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diversity is key to a healthy ecosystem, whether it’s a small biological community or the global biosphere. 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The preserve, which acquired national park status in...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Civilian-Conservation-Corps" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Civilian Conservation Corps</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), one of U.S. Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s earliest New Deal programs, established...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Helen-Clark" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Clark, Helen</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Helen Clark is a New Zealand politician who was prime minister (1999–2008). She was the first woman in New Zealand...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Clean-Air-Act-United-States-1970" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Clean Air Act</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Clean Air Act (CAA), U.S. federal law, passed in 1970 and later amended, to prevent air pollution and thereby protect...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/climate-change" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>climate change</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> climate change, periodic modification of Earth’s climate brought about as a result of changes in the atmosphere...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Evidence-for-climate-change" style="text-decoration: underline">Evidence, Causes, Impacts</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Greenhouse-gases" style="text-decoration: underline">Greenhouse Gases, Carbon Emissions, Global Warming</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Climate-change-within-a-human-life-span" style="text-decoration: underline">Human Impact, Causes, Solutions</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Climate-change-since-the-emergence-of-civilization" style="text-decoration: underline">Human Impact, Global Warming, Carbon Emissions</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Climate-change-since-the-advent-of-humans" style="text-decoration: underline">Human Impact, Causes, Effects</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/The-last-great-cooling" style="text-decoration: underline">Global Cooling, Ice Age, Human Impact</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Faint-young-Sun-paradox" style="text-decoration: underline">Faint Sun, Paradox, Solutions</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/climate-change/Abrupt-climate-changes-in-Earth-history" style="text-decoration: underline">Abrupt Changes, Earth History, Impacts</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/climax-ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>climax</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> climax, in ecology, the final stage of biotic succession attainable by a plant community in an area under the environmental...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/cloud-forest-ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>cloud forest</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> cloud forest, vegetation of tropical mountainous regions in which rainfall is often heavy and condensation is persistent...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Coalition-for-Environmentally-Responsible-Economies" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES), U.S. nonprofit organization founded in 1989 to advocate...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/coevolution" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>coevolution</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> coevolution, the process of reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between pairs of species or among groups...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/cold-desert" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>cold desert</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> cold desert, any large arid area of land that typically receives scant amounts of annual precipitation, which occurs...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Colorado-National-Monument" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Colorado National Monument</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Colorado National Monument, scenic wilderness area in west-central Colorado, U.S., just west of the city of Grand...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/commensalism" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>commensalism</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> commensalism, in biology, a relationship between individuals of two species in which one species obtains food or...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/common-pool-resource" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>common-pool resource</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> common-pool resource, a resource made available to all by consumption and to which access can be limited only at...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Barry-Commoner" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Commoner, Barry</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Barry Commoner was an American biologist and educator. He studied at Harvard University and taught at Washington...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/community-biology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>community</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> community, in biology, an interacting group of various species in a common location. For example, a forest of trees...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/community-ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>community ecology</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Keystone-species" style="text-decoration: underline">Keystone Species</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/The-process-of-succession" style="text-decoration: underline">Succession, Species Interactions, Ecosystems</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Community-equilibrium-and-species-diversity" style="text-decoration: underline">Equilibrium, Diversity, Interactions</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Mutualism" style="text-decoration: underline">Mutualism, Interactions, Symbiosis</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Antagonism" style="text-decoration: underline">Interactions, Antagonism, Coexistence</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Grazing" style="text-decoration: underline">Grazing, Interactions, Ecosystems</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Effect-on-community-structure" style="text-decoration: underline">Interactions, Structure, Dynamics</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Commensalism-and-other-types-of-interaction" style="text-decoration: underline">Commensalism, Interaction, Relationships</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Predator-prey-interactions" style="text-decoration: underline">Predator-Prey, Interactions, Dynamics</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Gene-for-gene-coevolution" style="text-decoration: underline">Gene-for-Gene Coevolution</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/community-ecology/Convergence" style="text-decoration: underline">Convergence, Interactions, Ecosystems</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/competition-biotic-interaction" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>competition</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> competition, in ecology, utilization of the same resources by organisms of the same or of different species living...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/principle-of-competitive-exclusion" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>competitive exclusion, principle of</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> principle of competitive exclusion, (after G.F. Gause, a Soviet biologist, and J. Grinnell, an American naturalist,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/condensation-nucleus" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>condensation nucleus</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> condensation nucleus, tiny suspended particle, either solid or liquid, upon which water vapour condensation begins...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-1"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Congaree-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Congaree National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Congaree National Park, natural area in central South Carolina, U.S., about 20 miles (30 km) southeast of Columbia....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/coniferous-forest" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>coniferous forest</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> coniferous forest, vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing needle-leaved or scale-leaved evergreen trees,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>conservation</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> conservation, study of the loss of Earth’s biological diversity and the ways this loss can be prevented. Biological...