flinders Medical Centre">Flinders Medical Centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modbury_Hospital" title="Modbury Hospital">Modbury Hospital</a>.<a href="#cite_note-d1723-75">[75]</a> Hugh Hudson took on the Education portfolio, an important role in a government that was determined to bring about profound change to the South Australian education system.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Virgo" title="Geoff Virgo">Geoff Virgo</a>, the new Transport Minister, was to deal with the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Adelaide_Transport_Study" title="Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study">Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study</a> (MATS) plans.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Len_King" title="Len King">Len King</a> was made Attorney-General and Aboriginal Affairs Minister despite being a new member of parliament.<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a> Dunstan formed a strong circle of loyal ministers around him, in a style radically different from his predecessors.<a href="#cite_note-d1723-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg/220px-Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg/330px-Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg/440px-Premier%27s_Conference_April_1971_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan with <a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a> in April 1971</figcaption></figure> Soon after the election, Dunstan travelled to <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> for the annual <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Australian_Governments" title="Council of Australian Governments">Premiers' Conference</a> as the sole Labor premier. His Government, on a mandate to dramatically increase funding in key areas, sought to appropriate further finances from the Federal Government. This brought Dunstan into conflict with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Gorton" title="John Gorton">John Gorton</a>, and federal funding to SA was not increased. An appeal was made to the Federal Grants Commission, and Dunstan was awarded more than he had hoped for. In addition to the money received from the Grants Commission, funds were diverted from water-storage schemes in the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Hills" title="Adelaide Hills">Adelaide Hills</a> over the advice of engineers, and cash reserves were withdrawn from the two government-owned banks. The monies were subsequently used to finance health, education and arts schemes.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> On the death in office of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Harrison_(Australian_governor)" title="James Harrison (Australian governor)">Sir James Harrison</a> in 1971, Dunstan finally had the opportunity to put forward a nominee for governor of his own choosing to HM Queen Elizabeth II (and by extension the British Foreign Office<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> which still technically oversaw the appointment process of Australian state governors until the <a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Act 1986</a>): Sir <a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a>, a physicist who had worked on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-w143-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Dunstan had never been happy that governors were usually <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> ex-servicemen and it was a personal goal of his to see an active and notable South Australian take on the role; Sir Mark Oliphant was uneventfully sworn in.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Although the post is mostly ceremonial (with the exception of constitutional responsibilities), Oliphant brought energy to the role and he used his stature to decry damage to the environment caused by deforestation, excessive open-cut mining and pollution.<a href="#cite_note-w153-85">[85]</a> Oliphant's tenure was successful and held in high regard, although he did come into conflict with the premier at times as both men were outspoken and strong-willed.<a href="#cite_note-w143-82">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg/220px-Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg/330px-Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg/440px-Adelaide_festival_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_Centre" title="Adelaide Festival Centre">Adelaide Festival Centre</a>. A 620-seat theatre in the complex is named the "Dunstan Playhouse" in his honour.</figcaption></figure> In 1972, the first major developments in regard to the state's population growth occurred. Adelaide's population was set to increase to 1.3 million<a href="#cite_note-urbanplanning-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> and the MATS plan and water-storage schemes were in planning to accommodate this. These were summarily rejected by the Dunstan Government, which planned to build a new city 83 kilometres from Adelaide, near <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bridge,_South_Australia" title="Murray Bridge, South Australia">Murray Bridge</a>. The city, to be known as <a href="/wiki/Monarto,_South_Australia" title="Monarto, South Australia">Monarto</a>, was to be built on farmland to the west of the existing town. Dunstan was very much against allowing Adelaide's suburbs to further sprawl, and thus Monarto was a major focus of his government.<a href="#cite_note-urbanplanning-86">[86]</a> He argued that the new <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Freeway" title="South Eastern Freeway">South Eastern Freeway</a> would allow a drive of only 45 minutes from Adelaide, that the city was not far from current industry, and that water could be readily supplied from the <a href="/wiki/River_Murray" class="mw-redirect" title="River Murray">River Murray</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The government hoped Adelaide would not sprawl into the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lofty_Ranges" title="Mount Lofty Ranges">Mount Lofty Ranges</a> to the east and that the bureaucracy would be dispersed from the capital. In contrast, public servants feared being forced into the rural settlement. Critics (of whom there were many) derided the project as "Dunstan's Versailles in the bush".<a href="#cite_note-w149-89">[89]</a> Environmental activists aired fears of the effects of Monarto on the River Murray, which was already suffering from pollution and salinity problems. Later on, it was noticed that there was hard bedrock underneath the ground, raising drainage problems.<a href="#cite_note-w149-89">[89]</a> From 1970 to 1973, much legislation passed through the South Australian Parliament. Workers saw increases in welfare,<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> drinking laws were further liberalised, an <a href="/wiki/Ombudsman" title="Ombudsman">Ombudsman</a> was created,<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a> censorship was liberalised,<a href="#cite_note-w145-91">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Seat_belts" class="mw-redirect" title="Seat belts">seat belts</a> were made mandatory,<a href="#cite_note-w143-82">[82]</a> the education system was overhauled,<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> and the public service was gradually increased (doubling in size during the Dunstan era).<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Adelaide's water supply was <a href="/wiki/Fluoridation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluoridation">fluoridated</a> in 1971 and the age of majority was lowered from 21 to 18.<a href="#cite_note-w143-82">[82]</a> A Commissioner of Consumer Affairs was created, a demerit point system was introduced to penalise poor driving practices in an attempt to cut the road toll, and compensation for workers was improved.<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a> Police autonomy and powers were restricted following a rally in opposition to the Vietnam War, which was broken up by police, although Dunstan had wanted the demonstrators to be able to close off the street. A royal commission was called into the police commissioner's disregard for Dunstan's orders, and resulted in legislation giving the government more control over the police; the commissioner then retired.<a href="#cite_note-p8-94">[94]</a> The dress code for the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Adelaide" title="Parliament House, Adelaide">Parliament</a> was relaxed during this period, the suit and tie was no longer seen as obligatory,<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> and Dunstan himself caused media frenzy when he arrived at Parliament House in 1972 wearing pink shorts that ended above his knees. After his departure from public life he admitted that his sartorial statement may have gone beyond the limits.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> Nevertheless, his fashion sense resulted in his being voted "the sexiest political leader in Australia" by <a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Day_(Australian_magazine)" title="Woman's Day (Australian magazine)">Woman's Day</a> in 1975,<a href="#cite_note-c312-6">[6]</a> and the image of Dunstan in the shorts remains widely recognized.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg/220px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg/330px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg/440px-Sir_Mark_Oliphant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mark_Oliphant" title="Mark Oliphant">Mark Oliphant</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">Governor of South Australia</a> to be appointed on Dunstan's recommendation</figcaption></figure> Having played a part in Labor's abandonment of the White Australia Policy at national level, Dunstan was also prominent in promoting <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>. He was well known for his attendance at and patronage of <a href="/wiki/Kernewek_Lowender" title="Kernewek Lowender">Cornish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Australian">Italian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Australian">Greek Australian</a> cultural festivals and his appreciation of Asian art, and sought to build on cultural respect to create trade links with Asia.<a href="#cite_note-w150-95">[95]</a> Dunstan's involvement in such cultural exchanges was also credited with generating strong support for Labor from ethnic and non-Anglo-Saxon immigrant communities,<a href="#cite_note-w150-95">[95]</a> although it was viewed with suspicion by some in the Anglo-Saxon establishment.<a href="#cite_note-w151-96">[96]</a> Dunstan himself later recalled: "When I proposed the establishment of a Cornish Festival, in Australia's 'Little Cornwall', people of Cornish descent came flocking."<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Having been vocal in criticising Playford for sacrificing heritage to the march of development, Dunstan was prominent in protecting historic buildings from being bulldozed for high-rise office blocks. In 1972, the government intervened to purchase and thereby save Edmund Wright House on King William Street from being replaced with a skyscraper. In 1975, the Customs House at <a href="/wiki/Semaphore,_South_Australia" title="Semaphore, South Australia">Semaphore</a> was purchased to save it from demolition.