Courses 2024-25 | Caltech Academic Catalog

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flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/student-employment/"> Student Employment </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/financial-aid-when-studying-abroadaway/"> Financial Aid When Studying Abroad/Away </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/other-resources/"> Other Resources </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/financial-aid-disbursement/"> Financial Aid Disbursement </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/satisfactory-academic-progress-sap/"> 颅颅Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/class-level-for-financial-aid-purposes/"> Class Level for Financial Aid Purposes </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/financial-aid/part-time-enrollment-underloads/"> Part-Time Enrollment (Underloads) </a> </div> </li></ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item d-flex flex-column menu-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/prizes-and-awards/"> Prizes and Awards </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item d-flex flex-column menu-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/"> Graduation Requirements, All Options </a> <button type="button" class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="sidebar-menu-block-44693" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <img class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__submenu-control chevron-orange" alt="" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-chevron-orange.png"> <img class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__submenu-control chevron-white" alt="" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-chevron-white.png"> <span class="sr-only">Open Graduation Requirements, All Options submenu</span> </button> </div> <ul class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4 dropdown-menu dropdown-submenu " id="sidebar-menu-block-44693" aria-label="Graduation Requirements, All Options submenu" tabindex="-1"> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/core-institute-requirements-all-options/"> Core Institute Requirements, All Options </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/typical-first-year-course-schedule-all-options/"> Typical First-Year Course Schedule, All Options </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/other-first-year-courses/"> Other First-Year Courses </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/aerospace-minor-ae/"> Aerospace Minor (Ae) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/applied-and-computational-mathematics-acm/"> Applied and Computational Mathematics Option (ACM) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/applied-physics-aph/"> Applied Physics Option (APh) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/astrophysics-option-and-minor-ay/"> Astrophysics Option and Minor (Ay) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/bioengineering-option-be/"> Bioengineering Option (BE) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/biology-option-bi/"> Biology Option and Minor (Bi) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/business-economics-and-management-option-bem/"> Business, Economics, and Management Option (BEM) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/chemical-engineering-option-che/"> Chemical Engineering Option and Minor (ChE) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/chemistry-option-and-minor-ch/"> 颅Chemistry Option and Minor (Ch) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/computation-and-neural-systems-option-cns/"> Computation and Neural Systems Option (CNS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/computer-science-option-and-minor-cs/"> Computer Science Option and Minor (CS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/control-and-dynamical-systems-minor/"> Control and Dynamical Systems Minor (CDS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/economics-option-ec/"> Economics Option (Ec) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/electrical-engineering-option-ee/"> Electrical Engineering Option (EE) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/engineering-and-applied-science-option-eas/"> Engineering and Applied Science Option (EAS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/english-option-and-minor-en/"> English Option and Minor (En) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/environmental-science-and-engineering-option-and-minor-ese/"> Environmental Science and Engineering Option and Minor (ESE) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/geological-and-planetary-sciences-gps-geology-geobiology-geochemistry-geophysics-planetary-science/"> Geological and Planetary Sciences Option (GPS) (Geology, Geobiology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Planetary Science) and Minor </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/history-option-and-minor-h/"> History Option and Minor (H) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/history-and-philosophy-of-science-option-and-minor-hps/"> History and Philosophy of Science Option And Minor (HPS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/information-and-data-sciences-ids/"> Information and Data Sciences Option and Minor (IDS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/interdisciplinary-studies-program-isp/"> Interdisciplinary Studies Program Option (ISP) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/materials-science-option-ms/"> Materials Science Option (MS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/mathematics-option-ma/"> Mathematics Option and Minor (Ma) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/mechanical-engineering-option-me/"> Mechanical Engineering Option (ME) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/neurobiology-minor-nb/"> Neurobiology Minor (NB) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/philosophy-option-and-minor-pi/"> Philosophy Option and Minor (Pl) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/physics-option-ph/"> Physics Option (Ph) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/political-science-option-ps/"> Political Science Option (PS) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/robotics-minor-ro/"> Robotics Minor (Ro) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/structural-mechanics-minor-sm/"> Structural Mechanics Minor (SM) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-undergraduate-students/graduation-requirements-all-options/visual-culture-minor-vc/"> Visual Culture Minor (VC) </a> </div> </li></ul> </li></ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__item