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Calculating-background-extinction-rates" style="text-decoration: underline">Extinction Rates, Ecology, Calculations</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Recent-extinction-rates" style="text-decoration: underline">Recent Extinctions, Ecology, Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Calculating-relative-rates-of-extinction" style="text-decoration: underline">Extinction Rates, Ecology, Calculations</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/The-loss-of-populations" style="text-decoration: underline">Population Loss, Habitat Destruction, Extinction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Endemic-species" style="text-decoration: underline">Endemic Species, Biodiversity, Preservation</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Fire-suppression-as-habitat-loss" style="text-decoration: underline">Fire Suppression, Habitat Loss</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Introduced-species" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduced Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystems</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Overharvesting" style="text-decoration: underline">Overharvesting, Sustainability, Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Secondary-extinctions" style="text-decoration: underline">Secondary Extinctions</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Which-species-are-most-vulnerable-to-extinction" style="text-decoration: underline">Endangered, Threats, Species</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Preventing-the-loss-of-biodiversity" style="text-decoration: underline">Biodiversity, Preservation, Protection</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Protecting-species" style="text-decoration: underline">Protecting Species, Habitats, Biodiversity</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/conservation-ecology/Habitat-management" style="text-decoration: underline">Habitat Management, Restoration, Preservation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Conservation-International" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Conservation International</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Conservation International, organization that works in more than 40 countries, especially developing ones, to protect...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/event/Convention-on-Biological-Diversity" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Convention on Biological Diversity</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Convention on Biological Diversity, international treaty designed to promote the conservation of biodiversity and...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/coppice" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>coppice</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> coppice, a dense grove of small trees or shrubs that have grown from suckers or sprouts rather than from seed....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/coral-bleaching" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>coral bleaching</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> coral bleaching, whitening of coral that results from the loss of a coral’s symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) or...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Corbett-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Corbett National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Corbett National Park, natural area in southern Uttarakhand state, northern India. It was established as Hailey...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Coto-Donana-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Coto Doñana National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Coto Doñana National Park, national park on the southwestern coast of Spain, at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Henry-Chandler-Cowles" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Cowles, Henry Chandler</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Henry Chandler Cowles was an American botanist, ecologist, and educator who influenced the early study of plant...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Craters-of-the-Moon-National-Monument-and-Preserve" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, region of volcanic cones, craters, and lava flows near the...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/critically-endangered-species" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>critically endangered species</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> critically endangered species, an endangered species that faces an extremely high risk of extinction in wild habitats,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Crozet-Islands" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Crozet Islands</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Crozet Islands, archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean, 1,500 miles (2,400 km) off the coast of Antarctica, administratively...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Cumberland-Gap-National-Historical-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Cumberland Gap National Historical Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, National historical park, Tennessee, U.S. Created in 1940 to preserve...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Cumbres-de-Monterrey-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Cumbres de Monterrey National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Cumbres de Monterrey National Park, park in the Sierra Madre Oriental, in Nuevo León state, northeastern Mexico....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Pierre-Dansereau" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Dansereau, Pierre</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Pierre Dansereau was a French Canadian plant ecologist who was a pioneer in the study of the dynamics of forests...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/Dansgaard-Oeschger-event" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Dansgaard-Oeschger event</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Dansgaard-Oeschger event, any of several dramatic but fleeting global climatic swings characterized by a period...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Darwin, Charles</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Charles Darwin was an English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin/The-Beagle-voyage" style="text-decoration: underline">Evolution, Natural Selection, Beagle Voyage</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin/Evolution-by-natural-selection-the-London-years-1836-42" style="text-decoration: underline">Evolution, Natural Selection, London</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin/On-the-Origin-of-Species" style="text-decoration: underline">Evolution, Natural Selection, Species</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Darwin/The-private-man-and-the-public-debate" style="text-decoration: underline">Evolution, Natural Selection, Theory</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Kingsley-Davis" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Davis, Kingsley</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Kingsley Davis was an American sociologist and demographer who coined the terms population explosion and zero population...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Margaret-Bryan-Davis" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Davis, Margaret Bryan</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Margaret Bryan Davis was an American paleoecologist best known for her pioneering work in the science of palynology...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-2"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/deciduous-forest" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>deciduous forest</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> deciduous forest, vegetation composed primarily of broad-leaved trees that shed all their leaves during one season....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/deep-ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>deep ecology</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> deep ecology, environmental philosophy and social movement based in the belief that humans must radically change...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/deep-scattering-layer" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>deep-scattering layer</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> deep-scattering layer, horizontal zone of living organisms, usually schools of fish, occurring below the surface...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Deepwater Horizon oil spill</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Deepwater Horizon oil spill, largest marine oil spill in history, caused by an April 20, 2010, explosion on the...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill/Cleanup-efforts" style="text-decoration: underline">Cleanup, Environmental Impact, BP</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill/Legal-action" style="text-decoration: underline">Legal Action, BP, Gulf</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/event/Deepwater-Horizon-oil-spill/Environmental-costs" style="text-decoration: underline">Environmental Impact, Cleanup, Recovery</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/deforestation" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>deforestation</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> deforestation, the clearing or thinning of forests by humans. Deforestation represents one of the largest issues...