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searchaux" style="display:none">American diplomat</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Roger D. Carstens</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_D._Carstens_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Roger_D._Carstens_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1750" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Special_Envoy_for_Hostage_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs">Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />March 1, 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._O%27Brien" title="Robert C. O'Brien">Robert C. O'Brien</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Roger Dean Carstens</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)" title="St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)">St. John's College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6336" data-file-height="4992" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US-O5_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/15px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/23px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/US-O5_insignia.svg/30px-US-O5_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="524" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">Lieutenant Colonel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">United States Army Special Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roger Dean Carstens</b> is an American diplomat and retired United States Army Special Forces <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonel</a>. Carstens has served as the <a href="/wiki/Special_Envoy_for_Hostage_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs">special presidential envoy for hostage affairs</a> since 2020. </p><p>Raised in Spokane, Washington, Carstens graduated from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point, New York</a>, where he was class president for the Class of 1986. After graduation, he went on to attend United States Army <a href="/wiki/Ranger_School" title="Ranger School">Ranger School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carstens served as a special forces military officer for much of his time in the Army. He also served as a legislative liaison at the Department of Defense and for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a>. </p><p>Carstens has served two U.S. Presidents at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. He was the deputy assistant secretary in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor in the Trump administration. He has served as the special presidential envoy for hostage affairs since 2020. Carstens was one of the few political appointees that President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> elected to keep in place.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During his work as the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Carstens has negotiated the release of over a dozen Americans wrongfully detained or held hostage abroad including <a href="/wiki/Brittney_Griner" title="Brittney Griner">Brittney Griner</a>, Philip Walton, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Reed" class="mw-redirect" title="Trevor Reed">Trevor Reed</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danny_Fenster" title="Danny Fenster">Danny Fenster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baquer_Namazi" title="Baquer Namazi">Baquer Namazi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Citgo_Six" title="Citgo Six">Citgo Six</a>, Osman Khan, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_John_Heath" title="Matthew John Heath">Matthew John Heath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Frerichs" title="Mark Frerichs">Mark Frerichs</a>, and Jorge Alberto Fernández. Carstens has attended events with and supported the <a href="/wiki/Bring_Our_Families_Home" title="Bring Our Families Home">Bring Our Families Home</a> campaign. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roger Carstens grew up in <a href="/wiki/Spokane,_Washington" title="Spokane, Washington">Spokane, Washington</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/University_High_School_(Washington)" title="University High School (Washington)">University High School (Washington)</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carstens went on to earn a Bachelor of Science degree in diplomatic and strategic history from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Military_Academy" title="United States Military Academy">United States Military Academy</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-USMA_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USMA-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carstens was class president at West Point and <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became interested in joining the military after reading about injustices around the world including the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carstens later earned a Master of Arts degree in national security and strategic studies from the <a href="/wiki/Naval_War_College" title="Naval War College">Naval War College</a> in 2002 and a Master of Arts in liberal arts from <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)" title="St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)">St. John's College</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-learn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_(51142103298).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg/220px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg/330px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg/440px-Deputy_Secretary_Sherman_Meets_with_Special_Envoy_Carstens_%2851142103298%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9190" data-file-height="6127" /></a><figcaption>Carstens meets with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Deputy Secretary of State">Deputy Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Sherman" title="Wendy Sherman">Wendy R. Sherman</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> in Washington, D.C., on April 26, 2021.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Army">United States Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During his time with the Army, Carstens earned the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army Special Forces. Carstens served in six different operations/wars: <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Panama" title="United States invasion of Panama">United States invasion of Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-learn_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-learn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thirteen different military locations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1990s, Carstens trained for years to conduct rescue operations as a special forces officer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carstens served as Company Commander of the Special Forces Qualification Course at the U.S. Army's Special Forces School.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also acted as an advisor to the Iraqi National Counter Terror Force and a senior civilian advisor to the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>. After completing a tour in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, he served as a legislative liaison for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daniel Pinéu, a professor at <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_University_College" title="Amsterdam University College">Amsterdam University College</a>, wrote that Carstens is the embodiment of the phrase "an officer and a gentleman."