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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Academic and scientific career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Academic_and_scientific_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Academic and scientific career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Academic_and_scientific_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Discovery_of_synthetic_acetone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovery_of_synthetic_acetone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Discovery of synthetic acetone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovery_of_synthetic_acetone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_scientific_research_institutes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_scientific_research_institutes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Establishment of scientific research institutes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_scientific_research_institutes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zionist_activism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zionist_activism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Zionist activism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zionist_activism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jewish immigration to Palestine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Holocaust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Holocaust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>The Holocaust</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Holocaust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_president_of_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_president_of_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>First president of Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_president_of_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 60 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حاييم وايزمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حاييم وايزمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Veytzman" title="Haim Veytzman – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Haim Veytzman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="খাইম ভেইৎসমান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খাইম ভেইৎসমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаім Вейцман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хаім Вейцман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаім Вайцман – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хаім Вайцман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajim_Weizmann" title="Chajim Weizmann – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chajim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%CC%A0ayyim_Weizmann" title="H̠ayyim Weizmann – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="H̠ayyim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaim_Weizmann" title="Jaim Weizmann – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86" title="حییم وایزمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حییم وایزمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9E%84_%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EC%B8%A0%EB%A7%8C" title="하임 바이츠만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하임 바이츠만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B4_%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B5%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Խայիմ Վեյցման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խայիմ Վեյցման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="חיים ויצמן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חיים ויצמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ხაიმ ვაიცმანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხაიმ ვაიცმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Вейцман Хаим – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вейцман Хаим" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Weizmann" title="Haim Weizmann – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Haim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haims_Veicmans" title="Haims Veicmans – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Haims Veicmans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1im_Weizmann" title="Háim Weizmann – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="चैम वाइझमन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चैम वाइझमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="حاييم وايزمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حاييم وايزمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%84%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ハイム・ヴァイツマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハイム・ヴァイツマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizman" title="Chaim Weizman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chaim Weizman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Weizmann" title="Haim Weizmann – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Haim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Вейцман, Хаим – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вейцман, Хаим" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chajim_Weizmann" title="Chajim Weizmann – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chajim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86" title="چەیم وایزمەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چەیم وایزمەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаим Вајцман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хаим Вајцман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Vajcman" title="Haim Vajcman – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Haim Vajcman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Weizmann" title="Haim Weizmann – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BC_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хаїм Вейцман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хаїм Вейцман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کھائیم ویزمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھائیم ویزمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chaim Weizmann" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="חיים ווייצמאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="חיים ווייצמאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC" title="哈伊姆·魏茨曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈伊姆·魏茨曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Israeli statesman and British chemist (1874–1952)</div> <p class="PIA-flag" style="display:none; visibility:hidden;">This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.</p> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Chaim Weizmann</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">חיים ויצמן</span>‎</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_President_Chaim_Weizmann.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2052" data-file-height="3066" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Weizmann in 1949</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 February 1949 – 9 November 1952</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself<br />(as Chairman of the Provisional State Council)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Chairman of the Provisional State Council of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 May 1948 – 17 February 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data">David Ben-Gurion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Himself<br />(as President)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Chaim Azriel Weizmann</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1874-11-27</span>)</span>27 November 1874<br /><a href="/wiki/Motal" title="Motal">Motal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grodno_Governorate" title="Grodno Governorate">Grodno Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 November 1952<span style="display:none">(1952-11-09)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br />Israel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vera_Weizmann" title="Vera Weizmann">Vera Weizmann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Weizmann" title="Maria Weizmann">Maria Weizmann</a> (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Anna_Weizmann" title="Anna Weizmann">Anna Weizmann</a> (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Minna_Weizmann" title="Minna Weizmann">Minna Weizmann</a> (sister)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a> (nephew)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Universität Berlin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">Biochemist</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Politics</b>: helped establish the State of Israel.<br /> <b>Science</b>: <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fermentation" title="Industrial fermentation">industrial fermentation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetone%E2%80%93butanol%E2%80%93ethanol_fermentation" title="Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation">acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation</a> process, critical to the WWI Allied war effort. Founder of the Sieff Research Institute (now <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute</a>), helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaim Weizmann's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg/128px-Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg/192px-Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg/256px-Chaim_Weizmann_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="68" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chaim Azriel Weizmann</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KYME</span> <span style="font-size:90%">WYTE</span>-smən</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born Israeli statesman, <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> leader who served as president of the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">Zionist Organization</a> and later as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">president of Israel</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/1949_Israeli_presidential_election" title="1949 Israeli presidential election">elected</a> on 16 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann was instrumental in obtaining the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> of 1917 and convincing the United States government <a href="/wiki/United_States-Israeli_relations#Recognition_of_the_state_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="United States-Israeli relations">to recognize</a> the newly formed State of Israel in 1948. </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a>, Weizmann is considered to be the 'father' of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fermentation" title="Industrial fermentation">industrial fermentation</a>. He developed the <a href="/wiki/Acetone%E2%80%93butanol%E2%80%93ethanol_fermentation" title="Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation">acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation</a> process, which produces <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a>, <a href="/wiki/N-Butanol" class="mw-redirect" title="N-Butanol">n-butanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> through bacterial <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a>. His acetone production method was of great importance in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> explosive propellants for the British war industry during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. He founded the Sieff Research Institute in <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a> (later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute of Science</a> in his honor), and was instrumental in the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Dr._Chaim_Weizmann_LCCN2014716667_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2651" data-file-height="3659" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann in 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Chaim Weizmann was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Motal" title="Motal">Motal</a>, located in what is now <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> and at that time was part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> in 1874. He was the third of 15 children born to Oizer and Rachel (Czemerinsky) Weizmann.