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/deforestation/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/deforestation/Effects" style="text-decoration: underline">Soil Erosion, Biodiversity Loss, Climate Change</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Denali-National-Park-and-Preserve" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Denali National Park and Preserve</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Denali National Park and Preserve, vast region with an unspoiled natural environment of alpine tundra and boreal...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/density-dependent-factor" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>density-dependent factor</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> density-dependent factor, in ecology, any force that affects the size of a population of living things in response...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/density-independent-factor" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>density-independent factor</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> density-independent factor, in ecology, any force that affects the size of a population of living things regardless...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/John-Denver" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Denver, John</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> John Denver was an American singer and songwriter who was known for his wholesome, sentimental music that extolled...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/technology/depleted-uranium" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>depleted uranium</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> depleted uranium, dense mildly radioactive metal that is primarily used in the production of ammunition and armour...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/desert" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>desert</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> desert, any large, extremely dry area of land with sparse vegetation. It is one of Earth’s major types of ecosystems,...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desert/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desert/Environment" style="text-decoration: underline">Climate, Ecosystems, Adaptations</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desert/Biota" style="text-decoration: underline">Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desert/Population-and-community-development-and-structure" style="text-decoration: underline">Adaptation, Ecosystems, Communities</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desert/Selected-deserts-of-the-world" style="text-decoration: underline">Arid, Hot, Dry</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/desertification" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>desertification</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> desertification, the process by which natural or human causes reduce the biological productivity of drylands (arid...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desertification/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/desertification/Rain-fed-croplands" style="text-decoration: underline">Rainfed Crops, Soil Loss, Climate Change</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/detritus" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>detritus</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> detritus, in ecology, matter composed of leaves and other plant parts, animal remains, waste products, and other...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Devils-Tower-National-Monument" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Devils Tower National Monument</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Devils Tower National Monument, the first U.S. national monument, established in 1906 in northeastern Wyoming,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/Devonian-extinctions" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Devonian extinctions</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Devonian extinctions, a series of mass extinction events primarily affecting the marine communities of the Devonian...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Dinder-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Dinder National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Dinder National Park, park, southeastern Sudan. The park lies in the clayish floodplain of the Dinder and Rahad...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Dinosaur-Provincial-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Dinosaur Provincial Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Dinosaur Provincial Park, public park located in the badlands of southeastern Alberta, Canada. The nearly 29-square-mile...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/dispersion-biology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>dispersion</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> dispersion, in biology, the dissemination, or scattering, of organisms over periods within a given area or over...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/dog-days" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>dog days</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> dog days, periods of exceptionally hot and humid weather that often occur in July, August, and early September...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/drainage" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>drainage</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> drainage, in agriculture, the artificial removal of water from land. Drainage is employed in the reclamation of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-3"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Earth-First" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Earth First!</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Earth First!, radical environmental group focused on the protection of wilderness and wildlife. Earth First! was...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/ecofeminism" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecofeminism</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecofeminism, branch of feminism that examines the connections between women and nature. Its name was coined by...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/ecofeminism/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/ecofeminism/Ecofeminisms-future" style="text-decoration: underline">Gender, Environment, Justice</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecological-disturbance" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecological disturbance</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecological disturbance, an event or force, of nonbiological or biological origin, that brings about mortality to...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecological-disturbance/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecological-disturbance/Characteristics-of-disturbance-and-recovery" style="text-decoration: underline">Recovery, Dynamics, Effects</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecological-disturbance/Ecological-opportunities-provided-by-disturbances" style="text-decoration: underline">Opportunities, Resilience, Recovery</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecological-footprint" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecological footprint</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecological footprint (EF), measure of the demands made by a person or group of people on global natural resources....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecological-resilience" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecological resilience</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecological resilience, the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its normal patterns of nutrient cycling and biomass...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecological-restoration" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecological restoration</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecological restoration, the process of repairing sites in nature whose biological communities (that is, interacting...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecological-restoration/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecological-restoration/Implementation" style="text-decoration: underline">Reclamation, Rehabilitation, Restoration</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecological-succession" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecological succession</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecological succession, the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. Two different...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecology</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecology, study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. Some of the most pressing problems...