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fellowships">Fellowships</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fellowships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2003, Carstens was selected as a finalist for the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Fellows" title="White House Fellows">White House Fellows</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After leaving the military, Carstens was a Senior Fellow for the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_a_New_American_Security" title="Center for a New American Security">Center for a New American Security</a>. He has also worked as a fellow for the <a href="/wiki/New_America_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="New America Foundation">New America Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commander's_Advisory_and_Assistance_Team"><span id="Commander.27s_Advisory_and_Assistance_Team"></span>Commander's Advisory and Assistance Team</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commander's Advisory and Assistance Team"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens served as Senior Civilian Advisor on the Commander's Advisory and Assistance Team in Afghanistan from 2009 to 2011. He advised on counterinsurgency. General <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a> praised Carstens for his work.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="INGOs[clarification_needed]"><span id="INGOs.5Bclarification_needed.5D"></span>INGOs<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: INGOs[clarification needed]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens helped train local <a href="/wiki/Somali_National_Army" title="Somali National Army">Somali National Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">African Union Mission to Somalia</a> security forces in <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a> through his work with <a href="/wiki/Bancroft_Global_Development" title="Bancroft Global Development">Bancroft Global Development</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also worked for an NGO that delivered humanitarian aid from Jordan into southern Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bureau_of_Democracy,_Human_Rights,_and_Labor"><span id="Bureau_of_Democracy.2C_Human_Rights.2C_and_Labor"></span>Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens previously served as the deputy assistant secretary in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. In 2019, Carstens condemned the human rights crisis occurring in Nicaragua.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also advocated, among other things, to protect the human rights of women in Syria in the midst of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_Presidential_Envoy_for_Hostage_Affairs">Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> appointed Carstens as the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has prioritized building infrastructure in the hostage recovery process.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jason_Rezaian" title="Jason Rezaian">Jason Rezaian</a>, a journalist and former wrongful detainee in Iran, wrote an op-ed asking President Biden to keep Carstens in his position.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carstens was one of the few political appointees that President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> elected to keep in place.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chalfant_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chalfant-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Family members of Americans held hostage told <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a> that Carstens has been a "relentless advocate" for hostages and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2021 report by the <a href="/wiki/James_Foley_(journalist)" title="James Foley (journalist)">James Foley</a> Foundation, family members praised Carstens's dedication: "Ambassador Carstens made himself available to us saying if we need anything that we could call or email him at any time. There have been times where we’ve had to call and ask for help. It's much better … [we] feel like he's really there for the families.”<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carstens supported <a href="/wiki/President_Biden" class="mw-redirect" title="President Biden">President Biden</a>'s executive order that seeks to help American's unlawfully detained abroad and prevent such wrongful detentions.<sup id="cite_ref-Chalfant_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chalfant-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told NPR "I think overall the sanction tool is going to offer a chance to deter people in the long term when they see it being used. But whether it's going to specifically be the spring that gets Brittney Griner, Paul Whelan free—that is yet to be seen."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Afghanistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, Carstens negotiated the release of <a href="/wiki/Mark_Frerichs" title="Mark Frerichs">Mark Frerichs</a> as a part of a prisoner exchange for <a href="/wiki/Bashir_Noorzai" title="Bashir Noorzai">Bashir Noorzai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost.com_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Iran">Iran</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens has engaged in indirect conversations with Iranian officials to secure the release of Americans being held by the Iranian government.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Myanmar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2021, Carstens, along with former New Mexico governor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a>, assisted in the release of American journalist <a href="/wiki/Danny_Fenster" title="Danny Fenster">Danny Fenster</a>. Carstens appeared on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a> to discuss his involvement in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jpost.com_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost.com-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nigeria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens assisted in the <a href="/wiki/2020_Nigeria_hostage_rescue" title="2020 Nigeria hostage rescue">2020 Nigeria hostage rescue</a> mission of Philip Walton.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walton had been kidnapped from his home in Southern Niger by an armed group and taken to Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2022, Carstens negotiated the release of <a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Trevor_Reed" title="Arrest of Trevor Reed">Trevor Reed</a> as part of a prisoner exchange for Konstantin Yaroshenko, a Russian pilot convicted of drug smuggling.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Biden praised Carstens for his work to secure the release of Reed.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also worked to secure the release of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Whelan" title="Paul Whelan">Paul Whelan</a> and <a href="/wiki/WNBA" class="mw-redirect" title="WNBA">WNBA</a> star <a href="/wiki/Brittney_Griner" title="Brittney Griner">Brittney Griner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-english.alarabiya.net_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.alarabiya.net-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was involved in the negotiations and coordination that resulted in the 2024 prisoner swap between Russia and the United States. <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Syria">Syria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Syria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens travelled to Syria during the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first presidency of Donald Trump</a> to try to negotiate for the release of <a href="/wiki/Austin_Tice" title="Austin Tice">Austin Tice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Majd_Kamalmaz" title="Majd Kamalmaz">Majd Kamalmaz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-english.alarabiya.net_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-english.alarabiya.net-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Syrian government continues to deny holding Tice.