<sup id="cite_ref-obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a timber merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From ages four to eleven, he attended a traditional <a href="/wiki/Cheder" title="Cheder">cheder</a>, or Jewish religious primary school, where he also studied <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>. At the age of 11, he entered high school in <a href="/wiki/Pinsk" title="Pinsk">Pinsk</a>, where he displayed a talent for science, especially chemistry. While in Pinsk, he became active in the <a href="/wiki/Hovevei_Zion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hovevei Zion">Hovevei Zion</a> movement. He graduated with honors in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-einstein_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-einstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1892, Weizmann left for <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> to study chemistry at the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Hochschule</a> in <a href="/wiki/Darmstadt" title="Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a>. To earn a living, he worked as a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> teacher at an <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox Jewish</a> boarding school.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1894, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> to study at the <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Berlin" title="Technische Universität Berlin">Technische Hochschule Berlin</a>. </p><p>While in Berlin, he joined a circle of Zionist intellectuals.<sup id="cite_ref-einstein_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-einstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> to complete his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Fribourg" title="University of Fribourg">University of Fribourg</a>. In 1898, he attended the Second Zionist Congress in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>. That year he became engaged to <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Getzowa" title="Sophia Getzowa">Sophia Getzowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_1986_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_1986-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getzowa and Weizmann were together for four years before Weizmann, who became romantically involved with Vera Khatzman in 1900, confessed to Getzowa that he was seeing another woman. He did not tell the family he was leaving Getzowa until 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-Rose_1986_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rose_1986-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His fellow students held a mock trial and ruled that Weitzman should uphold his commitment and marry Getzowa, even if he later divorced her. Weizmann ignored their advice.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of Weizmann's fifteen siblings, ten immigrated to <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two also became chemists; <a href="/wiki/Anna_Weizmann" title="Anna Weizmann">Anna (Anushka) Weizmann</a> worked in his Daniel Sieff Research Institute lab, registering several patents in her name.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother, Moshe Weizmann, was the head of the Chemistry Faculty at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two siblings remained in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a>: a brother, Shmuel, and a sister, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Weizmann" title="Maria Weizmann">Maria (Masha)</a>. Shmuel Weizmann was a dedicated <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Communist</a> and member of the anti-Zionist <a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bund movement</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalinist</a> "<a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>", he was arrested for alleged espionage and Zionist activity, and executed in 1939. His fate became known to his wife and children only in 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-family_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-family-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maria Weizmann was a doctor who was arrested as part of Stalin's fabricated "<a href="/wiki/Doctors%27_plot" title="Doctors' plot">Doctors' plot</a>" in 1952 and was sentenced to five years imprisonment in <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. She was released following Stalin's death in 1953,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was permitted to emigrate to Israel in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, another sister, <a href="/wiki/Minna_Weizmann" title="Minna Weizmann">Minna Weizmann</a>, was the lover of a German spy (and later Nazi diplomat), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Pr%C3%BCfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Prüfer (page does not exist)">Kurt Prüfer</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Pr%C3%BCfer" class="extiw" title="de:Kurt Prüfer">de</a>]</span>, and worked as a spy for Germany in Cairo, Egypt (then wartime <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Egypt" title="Sultanate of Egypt">British protectorate</a>) in 1915. Minna was outed as a spy during a trip to Italy and was deported back to Egypt to be sent to a British POW camp. Back in Cairo, she successfully persuaded the consul of the <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II of Russia">Russian Czar</a> to provide her safe passage out, and en route to Russia, she managed to reconnect with Prüfer via a German consulate. Minna was never formally charged with espionage, survived the war, and would eventually return to Palestine to work for the medical service of the Zionist women's organization, <a href="/wiki/Hadassah_Women%27s_Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Hadassah Women's Zionist Organization of America">Hadassah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weizmann married <a href="/wiki/Vera_Weizmann" title="Vera Weizmann">Vera Khatzmann</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with whom he had two sons. The elder son, Benjamin (Benjie) Weizmann (1907–1980), settled in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and became a dairy farmer. The younger one, <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> Michael Oser Weizmann (1916–1942), fought in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. While serving as a pilot in <a href="/wiki/No._502_Squadron_RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. 502 Squadron RAF">No. 502 Squadron RAF</a>, he was killed when his plane was shot down over the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> in February 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body was never found and he was listed as "missing". His father never fully accepted his death and made a provision in his will, in case he returned.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is one of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>'s air force casualties without a known grave commemorated at the <a href="/wiki/Runnymede_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Runnymede Memorial">Air Forces Memorial at Runnymede</a> in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His nephew <a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a>, son of his brother Yechiel, a leading Israeli agronomist,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became commander of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> and also served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">President of Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chaim Weizmann is buried beside his wife in the garden of <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_House" title="Weizmann House">his home</a> at the Weizmann estate, located on the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Weizmann Institute">Weizmann Institute</a>, named after him. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_and_scientific_career">Academic and scientific career</h2></div> <p>In 1899, he was awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a> in organic chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-chem.unifr.ch_bio_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chem.unifr.ch_bio-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, he joined the Organic Chemistry Department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901, he was appointed assistant lecturer at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Geneva" title="University of Geneva">University of Geneva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zionism-israel_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zionism-israel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1904, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to teach at the Chemistry Department of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a> as a senior lecturer.<sup id="cite_ref-zionism-israel_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zionism-israel-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He joined <a href="/wiki/Clayton_Aniline_Company" title="Clayton Aniline Company">Clayton Aniline Company</a> in 1905 where the director <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dreyfus" title="Charles Dreyfus">Charles Dreyfus</a> introduced him to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, then Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, he became a <a href="/wiki/British_subject" title="British subject">British citizen</a> when <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> as Home Secretary signed his papers,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and held his British nationality until 1948, when he renounced it to assume his position as President of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chaim Weizmann and his family lived in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> for about 30 years (1904–1934), although they temporarily lived at 16 Addison Road in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p><p>In Britain, he was known as Charles Weizmann, a name under which he registered about 100 research patents.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, it was discovered that the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> had <a href="/wiki/The_Black_Book_(list)" title="The Black Book (list)">compiled a list</a> in 1940 of over 2800 people living in Britain, which included Weizmann, who were to have been immediately arrested after an invasion of Britain had the ultimately abandoned <a href="/wiki/Operation_Sea_Lion" title="Operation Sea Lion">Operation Sea Lion</a> been successful.