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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> 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data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Windows Speech Recognition" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B2" title="بازشناسی گفتار ویندوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازشناسی گفتار ویندوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reconnaissance_vocale_de_Windows" title="Reconnaissance vocale de Windows – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Reconnaissance vocale de Windows" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%88%EB%8F%84%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9D%8C%EC%84%B1_%EC%9D%B8%EC%8B%9D" title="윈도우 음성 인식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윈도우 음성 인식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Windows Speech Recognition" data-language-autonym="Simple English" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Speech recognition software</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Windows Speech Recognition</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Windows_Vista_Speech_Recognition_Tutorial.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Windows_Vista_Speech_Recognition_Tutorial.PNG/300px-Windows_Vista_Speech_Recognition_Tutorial.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Windows_Vista_Speech_Recognition_Tutorial.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="274" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The tutorial for Windows Speech Recognition in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> depicting the selection of text in <a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a> for deletion.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">November 30, 2006<span class="noprint">; 17 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2006-11-30</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and later</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">Speech recognition</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windows Speech Recognition</b> (<b>WSR</b>) is <a href="/wiki/Speech_recognition" title="Speech recognition">speech recognition</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> for <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> that enables <a href="/wiki/Hands-free_computing" title="Hands-free computing">voice commands</a> to control the <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop</a> <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">dictate</a> text in <a href="/wiki/Electronic_document" title="Electronic document">electronic documents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, navigate <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a>, perform <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut" title="Keyboard shortcut">keyboard shortcuts</a>, and operate the <a href="/wiki/Cursor_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursor (computing)">mouse cursor</a>. It supports custom <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a> to perform additional or supplementary tasks. </p><p>WSR is a locally processed speech recognition platform; it does not rely on <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> for accuracy, dictation, or recognition, but adapts based on contexts, grammars, speech samples, training sessions, and vocabularies. It provides a personal dictionary that allows users to include or exclude words or expressions from dictation and to record pronunciations to increase recognition accuracy. Custom language models are also supported. </p><p>With Windows Vista, WSR was developed to be part of Windows, as speech recognition was previously exclusive to applications such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Windows Media Player</a>. It is present in <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_RT" title="Windows RT">Windows RT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft was involved in speech recognition and <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a> research for many years before WSR. In 1993, Microsoft hired <a href="/wiki/Xuedong_Huang" title="Xuedong Huang">Xuedong Huang</a> from <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> to lead its speech development efforts; the company's research led to the development of the <a href="/wiki/Speech_Application_Programming_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech Application Programming Interface">Speech API</a> (SAPI) introduced in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-TalkingWindowsVista_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TalkingWindowsVista-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speech recognition had also been used in previous Microsoft products. <a href="/wiki/Office_XP" class="mw-redirect" title="Office XP">Office XP</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2003" title="Microsoft Office 2003">Office 2003</a> provided speech recognition capabilities among <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Microsoft Office</a> applications;<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechXP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechXP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it also enabled limited speech functionality in <a href="/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Me" title="Windows Me">Windows Me</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Description_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Description-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_editions#Tablet_PC_Edition" title="Windows XP editions">Tablet PC Edition</a> 2002 included speech recognition capabilities with the Tablet PC Input Panel,<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsXPTabletPCEdition_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsXPTabletPCEdition-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Natural_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Natural-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Plus!#Microsoft_Plus!_for_Windows_XP" title="Microsoft Plus!">Microsoft Plus! for Windows XP</a> enabled voice commands for Windows Media Player.<sup id="cite_ref-VoiceCommand_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoiceCommand-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these all required installation of speech recognition as a separate component; before Windows Vista, Windows did not include integrated or extensive speech recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-Natural_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Natural-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">Office 2007</a> and later versions rely on WSR for speech recognition services.