d-flex flex-column menu-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/"> Information for Graduate Students </a> <button type="button" class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__opener dropdown-toggle dropdown-toggle-split" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-controls="sidebar-menu-block-44729" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <img class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__submenu-control chevron-orange" alt="" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-chevron-orange.png"> <img class="sidebar-menu-block__level-2__submenu-control chevron-white" alt="" src="/static/wagtail_menu/img/icon-chevron-white.png"> <span class="sr-only">Open Information for Graduate Students submenu</span> </button> </div> <ul class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3 dropdown-menu dropdown-submenu " 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class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/graduate-residence/"> Graduate Residence </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/registration/"> Registration </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/graduate-student-leaves-of-absence/"> Graduate Student Leaves of Absence </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/guidelines-for-graduate-student-advising/"> Guidelines for Graduate Student Advising </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/part-time-programs/"> Part-Time Programs </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/responsible-conduct-of-research/"> Responsible Conduct of Research </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/conflict-of-interest-and-commitment-of-graduate-students/"> Conflict of Interest and Commitment Of Graduate Students </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/graduate-policies-and-procedures/working-at-special-laboratories/"> Working at Special Laboratories </a> </div> </li> <li 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href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/special-regulations-for-graduate-options/biochemistry-and-molecular-biophysics-bmb/"> Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics (BMB) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/special-regulations-for-graduate-options/bioengineering-be/"> Bioengineering (BE) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/information-for-graduate-students/special-regulations-for-graduate-options/biology-bi/"> Biology (Bi) </a> </div> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__item d-flex flex-column dropdown-item"> <div 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class="sidebar-menu-block__level-4__link" href="/current/trustees-administration-faculty/staff-of-instruction-and-research/jet-propulsion-laboratory/"> Jet Propulsion Laboratory </a> </div> </li></ul> </li> <li class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item d-flex flex-column menu-item"> <div class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__item__wrapper d-flex align-items-center "> <a class="sidebar-menu-block__level-3__link" href="/current/trustees-administration-faculty/officers-and-faculty/"> Faculty </a> </div> </li></ul> </li></ul> </div> </nav> </div> </section> </aside> <div class="left-sidebar-block__content grid-item col-sm-8 pb-5 pb-sm-0 js-sidebar-content"> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-1"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 1 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> The Evolving Universe </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-1-5)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> Introduction to modern astronomy that will illustrate the accomplishments, techniques, and scientific methodology of contemporary astronomy. The course will be organized around a set of basic questions, showing how our answers have changed in response to fresh observational discoveries. Topics to be discussed will include telescopes, stars, planets, the search for life elsewhere in the universe, supernovae, pulsars, black holes, galaxies and their active nuclei, and Big Bang cosmology. A field trip to Palomar Observatory will be organized. Not offered on a pass/fail basis. </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Mawet </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="fsay-3"> <div class="course-description2__label"> FS/Ay 3 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> First-Year Seminar: Automating Discovering the Universe </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">6 units (2-0-4)</span> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item"></span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Powerful new instruments enable astronomers to collect huge volumes of data on billions of objects. As a result, astronomy is changing dramatically: by the end of this decade, most astronomers will probably be analyzing data collected in large surveys, and only a few will still be visiting observatories to collect their own data. The tool chest of future astronomers will involve facility with "big data", developing clever queries, algorithms (some based on machine learning) and statistics, and combining multiple databases. This course will introduce students to some of these tools. After "recovering" known objects, students will be unleashed to make their own astronomical discoveries in new data sets. Limited enrollment. Not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-11-c"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 11 c </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Introduction to Earth and Planetary Sciences: Planetary Sciences </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ma 1 ab, Ph 1 ab.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> A broad introduction to the present state and early history of the solar system, including terrestrial planets, giant planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and rings. Earth-based observations, observations by planetary spacecraft, study of meteorites, and observations of extrasolar planets are used to constrain models of the dynamical and chemical processes of planetary systems. Although Ge 11 abcd is designed as a sequence, any one term may be taken as a standalone course. Physicists and astronomers are particularly welcome. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Brown </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-20"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 20 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Basic Astronomy and the Galaxy </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-1-5)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ma 1 abc and Ph 1 abc, or instructor's permission.