<a href="#cite_note-w152-98">[98]</a> His support of heritage preservation overlapped with his promotion of gourmet dining when his personal efforts helped to save the historic <a href="/wiki/Ayers_House_(Adelaide,_South_Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayers House (Adelaide, South Australia)">Ayers House</a> on North Terrace, having it converted into a restaurant to avoid demolition.<a href="#cite_note-w144-99">[99]</a> In contrast, there were also some controversial developments. Part of the rocky <a href="/wiki/Hallett_Cove,_South_Australia" title="Hallett Cove, South Australia">Hallett Cove</a> on <a href="/wiki/Gulf_St_Vincent" title="Gulf St Vincent">Gulf St Vincent</a> in Adelaide's southern suburbs was developed for housing, as were vineyards in <a href="/wiki/Morphettville,_South_Australia" title="Morphettville, South Australia">Morphettville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tea_Tree_Gully,_South_Australia" title="Tea Tree Gully, South Australia">Tea Tree Gully</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modbury,_South_Australia" title="Modbury, South Australia">Modbury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reynella,_South_Australia" title="Reynella, South Australia">Reynella</a>.<a href="#cite_note-w152-98">[98]</a> This attracted criticism, as Dunstan was prominent in promoting South Australian viticulture and <a href="/wiki/Enotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotourism">enotourism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-w153-85">[85]</a> In pursuit of economic links with the nations of <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South-East Asia">South-East Asia</a>, Dunstan came into contact with the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysian</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a> in 1973. Striking a note with <a href="/wiki/Lim_Chong_Eu" title="Lim Chong Eu">Chong Eu Lim</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Penang" title="Chief Minister of Penang">Chief Minister</a>, Dunstan set about organising cultural and economic engagement between the two states. "Penang Week" was held in Adelaide in July, and in return, "South Australia Week" was held in Penang's capital, <a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Penang" title="George Town, Penang">George Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In the same year, the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_Centre" title="Adelaide Festival Centre">Adelaide Festival Centre</a> was opened – Australia's first multifunction performing arts complex.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Over a six-year period, government funding for the arts was increased by a factor of seven and in 1978, the <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Film_Corporation" title="South Australian Film Corporation">South Australian Film Corporation</a> commenced work. During Dunstan's time in charge, acclaimed films such as <a href="/wiki/Breaker_Morant_(film)" title="Breaker Morant (film)">Breaker Morant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picnic_at_Hanging_Rock_(film)" title="Picnic at Hanging Rock (film)">Picnic at Hanging Rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Storm_Boy_(1976_film)" title="Storm Boy (1976 film)">Storm Boy</a> were made in the state.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Dunstan's support of the arts and fine dining was credited by commentators with attracting artists, craftspeople and writers into the state,<a href="#cite_note-w146-103">[103]</a> helping to change its atmosphere. The <a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="South Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a>, the upper house of Parliament, was, due to its limited <a href="/wiki/Electoral_roll" title="Electoral roll">electoral roll</a>, overwhelmingly non-Labor.<a href="#cite_note-j498-104">[104]</a> Unlike the Lower House, its members were elected only by voters who met certain property and wealth requirements.<a href="#cite_note-j38-105">[105]</a> Combined with the remains of the "<a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a>" malapportionment,<a href="#cite_note-j39-106">[106]</a> it was difficult for the Labor Party to achieve the representation it wished. The Legislative Council either watered down or outright rejected a considerable amount of Labor legislation;<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a> bills to legalise homosexuality, abolish <a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">corporal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> and allow gambling and casinos were rejected.<a href="#cite_note-p7-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-p307-107">[107]</a> A referendum had indicated support for Friday night shopping, but Labor legislation was blocked in the upper house by the LCL.<a href="#cite_note-p8-94">[94]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg/220px-Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg/330px-Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg/440px-Gough_Whitlam_and_Don_Dunstan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="903" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan meeting with Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> in Canberra in 1973</figcaption></figure> Dunstan called an <a href="/wiki/1973_South_Australian_state_election" title="1973 South Australian state election">election for March 1973</a>, hoping to gain a mandate to seek changes to the council.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> The LCL were badly disunited; the more liberal wing of the party under Hall joined Dunstan in wanting to introduce universal suffrage for the upper house, while the more conservative members of the LCL did not. The conservatives then decided to limit Hall's powers, resulting in his resignation and creation of the breakaway <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Australia)" title="Liberal Movement (Australia)">Liberal Movement</a> (LM), which overtly branded itself as a semi-autonomous component within the LCL.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Labor capitalised on the opposition divisions to secure an easy victory. They campaigned under the slogan "South Australia's Doing Well with Labor", while the LCL was hampered by infighting; many LCL candidates were claiming different leaders in their electoral material depending on their factional allegiance.<a href="#cite_note-p9-110">[110]</a> The Labor Party won with 51.5% of the primary vote and secured a second consecutive majority government with 26 seats. It was only the second time a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a second term, the first being the early <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Price_(South_Australia_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Price (South Australia politician)">Thomas Price</a> Labor government. It would be the first five-year-incumbent Labor government however.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> They also gained two more seats in the Legislative Council to have six of the twenty members.<a href="#cite_note-p10-112">[112]</a> Labor entered the new term with momentum when a fortnight after the election, the LCL purged LM members from its ranks, forcing them to either quit the LM or leave the LCL and join the LM as a distinct party.<a href="#cite_note-p10-112">[112]</a> Dunstan saw reform of the Legislative Council as an important goal, and later a prime achievement, of his Government. Labor, as a matter of party policy, wanted to see the Legislative Council abolished.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Dunstan, seeing this as unfeasible in his term, set about to reform it instead. Two bills were prepared for Legislative Council reform; one to lower the voting age to 18 and introduce <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>, and another to make councillors elected from a single statewide electorate under a system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>. The LCL initially blocked both bills, stating that it would accept them only if modifications were made to the second one. Changes were conceded; unlike the House of Assembly, voting would not be compulsory and the preference system was to be slightly altered. Once the amendments were made, the legislation was passed.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> During his second term, Dunstan started efforts to build a petrochemical complex at Redcliff, near <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Augusta, South Australia">Port Augusta</a>. Negotiations were held with several multinational companies, but nothing eventuated.<a href="#cite_note-p10-112">[112]</a> Legislation was passed to create a Land Commission and introduce urban land price controls.<a href="#cite_note-p11-115">[115]</a> However, a bill to create "a right to privacy" was defeated in the upper house after protests from journalists, as was legislation to mandate refunds to consumers for returning beverage containers and therefore promote recycling.<a href="#cite_note-p11-115">[115]</a> In 1975, Dunstan declared Australia's first legal nude bathing reserve.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Election_cartoon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Election_cartoon.jpg/220px-Election_cartoon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Election_cartoon.jpg/330px-Election_cartoon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/26/Election_cartoon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="359" data-file-height="278" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan (far left) distances his government from the Commonwealth. Dunstan to dump Whitlam, a cartoon by Stewart McCrae.</figcaption></figure> Prior to the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_federal_election" title="1975 Australian federal election">1975 federal</a> and <a href="/wiki/1975_South_Australian_state_election" title="1975 South Australian state election">state</a> elections, Australia, and South Australia in particular, had been hit by a series of economic problems. The <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a> had massively increased the cost of living, domestic industry began to erode due to a lack of cost-competitiveness, and government funds were waning. In response, the Dunstan Government sold loss-making railways to the Commonwealth and brought in new taxes to allow wage rises. The changes had unexpected consequences: inflation, already high, increased markedly, and workers were still displeased with wages. The LCL, now known as the Liberal Party, had rebuilt after internal schism and had modernised to make themselves more appealing to the public.<a href="#cite_note-p11-115">[115]</a> Having called an early election, Dunstan appealed to the electorate and pushed blame onto the <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam Government</a> for South Australia's problems. In a television address just days before the election, he said: "My Government is being smeared and it hurts. They want you to think we are to blame for Canberra's mistakes. The vote on Saturday is not for Canberra, not for Australia, but for South Australia."