<sup id="cite_ref-Office2007SR_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office2007SR-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_Vista">Windows Vista</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Windows Vista"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG/220px-WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG/330px-WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c2/WindowsVistaPreliminaryWSR.PNG 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="277" /></a><figcaption>A prototype speech recognition <a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero#Aero_Wizards" title="Windows Aero">Aero Wizard</a> in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (then known as "Longhorn") <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista#Milestone_7" title="Development of Windows Vista">build 4093</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>At <a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC 2002</a> Microsoft announced that Windows Vista (codenamed "Longhorn") would include advances in speech recognition and in features such as <a href="/wiki/Microphone_array" title="Microphone array">microphone array</a> support<sup id="cite_ref-WinHEC2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinHEC2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as part of an effort to "provide a consistent quality audio infrastructure for natural (continuous) speech recognition and (discrete) command and control."<sup id="cite_ref-AudioConsiderations_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AudioConsiderations-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a> stated during <a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC 2003</a> that Microsoft would "build speech capabilities into the system — a big advance for that in 'Longhorn,' in both recognition and synthesis, real-time";<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechCapabilities_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechCapabilities-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SpeechPDC2003_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechPDC2003-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pre-release builds during the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista" title="Development of Windows Vista">development of Windows Vista</a> included a speech engine with training features.<sup id="cite_ref-Windows2006_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windows2006-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A PDC 2003 developer presentation stated Windows Vista would also include a user interface for microphone feedback and control, and user configuration and training features.<sup id="cite_ref-UserInputPDC2003_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UserInputPDC2003-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft clarified the extent to which speech recognition would be integrated when it stated in a pre-release <a href="/wiki/Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">software development kit</a> that "the common speech scenarios, like speech-enabling menus and buttons, will be enabled system-wide."<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechRecognitionLonghorn_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechRecognitionLonghorn-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During WinHEC 2004 Microsoft included WSR as part of a strategy to improve productivity on mobile PCs.<sup id="cite_ref-MobilePCs_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MobilePCs-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MobilePCs04_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MobilePCs04-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft later emphasized <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a>, new mobility scenarios, support for additional languages, and improvements to the speech user experience at WinHEC 2005. Unlike the speech support included in Windows XP, which was integrated with the Tablet PC Input Panel and required switching between separate Commanding and Dictation modes, Windows Vista would introduce a dedicated interface for speech input on the desktop and would unify the separate speech modes;<sup id="cite_ref-NaturalInput_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NaturalInput-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> users previously could not speak a command after dictating or vice versa without first switching between these two modes.<sup id="cite_ref-CommandingandDictation_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommandingandDictation-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows Vista Beta 1 included integrated speech recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-WindowsVistaBeta1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsVistaBeta1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To incentivize company employees to analyze WSR for software <a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">glitches</a> and to provide feedback, Microsoft offered an opportunity for its testers to win a Premium model of the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftWSRPoster_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftWSRPoster-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During a demonstration by Microsoft on July 27, 2006—before Windows Vista's <a href="/wiki/Release_to_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Release to manufacturing">release to manufacturing</a> (RTM)—a notable incident involving WSR occurred that resulted in an unintended output of "Dear aunt, let's set so double the killer delete select all" when several attempts to dictate led to consecutive output errors;<sup id="cite_ref-GoodDemos_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodDemos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MSNBC_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the incident was a subject of significant derision among analysts and journalists in the audience,<sup id="cite_ref-NeedsWork_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NeedsWork-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stammers_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stammers-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite another demonstration for application management and navigation being successful.<sup id="cite_ref-GoodDemos_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoodDemos-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft revealed these issues were due to an audio <a href="/wiki/Gain_(electronics)" title="Gain (electronics)">gain</a> glitch that caused the recognizer to distort commands and dictations; the glitch was fixed before Windows Vista's release.