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovery_of_synthetic_acetone">Discovery of synthetic acetone</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Acetone%E2%80%93butanol%E2%80%93ethanol_fermentation" title="Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation">Acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg/290px-Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg/435px-Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg/580px-Einstein_Apr.1921_SS_Rotterdam_32100.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2745" data-file-height="2701" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben-Zion_Mossinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben-Zion Mossinson (page does not exist)">Ben-Zion Mossinson</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9F-%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9F" class="extiw" title="he:בן-ציון מוסינזון">he</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, Chaim Weizmann, <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Ussishkin" title="Menachem Ussishkin">Menachem Ussishkin</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Rotterdam_(1908)" title="SS Rotterdam (1908)">SS Rotterdam</a></i>, 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>While serving as a lecturer in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> he became known for discovering how to use bacterial <a href="/wiki/Fermentation" title="Fermentation">fermentation</a> to produce large quantities of desired substances. He is considered to be the father of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fermentation" title="Industrial fermentation">industrial fermentation</a>. He used the bacterium <a href="/wiki/Clostridium_acetobutylicum" title="Clostridium acetobutylicum"><i>Clostridium</i> <i>acetobutylicum</i></a> (the <i>Weizmann organism</i>) to produce <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a>. Acetone was used in the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> explosive propellants critical to the Allied war effort (see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Cordite_Factory,_Holton_Heath" title="Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath">Royal Naval Cordite Factory, Holton Heath</a>). Weizmann transferred the rights to the manufacture of acetone to the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Solvents_Corporation" title="Commercial Solvents Corporation">Commercial Solvents Corporation</a> in exchange for royalties.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winston Churchill became aware of the possible use of Weizmann's discovery in early 1915, and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Munitions" title="Minister of Munitions">Minister of Munitions</a>, joined Churchill in encouraging Weizmann's development of the process. <a href="/wiki/Pilot_plant" title="Pilot plant">Pilot plant</a> development of laboratory procedures was completed in 1915 at the <a href="/wiki/J%26W_Nicholson_%26_Co" title="J&W Nicholson & Co">J&W Nicholson & Co</a> gin factory in <a href="/wiki/Bow,_London" title="Bow, London">Bow, London</a>, so industrial scale production of acetone could begin in six British distilleries requisitioned for the purpose in early 1916. The effort produced <span style="white-space:nowrap">30<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> tonnes of acetone during the war, although a national collection of <a href="/wiki/Aesculus_hippocastanum" title="Aesculus hippocastanum">horse-chestnuts</a> was required when supplies of <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a> were inadequate for the quantity of starch needed for fermentation. The importance of Weizmann's work gave him favour in the eyes of the British Government, this allowed Weizmann to have access to senior Cabinet members and utilise this time to represent Zionist aspirations. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Shell_Crisis_of_1915" title="Shell Crisis of 1915">Shell Crisis of 1915</a> during World War I, Weizmann was director of the British Admiralty laboratories from 1916 until 1919. In April 1918 at the head of the Jewish Commission,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he returned to Palestine to look for "rare minerals" for the British war effort in the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a>. Weizmann's attraction for British Liberalism enabled Lloyd George's influence at the Ministry of Munitions to do a financial and industrial deal with <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">Imperial Chemical Industries</a> (ICI) to seal the future of the Zionist homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tirelessly energetic Weizmann entered London again in later October to speak for a solid hour with the Prime Minister, propped by <i>The Guardian</i> and his Manchester friends. At another conference on 21 February 1919 at Euston Hotel the peace envoy, <a href="/wiki/James_Bryce,_1st_Viscount_Bryce" title="James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce">Lord Bryce</a> was reassured by the pledges against international terrorism, for currency regulation and fiscal controls.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_scientific_research_institutes">Establishment of scientific research institutes</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%93%22%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F.-JNF043812.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D7%93%22%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F.-JNF043812.jpeg/220px-%D7%93%22%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F.-JNF043812.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/%D7%93%22%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F.-JNF043812.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Chaim Weizmann in 1926</figcaption></figure> <p>Concurrently, Weizmann devoted himself to the establishment of a scientific institute for basic research in the vicinity of his estate in the town of <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>. Weizmann saw great promise in science as a means to bring peace and prosperity to the area. As stated in his own words "I trust and feel sure in my heart that science will bring to this land both peace and a renewal of its youth, creating here the springs of a new spiritual and material life. [...] I speak of both science for its own sake and science as a means to an end."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His efforts led in 1934 to the creation of the Daniel Sieff Research Institute (later renamed the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>), which was financially supported by an endowment by <a href="/wiki/Israel_Sieff,_Baron_Sieff" title="Israel Sieff, Baron Sieff">Israel Sieff</a> in memory of his late son.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann actively conducted research in the laboratories of this institute, primarily in the field of <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a>. He offered the post of director of the institute to <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a>, but took over the directorship himself after Haber's death en route to Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During World War II, he was an honorary adviser to the British <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Supply (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Supply</a> and did research on <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">synthetic rubber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Octane_rating" title="Octane rating">high-octane</a> gasoline.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zionist_activism">Zionist activism</h2></div> <p>Weizmann was absent from the first Zionist conference, held in 1897 in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, because of travel problems, but he attended the <a href="/wiki/Second_Zionist_Congress" title="Second Zionist Congress">Second Zionist Congress</a> in 1898 and each one thereafter. Beginning in 1901, he lobbied for the founding of a Jewish institution of higher learning in Palestine. Together with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Buber" title="Martin Buber">Martin Buber</a> and <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berthold_Feiwel" class="extiw" title="de:Berthold Feiwel">Berthold Feiwel</a>, he presented a document to the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist Congress">Fifth Zionist Congress</a> highlighting this need especially in the fields of science and engineering. This idea would later be crystallized in the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a> in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weizmann met <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Arthur Balfour</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party (United Kingdom)">Conservative</a> Prime Minister who was MP for <a href="/wiki/Manchester_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Manchester East (UK Parliament constituency)">East Manchester</a>, during one of Balfour's electoral campaigns in 1905–1906. Balfour supported the concept of a Jewish homeland, but felt that there would be more support among politicians for the then-current offer in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, called the <a href="/wiki/British_Uganda_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="British Uganda Programme">British Uganda Programme</a>. Following mainstream Zionist rejection of that proposal, Weizmann was credited later with persuading Balfour, by then the Foreign Secretary during the First World War, for British support to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine, the original Zionist aspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story goes that Weizmann asked Balfour, "Would you give up London to live in <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>?" When Balfour replied that the British had always lived in London, Weizmann responded, "Yes, and we lived in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> when London was still a marsh." Nevertheless, this had not prevented naturalization as a British subject in 1910 with the help of <i><a href="/wiki/Haham" class="mw-redirect" title="Haham">haham</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Moses Gaster</a>, who asked for papers from <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a>, the minister.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Weizmann revered Britain but relentlessly pursued Jewish freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was head of the Democratic Fraction, a group of Zionist radicals who posed a challenge to Herzlian political Zionism. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Sieff,_Baron_Sieff" title="Israel Sieff, Baron Sieff">Israel Sieff</a> described him as "pre-eminently what the Jewish people call folks-mensch ... a man of the people, of the masses, not of an elite".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most recent biographers challenge this, describing him as a blatant elitist, disgusted by the masses, coldly aloof from his family, callous with friends if they did not support him, despondently alienated from Palestine, where he lived only with reluctance, and repelled by the Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe there.