<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Labor remained the largest party in Parliament, but lost the two-party preferred vote at 49.2% and saw its numbers decrease from 26 to 23. The LCL held 20 seats, the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Movement_(Australia)" title="Liberal Movement (Australia)">Liberal Movement</a> two, the <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia_(SA)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Party of Australia (SA)">Country Party</a> one, and the last remaining with an independent, the nominally Labor Mayor of <a href="/wiki/Port_Pirie,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Pirie, South Australia">Port Pirie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ted_Connelly" title="Ted Connelly">Ted Connelly</a>. Dunstan appealed to Connelly and offered him the role of <a href="/wiki/Speaker_(politics)" title="Speaker (politics)">Speaker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-playford115-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-abcresults-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-p3101-119">[119]</a> However, the reforms to the Legislative Council's election bore fruit. Of the 11 seats up for election, Labor won six with 47.3% of the vote, and the LM two, allowing Labor a total of 10 seats. This meant they could now, with the help of the LM, push through reforms opposed by the Liberals.<a href="#cite_note-p12-120">[120]</a> Dunstan continued to try to push through further legislation; he sought to expand on the Hall Government's electoral-boundaries reform,<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> to bring it closer to <a href="/wiki/One_vote_one_value" class="mw-redirect" title="One vote one value">one vote one value</a>. The legislation sought to establish 47 electoral districts containing roughly equal numbers of voters (with a 10% tolerance). Redistributions were to be presided over by an independent boundaries commission. The bill passed with the support of the breakaway LM in the upper house – former Premier Steele Hall and his former Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Robin_Millhouse" title="Robin Millhouse">Robin Millhouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-p13-123">[123]</a> One famous demonstration of Dunstan's charismatic style and media savvy came in January 1976. A psychic predicted that, due to Dunstan and the state's social liberalisation – which he saw as sinful<a href="#cite_note-w141-124">[124]</a> – God would destroy Adelaide with a <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunami</a> caused by an earthquake.<a href="#cite_note-w141-124">[124]</a> This was publicised by the media, prompting a not insignificant number of residents to sell their property and leave; some businesses had clearance sales while many who decided to stay indulged in doomsday parties.<a href="#cite_note-w141-124">[124]</a> Dunstan promised to stand on the seashore at <a href="/wiki/Glenelg,_South_Australia" title="Glenelg, South Australia">Glenelg</a> and wait for the imminent destruction. He did so on 20 January, the day of the predicted storm, and nothing happened, although he made newspaper headlines in the United Kingdom for his defiance.<a href="#cite_note-w141-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In 1976, the Dunstan Government stepped up its legislative efforts. Some bills, such as the one to remove the <a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">sodomy law</a> and decriminalise male homosexuality, had been initially blocked by the Legislative Council.<a href="#cite_note-p11-115">[115]</a> However, the bill to abolish <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">capital punishment</a> passed with ease, and the homosexuality law reforms eventually passed in September.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a> law was properly codified and defined as a crime within marriage for the first time in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Shopping hours, previously the most restrictive in the nation, became the most open.<a href="#cite_note-p13-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Following a royal commission, Friday night shopping was introduced for the city and Thursday night shopping for the suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-p13-123">[123]</a> The deposits on beverage containers was finally passed.<a href="#cite_note-p13-123">[123]</a> The first signs of Monarto's eventual failure began to appear: <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rates</a> started dropping significantly, immigration slowed and the economy was stagnant. South Australia's robust population growth, previously the highest per capita among the states, came to an abrupt halt. However, state money continued to be poured into the Monarto project,<a href="#cite_note-playford115-14">[14]</a> despite the fact that the Whitlam government cut funding to $600,000 in 1975, while his Liberal successor <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a> gave nothing at all the following year. However, by the time Monarto was eventually scrapped after Dunstan's departure, no less than $20 million had been used to buy land, plant trees and formulate development plans,<a href="#cite_note-w149-89">[89]</a> and the failed project is often seen as Dunstan's greatest failure.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> In addition, the federal government removed subsidies for shipbuilding at <a href="/wiki/Whyalla,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Whyalla, South Australia">Whyalla</a>, forcing the operations to be scaled down.<a href="#cite_note-p14-130">[130]</a> After Oliphant's term had expired, Dunstan appointed the first Indigenous Australian Governor,<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Nicholls" title="Douglas Nicholls">Douglas Nicholls</a>, a former football player and clergyman. Following Nicholls' resignation due to ill health in 1977, a second consecutive clergyman took the post, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> <a href="/wiki/Keith_Seaman" title="Keith Seaman">Keith Seaman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-p13-123">[123]</a> However, this appointment was not successful; Seaman became involved in an unspecified scandal and made a statement admitting to a "grave impropriety", without elaborating further. He did not resign and kept a low profile from then on.<a href="#cite_note-w143-82">[82]</a> Dunstan also appointed Dame <a href="/wiki/Roma_Mitchell" title="Roma Mitchell">Roma Mitchell</a> to become the nation's first female Supreme Court judge.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Dunstan broke new ground in Australian politics with his policies on <a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">native title for Aboriginal people</a>. The North West Aboriginal Reserve (NWAR) covered more than 7% of the state's land, and was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitjantjatjara people">Pitjantjatjara people</a>. In 1977, when the NWAR was about to be transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Lands_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Lands Trust">Aboriginal Lands Trust</a>, a tribal delegation asked for the lands to be given to the traditional owners. Dunstan agreed to an investigation, and subsequently introduced the Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Bill.<a href="#cite_note-s503-132">[132]</a> This bill proposed for a tribal body, the Anangu Pitjantjatjaraku, to take control of the NWAR and further lands after the claims were cleared by an independent tribunal. It also proposed to allow the body to decide mining proposals on the land and receive royalties.<a href="#cite_note-s503-132">[132]</a> This aroused discontent among mining interests, but a bipartisan parliamentary committee endorsed the bill and it was tabled. However, Labor lost power before the bill was passed and although the new Liberal government said they would remove the mining restrictions, mass public rallies forced them to relent, and a <a href="/wiki/Pitjantjatjara_Land_Rights_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Act">bill similar to Dunstan's</a> was passed.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The legislation, the bedrock of which was laid by Dunstan, was the most reformist in Australia, and in the 1980s, more than 20% of the land was returned to its <a href="/wiki/Traditional_owners" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional owners">traditional owners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-w151-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Dunstan called another snap election in September at the <a href="/wiki/1977_South_Australian_state_election" title="1977 South Australian state election">1977 election</a>; he hoped to recover from the previous election, the outcome of which had been affected by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_constitutional_crisis_of_1975" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian constitutional crisis of 1975">dismissal of the Federal Labor Government</a>. As the remnants of the Playmander had been abolished, conditions were more favourable for Labor and they wanted to end their reliance on the casting vote of the speaker. The campaign proceeded smoothly and exploited the unpopularity of the federal Liberal government, using the jingle "Thank the Lord for South Australia".<a href="#cite_note-p14-130">[130]</a> Labor won an absolute majority with 51.6% of the primary vote and 27 seats.<a href="#cite_note-abcresults-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-p14-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salisbury_affair_and_departure_from_office">Salisbury affair and departure from office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Salisbury affair and departure from office">edit</a>]</div> Since 1949, there had been a "Special Branch" within the <a href="/wiki/South_Australia_Police" title="South Australia Police">South Australian Police</a>, for the purposes of surveillance and espionage. Conceived in 1939 an "intelligence branch", to maintain surveillance of the large <a href="/wiki/German_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Australian">German Australian</a> community during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> it had amassed information on tens of thousands of individuals and organisations.<a href="#cite_note-p14-130">[130]</a> While such an operation troubled Dunstan and his government because of civil liberties concerns, the branch's apparent party-political bias was even more worrying. In particular, it held information files on Labor parliamentarians, communists, church leaders and trade unionists, and so-called "pink files" on gay community activists which dated from the time before homosexuality was decriminalised.<a href="#cite_note-SSO161105-136">[136]</a> Although only two Labor MPs, from both federal and state parliaments, did not have files, the branch held significantly fewer files relating to Liberal Party figures.<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a> Dunstan had known of the existence of the branch since 1970,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> but said that he had been assured by the police commissioner that its files were not systematically focused on left-wing political figures.<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> However, Peter Ward, a journalist and former Dunstan staffer, published a story about the files.<a href="#cite_note-p14-130">[130]</a> An inquiry was conducted into the Special Branch by Justice White of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_South_Australia" title="Supreme Court of South Australia">Supreme Court of South Australia</a>, and the report was placed in Dunstan's hands on 21 December 1977.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> It said the dossiers did exist and that they were "scandalously inaccurate, irrelevant to security purposes and outrageously unfair to hundreds, perhaps thousands, of loyal and worthy citizens".