<sup id="cite_ref-FAM_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAM-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reports from early 2007 indicated that WSR is vulnerable to attackers using speech recognition for malicious operations by playing certain audio commands through a target's speakers;<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechRecognitionHole_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechRecognitionHole-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RemoteExploit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RemoteExploit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the first vulnerability discovered after Windows Vista's <a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle#General_availability" title="Software release life cycle">general availability</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PCWorld_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCWorld-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft stated that although such an attack is theoretically possible, a number of mitigating factors and prerequisites would limit its effectiveness or prevent it altogether: a target would need the recognizer to be active and configured to properly interpret such commands; microphones and speakers would both need to be enabled and at sufficient volume levels; and an attack would require the computer to perform visible operations and produce audible feedback without users noticing. <a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a> would also prohibit the occurrence of privileged operations.<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechIssue_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechIssue-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_7">Windows 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Windows 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DictationScratchpad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/DictationScratchpad.png/200px-DictationScratchpad.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e8/DictationScratchpad.png 1.5x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="138" /></a><figcaption>The dictation scratchpad in Windows 7 replaces the "enable dictation everywhere" option of Windows Vista.</figcaption></figure> <p>WSR was updated to use <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_UI_Automation" title="Microsoft UI Automation">Microsoft UI Automation</a> and its engine now uses the <a href="/wiki/Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista#Audio_stack_architecture" title="Technical features new to Windows Vista">WASAPI</a> audio stack, substantially enhancing its performance and enabling support for <a href="/wiki/Echo_suppression_and_cancellation" title="Echo suppression and cancellation">echo cancellation</a>, respectively. The document harvester, which can analyze and collect text in email and documents to contextualize user terms has improved performance, and now runs periodically in the background instead of only after recognizer startup. Sleep mode has also seen performance improvements and, to address security issues, the recognizer is turned off by default after users speak "stop listening" instead of being suspended. Windows 7 also introduces an option to submit speech training data to Microsoft to improve future recognizer versions.<sup id="cite_ref-SRWindows7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRWindows7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new dictation scratchpad interface functions as a temporary document into which users can dictate or type text for insertion into applications that are not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Text_Services_Framework" title="Text Services Framework">Text Services Framework</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SRWindows7_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRWindows7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Windows Vista previously provided an "enable dictation everywhere option" for such applications.<sup id="cite_ref-DictationWSR_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DictationWSR-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_8.x_and_Windows_RT">Windows 8.x and Windows RT</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Windows 8.x and Windows RT"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WSR can be used to control the <a href="/wiki/Metro_(design_language)" title="Metro (design language)">Metro</a> user interface in Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows RT with commands to open the <a href="/wiki/Windows_shell#Charms" title="Windows shell">Charms bar</a> ("Press Windows C"); to dictate or display commands in <a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform_apps#In_Windows_8.x" title="Universal Windows Platform apps">Metro-style apps</a> ("Press Windows Z"); to perform tasks in apps (e.g., "Change to Celsius" in <a href="/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">MSN Weather</a>); and to display all installed apps listed by the <a href="/wiki/Start_menu#Third_version" title="Start menu">Start screen</a> ("Apps").<sup id="cite_ref-Windows8SR_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windows8SR-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UpdatedGuidelines_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UpdatedGuidelines-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_10">Windows 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Windows 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WSR is featured in the <a href="/wiki/Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a> application starting with the Windows 10 April 2018 Update (<a href="/wiki/Windows_10_version_history" title="Windows 10 version history">Version 1803</a>); the change first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Insider</a> Preview Build 17083.<sup id="cite_ref-WSRInsider_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSRInsider-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The April 2018 Update also introduces a new <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⊞ Win</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Ctrl</kbd>+<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">S</kbd> keyboard shortcut to activate WSR.<sup id="cite_ref-KeyboardShortcutsAccessibility_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeyboardShortcutsAccessibility-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Windows_11">Windows 11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Windows 11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Windows 11 version 22H2, a second Microsoft app, Voice Access, was added in addition to WSR.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2023 Microsoft announced that WSR is deprecated in favor of Voice Access and may be removed in a future build or release of Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-DeprecatedFeatures_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeprecatedFeatures-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview_and_features">Overview and features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Overview and features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WSR allows a user to control applications and the Windows <a href="/wiki/Desktop_metaphor" title="Desktop metaphor">desktop</a> <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a> through voice commands.