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> The electromagnetic spectrum and basic radiative transfer; ground and space observing techniques; basic astrophysical optics; Kepler's laws; binary stars and exoplanets; stellar masses, distances, and motions; the birth, structure, evolution, and death of stars; the structure and dynamics of the Galaxy. Lessons will emphasize the use of order-of-magnitude calculations and scaling arguments in order to elucidate the physics of astrophysical phenomena. Short labs will introduce astronomical measurement techniques. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Hillenbrand </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-21"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 21 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Galaxies and Cosmology </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ma 1 abc, Ph 1 abc or instructor's permission.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Cosmological models and parameters, extragalactic distance scale, cosmological tests; constituents of the universe, dark matter, and dark energy; thermal history of the universe, cosmic nucleosynthesis, recombination, and cosmic microwave background; formation and evolution of structure in the universe; galaxy clusters, large-scale structure and its evolution; galaxies, their properties and fundamental correlations; formation and evolution of galaxies, deep surveys; star formation history of the universe; quasars and other active galactic nuclei, and their evolution; structure and evolution of the intergalactic medium; diffuse extragalactic backgrounds; the first stars, galaxies, and the reionization era. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Djorgovski </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-30"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 30 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Introduction to Modern Research </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">3 units (2-0-1)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Weekly seminar open to declared Ay majors. At the discretion of the instructor, nonmajors who have taken astronomy courses may be admitted. Course is intended for sophomores and juniors. This seminar is held in faculty homes in the evening and is designed to encourage student communication skills as they are introduced to faculty members and their research. Each week a student will review a popular-level article in astronomy for the class. Graded pass/fail. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Howard </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-31"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 31 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Writing in Astronomy </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">3 units (1-0-2)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> This course is intended to provide practical experience in the types of writing expected of professional astronomers. Example styles include research proposals, topical reviews, professional journal manuscripts, and articles for popular magazines such as Astronomy or Sky and Telescope. Each student will adopt one of these formats in consultation with the course instructor and write an original piece. An outline and several drafts reviewed by both a faculty mentor familiar with the topic and the course instructor are required. This course is most suitable for juniors and seniors. Fulfills the Institute scientific writing requirement. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Mawet </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-43"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 43 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Reading in Astronomy and Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">Units in accordance with work accomplished, not to exceed 3</span> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item"></span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Course is intended for students with a definite independent reading plan or who attend regular (biweekly) research and literature discussion groups. Instructor's permission required. Graded pass/fail. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Staff </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-78-abc"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 78 abc </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Senior Thesis </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units</span> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item"></span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: To register, student must obtain approval of the astronomy option representative and the prospective thesis adviser.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Previous SURF or independent study work can be useful experience. Course open to senior astronomy majors only. Research must be supervised by a faculty member. Students wishing assistance in finding an adviser and/or a topic for a senior thesis are invited to consult with the astronomy option representative. The student will work with an adviser to formulate a research project, conduct original research, present new results, and evaluate them in the context of previously published work in the field. In the first term, the student should be fully engaged in, and make significant progress on, the research project. In the second term, the research continues and an outline of the thesis itself should be reviewed with the adviser and the option representative. In the third term, research work is completed and the focus should turn to thesis writing. A written thesis of 20-100 pages must be completed and approved by the adviser and the option representative before the end of third term. The student and advisor should maintain good communication regarding the scope, content, draft due dates, and final copy of the thesis. First two terms are graded pass/fail, with grades updated at the end of the course to the appropriate letter grade for all three terms. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Staff </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-101"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 101 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Physics of Stars </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 20 is recommended.