<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a> The report also noted that the files overwhelmingly focused on left-wing politicians and activists, and that Dunstan had been misled by the Police Commissioner, Harold Salisbury.<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a> After reviewing the findings, Dunstan sacked Salisbury in January and threatened to make the report public.<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a> However, controversy erupted regarding the inquiry and Dunstan's subsequent actions because Salisbury had a reputation as a man of integrity. Ward claimed that Dunstan had known about the true contents of the files for several years. A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Commission">Royal Commission</a> under Justice Mitchell,<a href="#cite_note-p15-137">[137]</a> set up at the instigation of the Liberals, investigated the matter. It cleared the Dunstan Government of any error, and did not find that it had known about the Special Branch's activities earlier.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Dunstan had sacked Salisbury for misleading Parliament about the existence of the "pink files"<a href="#cite_note-Baird2001-142">[142]</a> and many of the Special Branch files were burnt. Salisbury retired to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> with a $160,000 payout. <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Cockburn" title="Stewart Cockburn">Stewart Cockburn</a> wrote a book, The Salisbury Affair, about the debacle.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-p1415-144">[144]</a> There were initially no other major controversies for Dunstan, although the economy remained poor and the Redcliff complex was still in limbo, because an agreement with Dow was still to be finalised. The financial difficulties forced a freeze on public sector expansion and hospital developments, and there were claims of theft and mismanagement in the health system. However, the Liberal opposition was in a disorganised state and unpopular, so they were not able to pressure Dunstan effectively.<a href="#cite_note-p16-145">[145]</a> Towards the end of the year, political and media scrutiny of Dunstan began to grow, and he became uneasy in his dealings with the press. Soon after the Salisbury dismissal, he walked out of a stormy media conference after refusing to be drawn on the rumoured sacking of Seaman from the gubernatorial role.<a href="#cite_note-w155-146">[146]</a> Increasing innuendo about Dunstan's private life, and allegations of corruption and economic mismanagement were worsened by Dunstan's self-righteous tendencies. The premier angrily denied claims that he was using government funds to build an opulent residence in Malaysia, as well as claims about his sexual lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-w156-147">[147]</a> He pre-emptively called a press conference on one occasion to denounce what he called "idiot rumours" and he further claimed that "reactionary forces" and "right-wing journalists" were engaged in a witchhunt against his "decent and responsible government".<a href="#cite_note-w156-147">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DDresign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/DDresign.jpg/220px-DDresign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dc/DDresign.jpg/330px-DDresign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dc/DDresign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan in 1979 announcing his sudden resignation in his pyjamas after collapsing and sleeping for forty hours. It was broadcast live on television, which was unheard of at the time in South Australia.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></figcaption></figure> Dunstan also faced difficulties on policy issues. Factional cracks began to appear in the Labor Party, and the discovery of uranium deposits near the northern outback town of <a href="/wiki/Roxby_Downs,_South_Australia" title="Roxby Downs, South Australia">Roxby Downs</a> put the premier in a bind. Mining the uranium promised to provide a valuable economic boost in difficult times, but a government ban on its mining, on safety grounds, was still in force.<a href="#cite_note-p16-145">[145]</a> Dunstan was opposed to uranium mining but was seen as lacking conviction by environmentalists, and he was also being criticised by industrialists. By May, his approval rating had fallen to 57%, down from 80% just two years earlier, and unemployment was increasing.<a href="#cite_note-w156-147">[147]</a> It was also widely anticipated that a book titled It's Grossly Improper would soon be released, containing embarrassing allegations about Dunstan's private life.<a href="#cite_note-w156-147">[147]</a> Together with <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rann" title="Mike Rann">Mike Rann</a>, his press secretary and speechwriter (and later Premier), who had worked with him in 1978 on a series of speeches on <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights_in_Australia" title="Indigenous land rights in Australia">Aboriginal Land Rights</a>, industrial democracy and women's rights, Dunstan made a uranium fact-finding trip to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> to study safe methods of generating <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> and of nuclear waste disposal.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> By the summer that followed Dunstan became extremely ill.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> When Parliament resumed, he collapsed on the floor of the House and was forced to use a walking stick; his doctor advised him that he required six months of rest to recover. The Liberal Opposition seized on the state of affairs and charged that the Labor Party was "as ailing as the man who led it". In a stage-managed press conference on 15 February 1979, Dunstan announced his retirement as premier from his room in <a href="/wiki/Calvary_North_Adelaide_Hospital" title="Calvary North Adelaide Hospital">Calvary Hospital</a>, clearly shaking and wearing a dressing gown.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The book, It's Grossly Improper, by two Adelaide journalists, Des Ryan and Mike McEwen, was published later that year.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Political scientist Andrew Parkin said one of Dunstan's main achievements was to debunk the notion that state governments and parliaments lacked the ability to make significant changes with profound impacts. As evidence, he cited Dunstan's sweeping social reforms and the fact that many other state governments followed South Australia's lead.<a href="#cite_note-p20-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_after_politics">Life after politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Life after politics">edit</a>]</div> After Dunstan's resignation from Parliament, deputy <a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a> took his place as party leader and Premier. At the subsequent <a href="/wiki/1979_Norwood_state_by-election" title="1979 Norwood state by-election">Norwood by-election</a>, Dunstan's seat was retained by Labor. Corcoran soon called the <a href="/wiki/1979_South_Australian_state_election" title="1979 South Australian state election">1979 election</a>, which left the party with only 19 seats against the Liberals on 25 seats on an 8.4 percent two-party swing against Labor.<a href="#cite_note-abcresults-60">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/David_Tonkin" title="David Tonkin">Tonkin Liberal Government</a> came to power and officially abandoned the Monarto project. Dunstan took a trip to Europe after being released from hospital, staying in <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a> for five months and pursuing Italian studies. He subsequently returned home and lived quietly in Adelaide for three years without finding work that appealed to him, such as that related to the shaping of public policy.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> During this time, he became increasingly disillusioned with South Australian political affairs.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> A book by two Adelaide journalists, It's Grossly Improper, was released in November and sold out within a week. It alleged inappropriate use of government funds and a homosexual affair with a restaurateur, John Ceruto, in return for political favours.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> There was initial fanfare and speculation as to the authenticity of its claims; Dunstan dismissed the book as a "farrago of lies" in his 1981 memoirs, entitled Felicia.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> From May 1980<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> to early 1981 he acted as editor for the magazine <a href="/wiki/POL_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="POL Magazine">POL</a>. In 1982, he moved to the neighbouring state of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, and was appointed the Director of Tourism. This sparked an outcry in South Australia due to the two states' traditional rivalry. For his part, Dunstan said he had yearned to be given a role in shaping and building the future of his native state, but that he had been snubbed for three years. He said that public figures in South Australia had told him his high profile and ability to overshadow others could have caused a loss of face to them, and thus his departure would be seen favourably by them, while Victoria's offer gave him an opportunity to be constructive.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Dunstan was appointed to the Victorian Economic Development Corporation on 12 July 1983, resigning on 23 June 1986.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Dunstan stayed in the Director of Tourism role until 1986, when he returned to Adelaide after falling out with the government of <a href="/wiki/John_Cain_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cain II">John Cain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> His retirement from these positions followed the provocative publication of a photograph of him with Monsignor Porcamadonna, member of the gay community Order of Perpetual Indulgence, taken after he had launched a collection of coming out stories by gay historian Gary Wotherspoon.<a href="#cite_note-Baird2001-142">[142]</a> He was the national president of the Freedom from Hunger Campaign (1982–87), president of the Movement for Democracy in Fiji (from 1987),<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> and national chairman of <a href="/wiki/Community_Aid_Abroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Aid Abroad">Community Aid Abroad</a> (1992–93). Dunstan was an <a href="/wiki/Adjunct_professor" title="Adjunct professor">adjunct professor</a> at the University of Adelaide from 1997 to 1999 and portrayed himself in the 1989 Australian independent film Against the Innocent. In his retirement, Dunstan continued to be a passionate critic of <a href="/wiki/Economic_rationalism" title="Economic rationalism">economic rationalism</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a>, particularly of South Australia's water, gas and <a href="/wiki/Electricity_Trust_of_South_Australia" title="Electricity Trust of South Australia">electricity</a> supplies. During the 1990s he wrote essays for the Adelaide Review magazine strongly criticising the Federal Labor Governments of <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a>, the Federal Liberal Government of <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> and the State Liberal Governments of <a href="/wiki/Dean_Brown" title="Dean Brown">Dean Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Olsen" title="John Olsen">John Olsen</a>. He remained an advocate for <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a> and cultural diversity, often writing about the dangers of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> A year before his death, the ailing Dunstan decried Labor's economic rationalism in front of 5,000 at the Gough Whitlam Lecture.