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecology/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecology/Areas-of-study" style="text-decoration: underline">Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Populations</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecology/Methods-in-ecology" style="text-decoration: underline">Field Studies, Data Analysis, Conservation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecosystem" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecosystem</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecosystem, the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecosystem/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/ecosystem/Trophic-levels" style="text-decoration: underline">Trophic Levels, Food Chains, Interactions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecosystem-services" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecosystem services</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecosystem services, outputs, conditions, or processes of natural systems that directly or indirectly benefit humans...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecosystemic-approach" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecosystemic approach</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecosystemic approach, form of environmental governance that places ecosystemic dynamics at the heart of environmental...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/ecotone" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>ecotone</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> ecotone, a transitional area of vegetation between two different plant communities, such as forest and grassland....... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Loren-Eiseley" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Eiseley, Loren</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Loren Eiseley was an American anthropologist, educator, and author who wrote about anthropology for the lay person...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/technology/electronic-waste" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>electronic waste</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> electronic waste, various forms of electric and electronic equipment that have ceased to be of value to their users...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/elfin-woodland" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>elfin woodland</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> elfin woodland, stunted forest at high elevations in tropical wet areas or temperate coastal areas. Its short gnarled...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/place/Elk-Island-National-Park" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Elk Island National Park</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Elk Island National Park, park in central Alberta, Canada, 20 miles (32 km) east of Edmonton. Established in 1906...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/biography/Charles-Elton" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Elton, Charles</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Charles Elton was an English biologist credited with framing the basic principles of modern animal ecology. Elton...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/end-Triassic-extinction" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>end-Triassic extinction</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> end-Triassic extinction, global extinction event occurring at the end of the Triassic Period (about 252 million...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/endangered-species" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>endangered species</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> endangered species, any species that is at risk of extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease in its population...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/endangered-species/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/science/endangered-species/IUCN-Red-List-of-Threatened-Species" style="text-decoration: underline">IUCN, Conservation, Extinction</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/environment" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environment</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environment, the complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors that act upon an organism or an ecological community...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100"> <span class="adm-4"></span> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Environmental-Defense-Fund" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Environmental Defense Fund</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Environmental Defense Fund, American environmental organization working on such issues as climate change, pollution,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/environmental-justice" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environmental justice</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environmental justice, social movement seeking to address the inequitable distribution of environmental hazards...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/environmental-policy" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environmental policy</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environmental policy, any measure by a government or corporation or other public or private organization regarding...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmental-policy/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmental-policy/Guiding-concepts" style="text-decoration: underline">Sustainability, Regulation, Conservation</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmental-policy/Global-policy-agreements" style="text-decoration: underline">Global Agreements, Climate Change, Sustainability</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/Environmental-Protection-Agency" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>Environmental Protection Agency</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), agency of the U.S. government that sets and enforces national pollution-control...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/environmental-science" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environmental science</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environmental science, interdisciplinary academic field that draws on ecology, geology, meteorology, biology, chemistry,...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/environmental-toxicology" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environmental toxicology</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environmental toxicology, field of study in the environmental sciences that is concerned with the assessment of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/environmentalism" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>environmentalism</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> environmentalism, political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment...... </div> <ul class="mt-10 font-14 pl-20 mb-0"> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmentalism/Introduction" style="text-decoration: underline">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmentalism/Biocentric-schools-of-thought" style="text-decoration: underline">Biocentric, Conservation, Sustainability</a> </li> <li class="mb-3"> <a href="/topic/environmentalism/History-of-the-environmental-movement" style="text-decoration: underline">Conservation, Activism, Sustainability</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/epidemiologic-transition" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>epidemiologic transition</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> epidemiologic transition, the process by which the pattern of mortality and disease in a population is transformed...... </div> </div> </div> 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Extinction occurs when species are diminished...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/extremophile" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>extremophile</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> extremophile, an organism that is tolerant to environmental extremes and that has evolved to grow optimally under...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/fairy-ring" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fairy ring</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fairy ring, a naturally occurring circular ring of mushrooms on a lawn or other location. A fairy ring starts when...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/faunal-region" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>faunal region</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> faunal region, any of six or seven areas of the world defined by animal geographers on the basis of their distinctive...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/science/fertility" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fertility</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fertility, ability of an individual or couple to reproduce through normal sexual activity. About 90 percent of...... </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-100 col-sm-33 col-md-25"> <div class="card h-100"> <div class="card-body"> <a href="/topic/fertility-rate" class="font-weight-bold font-16"><invertedtitle>fertility rate</invertedtitle></a> <div class="font-serif mt-10 font-14"> fertility rate, average number of children born to women during their reproductive years. 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