<sup id="cite_ref-Aderet_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aderet-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gradually Weizmann set up a separate following from <a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Moses Gaster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Greenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Greenberg">L. J. Greenberg</a> in London. Manchester became an important Zionist center in Britain. Weizmann was mentor to Harry Sacher, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Sieff" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Sieff">Israel Sieff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Marks">Simon Marks</a> (founders of <a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a>),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and formed a friendship with <a href="/wiki/Asher_Ginzberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Asher Ginzberg">Asher Ginzberg</a>, a writer who pushed for Zionist inclusivity and urged against "repressive cruelty" to the Arabs. He regularly traveled by train to London to discuss spiritual and cultural Zionism with Ginzberg, whose pen name was <a href="/wiki/Ahad_Ha%27am" title="Ahad Ha'am">Ahad Ha'am</a>. He stayed at Ginzberg's home in <a href="/wiki/Hampstead" title="Hampstead">Hampstead</a>, whence he lobbied Whitehall, beyond his job as Director of the Admiralty for Manchester.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weizmann%27s_passport_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Weizmann%27s_passport_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="222" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann's passport photo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1915</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Zionists believed that anti-Semitism led directly to the need for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Weizmann first visited Jerusalem in 1907, and while there, he helped organize the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Land_Development_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Land Development Company">Palestine Land Development Company</a> as a practical means of pursuing the Zionist dream, and to found the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem" title="Hebrew University of Jerusalem">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</a>. Although Weizmann was a strong advocate for "those governmental grants which are necessary to the achievement of the Zionist purpose" in Palestine, as stated <a href="/wiki/First_Zionist_Congress" title="First Zionist Congress">at Basel</a>, he persuaded many Jews not to wait for future events, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A state cannot be created by decree, but by the forces of a people and in the course of generations. Even if all the governments of the world gave us a country, it would only be a gift of words. But if the Jewish people will go build Palestine, the Jewish State will become a reality—a fact.<sup id="cite_ref-Weizmann1983_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizmann1983-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> During World War I, at around the same time he was appointed Director of the British Admiralty's laboratories, Weizmann, in a conversation with <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a>, suggested the strategy of the British campaign against the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. From 1914, "a benevolent goodwill toward the Zionist idea" emerged in Britain when intelligence revealed how the Jewish Question could support imperial interests against the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of Weizmann's contacts revealed the extent of the uncertainty in Palestine. From 1914 to 1918, Weizmann developed his political skills mixing easily in powerful circles. On 7 and 8 November 1914, he had a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_de_Rothschild" title="Dorothy de Rothschild">Dorothy de Rothschild</a>. Her husband <a href="/wiki/James_de_Rothschild_(politician)" title="James de Rothschild (politician)">James de Rothschild</a> was serving with the French Army, but she was unable to influence her cousinhood to Weizmann's favour. However, when Weizmanm spoke to Charles, second son of <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Mayer_Rothschild" title="Nathan Mayer Rothschild">Nathan Mayer Rothschild</a>, he approved the idea. James de Rothschild advised Weizmann to seek to influence the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British Government</a>. By the time he reached <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Lord Robert Cecil</a>, Dr Weizmann was enthused with excitement. Cecil's personal foibles were representative of class consciousness, which the Zionists overcame through deeds rather than words. <a href="/wiki/C._P._Scott" title="C. P. Scott">C. P. Scott</a>, the editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Manchester Guardian</a></i>, formed a friendship with Weizmann after the two men encountered each other at a Manchester garden party in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott described the diminutive leader as</p><blockquote><p>extraordinarily interesting, a rare combination of idealism and the severely practical which are the two essentials of statesmanship a perfectly clear sense conception of Jewish nationalism, an intense and burning sense of the Jew as Jew, just as strong, perhaps more so, as that of the German as German or the Englishman as Englishman, and secondly arising out of that and necessary for its satisfaction and development, his demand for a country, a home land which for him and for anyone during his view of Jewish nationality can be no other that the ancient home of his race.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Scott wrote to the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party (United Kingdom)">Liberal Party</a>'s Lloyd George who set up a meeting for a reluctant Weizmann with <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a>, President of the Local Government Board, who was now converted to Zionism. On 10 December 1914 at Whitehall, Samuel offered Weizmann a Jewish homeland complete with funded developments. Ecstatic, Weizmann returned to Westminster to arrange a meeting with Balfour, who was also on the War Council. He had first met the Conservatives in 1906, but after being moved to tears at 12 Carlton Gardens, on 12 December 1914, Balfour told Weizmann "it is a great cause and I understand it."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Weizmann had another meeting in Paris with <a href="/wiki/Baron_Edmond_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Edmond Rothschild">Baron Edmond Rothschild</a> before a crucial discussion with Chancellor of the Exchequer Lloyd George, on 15 January 1915.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Whilst some of the leading members of Britain's Jewish community regarded Weizmann's program with distaste, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_of_Palestine" title="The Future of Palestine">The Future of Palestine</a></i>, also known as the <i>Samuel Memorandum</i>, was a watershed moment in the Great War and <a href="/wiki/Annexation" title="Annexation">annexation</a> of Palestine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Weizmann consulted several times with Samuel on the homeland policy during 1915, but <a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">H. H. Asquith</a>, then Prime Minister, would be dead set against upsetting the balance of power on the Middle East. Attitudes were changing to "dithyrambic"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> opposition; but in the Cabinet, to the Samuel Memorandum, it remained implacably opposed with the exception of Chancellor Lloyd George. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Edwin Montagu</a>, for example, Samuel's cousin was strenuously opposed. Weizmann did not attend the meeting of Jewry's ruling <a href="/wiki/Conjoint_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Conjoint Committee">Conjoint Committee</a> when it met the Zionist leadership on 14 April 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yehiel Tschlenow had travelled from <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> to speak at the congress. He envisioned a Jewish Community worldwide so that integration was complementary with amelioration<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. Zionists however had one goal only, the creation of their own state with British help. </p><p>In 1915, Weizmann also began working with <a href="/wiki/Sir_Mark_Sykes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Mark Sykes">Sir Mark Sykes</a>, who was looking for a member of the Jewish community for a delicate mission. He met the Armenian lawyer, <a href="/wiki/James_Aratoon_Malcolm" title="James Aratoon Malcolm">James Malcolm</a>, who already knew Sykes, and British intelligence, who were tired of the oppositional politics of <a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Moses Gaster</a>. "Dr Weizmann ... asked when he could meet Sir Mark Sykes ... Sir Mark fixed the appointment for the very next day, which was a Sunday."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They finally met on 28 January 1917, "Dr Weizmann...should take the leading part in the negotiations", was Sykes response.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann was determined to replace the Chief Rabbi as Jewish leader of Zionism.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had the "matter in hand" when he met Sokolow and Malcolm at Thatched House on Monday 5 February 1917. Moses Gaster was very reluctant to step aside. Weizmann had a considerable following, yet was not involved in the discussions with <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Georges-Picot" title="François Georges-Picot">François Georges-Picot</a> at the French embassy: a British Protectorate, he knew would not require French agreement. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/James_Armand_de_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="James Armand de Rothschild">James de Rothschild</a> proved a friend and guardian of the nascent state questioning Sykes' motivations as their dealings on Palestine were still secretive. Sokolow, Weizmann's diplomatic representative, cuttingly remarked to Picot underlining the irrelevance of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">Triple Entente</a> to French Jewry, but on 7 February 1917, the British government recognized the Zionist leader and agreed to expedite the claim. Weizmann was characteristically wishing to reward his Jewish friends for loyalty and service. News of the <a href="/wiki/February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a> (also known as the Kerensky Revolution) in Russia shattered the illusion for World Jewry. Unity for British Jewry was achieved by the Manchester Zionists. "Thus not for the first time in history, there is a community alike of interest and of sentiment between the British State and Jewish people."