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> Regardless of the acclaim in which he was held during his decade in power, Dunstan was largely overlooked for honours after leaving office and largely ignored by the state's elite. He was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">Companion of the Order of Australia</a> in June 1979,<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> and his former seat of Norwood was renamed <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Dunstan" title="Electoral district of Dunstan">Dunstan</a> after him.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dunstan_Playhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunstan Playhouse">Dunstan Playhouse</a> was later named to honour his contribution to the performing arts.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwood_town_hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norwood_town_hall.jpg/170px-Norwood_town_hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norwood_town_hall.jpg/255px-Norwood_town_hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Norwood_town_hall.jpg/340px-Norwood_town_hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Dunstan is strongly associated with the suburb of Norwood. A memorial in his honour is embedded in the footpath outside the <a href="/wiki/Norwood_Town_Hall" title="Norwood Town Hall">Norwood Town Hall</a> (pictured).</figcaption></figure> Whilst living in Norwood and studying at university, Dunstan met his first wife, Gretel Elsasser, whose Jewish family had fled <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> to Australia. They married in 1949, and moved to Fiji.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> They returned to Adelaide in 1951 and settled in George Street, Norwood, with their young daughter, Bronwen. The family was forced to live in squalor for a number of years while Dunstan established his legal practice; during this time, they took in boarders as a source of extra income.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dunstan,_pp._25–32-12">[12]</a> Gretel later gave birth to two sons, Andrew and Paul.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a> In 1972, Dunstan separated from his wife and moved into a small flat in <a href="/wiki/Kent_Town,_South_Australia" title="Kent Town, South Australia">Kent Town</a>, adjacent to Norwood. The family home was sold as two of the children were already studying in university. In 1974, the couple were finally divorced. Dunstan notes this period as being initially a "very bleak and lonely" time for him.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> In absence of his family, he made new friends and acquaintances. Friends living nearby would come to his apartment for conversation and good food – cooking was Dunstan's hobby. Dunstan bought another house in 1974, partially financed from a then-unpublished cookbook. In 1976, Don Dunstan's Cookbook was published – the first cookbook released by a serving Australian leader.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> More generally, Dunstan promoted a revolution in fine dining in the state.<a href="#cite_note-w144-99">[99]</a> Encouraged by Dunstan's enthusiasm for multiculturalism, many new restaurants were opened by proprietors and the diversity of cuisine increased. He also promoted the <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> industry through his patronage of wine festivals.<a href="#cite_note-w145-91">[91]</a> In 1973, Adele Koh, a Malaysian journalist formerly living in Singapore, was appointed to work for Dunstan. She had been expelled by the Singaporean Government of <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> for criticising its policies. The newspaper she had been working for, the Singapore Herald, was shut down by the government and she then moved to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> The two began a relationship in 1974, and married in 1976 in a small ceremony at Dunstan's residence.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Dunstan was much older than Adele, who was in her 30s.<a href="#cite_note-indep-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> She was diagnosed with advanced <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a> in May 1978, and died in October after Dunstan had cared for her at her bedside for months. Her death seriously affected him and his own health began to suffer.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Although Dunstan never publicly commented on his sexuality, it has been said that he "lived as a sexually liberated bisexual man".<a href="#cite_note-Debelle-173">[173]</a> In 1986, he met his future partner, Steven Cheng, a post-graduate science student then in his twenties.<a href="#cite_note-Cheng-174">[174]</a> Together, they opened a restaurant called "Don's Table" in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-flin-4">[4]</a> He lived with Cheng in their Norwood home for the rest of his life. Cheng nursed Dunstan through lung cancer until his death, and Dunstan bequeathed their home to Cheng for life.<a href="#cite_note-Cheng-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> In 1993, Dunstan was diagnosed with an aggressive <a href="/wiki/Throat_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Throat cancer">throat cancer</a> and then an inoperable <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>, which led to his death on 6 February 1999. Dunstan was not a smoker but was long exposed to <a href="/wiki/Passive_smoking" title="Passive smoking">passive smoking</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> A public memorial service was held on 9 February at the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Festival_Centre" title="Adelaide Festival Centre">Adelaide Festival Centre</a> as a tribute to Dunstan's love of the arts. In attendance were former Labor Prime Ministers <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>, Federal Opposition Leader <a href="/wiki/Kim_Beazley" title="Kim Beazley">Kim Beazley</a>, Premier <a href="/wiki/John_Olsen" title="John Olsen">John Olsen</a>, and State Opposition Leader <a href="/wiki/Mike_Rann" title="Mike Rann">Mike Rann</a>. Thousands more gathered outside the centre in <a href="/wiki/Elder_Park,_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Elder Park, Adelaide">Elder Park</a> along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/River_Torrens" title="River Torrens">River Torrens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> State flags were flown at half-mast and the memorial service was televised live. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> A theatre in the Festival Centre was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Dunstan_Playhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunstan Playhouse">Dunstan Playhouse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electoral_Commission_of_South_Australia" title="Electoral Commission of South Australia">Electoral Commission of South Australia</a>'s 2012 redistribution included renaming the seat of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Norwood" title="Electoral district of Norwood">Norwood</a> to <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Dunstan" title="Electoral district of Dunstan">Dunstan</a> which came into existence as of the <a href="/wiki/2014_South_Australian_state_election" title="2014 South Australian state election">2014 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> In 2014 a biography Don Dunstan Intimacy & Liberty by Dino Hodge, written with the co-operation of Dunstan's family and former lovers, was published.<a href="#cite_note-Debelle-173">[173]</a> In 1988, Dunstan donated a collection of files pertaining to his political, professional and personal life; photographs; press clippings; speeches and press releases; audiovisual material; books from his library; some items of clothing; and other memorabilia to <a href="/wiki/Flinders_University" title="Flinders University">Flinders University</a> Library, where it can be viewed and accessed for research purposes (see <a href="#External_links">External links</a>). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Don_Dunstan_Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Don Dunstan Foundation">edit</a>]</div> The Don Dunstan Foundation was established by Dunstan at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Adelaide" title="University of Adelaide">University of Adelaide</a> in 1999, shortly before his death, to push for progressive change and to honour Dunstan's memory.<a href="#cite_note-abc-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-DFFAbout-180">[180]</a> Dunstan had spent his last months helping to lay the platform for its establishment.<a href="#cite_note-abc-9">[9]</a> At the inauguration of the body Dunstan had said, "What we need is a concentration on the kind of agenda which I followed and I hope that my death will be useful in this."<a href="#cite_note-abc-9">[9]</a> The Foundation aims to represent and advocate for the values of its founder, such as <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a>, fair <a href="/wiki/Distribution_of_wealth" title="Distribution of wealth">distribution of wealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> advocacy, and Indigenous rights in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-DFFAbout-180">[180]</a> Among other initiatives, it runs a series of annual events, such as a conference on <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homelessness</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Public_Administration_Australia" title="Institute of Public Administration Australia">IPAA</a> Don Dunstan Oration, the Hugo Lecture, AdMental, Southgate Oration, and Human Rights Oration.<a href="#cite_note-lodo-181">[181]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lowitja_O%27Donoghue_Oration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration">Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration</a> has been held annually since 2007, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>' past and future in Australian society.<a href="#cite_note-oration-182">[182]</a> It is held each year in <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_Week" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconciliation Week">Reconciliation Week</a>. Orators have been chosen by O'Donoghue,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> until her death in February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-king2024-184">[184]</a> On 3 June 2020, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Lomax-Smith" title="Jane Lomax-Smith">Jane Lomax-Smith</a> was announced as new chair of the organisation, taking over from <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Arnold" title="Lynn Arnold">Lynn Arnold</a>,<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> who had held the position for 10 years and remains on the Board as Director and Patron as of June 2022.