CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135b0e82a02f8d0',cH: 'mrcBUpnKHazXFe.ny4unnaoTVreQxjWqjjUHF4AKbUM-1739794402-1.2.1.1-ldLXFsRdBbFBox2dI7Ucp_xnpT5kzWe3XWOPMxhrRvq92wSlElzRxlmcGhdvLWKa',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=stakeholder&__cf_chl_tk=uVxNG3Jau3WBcC3guIQ5Vp39Nf.s95rp3dlbcrIn1vs-1739794402-1.0.1.1-W3qqH0YO7t5Ln3TRq6TBuHKQvDz.aCvSG.Rewtl2uRo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739794402',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=stakeholder&__cf_chl_f_tk=uVxNG3Jau3WBcC3guIQ5Vp39Nf.s95rp3dlbcrIn1vs-1739794402-1.0.1.1-W3qqH0YO7t5Ln3TRq6TBuHKQvDz.aCvSG.Rewtl2uRo",md: "pTgG9b4IDAD6kBTEy7yX19hWFsHhM4F5G87XbLHJuQA-1739794402-1.2.1.1-J053afkGZNxgceXTYBahgweEzHnnCfRaps8o2DuV1zcrWPeq26rCFlZp.o4W1X5eHEMOl9AOwMAuKeBysDTVyX8v3QK5gQgIhBr78f5OUS7L.bV9Ld652yYsfV9OiVYhA0o71Y7uKIZ7udTQXv4YlLg81NhTwYbwxjGdNptoor.MAPeWzTfF5G5G.qsyLxlptInuo4iKo6fQbCqECinkE1CK.haOO.Kt.z4oIzwQzKldP3o3t7TsgSmLm0L8VUkIEkBtTGpgNbX1l4Gd1qQqlU3kZtf4q4Xqt6GDxDvuvkecKTq6NBImRDhd83LEPNpSVtGTkUpN3PHPLuGwOw4HRUhJB.sM4wPvJbKTg40Pxw6CUJVQ9UyKsSB4PHeg5F8gh6qGJPQdj6LHlEmhFEOzQDCGq4xOc9ye3epdAG_xXXkRhghh_2m1bTTqV87VGNgJOIEgoJ9z.vFkHgTssc5pkZKxtOGFmfKc4g_W1jLicQks7s4Qe3NtuJOZHWL_i20lXA3ockkJT6mSl9N63RdCVeRm3HcPkA3t_t1sAla6KsweTWpi9Ca9XYp1gvxmy6KrMiHEmuWTFcsK.mUXlyjPRfPZW2bBJzD2cY688JkotwfLgqMvKZv8Q0jZOvGHirCcIugjhiJiGVrN2yzojHsoSlrw16kB6PZrx_akOZQbzET_iJ6OXvWtMrOKNehiLbV8gsPqXUpdxT4BsG_8iKjT8v_WCugM4tQ5xSlaBXxWBqYjqqofEIqQHtQpDR.n_MEHk5CazsEoHN86HqVJEvZjEZ5oyx2KxCtrFPI5uVAw83By2eHWFIkfuMY3.akhOPLNeW3IC7GcgheYHTOfxV2A.Ne5gX2h5Rb.IsblYqSr_nOkeq8v0sGK7m90uonqj3lXR2ZQlXU4oZRIjFWJDge8d._a1oe_PThZhA_lMvAFkQKu.gDjf2mAxRHbqhUB6WEGZ3XpZeRKKUMUHdIn7lW1Bd61BZXxuZ6C1wC4adsWC3btp08AayYw2run4BHhQgUr7SuxiFW9f_CVskfUz6_VYdsfvbtc7FiAiqWmHKgU6CFOJZHaCyXuZQ_WbXCgjCDu.Haodr2paUzPGhrpyAAAPEvdii8rOBpJ.nK56dDzAQrxeRICP0c1NKfec0yOBltL.11MguZNtMx3yEHqGF3f2buiDUPC240eU9MqhQST_nttfS1RisXR3aZ_sH8RIjRLuPj.NiiFzhvVaceTZtS6PfTxBGXa7jWudRfd2RQWL65Ps0OAQDgZvXYMUTsqtaKDSodxoWwMOLTKZKkif1A5HgHOXI7JX9t.nupEyqQRnhuduijPrW2Su8Rv4XV33kDajrzi1zGQ7U9HdRWQCMzM7Gu7EqFhrli3_3h2XElY6kfzkvpR8oRqVjvE8XgBusJRn.krBnD2u8mcpUzi8hKtiRb9I.EGWzrOxxhWhpipNkRQFrYKOsMJTALksRPwXRt_a.y2q1KzrJ7hq9_TeYwmTrgi1CvQvjFkIzYCKCh63cmHawkRb1m57X.Bz8mmaKpCVWJuW9Xexm1RH.cyYYclwhFAPeX63j_vqOHlj59hhkFqbHthuQ_UFoH33tF3Kdt7CRe92IrTFrCXobvIV_IVMK9J9taj.9Bga8aE3mzVENClpRF63aN4XRlGFtpFBt3DF7ts3qCZcL0qvKvpP2A87qKwnccxAYDKLcscqVzdC9Zh498bAru7Lwet39bZQJAxhTXhIY9hOolb1TcMkQNgWod_h0_TYtHhaRzUZbYyu4Ian5JEFzRbk5uzVErpNGLgj9gS65y0AesiR2o0vPZmjGMjjlOCSidlXB_E0U3ZA707eIqpiTxYIIRM135XPMLRqFxzCtKx0Tp1bkeK.3vHKA0eSDFMBpMkI84yhtb2XGjLoEyiaHf.Ff1SlmTgBzgeAJiAX7oxI84UGwb06SNUfw",mdrd: "W1gOKIzkseLnfSOQmg3JDeaCzpGlCCFf072I3jRQNd8-1739794402-1.2.1.1-8qnrycLQpZ0hHd0EdOU1pPk61wvZpRZR7sEo0w6YPBUf4P054y5giwVq2WlgzAjKjpaZ0FR6gpbjbX4XO_fUsQcKTMk02E5ldEIPBBF3HLiYkQx3WCeoL.fsTCSE2Ql50Z8CD_czknijH0AShdsH0PRFYJpj_bx9q6McNGD08g._nD_RvSTr5F9qXUzz8pa8A4WWUNtJ3DRzY8fHmTbAxJFRhWQB.gOorYn.a66RNuXkctWhp7aY0R9riRL9iqtdas8r.AAnxmjYQxVyqJ_NXUdwnknexaP9sWASjbDvijUITIU8UyLd6I_Ls4mJKSF2wThoLlWtRo7QOlFkb2FvQzNDOwM.WG76FUIkQpB2yoytn62skwlI08wvwNcv7okpsT5WaxiNirSKf.ewl67ZQmArt6f07EEtVys7SuDDsVtTwKnZdEeIQMuTiGjh.Jn_V93tHkPMNGAV0yMo9B2NsATqGtHGsLOH4nQOdhbowd.2ZlenXNSIRBRfEMigfW.2d8W7hWOjLmB0nC_aEbIzaHjAOpMD8gud8ldekEKesoii2CuvDnXZVLwRerMHjOhsuHUyXIEL452lQ7HadSKlefqG7LgARHMYCgWnwL2xrV7pbOt2BXl1TPXATdEvX0ATzVJVOjzkB.iLY39hunLHMM6qjrOc9xLlTm7ABQPgQyx5fmBU7qgcc8Wl6Oy4aa7tfw8f6nMH_Bmmc9kMCF.AaJ8n7XcQB2Ib1E.mcSDMs7mTl7wxsVst3Lv4VeL_.UJ9TF8FnWo72z5c23y7S1SG8QhFdT6ljx2JGzkp3De6O0uorbUtcEFWE35rBxCFC5yjQB7VUvdAdiUqBBotLcSyLq0Cz6sg2eYGDJTPPRCIlok.7CWbDxjz8_yrdrXcpwA7G5lhsiCSwT5DSIDtLDpYnLM6I6VjEgIks1mPwhwwEWYHv_SZVnRRnS_kBRfzjRJqQ6ziHXtpuSVer8H8zBx7slpE.I7ScGaOSWFjwc7LdZtXHD_CCnnIAeOKtKBT8T47TVcAFwy71DyFMhRdKZLKynG6VKbUOEnSHPjVyN8.k3soZLZtLAPPtjbjDDaWnMCfMUUzCAsEuhlGBwKXAAyBKp2TrdoaHWxh21gEZWq1W01okRYz9ScP.v54dswaVX26XeXbxKRaQ2z7WADOUOh.9bW87QhhrlnWKbtF6MdTR4Hg0._adq5Tn4j7D_INbFAbrXp.r4n5IcTkrtnQgrA8nV8jYWVFnwU36leTxOIgGGX2fB2jWEKnBj05pZGyn.0wtdAk4kcBKiSDjnhyaamoO_2BmrqZS2a2dzHGISS4BAU6UO7av05gAE4v1EOeNToXoTZ8nUjH0XDFU4NhDFWDrU8M9IoyT_xpe0IarDLso4n2C5IfRMJNxObSL8a35bU.9vLvvTmwhqFfj_3ax2roUYFlb77CqWFKmUogN6PYlVsI3os1RpPJS02_8tbFJy0n3usmtC.hrfKmQkeUZDeR_hysLqajDmqr1XzZJkvmNVtgzwwLQ3uGrUwADnLyJw28ZQL5O5GfagcAExmbupxEsFWbVPKfJjWY10DG2cEWGtBPmd5Fd6TJe.obe1TCZ8cppOgFOCjbsZ9A2C9bnhu7aShl6a0hMszgCcJhOcXiv2wrYebxRqPc5.7ydWNhB2tD_T6G4HmB9ATi_VFhtduRJZaoXRnc3lrxhx8epgq7PkYo3sdj5RgtVmbElQYUP8EvIM5me9IhOPEVpMgee27cN_eyT1x4yVWx1YB31IEKadSVBln30mRcVmUsoL24Hj_8JE.9_DibiYnIvvTaagzelRpG.8kebM._P9GTDpYlIim276UTPpKSO02oH6oRKtNYPydzwjl.Iowgm.onpECe8cK2TdxDfn83vGIYLgp2zbifRkysSSagzub9vvySPdttS0do9ffCLckLnjC3wU0ZmJIH4whnPMOld8XXli97234UpZ44EmiUcFqNwHAton7dKneDt.OZW8q902SlrWQoVw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135b0e82a02f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=stakeholder&__cf_chl_rt_tk=uVxNG3Jau3WBcC3guIQ5Vp39Nf.s95rp3dlbcrIn1vs-1739794402-1.0.1.1-W3qqH0YO7t5Ln3TRq6TBuHKQvDz.aCvSG.Rewtl2uRo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>