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Manchester Zionists published a pamphlet <i>Palestine</i> on 26 January 1917, which did not reflect British policy, but already Sykes looked to Weizmann's leadership when they met on 20 March 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 February 1917 a meeting was held at <a href="/wiki/Moses_Gaster" title="Moses Gaster">Dr Moses Gaster</a>'s house with Weizmann to discuss the results of the Picot convention in Paris. Sokolow and Weizmann pressed on with seizing leadership from Gaster; they had official recognition from the British government. At 6 Buckingham Gate on 10 February 1917 another was held, in a series of winter meetings in London. The older generation of Greenberg, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cowen" title="Joseph Cowen">Joseph Cowen</a> and Gaster were stepping down or being passed over. "...those friends ... in close cooperation all these years", he suggested should become the EZF Council<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>- Manchester's Sieff, Sacher and Marks, and London's <a href="/wiki/Leon_Simon_(Zionist)" title="Leon Simon (Zionist)">Leon Simon</a> and Samuel Tolkowsky. While the war was raging in the outside world, the Zionists prepared for an even bigger fight for the survival of their homeland. Weizmann issued a statement on 11 February 1917, and on the following day, they received news of the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a> take over in Petrograd. Tsarist Russia had been very anti-Semitic but incongruously this made the British government even more determined to help the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nahum_Sokolow" title="Nahum Sokolow">Nahum Sokolow</a> acted as Weizmann's eyes and ears in Paris on a diplomatic mission; an Entente under the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> was unsettling. The Triple Entente of Arab-Armenian-Zionist was fantastic to Weizmann, leaving him cold and unenthusiastic. Nonetheless, the delegation left for Paris on 31 March 1917.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> One purpose of the Alliance was to strengthen the hand of Zionism in the United States. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann,_Herbert_Samuel,_Lloyd_George,_Ethel_Snowden,_Philip_Snowden.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/310px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg" decoding="async" width="310" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/465px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg/620px-Vera_%26_Chaim_Weizmann%2C_Herbert_Samuel%2C_Lloyd_George%2C_Ethel_Snowden%2C_Philip_Snowden.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2399" data-file-height="1746" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vera_Weizmann" title="Vera Weizmann">Vera Weizmann</a>, Chaim Weizmann, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd George">Lloyd George</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethel_Snowden" title="Ethel Snowden">Ethel Snowden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Snowden" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Snowden">Philip Snowden</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Weizmann's relations with Balfour were intellectual and academic. He was genuinely overjoyed to convince the former Prime Minister in April 1917. Just after the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>, had left, the following morning, Lloyd George invited Weizmann to breakfast at which he promised Jewish support for Britain as the Jews "might be able to render more assistance than the Arabs."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They discussed "International Control", the Russian Revolution and US involvement in the future of the Palestine Problem.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complexity of Arab <i>desiderata</i> – "facilities of colonization, communal autonomy, rights of language and establishment of a Jewish chartered company".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was followed by a meeting with <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a> and the Conservatives (18 April) and another at Downing Street on 20 April. With the help of George's private secretary <a href="/wiki/Philip_Kerr,_11th_Marquess_of_Lothian" title="Philip Kerr, 11th Marquess of Lothian">Philip Kerr</a> the issue was moved up "the Agenda" to War Cabinet as a matter of urgency.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 May 1917 the President of the Board of Deputies David Lindo Alexander QC co-signed a statement in the <i>Times</i> attacking Zionism and asserting that the Jewish Community in Britain was opposed to it. At the next meeting of the Board, on 15 June 1917, a motion of censure was proposed against the President, who said he would treat the motion as one of no confidence. When it was passed, he resigned. Although subsequent analysis has shown that the success of the motion possibly had more to do with a feeling on the part of Deputies that Lindo Alexander had failed to consult them than with a massive conversion on their part to the Zionist cause, nevertheless it had great significance outside the community.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within days of the resolution the Foreign Office sent a note to <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rothschild,_2nd_Baron_Rothschild" title="Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild">Lord Rothschild</a> and to Weizmann asking them to submit their proposals for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The way had been opened to the Balfour Declaration issued in the following November. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2></div> <p>On 31 October 1917, Chaim Weizmann became president of the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Federation_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland">British Zionist Federation</a>; he worked with Arthur Balfour to obtain the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>His Majesty's government view would favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, ...to use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country, 2 November 1917.</p></blockquote> <p>A founder of so-called <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic Zionism">Synthetic Zionism</a>, Weizmann supported grass-roots colonization efforts as well as high-level diplomatic activity. He was generally associated with the centrist <a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General Zionists</a> and later sided with neither <a href="/wiki/Labour_Zionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Zionism">Labour Zionism</a> on the left nor <a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist Zionism</a> on the right. In 1917, he expressed his view of <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> in the following words, </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We have [the Jewish people] never based the Zionist movement on Jewish suffering in Russia or in any other land. These suffering have never been the mainspring of Zionism. The foundation of Zionism was, and continues to be to this day, the yearning of the Jewish people for its homeland, for a national centre and a national life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>Weizmann's personality became an issue but Weizmann had an international profile unlike his colleagues or any other British Zionist. He was President of EZF Executive Council. He was also criticized by Harry Cohen. A London delegate raised a censure motion: that Weizmann refused to condemn the regiment. In August 1917, Weizmann quit both EZF and ZPC which he had founded with his friends. Leon Simon asked Weizmann not to "give up the struggle". At the meeting on 4 September 1917, he faced some fanatical opposition. But letters of support "sobering down"<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opposition, and a letter from his old friend Ginzberg "a great number of people regard you as something of a symbol of Zionism".<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zionists linked Sokolow and Weizmann to Sykes. Sacher tried to get the Foreign Secretary to redraft a statement rejecting Zionism. The irony was not lost accusing the government of anti-semitism. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Edwin Montagu</a> opposed it, but <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lloyd_George" title="David Lloyd George">David Lloyd George</a> favoured Zionism. Montagu did not regard Palestine as a "fit place for them to live". Montagu believed that it would let down assimilationists and the ideals of British Liberalism. The Memorandum was not supposed to accentuate the prejudice of mentioning 'home of the Jewish people'. Weizmann was a key holder at the Ministry of Supply by late 1917. By 1918 Weizmann was accused of combating the idea of a separate peace with Ottoman Empire. He considered such a peace at odds with Zionist interests. He was even accused of "possibly prolonging the war".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the War Cabinet meeting of 4 October, chaired by Lloyd George and with Balfour present, <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Lord Curzon</a> also opposed this "barren and desolate" place as a home for Jews.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In a third memo Montagu labelled Weizmann a "religious fanatic".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Montagu believed in assimilation and saw his principles being swept from under by the new policy stance. Montagu, a <a href="/wiki/British_Jews" title="British Jews">British Jew</a>, had learnt debating skills as India Secretary, and Liberalism from Asquith, who also opposed Zionism. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/330px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg" decoding="async" width="290" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/500px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg/580px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99-JNF029623.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann holding a standard of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Legion" title="Jewish Legion">Jewish Legion</a>, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>All the memos from Zionists, non-Zionists, and Curzon were all-in by a third meeting convened on Wednesday, 31 October 1917. The War Cabinet had dealt an "irreparable blow to Jewish Britons", wrote Montagu. Curzon's memo was mainly concerned by the non-Jews in Palestine to secure their civil rights.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Worldwide there were 12 million Jews, and about <span style="white-space:nowrap">365<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> in Palestine by 1932. Cabinet ministers were worried about Germany playing the Zionist card. If the Germans were in control, it would hasten support for Ottoman Empire, and collapse of Kerensky's government. Curzon went on towards an advanced Imperial view: that since most Jews had Zionist views, it was as well to support these majority voices. "If we could make a declaration favourable to such an ideal we should be able to carry on extremely useful propaganda."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann "was absolutely loyal to Great Britain".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zionists had been approached by the Germans, Weizmann told <a href="/wiki/William_Ormsby-Gore,_4th_Baron_Harlech" title="William Ormsby-Gore, 4th Baron Harlech">William Ormsby-Gore</a>, but the British miscalculated the effects of immigration to Palestine and over-estimated German control over the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans were in no position to prevent movement. Sykes reported the Declaration to Weizmann with elation all round: he repeated "mazel tov" over and over. The Entente had fulfilled its commitment to both Sharif Husein and Chaim Weizmann.