<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users can dictate text within documents, email, and forms; control the operating system user interface; perform <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcut" title="Keyboard shortcut">keyboard shortcuts</a>; and move the <a href="/wiki/Cursor_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cursor (computing)">mouse cursor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of integrated applications in Windows Vista can be controlled;<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> third-party applications must support the Text Services Framework for dictation.<sup id="cite_ref-TalkingWindowsVista_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TalkingWindowsVista-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English (U.S.)</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">English (U.K.)</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> are supported languages.<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechRecognition_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechRecognition-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When started for the first time, WSR presents a microphone setup wizard and an optional interactive step-by-step tutorial that users can commence to learn basic commands while adapting the recognizer to their specific voice characteristics;<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the tutorial is estimated to require approximately 10 minutes to complete.<sup id="cite_ref-MSR8_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSR8-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The accuracy of the recognizer increases through regular use, which adapts it to contexts, grammars, patterns, and vocabularies.<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechRecognition_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechRecognition-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Privacy_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Privacy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Custom language models for the specific contexts, phonetics, and terminologies of users in particular occupational fields such as legal or medical are also supported.<sup id="cite_ref-CustomizedVocabularies_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CustomizedVocabularies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With <a href="/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Windows Search</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ThurrottAllchin_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ThurrottAllchin-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the recognizer also can optionally harvest text in documents, email, as well as handwritten <a href="/wiki/Tablet_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablet PC">tablet PC</a> input to contextualize and disambiguate terms to improve accuracy; no information is sent to Microsoft.<sup id="cite_ref-Privacy_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Privacy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>WSR is a locally processed speech recognition platform; it does not rely on cloud computing for accuracy, dictation, or recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftPrivacyStatement_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftPrivacyStatement-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speech profiles that store information about users are retained locally.<sup id="cite_ref-Privacy_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Privacy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Backups and transfers of profiles can be performed via <a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Windows Easy Transfer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Transfer_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Transfer-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interface">Interface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSRRecognizerStates.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/WSRRecognizerStates.png/220px-WSRRecognizerStates.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/55/WSRRecognizerStates.png/330px-WSRRecognizerStates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/55/WSRRecognizerStates.png 2x" data-file-width="344" data-file-height="294" /></a><figcaption>The speech recognizer displaying information based on different modes; the color of the recognizer button changes based on user interaction.</figcaption></figure> <p>The WSR interface consists of a status area that displays instructions, information about commands (e.g., if a command is not heard by the recognizer), and the status of the recognizer; a voice meter displays visual feedback about volume levels. The status area represents the current state of WSR in a total of three modes, listed below with their respective meanings: </p> <ul><li><b>Listening</b>: The recognizer is active and waiting for user input</li> <li><b>Sleeping</b>: The recognizer will not listen for or respond to commands other than "Start listening"</li> <li><b>Off</b>: The recognizer will not listen or respond to any commands; this mode can be enabled by speaking "Stop listening"</li></ul> <p>Colors of the recognizer listening mode button denote its various modes of operation: blue when listening; blue-gray when sleeping; gray when turned off; and yellow when the user switches context (e.g., from the desktop to the taskbar) or when a voice command is misinterpreted. The status area can also display custom user information as part of <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Macros">Windows Speech Recognition Macros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WSRMacrosPreview_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSRMacrosPreview-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ControlPCLifehacker_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ControlPCLifehacker-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSR-AlternatesPanel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/WSR-AlternatesPanel.png/200px-WSR-AlternatesPanel.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/WSR-AlternatesPanel.png/300px-WSR-AlternatesPanel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/WSR-AlternatesPanel.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="330" /></a><figcaption>The alternates panel displaying suggestions for a phrase.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alternates_panel">Alternates panel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alternates panel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An alternates panel disambiguation interface lists items interpreted as being relevant to a user's spoken word(s); if the word or phrase that a user desired to insert into an application is listed among results, a user can speak the corresponding number of the word or phrase in the results and confirm this choice by speaking "OK" to insert it within the application.