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Don_Dunstan_Award">Don Dunstan Award</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Don Dunstan Award">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Award">Don Dunstan Award</a></div> Since its commencement in 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Film_Festival" title="Adelaide Film Festival">Adelaide Film Festival</a> has presented The Don Dunstan Award in recognition of outstanding contribution by an individual to the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australian film industry</a>. Deemed by the Adelaide Film Festival's Board to have "enriched Australian screen culture through their work", its recipients include <a href="/wiki/David_Gulpilil" title="David Gulpilil">David Gulpilil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_de_Heer" title="Rolf de Heer">Rolf de Heer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Hicks_(director)" title="Scott Hicks (director)">Scott Hicks</a>. After receiving the award in 2013, Hicks acknowledged Dunstan's vision for the creation of a film industry in South Australia as being instrumental to his professional development.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adelaidia.history.sa.gov.au/people/donald-allan-dunstan-ac-qc">"Donald Allan Dunstan AC QC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">Government of South Australia</a>. 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Donald+Allan+Dunstan+AC+QC&rft.pub=Government+of+South+Australia&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadelaidia.history.sa.gov.au%2Fpeople%2Fdonald-allan-dunstan-ac-qc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-indep-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-indep_2-9">j</a> <a 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London. 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Retrieved 20 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dunstan.org.au&rft.atitle=About+the+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lodo-181"><a href="#cite_ref-lodo_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/events/">"Events"</a>. Dunstan Foundation. Don Dunstan Foundation. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=Events&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fevents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oration-182"><a href="#cite_ref-oration_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/event-type/lodo-oration/">"Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>. 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Don+Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+Oration&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fevent-type%2Flodo-oration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/events/lodo21/">"Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration 2021: Pat Anderson AO"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Don_Dunstan_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Dunstan Foundation">Don Dunstan Foundation</a>. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601040405/https://www.dunstan.org.au/events/lodo21/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Don+Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue+Oration+2021%3A+Pat+Anderson+AO&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Fevents%2Flodo21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-king2024-184"><a href="#cite_ref-king2024_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2024" class="citation web cs1">King, Jennifer (4 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/04/lowitja-odonoghue-formidable-advocate-for-aboriginal-australians-who-overcame-adversity-and-prejudice">"Lowitja O'Donoghue: formidable advocate for Aboriginal Australians who overcame adversity and prejudice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Retrieved 4 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lowitja+O%27Donoghue%3A+formidable+advocate+for+Aboriginal+Australians+who+overcame+adversity+and+prejudice&rft.date=2024-02-04&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2024%2Ffeb%2F04%2Flowitja-odonoghue-formidable-advocate-for-aboriginal-australians-who-overcame-adversity-and-prejudice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dunstan.org.au/dr-jane-lomax-smith-am-appointed-as-new-chair-of-the-don-dunstan-foundation/">"Dr Jane Lomax-Smith AM appointed as new Chair of the Don Dunstan Foundation"</a>. www.dunstan.org.au. Don Dunstan Foundation. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dunstan.org.au&rft.atitle=Dr+Jane+Lomax-Smith+AM+appointed+as+new+Chair+of+the+Don+Dunstan+Foundation&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdunstan.org.au%2Fdr-jane-lomax-smith-am-appointed-as-new-chair-of-the-don-dunstan-foundation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dunstan.org.au/lynn-arnold/">"The Hon. Rev. Dr Lynn Arnold AO"</a>. Dunstan Foundation. Don Dunstan Foundation. Retrieved 2 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dunstan+Foundation&rft.atitle=The+Hon.+Rev.+Dr+Lynn+Arnold+AO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dunstan.org.au%2Flynn-arnold%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreyev2013" class="citation news cs1">Andreyev, Michaela (11 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202102345/http://blogs.abc.net.au/sa/2013/10/scott-hicks-wins-don-dunstan-award.html">"Scott Hicks wins Don Dunstan Award"</a>. 891 ABC Adelaide. South Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.abc.net.au/sa/2013/10/scott-hicks-wins-don-dunstan-award.htm">the original</a> on 2 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=891+ABC+Adelaide&rft.atitle=Scott+Hicks+wins+Don+Dunstan+Award&rft.date=2013-10-11&rft.aulast=Andreyev&rft.aufirst=Michaela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.abc.net.au%2Fsa%2F2013%2F10%2Fscott-hicks-wins-don-dunstan-award.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlewett,_NealJaensch,_Dean1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Blewett" title="Neal Blewett">Blewett, Neal</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jaensch" title="Dean Jaensch">Jaensch, Dean</a> (1971). Playford to Dunstan: The Politics of Transition. Griffin Press Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7015-1299-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7015-1299-7"><bdi>0-7015-1299-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playford+to+Dunstan%3A+The+Politics+of+Transition&rft.pub=Griffin+Press+Limited&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-7015-1299-7&rft.au=Blewett%2C+Neal&rft.au=Jaensch%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCockburn1991" class="citation book cs1">Cockburn, Stewart (1991). Playford: Benevolent Despot. Axiom Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9594164-4-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9594164-4-7"><bdi>0-9594164-4-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Playford%3A+Benevolent+Despot&rft.pub=Axiom+Publishing&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9594164-4-7&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Stewart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrocker1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Crocker" title="Walter Crocker">Crocker, Walter</a> (1983). Sir Thomas Playford: A Portrait. Melbourne University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-522-84250-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-522-84250-X"><bdi>0-522-84250-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sir+Thomas+Playford%3A+A+Portrait&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-522-84250-X&rft.aulast=Crocker&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham,_Andrew1981" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Andrew (1981). "Industrial Relations". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 163–178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Industrial+Relations&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E163-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Cunningham%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunstan1981" class="citation book cs1">Dunstan, Don (1981). Felicia: The Political Memoirs of Don Dunstan. Griffin Press Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-33815-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-33815-4"><bdi>0-333-33815-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Felicia%3A+The+Political+Memoirs+of+Don+Dunstan&rft.pub=Griffin+Press+Limited&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-333-33815-4&rft.aulast=Dunstan&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hodge, Dino (2014) Don Dunstan : Intimacy & Liberty – a Political Biography. Wakefield Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1743052969" title="Special:BookSources/978-1743052969">978-1743052969</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorne,_Colin1981" class="citation book cs1">Horne, Colin (1981). "The Arts". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 205–220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Arts&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E205-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Horne%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHyams,_Bernard1981" class="citation book cs1">Hyams, Bernard (1981). "Education". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 70–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Education&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Hyams%2C+Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaensch,_Dean1981" class="citation book cs1">Jaensch, Dean (1981). "Electoral Reform". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 220–237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Electoral+Reform&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E220-%3C%2Fspan%3E237&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Jaensch%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaensch,_Dean1986" class="citation book cs1">Jaensch, Dean (1986). "A Chronology of Political Events and Statistics". In <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jaensch" title="Dean Jaensch">Jaensch, Dean</a> (ed.). The Flinders history of South Australia. Political history. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 486–498. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8"><bdi>0-949268-51-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Chronology+of+Political+Events+and+Statistics&rft.btitle=The+Flinders+history+of+South+Australia.+Political+history&rft.place=Netley%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E486-%3C%2Fspan%3E498&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-949268-51-8&rft.au=Jaensch%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaensch,_Dean1997" class="citation book cs1">Jaensch, Dean (1997). "The Liberal Movement and the New LM". In Warhurst, John (ed.). Keeping the Bastards Honest: The Australian Democrats' First Twenty Years. St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. pp. 37–48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86448-420-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-86448-420-9"><bdi>1-86448-420-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Liberal+Movement+and+the+New+LM&rft.btitle=Keeping+the+Bastards+Honest%3A+The+Australian+Democrats%27+First+Twenty+Years&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E37-%3C%2Fspan%3E48&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-86448-420-9&rft.au=Jaensch%2C+Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInglis,_K._S.1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Inglis" title="Ken Inglis">Inglis, K. S.