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg/290px-Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg/435px-Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg/580px-Weizmann_and_feisal_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann (left) with Prince Faisal, later <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I of Iraq</a> in Syria, 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Sykes stressed the Entente: "We are pledged to Zionism, Armenianism liberation, and Arabian independence".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 2 December, Zionists celebrated the Declaration at the Opera House; the news of the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Revolution</a>, and withdrawal of Russian troops from the frontier war with Ottoman Empire, raised the pressure from Constantinople. On 11 December, Turkish armies were swept aside when <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Allenby,_1st_Viscount_Allenby" title="Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby">Edmund Allenby</a>'s troops entered Jerusalem. On 9 January 1918, all Turkish troops withdrew from the Hejaz for a bribe of $2 million to help pay Ottoman Empire's debts. Weizmann had seen peace with Ottoman Empire out of the question in July 1917. Lloyd George wanted a separate peace with Ottoman Empire to guarantee relations in the region secure. Weizmann had managed to gain the support of International Jewry in Britain, France and Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Schneer postulates that the British government desperate for any wartime advantage were prepared to offer any support among philo-Semites.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was to Weizmann a priority. Weizmann considered that the issuance of the Balfour Declaration was the greatest single achievement of the pre-1948 Zionists. He believed that the Balfour Declaration and the legislation that followed it, such as the (3 June 1922) Churchill White Paper and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> Mandate for Palestine all represented an astonishing accomplishment for the Zionist movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg/290px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg" decoding="async" width="290" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg/435px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg/580px-%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_-_%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D-JNF017728.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann in Jerusalem, 1920 (<a href="/wiki/Herbert_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Samuel">Herbert Samuel</a> to his right)</figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 January 1919, Weizmann met <a href="/wiki/Hashemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite">Hashemite</a> <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Prince Faisal</a> to sign the <a href="/wiki/Faisal-Weizmann_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Faisal-Weizmann Agreement">Faisal-Weizmann Agreement</a> attempting to establish the legitimate existence of the state of Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the month, the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> decided that the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire should be wholly separated and the newly conceived mandate-system applied to them.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann stated at the conference that the Zionist objective was to "establish such a society in Palestine that Palestine shall be as Jewish as England is English, or America American."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, both men made their statements to the conference. </p><p>After 1920, he assumed leadership in the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a>, creating local branches in Berlin,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and serving twice (1920–31, 1935–46) as president of the World Zionist Organization. Unrest amongst Arab antagonism to a Jewish presence in Palestine increased, erupting into riots. Weizmann remained loyal to Britain, tried to shift the blame onto dark forces. The French were commonly blamed for discontent, as scapegoats for Imperial liberalism. Zionists began to believe racism existed within the administration, which remained inadequately policed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1921, Weizmann went along with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> for a fundraiser to establish the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and support the <a href="/wiki/Technion_%E2%80%93_Israel_Institute_of_Technology" title="Technion – Israel Institute of Technology">Technion – Israel Institute of Technology</a>. At this time, simmering differences over competing European and American visions of Zionism, and its funding of development versus political activities, caused Weizmann to clash with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921 Weizmann played an important role in supporting <a href="/wiki/Pinhas_Rutenberg" title="Pinhas Rutenberg">Pinhas Rutenberg</a>'s successful bid to the British for an exclusive electric concession for Palestine, in spite of bitter personal and principled disputes between the two figures.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> During the war years, Brandeis headed the precursor of the <a href="/wiki/Zionist_Organization_of_America" title="Zionist Organization of America">Zionist Organization of America</a>, leading fund-raising for Jews trapped in Europe and Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early October 1914, the <a href="/wiki/USS_North_Carolina_(ACR-12)" title="USS North Carolina (ACR-12)">USS <i>North Carolina</i></a> arrived in <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffa Harbor">Jaffa Harbor</a> with money and supplies provided by <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Schiff" title="Jacob Schiff">Jacob Schiff</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_Committee" title="American Jewish Committee">American Jewish Committee</a>, and the Provisional Executive Committee for General Zionist Affairs, then acting for the WZO, which had been rendered impotent by the war. Although Weizmann retained Zionist leadership, the clash led to a departure from Louis Brandeis's movement. By 1929, there were about <span style="white-space:nowrap">18<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> members remaining in the ZOA, a massive decline from the high of <span style="white-space:nowrap">200<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> reached during the peak Brandeis years.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In summer 1930, these two factions and visions of Zionism, would come to a compromise largely on Brandeis's terms, with a restructured leadership for the ZOA.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An American view is that Weizmann persuaded the British cabinet to support Zionism by presenting the benefits of having a presence in Palestine in preference to the French. Imperial interests on the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> as well as sympathy after <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> were important factors for British support.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann wrote in 1914:<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Should Palestine fall within the British sphere of influence, and should Britain encourage a Jewish settlement there, as a British dependency, we could have in 20 to 30 years a million Jews out there ... they would ... form a very effective guard for the Suez Canal.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_immigration_to_Palestine">Jewish immigration to Palestine</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg/310px-Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg/465px-Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg/620px-Chaim_Arlosoroff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Chaim Weizmann (sitting, second from left) at a meeting with Arab leaders at the <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel" title="King David Hotel">King David Hotel</a>, Jerusalem, 1933. Also pictured are <a href="/wiki/Haim_Arlosoroff" title="Haim Arlosoroff">Haim Arlosoroff</a> (sitting, center), <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Shertok" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshe Shertok">Moshe Shertok</a> (Sharett) (standing, right), and <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> (standing, to Shertok's right).</figcaption></figure> <p>Jewish immigration was consciously limited by the British administration. Weizmann agreed with the policy but was afraid of the rise of the Nazis. From 1933, there were year-on-year leaps in mass immigration by 50%. Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a>'s attempted reassurance on economic grounds in a <a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">white paper</a> did little to stabilize Arab-Israeli relations.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1936 and early 1937, Weizmann addressed the <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a> (set up by the returning Conservative Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>), whose job it was to consider the working of the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He insisted that the mandate authorities had not driven home to the Palestinian population that the terms of the mandate would be implemented, using an analogy from another part of the British Empire: </p> <blockquote><p>I think it was in Bombay recently, that there had been trouble and the Moslems had been flogged. I am not advocating flogging, but what is the difference between a Moslem in Palestine and a Moslem in Bombay? There they flog them, and here they save their faces. This, interpreted in terms of Moslem mentality, means: "The British are weak; we shall succeed if we make ourselves sufficiently unpleasant. We shall succeed in throwing the Jews into the Mediterranean."<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 25 November 1936, testifying before the Peel Commission, Weizmann said that there were in Europe <span style="white-space:nowrap">6<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> Jews "for whom the world is divided into places where they cannot live and places where they cannot enter."<sup id="cite_ref-Weizmann1983p102_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weizmann1983p102-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Commission published a report that, for the first time, recommended partition, but the proposal was declared unworkable and formally rejected by the government. The two main Jewish leaders, Weizmann and <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> had convinced the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Congress" title="World Zionist Congress">Zionist Congress</a> to approve equivocally the Peel recommendations as a basis for more negotiation.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris2004p11_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris2004p11-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Louis2006p391_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Louis2006p391-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the first official mention and declaration of a Zionist vision opting for a possible State with a majority of Jewish population, alongside a State with an Arab majority. The Arab leaders, headed by <a href="/wiki/Haj_Amin_al-Husseini" class="mw-redirect" title="Haj Amin al-Husseini">Haj Amin al-Husseini</a>, rejected the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weizmann made very clear in his autobiography that the failure of the international Zionist movement (between the wars) to encourage all Jews to act decisively and efficiently in great enough numbers to migrate to the Jerusalem area was the real cause for the call for a Partition deal. A deal on partition was first formally mentioned in 1936 but not finally implemented until 1948. Again, Weizmann blamed the Zionist movement for not being adequate during the best years of the British Mandate.