<sup id="cite_ref-Modes_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modes-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alternates panel also appear when launching applications or speaking commands that refer to more than one item (e.g., speaking "Start Internet Explorer" may list both the web browser and a separate version with add-ons disabled). An <i>ExactMatchOverPartialMatch</i> entry in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Windows Registry</a> can limit commands to items with exact names if there is more than one instance included in results.<sup id="cite_ref-Clarification_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarification-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_commands">Common commands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Common commands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Listed below are common WSR commands. Words in <i>italics</i> indicate a word that can be substituted for the desired item (e.g., "direction" in "scroll <i>direction</i>" can be substituted with the word "<i>down</i>").<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "start typing" command enables WSR to interpret all dictation commands as keyboard shortcuts.<sup id="cite_ref-Modes_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modes-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><b>Dictation commands:</b> "New line"; "New paragraph"; "Tab"; "Literal <i>word</i>"; "Numeral <i>number</i>"; "Go to <i>word</i>"; "Go after <i>word</i>"; "No space"; "Go to start of sentence"; "Go to end of sentence"; "Go to start of paragraph"; "Go to end of paragraph"; "Go to start of document" "Go to end of document"; "Go to <i>field name</i>" (e.g., go to <i>address</i>, <i>cc</i>, or <i>subject</i>). Special characters such as a comma are dictated by speaking the name of the special character.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>Navigation commands:</b> <dl><dd><b>Keyboard shortcuts:</b> "Press <i>keyboard key</i>"; "Press <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⇧ Shift</kbd></i> plus <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">a</kbd></i>"; "Press capital <i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">b</kbd></i>."</dd> <dd>Keys that can be pressed without first giving the press command include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">← Backspace</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Delete</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">End</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">↵ Enter</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Home</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Page Down</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Page Up</kbd>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Tab ↹</kbd>.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>Mouse commands:</b> "Click"; "Click <i>that</i>"; "Double-click"; "Double-click <i>that</i>"; "Mark"; "Mark <i>that</i>"; "Right-click"; "Right-click <i>that</i>"; "<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Mousegrid">MouseGrid</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd><b>Window management commands:</b> "Close (alternatively maximize, minimize, or restore) window"; "Close <i>that</i>"; "Close <i>name of open application</i>"; "Switch applications"; "Switch to <i>name of open application</i>"; "Scroll <i>direction</i>"; "Scroll <i>direction</i> in <i>number of pages</i>"; "Show desktop"; "<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Show_numbers">Show Numbers</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></dd> <dd><b>Speech recognition commands:</b> "Start listening"; "Stop listening"; "Show speech options"; "Open speech dictionary"; "Move speech recognition"; "Minimize speech recognition"; "Restore speech recognition".<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the English language, applicable commands can be shown by speaking "What can I say?"<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechRecognition_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechRecognition-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users can also query the recognizer about tasks in Windows by speaking "How do I <i>task name</i>" (e.g., "How do I install a printer?") which opens related help documentation.<sup id="cite_ref-General_Commands_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-General_Commands-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mousegrid.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Mousegrid.png/160px-Mousegrid.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Mousegrid.png/240px-Mousegrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d3/Mousegrid.png/320px-Mousegrid.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>The MouseGrid command displaying a grid of numbers on the Windows Vista desktop.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MouseGrid"><i>MouseGrid</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: MouseGrid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>MouseGrid</i> enables users to control the mouse cursor by overlaying numbers across nine regions on the screen; these regions gradually narrow as a user speaks the number(s) of the region on which to focus until the desired interface element is reached. Users can then issue commands including "Click <i>number of region</i>," which moves the mouse cursor to the desired region and then clicks it; and "Mark <i>number of region</i>", which allows an item (such as a <a href="/wiki/Icon_(computing)" title="Icon (computing)">computer icon</a>) in a region to be selected, which can then be clicked with the previous <i>click</i> command. Users also can interact with multiple regions at once.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Show_Numbers"><i>Show Numbers</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Show Numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Applications and interface elements that do not present identifiable commands can still be controlled by asking the system to overlay numbers on top of them through a <i>Show Numbers</i> command. Once active, speaking the overlaid number selects that item so a user can open it or perform other operations.<sup id="cite_ref-CommonCommands_40-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CommonCommands-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Show Numbers</i> was designed so that users could interact with items that are not readily identifiable.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Show_numbers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Show_numbers.png/160px-Show_numbers.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Show_numbers.png/240px-Show_numbers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/08/Show_numbers.png/320px-Show_numbers.