</a> (1961). The Stuart case. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stuart+case&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Inglis%2C+K.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_Helen1981" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Helen (1981). "Equal Opportunity". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 115–126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Equal+Opportunity&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E115-%3C%2Fspan%3E126&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Mills%2C+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkin,_Andrew1981" class="citation book cs1">Parkin, Andrew (1981). "The Dunstan Governments: a Political Synopsis". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 1–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dunstan+Governments%3A+a+Political+Synopsis&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkin,_AndrewPugh,_Cedric1981" class="citation book cs1">Parkin, Andrew; Pugh, Cedric (1981). "Urban Policy and Metropolitan Adelaide". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 91–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Urban+Policy+and+Metropolitan+Adelaide&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Andrew&rft.au=Pugh%2C+Cedric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkin,_Andrew1986" class="citation book cs1">Parkin, Andrew (1986). "Transition, Innovation, Consolidation, Readjustment: The Political History of South Australia Since 1965". In <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jaensch" title="Dean Jaensch">Jaensch, Dean</a> (ed.). The Flinders history of South Australia. Political history. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 292–338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8"><bdi>0-949268-51-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Transition%2C+Innovation%2C+Consolidation%2C+Readjustment%3A+The+Political+History+of+South+Australia+Since+1965&rft.btitle=The+Flinders+history+of+South+Australia.+Political+history&rft.place=Netley%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E292-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-949268-51-8&rft.au=Parkin%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan1979" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Des (1979). It's Grossly Improper. WENAN. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9595162-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9595162-0-4"><bdi>0-9595162-0-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+Grossly+Improper&rft.pub=WENAN&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-9595162-0-4&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Des&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpoehr2000" class="citation book cs1">Spoehr, John (2000). Don Dunstan: Politics and Passion. Bookends Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876725-18-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-876725-18-4"><bdi>1-876725-18-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Dunstan%3A+Politics+and+Passion&rft.pub=Bookends+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-876725-18-4&rft.aulast=Spoehr&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes,_GeoffCox,_Richard1981" class="citation book cs1">Stokes, Geoff; Cox, Richard (1981). "The ALP and the Politics of Consensus". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 256–280. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+ALP+and+the+Politics+of+Consensus&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E256-%3C%2Fspan%3E280&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Stokes%2C+Geoff&rft.au=Cox%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers,_John1986" class="citation book cs1">Summers, John (1986). "Aborigines and Government in the Twentieth Century". In Richard, Eric (ed.). The Flinders history of South Australia. Social history. Netley, South Australia: Wakefield Press. pp. 488–512. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-949268-51-8"><bdi>0-949268-51-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aborigines+and+Government+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.btitle=The+Flinders+history+of+South+Australia.+Social+history&rft.place=Netley%2C+South+Australia&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E488-%3C%2Fspan%3E512&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-949268-51-8&rft.au=Summers%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarhurst,_Andrew1981" class="citation book cs1">Warhurst, Andrew (1981). "The Public Service". In Parkin, Andrew; Patience, Allan (eds.). The Dunstan decade : social democracy at the state level. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire. pp. 179–204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-71466-4"><bdi>0-582-71466-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Public+Service&rft.btitle=The+Dunstan+decade+%3A+social+democracy+at+the+state+level&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E204&rft.pub=Longman+Cheshire&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-582-71466-4&rft.au=Warhurst%2C+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeeles1978" class="citation book cs1">Yeeles, Richard (1978). Don Dunstan: The first 25 years in Parliament. Hill of Content Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85572-099-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85572-099-9"><bdi>0-85572-099-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Dunstan%3A+The+first+25+years+in+Parliament&rft.pub=Hill+of+Content+Publishing&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-85572-099-9&rft.aulast=Yeeles&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitelock,_Derek2000" class="citation book cs1">Whitelock, Derek (2000). Adelaide : a sense of difference. Kew, Victoria: Arcadia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875606-57-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-875606-57-2"><bdi>1-875606-57-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adelaide+%3A+a+sense+of+difference&rft.place=Kew%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-875606-57-2&rft.au=Whitelock%2C+Derek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoollacott2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angela_Woollacott" title="Angela Woollacott">Woollacott, Angela</a> (2019). Don Dunstan : the visionary politician who changed Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1760631819" title="Special:BookSources/978-1760631819"><bdi>978-1760631819</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1101565874">1101565874</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Don+Dunstan+%3A+the+visionary+politician+who+changed+Australia.&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1101565874&rft.isbn=978-1760631819&rft.aulast=Woollacott&rft.aufirst=Angela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Dunstan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="{{{ref}}}" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.sa.gov.au/Search/Member?type=member&id=2602">"Dunstan, Don"</a>. Former members of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia" title="Parliament of South Australia">Parliament of South Australia</a>. Retrieved 19 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Former+members+of+the+Parliament+of+South+Australia&rft.atitle=Dunstan%2C+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.sa.gov.au%2FSearch%2FMember%3Ftype%3Dmember%26id%3D2602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADon+Dunstan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dunstan.org.au">Don Dunstan Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.flinders.edu.au/accessing-collections/special/dunstan-collection">Dunstan Collection, Flinders University Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/features/obits/dunstan/default.htm">Don Dunstan ABC News Obituary</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Australia" title="Parliament of South Australia">Parliament of South Australia</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Moir" title="Roy Moir">Roy Moir</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Norwood" title="Electoral district of Norwood">Norwood</a> 1953–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Crafter" title="Greg Crafter">Greg Crafter</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Rowe_(politician)" title="Colin Rowe (politician)">Colin Rowe</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_South_Australia" title="Attorney-General of South Australia">Attorney-General of South Australia</a> 1965–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Millhouse" title="Robin Millhouse">Robin Millhouse</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_South_Australia" title="Treasurer of South Australia">Treasurer of South Australia</a> 1967–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Glen_Pearson_(Australian_politician)" title="Glen Pearson (Australian politician)">Glen Pearson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premier of South Australia</a> 1967–1968 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(South_Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (South Australia)">Leader of the Opposition of South Australia</a> 1968–1970 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall_(Australian_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steele Hall (Australian politician)">Steele Hall</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premier of South Australia</a> 1970–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_South_Australia" title="Treasurer of South Australia">Treasurer of South Australia</a> 1970–1979 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lyell_McEwin" title="Lyell McEwin">Lyell McEwin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Father of the Parliament of South Australia 1975–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ren_DeGaris" title="Ren DeGaris">Ren DeGaris</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Len_King" title="Len King">Len King</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_of_South_Australia" title="Attorney-General of South Australia">Attorney-General of South Australia</a> 1975 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Duncan_(Australian_politician)" title="Peter Duncan (Australian politician)">Peter Duncan</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Frank Walsh</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(South_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch)">Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch)</a> 1967–1979 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Des Corcoran</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Premiers_of_South_Australia" title="Template:Premiers of South Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Premiers_of_South_Australia" title="Template talk:Premiers of South Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Premiers_of_South_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Premiers of South Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premiers_of_South_Australia58" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Premier_of_South_Australia" title="Premier of South Australia">Premiers of South Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Finniss" title="B. T. Finniss">Finniss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baker_(Australian_politician)" title="John