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Physics of stellar interiors and stellar atmospheres. Stellar structure including nucleosynthesis in the cores of stars and energy transport. Stellar evolution. Fundamental properties of stars. The H-R diagram. Stellar spectra, radiative transfer, and spectral line formation. Additional topics may include: stellar oscillations, rotation, mass loss, binary evolution. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Fuller </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-102"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 102 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Physics of the Interstellar Medium </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 20 is recommended.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> An introduction to observations of the interstellar medium and relevant physical processes. Phases of the gaseous interstellar medium. Thermal balance in neutral and ionized gas. Molecular gas and star formation. Structure and hydrodynamic evolution of ionized regions associated with massive stars; supernovae. Global models for the interstellar medium. Interstellar and circumstellar dust. </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Phinney </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="ayph-104"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay/Ph 104 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Relativistic Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 1, Ph 2 ab.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> This course is designed primarily for junior and senior undergraduates in astrophysics and physics. It covers the physics of black holes and neutron stars, including accretion, particle acceleration and gravitational waves, as well as their observable consequences: (neutron stars) pulsars, magnetars, X-ray binaries, gamma-ray bursts; (black holes) X-ray transients, tidal disruption and quasars/active galaxies and sources of gravitational waves. Not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-105"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 105 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Optical Astronomy Instrumentation Lab </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (1-5-3)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 20.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> An opportunity for astronomy and physics undergraduates (juniors and seniors) to gain firsthand experience with the basic instrumentation tools of modern optical and infrared astronomy. The 10 weekly lab experiments include radiometry measurements, geometrical optics, polarization, optical aberrations, spectroscopy, CCD characterization, vacuum and cryogenic technology, infrared detector technology, adaptive optics (wavefront sensors, deformable mirrors, closed loop control) and a coronography tutorial. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Hallinan </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ayge-107"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay/Ge 107 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Introduction to Astronomical Observation </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">12 units (2-2-8)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: CS 1 or equivalent coding experience recommended.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> This hands-on, project-based course covers the design, proposal, and execution of astronomical observations, the basics of data reduction and analysis, and interacting with astronomical survey catalogs. The scope of the course includes imaging and spectroscopic observational techniques at optical and infrared wavelengths. The format centers on projects and practical skills but also includes a lecture and problem set component to establish the theoretical underpinnings of the practical work. Specific course components include: (a) Students will learn to use small, portable telescopes and find and image objects of interest using finder charts; (b) Students will build basic data reduction pipelines for imaging and spectroscopy data to understand how these types of data are used to derive scientific results; (c) Students will use Palomar Observatory to propose and execute their own research projects focused on astrophysical or planetary topics; (d) Students will query and work with data from on-line archives and catalogs. The class meets twice a week during the daytime plus one weekly evening telescope session, and has a required field trip to Palomar Observatory. Students interested in enrolling should review the logistical information on this page and ensure their schedule allows attendance of all course components prior to registering: https://dekleer.caltech.edu/ayge107. Enrollment is limited. </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Hillenbrand, de Kleer </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-111-abc"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 111 abc </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Introduction to Current Astrophysics Research </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">1 unit (1-0-0)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first, second terms</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> This course is intended primarily for first-year Ay graduate students, although participation is open and encouraged. Students are required to attend seminar-style lectures given by astrophysics faculty members and other researchers. The intent of the course is for students to gain an understanding of the breadth of astrophysics research that is conducted at Caltech, and to learn about potential research opportunities, as well as different career paths in astronomy. Credit is also given for attending the weekly astronomy colloquia. At the end of each term, students are required to summarize in oral or written form (at the discretion of the instructor), one of the covered subjects that drew their interest. Part c not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> El-Badry, Djorgovksi </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-117"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 117 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Bayesian Statistics and Data Analysis </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: CS 1 or equivalent.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> In modern fields of planetary science and astronomy, vast quantities of data are often available to researchers. The challenge is converting this information into meaningful knowledge about the universe. The primary focus of this course is the development of a broad and general tool set that can be applied to the student's own research. We will use case studies from the astrophysical and planetary science literature as our guide as we learn about common pitfalls, explore strategies for data analysis, understand how to select the best model for the task at hand, and learn the importance of properly quantifying and reporting the level of confidence in one's conclusions. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Knutson </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-119"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 119 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Astroinformatics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">6 units (3-0-3)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> This class is an introduction to the data science skills from the applied computer science, statistics, and information technology, that are needed for a modern research in any data-intensive field, but with a special focus on the astronomical applications. Open to graduate and upper-division on undergraduate students in all options. The topics covered include best programming practices, supervised and unsupervised machine learning, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, databases, Bayesian statistics, time series analysis, deep learning, data visualization, and possibly other topics. The class will feature real-world examples from cutting-edge projects in which the instructors are involved. </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Djorgovski, Graham, Mahabal, Lombeyda </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-121"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 121 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Radiative Processes </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 106 bc, Ph 125 or equivalent (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> The interaction of radiation with matter: radiative transfer, emission, and absorption. Compton processes, coherent emission processes, synchrotron radiation, collisional excitation, spectroscopy of atoms and molecules. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Kulkarni </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-122-abc"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 122 abc </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Astronomical Measurements and Instrumentation </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first, second terms</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 106 bc or equivalent.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Measurement and signal analysis techniques throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Courses may include lab work and field trips to Caltech observatories. Ay 122 a concentrates on infrared, optical, and ultraviolet techniques: telescopes, optics, detectors, photometry, spectroscopy, active/adaptive optics, coronography. Imaging devices and image processing. Ay 122 b concentrates on radio through submillimeter techniques: antennae, receivers, mixers, and amplifiers. Interferometers and aperture synthesis arrays. Signal analysis techniques and probability and statistics, as relevant to astronomical measurement. Ay 122 c concentrates on X-ray through gamma-ray techniques. Part c not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Howard, Steidel, Hallinan, Kulkarni </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-123"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 123 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Structure and Evolution of Stars </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 101; Ph 125 or equivalent (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Thermodynamics, equation of state, convection, opacity, radiative transfer, stellar atmospheres, nuclear reactions, and stellar models. Evolution of low- and high-mass stars, supernovae, and binary stars. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> El-Badry </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-124"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 124 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Structure and Evolution of Galaxies </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 21; Ph 106 or equivalent (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Stellar dynamics and properties of galaxies; instabilities; spiral and barred galaxies; tidal dynamics and galaxy mergers; stellar composition, masses, kinematics, and structure of galaxies; galactic archeology; galactic star formation; feedback from stars and super-massive black holes; circum-galactic medium. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Hopkins, El-Badry </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-125"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 125 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> High-Energy Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 106 and Ph 125 or equivalent (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> High-energy astrophysics, the final stages of stellar evolution; supernovae, binary stars, accretion disks, pulsars; extragalactic radio sources; active galactic nuclei; black holes. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Kasliwal </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-126"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 126 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Interstellar and Intergalactic Medium </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 102 (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Physical processes in the interstellar medium. Ionization, thermal and dynamic balance of interstellar medium, molecular clouds, hydrodynamics, magnetic fields, H II regions, supernova remnants, star formation, global structure of interstellar medium. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Ravi </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-127"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 127 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Astrophysical Cosmology </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 21; Ph 106 or equivalent (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Cosmology; extragalactic distance determinations; relativistic cosmological models; thermal history of the universe; nucleosynthesis; microwave background fluctuations; large-scale structure; inter-galactic medium; cosmological tests; galaxy formation and clustering. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Steidel </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-132"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 132 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Atomic and Molecular Processes in Astronomy and Planetary Sciences </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: instructor's permission.