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>The Show Numbers command overlaying numbers in the <a href="/wiki/Games_for_Windows#Games_Explorer" title="Games for Windows">Games Explorer</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dictation">Dictation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dictation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WSR enables dictation of text in applications and Windows. If a dictation mistake occurs it can be corrected by speaking "Correct <i>word</i>" or "Correct that" and the alternates panel will appear and provide suggestions for correction; these suggestions can be selected by speaking the number corresponding to the number of the suggestion and by speaking "OK." If the desired item is not listed among suggestions, a user can speak it so that it might appear. Alternatively, users can speak "Spell it" or "I'll spell it myself" to speak the desired word on letter-by-letter basis; users can use their personal alphabet or the <a href="/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet" title="NATO phonetic alphabet">NATO phonetic alphabet</a> (e.g., "N as in November") when spelling.<sup id="cite_ref-CustomizedVocabularies_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CustomizedVocabularies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiple words in a sentence can be corrected simultaneously (for example, if a user speaks "dictating" but the recognizer interprets this word as "the thing," a user can state "correct the thing" to correct both words at once). In the English language over 100,000 words are recognized by default.<sup id="cite_ref-CustomizedVocabularies_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CustomizedVocabularies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Speech_dictionary">Speech dictionary</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Speech dictionary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A personal dictionary allows users to include or exclude certain words or expressions from dictation.<sup id="cite_ref-CustomizedVocabularies_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CustomizedVocabularies-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a user adds a word beginning with a capital letter to the dictionary, a user can specify whether it should always be capitalized or if capitalization depends on the context in which the word is spoken. Users can also record pronunciations for words added to the dictionary to increase recognition accuracy; words written via a <a href="/wiki/Stylus" title="Stylus">stylus</a> on a tablet PC for the Windows <a href="/wiki/Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting recognition</a> feature are also stored. Information stored within a dictionary is included as part of a user's speech profile.<sup id="cite_ref-Privacy_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Privacy-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Users can open the speech dictionary by speaking the "show speech dictionary" command. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Macros">Macros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Macros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WSRMacroOptions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/WSRMacroOptions.png/160px-WSRMacroOptions.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/WSRMacroOptions.png/240px-WSRMacroOptions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/WSRMacroOptions.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>An Aero Wizard interface displaying options to create speech recognition macros.</figcaption></figure> <p>WSR supports custom macros through a supplementary application by Microsoft that enables additional <a href="/wiki/Natural_language_processing" title="Natural language processing">natural language</a> commands.<sup id="cite_ref-WSRM_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSRM-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ars_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an example of this functionality, an email macro released by Microsoft enables a natural language command where a user can speak "send email to <i>contact</i> about <i>subject</i>," which opens <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Outlook" title="Microsoft Outlook">Microsoft Outlook</a> to compose a new message with the designated contact and subject automatically inserted.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftOutlook_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftOutlook-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft has also released sample macros for the speech dictionary,<sup id="cite_ref-SpeechDictionaryMacro_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeechDictionaryMacro-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Windows Media Player,<sup id="cite_ref-MediaPlayer_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediaPlayer-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">Microsoft PowerPoint</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NextSlide_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NextSlide-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">speech synthesis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ReadThat_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadThat-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to switch between multiple microphones,<sup id="cite_ref-Microphone_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microphone-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to customize various aspects of audio device configuration such as volume levels,<sup id="cite_ref-SpeakersMacro_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpeakersMacro-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for general natural language queries such as "What is the weather forecast?"<sup id="cite_ref-WeatherForecast_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeatherForecast-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "What time is it?"<sup id="cite_ref-ReadThat_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadThat-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "What's the date?"<sup id="cite_ref-ReadThat_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReadThat-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Responses to these user inquiries are spoken back to the user in the active <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_text-to-speech_voices" title="Microsoft text-to-speech voices">Microsoft text-to-speech voice</a> installed on the machine. </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; font-size:80%; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Application or item </th> <th scope="col" colspan="8">Sample macro phrases (<i>italics</i> indicate substitutable words) </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>Microsoft Outlook</b></td> <td>Send email </td> <td>Send email to </td> <td>Send email to <i>Makoto</i> </td> <td>Send email to <i>Makoto Yamagishi</i> </td> <td>Send email to <i>Makoto Yamagishi about</i> </td> <td>Send email to <i>Makoto Yamagishi about This week's meeting</i> </td> <td>Refresh Outlook email contacts </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Microsoft PowerPoint</b></td> <td>Next