Baker (Australian politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richard_Torrens" title="Robert Richard Torrens">Torrens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hanson_(Australian_politician)" title="Richard Hanson (Australian politician)">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reynolds_(Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Reynolds (Australian politician)">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Waterhouse_(politician)" title="George Waterhouse (politician)">Waterhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dutton" title="Francis Dutton">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ayers" title="Henry Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blyth" title="Arthur Blyth">Blyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Dutton" title="Francis Dutton">Dutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ayers" title="Henry Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(South_Australian_colonist)" title="John Hart (South Australian colonist)">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boucaut" title="James Boucaut">Boucaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ayers" title="Henry Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(South_Australian_colonist)" title="John Hart (South Australian colonist)">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ayers" title="Henry Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Strangways" title="Henry Strangways">Strangways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(South_Australian_colonist)" title="John Hart (South Australian colonist)">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blyth" title="Arthur Blyth">Blyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ayers" title="Henry Ayers">Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Blyth" title="Arthur Blyth">Blyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boucaut" title="James Boucaut">Boucaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colton_(politician)" title="John Colton (politician)">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Boucaut" title="James Boucaut">Boucaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(South_Australian_politician)" title="William Morgan (South Australian politician)">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cox_Bray" title="John Cox Bray">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Colton_(politician)" title="John Colton (politician)">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Downer" title="John Downer">Downer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_II" title="Thomas Playford II">Playford II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cockburn_(Australian_politician)" title="John Cockburn (Australian politician)">Cockburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_II" title="Thomas Playford II">Playford II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holder" title="Frederick Holder">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Downer" title="John Downer">Downer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingston" title="Charles Kingston">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiben_Louis_Solomon" title="Vaiben Louis Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Holder" title="Frederick Holder">Holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jenkins_(Australian_politician)" title="John Jenkins (Australian politician)">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Butler_(Australian_politician)" title="Richard Butler (Australian politician)">R. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Price_(South_Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Price (South Australian politician)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Peake" title="Archibald Peake">Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Verran" title="John Verran">Verran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Peake" title="Archibald Peake">Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Vaughan" title="Crawford Vaughan">Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Peake" title="Archibald Peake">Peake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Barwell" title="Henry Barwell">Barwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gunn_(Australian_politician)" title="John Gunn (Australian politician)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hill" title="Lionel Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Layton_Butler" title="Richard Layton Butler">R. L. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hill" title="Lionel Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richards_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert Richards (Australian politician)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Layton_Butler" title="Richard Layton Butler">R. L. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Playford_IV" title="Thomas Playford IV">Playford IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_Hall" title="Steele Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Corcoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Tonkin" title="David Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bannon" title="John Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Arnold" title="Lynn Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Brown" title="Dean Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olsen" title="John Olsen">Olsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Kerin" title="Rob Kerin">Kerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rann" title="Mike Rann">Rann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Weatherill" title="Jay Weatherill">Weatherill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Marshall" title="Steven Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Malinauskas" title="Peter Malinauskas">Malinauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of South Australia"><img alt="Flag of South Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/80px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/120px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/160px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Australian_Labor_Party60" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party_(SA_division)" title="Template:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party (SA division)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party_(SA_division)" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party (SA division)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Australian_Labor_Party_(SA_division)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party (SA division)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="South_Australian_Labor_Party60" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/South_Australian_Labor_Party" title="South Australian Labor Party">South Australian Labor Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McPherson" title="John McPherson">McPherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Batchelor" title="Lee Batchelor">Batchelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Price_(South_Australian_politician)" title="Thomas Price (South Australian politician)">Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Verran" title="John Verran">Verran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_Vaughan" title="Crawford Vaughan">Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kirkpatrick_(politician)" title="Andrew Kirkpatrick (politician)">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gunn_(Australian_politician)" title="John Gunn (Australian politician)">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel_Hill" title="Lionel Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Dawes" title="Edgar Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lacey" title="Andrew Lacey">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richards_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert Richards (Australian politician)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_O%27Halloran" title="Mick O'Halloran">O'Halloran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Corcoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bannon" title="John Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Arnold" title="Lynn Arnold">Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rann" title="Mike Rann">Rann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Weatherill" title="Jay Weatherill">Weatherill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Malinauskas" title="Peter Malinauskas">Malinauskas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Richards_(Australian_politician)" title="Robert Richards (Australian politician)">Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lacey" title="Andrew Lacey">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_O%27Halloran" title="Mick O'Halloran">O'Halloran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Walsh" title="Frank Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Hutchens" title="Cyril Hutchens">Hutchens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Corcoran" title="Des Corcoran">Corcoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hudson_(politician)" title="Hugh Hudson (politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Wright_(politician)" title="Jack Wright (politician)">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Hopgood" title="Don Hopgood">Hopgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Blevins" title="Frank Blevins">Blevins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Rann" title="Mike Rann">Rann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Clarke_(Australian_politician)" title="Ralph Clarke (Australian politician)">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Hurley" title="Annette Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Foley_(South_Australian_politician)" title="Kevin Foley (South Australian politician)">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rau" title="John Rau">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Close" title="Susan Close">Close</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verran_ministry" title="Verran ministry">Verran ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_ministry" title="Vaughan ministry">Vaughan ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weatherill_ministry" title="Weatherill ministry">Weatherill ministry</a></li> <li>Malinauskas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_ministry_of_Peter_Malinauskas" title="Shadow ministry of Peter Malinauskas">Shadow ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malinauskas_ministry" title="Malinauskas ministry">ministry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515924#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1139" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515924#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1139" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515924#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000008297647X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110025587">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/87622/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdcvpdwTRDHrQgpKc6kDq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1139134116">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82024892">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/630867">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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