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Fundamental aspects of atomic and molecular spectra that enable one to infer physical conditions in astronomical, planetary, and terrestrial environments. Topics will include the structure and spectra of atoms, molecules, and solids; transition probabilities; photoionization and recombination; collisional processes; gas-phase chemical reactions; and isotopic fractionation. Each topic will be illustrated with applications in astronomy and planetary sciences, ranging from planetary atmospheres and dense interstellar clouds to the early universe. Given in alternate years; offered 2024-25. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Blake </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-133"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 133 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Review current theoretical ideas and observations pertaining to the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Topics to be covered include low-mass star formation, the protoplanetary disk, accretion and condensation in the solar nebula, the formation of gas giants, meteorites, the outer solar system, giant impacts, extrasolar planetary systems. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Batygin </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-137"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 137 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Planetary Physics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 106 abc, ACM 95/100 ab.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> A quantitative review of dynamical processes that characterize long-term evolution of planetary systems. An understanding of orbit-orbit resonances, spin-orbit resonances, secular exchange of angular momentum and the onset of chaos will be developed within the framework of Hamiltonian perturbation theory. Additionally, dissipative effects associated with tidal and planet-disk interactions will be considered. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Batygin </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-141-abc"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 141 abc </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Research Conference in Astronomy </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">2 units (1-0-1)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first, second, third terms</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Oral reports on current research in astronomy, providing students an opportunity for practice in the organization and presentation of technical material. A minimum of two presentations will be expected from each student each year. In addition, students are encouraged to participate in a public-level representation of the same material for posting to an outreach website. This course fulfills the option communication requirement and is required of all astronomy graduate students who have passed their qualifying exam. It is also recommended for astronomy seniors; non-seniors can attend but cannot take the course for credit. Graded pass/fail. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Steidel, Kasliwal, Hopkins </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-142"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 142 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">Units in accordance with work accomplished</span> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item"></span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> The student should consult a member of the department and have a definite program of research outlined. Approval by the student's adviser must be obtained before registering. 36 units of Ay 142 or Ay 143 required for candidacy for graduate students. Graded pass/fail. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-143"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 143 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Reading and Independent Study </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">Units in accordance with work accomplished</span> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item"></span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> The student should consult a member of the department and have a definite program of reading and independent study outlined. Approval by the student's adviser must be obtained before registering. 36 units of Ay 142 or Ay 143 required for candidacy for graduate students. Graded pass/fail. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-144"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 144 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Independent Writing in Astronomy </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">3 units (0-0-3)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">offered every term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 142.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> This course is intended to be taken by students conducting minor study in the Ay option, subsequent to a term of Ay 142 (Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics), or by students who have completed a SURF with an astronomy faculty member and are writing it up for publication. Students should sign up in the section of the faculty member who supervised the research project. Course requirements are (at minimum) bi-weekly meetings with the research adviser and preparation of a 5-20 page write-up of the work in the style of one of the major journals, such as ApJ/AJ or Science/Nature. This course is required as part of the Ay minor. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Staff </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="geay-159"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ge/Ay 159 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Astrobiology </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> We approach the age-old questions "Why are we here?" and "Are we alone?" by covering topics in cosmology, the origins of life, planetary habitability, the detection of biosignatures, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, and humanity's future in space. Specific topics include: the emergence of life at hydrothermal vents; the habitable zone and the Gaia hypothesis; the search for ancient habitable environments on Mars; icy satellites like Europa, Enceladus, and Titan as astrobiological prospects; and the hunt for atmospheric biosignatures on exoplanets. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Yung </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ay-190"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 190 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Computational Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ph 20-22 (undergraduates).</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Introduction to essential numerical analysis and computational methods in astrophysics and astrophysical data analysis. Basic numerical methods and techniques; N-body simulations; fluid dynamics (SPH/grid-based); MHD; radiation transport; reaction networks; data analysis methods; numerical relativity. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructors:</span> Hopkins, Most </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 " id="ayge-198"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay/Ge 198 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Special Topics in the Planetary Sciences </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">6 units (2-0-4)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Topic for 2024-25 is Extrasolar Planets. Thousands of planets have been identified in orbit around other stars. Astronomers are now embarking on understanding the statistics of extrasolar planet populations and characterizing individual systems in detail, namely star-planet, planet-planet and planet-disk dynamical interactions, physical parameters of planets and their composition, weather phenomena, etc. Direct and indirect detection techniques are now completing the big picture of extra-solar planetary systems in all of their natural diversity. The seminar-style course will review the state of the art in exoplanet science, take up case studies, detail current and future instrument needs, and anticipate findings. </p> </div> <div class="course-description2__instructors course-description2__general-text"> <span class="course-description2__instructors__label font-weight-bold">Instructor:</span> Howard </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="ay-211"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 211 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Contemporary Extragalactic Astronomy </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">first term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 123, Ay 124, and Ay 127.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Topics in extragalactic astronomy and cosmology, including observational probes of dark matter and dark energy; cosmological backgrounds and primordial element abundances; galaxy formation and evolution, including assembly histories, feedback and environmental effects; physics of the intergalactic medium; the role of active galactic nuclei; galactic structure and stellar populations; future facilities and their likely impact in the field. Not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="ay-215"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 215 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Seminar in Theoretical Astrophysics </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Course for graduate students and seniors in astronomy. Topic for 2022-23 will be compact binaries containing white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes. Formation, mass transfer, accretion, X-ray and pulsar binaries, magnetic and wind interactions, mergers, gravitational waves. Students will be required to lead some discussions; homework will consist exclusively of reading and working through selected papers in preparation for discussions. Not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="ay-218"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 218 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Extrasolar Planets </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">third term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> Not offered 2024-25. </div> </div> <div class="course-description2 course-description2--not-offered" id="ay-219"> <div class="course-description2__label"> Ay 219 </div> <h2 class="course-description2__title"> Elements in the Universe and Galactic Chemical Evolution </h2> <div class="course-description2__units-and-terms"> <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">9 units (3-0-6)</span>   |  <span class="course-description2__units-and-terms__item">second term</span> </div> <div class="course-description2__prerequisites">Prerequisites: Ay 121, 123, 124, 126.</div> <div class="course-description2__description course-description2__general-text"> <p> Survey of the formation of the elements in the universe as a function of cosmic time. Review of the determination of abundances in stars, meteorites, H II regions, and in interstellar and intergalactic gas. Overview of models of galactic chemical evolution. Participants will measure elemental abundances from the Keck spectrum of a star and construct their own numerical chemical evolution models. Not offered 2024-25. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-published-at"> Published Date: Aug. 8, 2024 </div> </main> <footer class="footer-container"> <div class="footer d-flex flex-column flex-wrap flex-sm-row justify-content-sm-between"> <div class="footer__torch-box"></div> <img alt="Caltech Torch" class="footer__torch" src="/static/theme7/img/flame.png"> <div class="footer__left"> <img alt="Caltech Logo" class="footer__left__caltech-wordmark" src="/static/theme7/img/caltech-new-logo.png"> <div class="footer__left__caltech-title">California Institute of Technology</div> </div> <div class="footer__right"> <img class="footer__right__map-marker" src="/static/theme7/img/icon-footerpin.png" alt="map marker"> <div class="footer__right__contact-info-row">1200 East California Boulevard</div> <div class="footer__right__contact-info-row">Pasadena, California 91125</div> </div> <nav class="footer__menu w-100 d-flex flex-wrap justify-content-center" aria-label="Footer"> <a class="footer__menu__link" href="https://www.caltech.edu/privacy-notice">Privacy Notice</a> <span class="footer__menu__link">Site content Copyright @ 2025</span> <a class="footer__menu__link footer__menu__link--login" href="/admin/login/">Log In</a> </nav> </div> </footer> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/anchor-js@5.0.0/anchor.min.js" integrity="sha256-aQmOEF2ZD4NM/xt4hthzREIo/2PFkOX/g01WjxEV7Ys=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script> anchors.options = { visible: 'touch', titleText: 'Right-click here and choose "Copy Link" to get a link to this part of the page.', } anchors.add(); </script> </body> </html>

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Courses 2024-25 | Caltech Academic Catalog