slide </td> <td>Previous slide </td> <td>Next </td> <td>Previous </td> <td>Go forward <i>5</i> slides </td> <td>Go back <i>3</i> slides </td> <td>Go to slide <i>8</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Windows Media Player</b></td> <td>Next track </td> <td>Previous song </td> <td>Play <i>Beethoven</i> </td> <td>Play something by <i>Mozart</i> </td> <td>Play the CD that has <i>In the Hall of the Mountain King</i> </td> <td>Play something written in <i>1930</i> </td> <td>Pause music </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Microphones in Windows</b></td> <td>Microphone </td> <td>Switch microphone </td> <td><i>Microphone Array</i> microphone </td> <td>Switch to <i>Line</i> </td> <td>Switch to <i>Microphone Array</i> </td> <td>Switch to <i>Line</i> microphone </td> <td>Switch to <i>Microphone Array</i> microphone </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Volume levels in Windows</b></td> <td>Mute the speakers </td> <td>Unmute the speakers </td> <td>Turn off the audio </td> <td>Increase the volume </td> <td>Increase the volume by 2 times </td> <td>Decrease the volume by <i>50</i> </td> <td>Set the volume to <i>66</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b> WSR Speech Dictionary</b></td> <td>Export the speech dictionary </td> <td>Add a pronunciation </td> <td>Add that [<i>selected text</i>] to the speech dictionary </td> <td>Block that [<i>selected text</i>] from the speech dictionary </td> <td>Remove that [<i>selected text</i>] </td> <td>[<i>Selected text</i>] sounds like... </td> <td>What does that [<i>selected text</i>] sound like? </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Speech Synthesis</b></td> <td>Read that [<i>selected text</i>] </td> <td>Read the next 3 paragraphs </td> <td>Read the previous sentence </td> <td>Please stop reading </td> <td>What time is it? </td> <td>What's today's date? </td> <td>Tell me the weather forecast for <i>Redmond</i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Users and developers can create their own macros based on text transcription and substitution; application execution (with support for <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface#arguments" title="Command-line interface">command-line arguments</a>); keyboard shortcuts; emulation of existing voice commands; or a combination of these items. <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, <a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a> and <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a> are supported.<sup id="cite_ref-Modes_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modes-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macros can be limited to specific applications<sup id="cite_ref-Application_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Application-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rules for macros can be defined programmatically.<sup id="cite_ref-MicrosoftOutlook_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MicrosoftOutlook-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a macro to load, it must be stored in a <i>Speech Macros</i> folder within the active user's <i><a href="/wiki/My_Documents" title="My Documents">Documents</a></i> directory. All macros are <a href="/wiki/Digital_signature" title="Digital signature">digitally signed</a> by default if a <a href="/wiki/Public_key_certificate" title="Public key certificate">user certificate</a> is available to ensure that stored commands are not altered or loaded by third-parties; if a certificate is not available, an administrator can create one.<sup id="cite_ref-WSRMacros_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSRMacros-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Configurable security levels can prohibit unsigned macros from being loaded; to prompt users to sign macros after creation; and to load unsigned macros.<sup id="cite_ref-Application_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Application-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2017<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> WSR uses Microsoft Speech Recognizer 8.0, the version introduced in Windows Vista. For dictation it was found to be 93.6% accurate without training by Mark Hachman, a Senior Editor of <i><a href="/wiki/PC_World" title="PC World">PC World</a></i>—a rate that is not as accurate as competing software. According to Microsoft, the rate of accuracy when trained is 99%. Hachman opined that Microsoft does not publicly discuss the feature because of the 2006 incident during the development of Windows Vista, with the result being that few users knew that documents could be dictated within Windows before the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MSR8_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSR8-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braina" title="Braina">Braina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speech_recognition_software" title="List of speech recognition software">List of speech recognition software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Cordless_Phone_System" title="Microsoft Cordless Phone System">Microsoft Cordless Phone System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Narrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Narrator">Microsoft Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Voice_Command" title="Microsoft Voice Command">Microsoft Voice Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Technical features new to Windows Vista">Technical features new to Windows Vista</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Speech_Recognition&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDN&rft.atitle=Making+a+Speech+macro+Application+Specific&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Frobch%2Farchive%2F2008%2F06%2F30%2Fmaking-a-speech-macro-application-specific.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Speech+Recognition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WSRMacros-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WSRMacros_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930121421/http://download.microsoft.com/download/F/6/B/F6B71555-D73F-4273-9217-7D872D59BE31/Windows%20Speech%20Recognition%20Macros%20Release%20Notes.docx">"Windows Speech Recognition Macros Release Notes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/F/6/B/F6B71555-D73F-4273-9217-7D872D59BE31/Windows%20Speech%20Recognition%20Macros%20Release%20Notes.docx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOCX)</span> on September 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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<li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_Services_for_UNIX" title="Print Services for UNIX">Print Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Dial-up" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN Dial-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br /><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" 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