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Ironically, in 1936 <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Jabotinsky" title="Ze'ev Jabotinsky">Ze'ev Jabotinsky</a> prepared the so-called "evacuation plan", which called for the evacuation of 1.5 million Jews from <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> to Palestine over the span of next ten years. The plan was first proposed on 8 September 1936 in the conservative Polish newspaper <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Czas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Czas (page does not exist)">Czas</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas_(dziennik)" class="extiw" title="pl:Czas (dziennik)">pl</a>]</span></i>, the day after Jabotinsky organized a conference where more details of the plan were laid out; the emigration would take 10 years and would include <span style="white-space:nowrap">750<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> Jews from Poland, with <span style="white-space:nowrap">75<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> between age of 20–39 leaving the country each year. Jabotinsky stated that his goal was to reduce Jewish population in the countries involved to levels that would make them uninterested in its further reduction.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same year, he toured <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, meeting with the Polish Foreign Minister, Colonel <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Beck" title="Józef Beck">Józef Beck</a>; the Regent of <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Horthy" title="Miklós Horthy">Miklós Horthy</a>; and Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_T%C4%83t%C4%83rescu" title="Gheorghe Tătărescu">Gheorghe Tătărescu</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> to discuss the evacuation plan. The plan gained the approval of all three governments, but caused considerable controversy within the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Jews">Jewish community of Poland</a>, on the grounds that it played into the hands of anti-Semites. In particular, the fact that the 'evacuation plan' had the approval of the Polish government was taken by many Polish Jews as indicating Jabotinsky had gained the endorsement of what they considered to be the wrong people. </p><p>The evacuation of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Jewish communities in Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a> was to take place over a ten-year period. However, the British government vetoed it, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Zionist_Organization" title="World Zionist Organization">World Zionist Organization</a>'s chairman, Chaim Weizmann, dismissed it.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Weizmann considered himself, not Ben-Gurion, the political heir to <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>. Herzl's only grandchild and descendant was <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Norman" title="Stephen Norman">Stephen Norman</a> (born Stephan Theodor Neumann, 1918–1946). Dr. <a href="/wiki/Herzl_Rosenblum" title="Herzl Rosenblum">H. Rosenblum</a>, the editor of <i>Haboker</i>, a Tel Aviv daily that later became <i><a href="/wiki/Yediot_Aharonot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yediot Aharonot">Yediot Aharonot</a></i>, noted in late 1945 that Dr. Weizmann deeply resented the sudden intrusion and reception of Norman when he arrived in Britain. Norman spoke to the Zionist conference in London. Haboker reported, "Something similar happened at the Zionist conference in London. The chairman suddenly announced to the meeting that in the hall there was Herzl's grandson who wanted to say a few words. The introduction was made in an absolutely dry and official way. It was felt that the chairman looked for—and found—some stylistic formula which would satisfy the visitor without appearing too cordial to anybody among the audience. In spite of that there was a great thrill in the hall when Norman mounted on the platform of the presidium. At that moment, Dr. Weizmann turned his back on the speaker and remained in this bodily and mental attitude until the guest had finished his speech."<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1945 article went on to note that Norman was snubbed by Weizmann and by some in Israel during his visit because of ego, jealousy, vanity and their own personal ambitions. Brodetsky was Chaim Weizmann's principal ally and supporter in Britain. Weizmann secured for Norman a desirable but minor position with the British Economic and Scientific Mission in Washington, D.C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3></div> <p>On 29 August 1939, Weizmann sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/Neville_Chamberlain" title="Neville Chamberlain">Neville Chamberlain</a>, stating in part: "I wish to confirm in the most explicit manner the declarations which I and my colleagues have made during the last month and especially in the last week: that the Jews stand by Great Britain and will fight on the side of the democracies."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter gave rise to a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a>, promoted in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_propaganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi propaganda">Nazi propaganda</a>, that he had made a <a href="/wiki/Jewish_war_conspiracy_theory" title="Jewish war conspiracy theory">"Jewish declaration of war"</a> against Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lang1_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lang1-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park,_Instow,_North_Devon,_October_1942._TR248.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg/220px-A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg/330px-A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg/440px-A_nurse_with_child_evacuees_from_Plymouth_in_the_garden_of_the_Chaim_Weizmann_Home_at_Tapley_Park%2C_Instow%2C_North_Devon%2C_October_1942._TR248.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1820" /></a><figcaption>A nurse with <a href="/wiki/Evacuations_of_civilians_in_Britain_during_World_War_II" title="Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II">child evacuees from Plymouth</a> in the garden of Weizmann's home at Tapley Park in the English village of <a href="/wiki/Instow" title="Instow">Instow</a>, north <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> <p>At the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, Weizmann was appointed as an honorary adviser to the British <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a>, using his extensive political expertise in the management of provisioning and supplies throughout the duration of the conflict. He was frequently asked to advise the cabinet and also brief the Prime Minister. Weizmann's efforts to integrate Jews from Palestine in the war against Germany resulted in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Brigade" title="Jewish Brigade">Jewish Brigade</a> of the British Army which fought mainly in the Italian front.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the war, he grew embittered by the rise of violence in Palestine and by the terrorist tendencies amongst followers of the Revisionist fraction. His influence within the Zionist movement decreased, yet he remained overwhelmingly influential outside of Mandate Palestine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1942, Weizmann was invited by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> to work on the problem of synthetic rubber. Weizmann proposed to produce butyl alcohol from maize, then convert it to butylene and further to butadiene, which is a basis for rubber. According to his memoirs, these proposals were barred by the oil companies.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Holocaust">The Holocaust</h3></div> <p>In 1939, a conference was established at <a href="/wiki/St_James%27s_Palace" title="St James's Palace">St James's Palace</a> when the government drew up the May 1939 White Paper which severely curtailed any spending in the Jewish Home Land. Yishuv was put back to the lowest priority. At the outbreak of war the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency</a> pledged its support for the British war effort against Nazi Germany. They raised the Jewish Brigade into the British Army, which took years to come to fruition. It authenticated the news of the Holocaust reaching the allies.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In May 1942, the Zionists met at <a href="/wiki/Biltmore_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biltmore Hotel">Biltmore Hotel</a> in New York, US; a <a href="/wiki/Biltmore_Conference" title="Biltmore Conference"> convention</a> at which Weizmann pressed for a policy of unrestricted immigration into Palestine. A Jewish Commonwealth needed to be established, and latterly Churchill revived his backing for this project.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Weizmann met Churchill on 4 November 1944 to urgently discuss the future of Palestine. Churchill agreed that Partition was preferable for Israel over his White Paper. He also agreed that Israel should annex the <a href="/wiki/Negev_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Negev desert">Negev desert</a>, where no one was living. However, when <a href="/wiki/Lord_Moyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Moyne">Lord Moyne</a>, the British Governor of Palestine, had met Churchill a few days earlier, he was surprised that Churchill had changed his views in two years. On 6 November, Moyne was assassinated for his trenchant views on immigration; the immigration question was put on hold.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In February 1943, the British government also rejected a plan to pay $3.5 million and just $50 per head to allow <span style="white-space:nowrap">70<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span>, mostly Romanian, Jews to be protected and evacuated that Weizmann had suggested to the Americans. In May 1944, the British detained <a href="/wiki/Joel_Brand" title="Joel Brand">Joel Brand</a>, a Jewish activist from Budapest, who wanted to evacuate 1 million Jews from Hungary on <span style="white-space:nowrap">10<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> trucks, with tea, coffee, cocoa, and soap. In July 1944, Weizmann pleaded on Brand's behalf but to no avail. <a href="/wiki/Rezs%C5%91_Kasztner" title="Rezső Kasztner">Rezső Kasztner</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took over the direct negotiations with <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Eichmann" title="Adolf Eichmann">Adolf Eichmann</a> to release migrants, but they came to nothing.