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens has helped negotiate the release of nine Americans from Venezuela during his time as the head of hostage affairs. In March 2022, he negotiated the release of Gustavo Cárdenas, a member of the Citgo Six and also American Jorge Alberto Fernández.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2022, Carstens negotiated a prisoner exchange that resulted in the release of seven Americans, including the remaining five of the <a href="/wiki/Citgo_Six" title="Citgo Six">Citgo Six</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_John_Heath" title="Matthew John Heath">Matthew John Heath</a>, and Osman Khan.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (October 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> Carstens also helped negotiate the release of ten additional Americans in December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_Projects">Media Projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media Projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carstens appeared in <i>The</i> <i>Project</i>, a documentary film that documents Carstens's works as a contracted military advisor<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to support the Somali people in their efforts to combat the rise of piracy off the coast of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carstens was featured in NBC's <i>The</i> <i>Wanted</i> as an expert in counterterrorism.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Cooling the Streets: Institutional Reforms in Iraq's Ministry of Interior</i> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Changing the Culture of Pentagon Contracting</i> (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/two-women-make-history-passing-armys-elite-ranger-school-n411506">"Two Women Make History by Passing Army's Elite Ranger School"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. 18 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Two+Women+Make+History+by+Passing+Army%27s+Elite+Ranger+School&rft.date=2015-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Ftwo-women-make-history-passing-armys-elite-ranger-school-n411506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/he-helped-trump-bring-american-hostages-home-now-hes-working-for-biden-100015181.html">"He helped Trump bring American hostages home. Now he's working for Biden"</a>. <i>news.yahoo.com</i>. 13 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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U.S. Government Printing Office. 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-086535-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-086535-0"><bdi>978-0-16-086535-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Special+Operations+Command%3A+Challenges+and+Opportunities%3A+Hearing+Before+the+Terrorism%2C+Unconventional+Threats+and+Capabilities+Subcommittee+of+the+Committee+on+Armed+Services%2C+House+of+Representatives%2C+One+Hundred+Eleventh+Congress%2C+First+Session%2C+Hearing+Held+March+3%2C+2009&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-16-086535-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH51HAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3Droger%2Bcarstens%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBabbin2004" class="citation book cs1">Babbin, Jed L. 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Regnery Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-088-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-088-8"><bdi>978-0-89526-088-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Asylum%3A+Why+the+UN+and+Old+Europe+are+Worse+Than+You+Think&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.isbn=978-0-89526-088-8&rft.aulast=Babbin&rft.aufirst=Jed+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgKZpQmOfBHwC%26dq%3Droger%2Bcarstens%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/biographies/roger-d-carstens/">"Roger D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=In+%27The+Project%2C%27+the+Stormy+Battle+to+Take+On+Somali+Pirates&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft.aulast=Lake&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2013%2F04%2F22%2Fin-the-project-the-stormy-battle-to-take-on-somali-pirates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonherald.com/2009/07/27/counterterrorism-expert-finds-job-he-always-wanted-on-nbc/">"Counterterrorism expert finds job he always 'Wanted' on NBC"</a>. <i>Boston Herald</i>. 27 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=Counterterrorism+expert+finds+job+he+always+%27Wanted%27+on+NBC&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2F2009%2F07%2F27%2Fcounterterrorism-expert-finds-job-he-always-wanted-on-nbc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historynet.com/nbc-news-the-wanted-an-interview-with-roger-d-carstens/">"NBC News' The Wanted - An Interview with Roger D. Carstens"</a>. <i>HistoryNet</i>. 13 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HistoryNet&rft.atitle=NBC+News%27+The+Wanted+-+An+Interview+with+Roger+D.+Carstens&rft.date=2009-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fnbc-news-the-wanted-an-interview-with-roger-d-carstens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherman2008" class="citation book cs1">Sherman, Matt (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=53d4zgEACAAJ"><i>Cooling the Streets: Institutional Reforms in Iraq's Ministry of Interior</i></a>. Institute for the Theory and Practice of International Relations at The College of William and Mary.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cooling+the+Streets%3A+Institutional+Reforms+in+Iraq%27s+Ministry+of+Interior&rft.pub=Institute+for+the+Theory+and+Practice+of+International+Relations+at+The+College+of+William+and+Mary&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sherman&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D53d4zgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarstens2008" class="citation book cs1">Carstens, Roger D. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=god6zgEACAAJ"><i>Changing the Culture of Pentagon Contracting</i></a>. New America Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+the+Culture+of+Pentagon+Contracting&rft.pub=New+America+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Carstens&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgod6zgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoger+D.+Carstens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&oldid=1256019276">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roger_D._Carstens&oldid=1256019276</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Military_Academy_alumni" title="Category:United States Military Academy alumni">United States Military Academy alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naval_War_College_alumni" title="Category:Naval War College alumni">Naval War College alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)_alumni" title="Category:St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni">St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe) alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Special_Envoys" title="Category:United States Special Envoys">United States Special Envoys</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Department_of_State_officials" title="Category:United States Department of State officials">United States Department of State officials</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trump_administration_personnel" title="Category:Trump administration personnel">Trump administration personnel</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2023">Use dmy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_August_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from October 2022">Articles with failed verification from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_missing_(living_people)" title="Category:Year of birth missing (living people)">Year of birth missing (living people)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 20:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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