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann also promoted a plan to bomb the death camps, but the British claimed that this was too risky, dangerous and unfeasible, due to technical difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 20 September 1945, Weizmann presented the first official documents to the British, USA, France, and Soviets, for the restitution of property, and indemnification. He demanded that all heirless Jewish property should be handed over as part of the reparations for the rehabilitation of Nazi victims. </p><p>In his presidential statement at the last Zionist congress that he attended at Basel on 9 December 1946 he said: "Massada, for all its heroism, was a disaster in our history; It is not our purpose or our right to plunge to destruction in order to bequeath a legend of martyrdom to posterity; Zionism was to mark the end of our glorious deaths and the beginning of a new path leading to life."<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_president_of_Israel">First president of Israel</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_(997008136017305171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg/220px-Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg/330px-Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg/440px-Ben_Gurion_International_Airport_%28997008136017305171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="661" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann in the airport in Israel, 1949</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg/220px-Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg/330px-Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg/440px-Chaim_Weizmann_-_Seyfullah_Esin_-_Moshe_Sharett_1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="2175" /></a><figcaption>Weizmann (left) with first Turkish ambassador to Israel, Seyfullah Esin (c), and Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Sharett" title="Moshe Sharett">Moshe Sharett</a>, 1950</figcaption></figure> <p>Two days after the proclamation of the State of Israel, Weizmann succeeded Ben-Gurion as chairman of the Provisional State Council, a collective presidency that held office until Israel's first parliamentary election, in <a href="/wiki/1949_Israeli_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 Israeli legislative election">February 1949</a>. </p><p>On 2 July 1948, a new <a href="/wiki/Kibbutz" title="Kibbutz">kibbutz</a> was founded facing the Golan Heights (Syrian) overlooking the Jordan River, only 5 miles from Syrian territory. Their forces had already seized Kibbutz <i><a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaYarden_(moshava)" title="Mishmar HaYarden (moshava)">Mishmar Ha-Yarden</a></i>. The new kibbutz was named (President's Village) <i><a href="/wiki/Kfar_HaNassi" title="Kfar HaNassi">Kfar Ha-Nasi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the first <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> met in 1949, Weizmann was nominated as Mapai's candidate for president. The Revisionist Party put forward <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Klausner" title="Joseph Klausner">Prof. Joseph Klausner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann was elected president by the Knesset on 17 February 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 February 1949, Weizmann as president entrusted Ben-Gurion with forming a government. A Coalition was made up of 46 <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a>, 2 Arab Democratic List of <a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a>, 16 of United Religious Front, 5 of Progressive Party, 4 of Sephardi List. Mapam was officially a socialist party with Mapai, but was anti-religious and so remained outside the coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 November 1949, the anniversary of the Balfour Declaration, the Daniel Sieff Institute, much enlarged and rebuilt, was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Weizmann Institute of Science</a>. The institute was a global success, attracting scientists from all over the Diaspora. In 1949 there were 20 researchers; twenty years later there were 400, and 500 students.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weizmann met with United States President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a> and worked to obtain the support of the United States; they discussed emigration, for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a>. </p><p>President Weizmann lived at <a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a>, where he regularly received the Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> into his garden. He was denied any actualisation of the political role he had hoped for by the Left,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had to be consoled with the Weizmann Institute's successes. </p><p>When Weizmann died on 9 November 1952, he was buried at Rehovot. He was acknowledged as a patriot long before Israel had even begun to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The greatest Jewish emissary to the Gentile world..." was one academic verdict.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 287.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 285.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaim_Weizmann_funeral,_Rehovot_(997008136197505171).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weizmann's funeral in 1952"><img alt="Weizmann's funeral in 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg/428px-Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="286" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg/642px-Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg/856px-Chaim_Weizmann_funeral%2C_Rehovot_%28997008136197505171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weizmann's funeral in 1952</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Weizmann memorial stamp issued in December 1952"><img alt="Weizmann memorial stamp issued in December 1952" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg/190px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg/285px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg/380px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_President_Dr._Weizmann_-_110mil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="779" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Weizmann memorial stamp issued in December 1952</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Weizmann, Chaim (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924028583320"><i>What is Zionism</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+is+Zionism&rft.place=London&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Weizmann&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924028583320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">— (1949). <i>Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann</i>. Jewish Publication Society of America.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trial+and+Error%3A+The+Autobiography+of+Chaim+Weizmann&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society+of+America&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Weizmann&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">— (1949). <i>Autobiography: Chaim Weizmann</i>. London: Hamilton Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Autobiography%3A+Chaim+Weizmann&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hamilton+Ltd&rft.date=1949&rft.aulast=Weizmann&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">— (January 1942). "Palestine's role in the solution of the Jewish Problem". <i><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></i>. <b>20</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">324–</span>338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20029153">10.2307/20029153</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20029153">20029153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Palestine%27s+role+in+the+solution+of+the+Jewish+Problem&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E324-%3C%2Fspan%3E338&rft.date=1942-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20029153&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20029153%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Weizmann&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">Herzog, Chaim (1996). <i>Living History: a Memoir</i>. Plunkett Lake Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+History%3A+a+Memoir&rft.pub=Plunkett+Lake+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Herzog&rft.aufirst=Chaim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B013FPVJ42">B013FPVJ42</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-obit_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1127.html">Chaim Weizmann Of Israel Is Dead</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025184909/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1127.html">Archived</a> 25 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, George Ingham (1998) <i>The Big Bang: A History of Explosives</i>, Sutton Publishing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-1878-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-1878-0">0-7509-1878-0</a> p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171025132347/http://www.chaimweizmann.org.il/en/biography">"Biography | chaimweizmann"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chaimweizmann.org.il/en/biography">the original</a> on 25 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+%26%23124%3B+chaimweizmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chaimweizmann.org.il%2Fen%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-einstein-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-einstein_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-einstein_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://einstein-website.de/biographies/weizmann_content.html">"Short life history: Chaim Weizmann"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311013940/http://www.einstein-website.de/biographies/weizmann_content.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Short+life+history%3A+Chaim+Weizmann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feinstein-website.de%2Fbiographies%2Fweizmann_content.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoffrey Lewis, <i>Balfour and Weizmann: The Zionist, the Zealot and the Emergence of Israel</i>, A & C Black, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rose_1986-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rose_1986_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rose_1986_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose1986" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Norman (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chaimweizmannbio00rose"><i>Chaim Weizmann: A Biography</i></a></span>. New York, New York: Viking Penguin, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chaimweizmannbio00rose/page/55">55</a>–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-80469-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-80469-X"><bdi>0-670-80469-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=55-56&rft.pub=Viking+Penguin%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-670-80469-X&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchaimweizmannbio00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHirsch2013" class="citation book cs1">Hirsch, Luise (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUp3AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA59"><i>From the Shtetl to the Lecture Hall: Jewish Women and Cultural Exchange</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-5993-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-5993-2"><bdi>978-0-7618-5993-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+Shtetl+to+the+Lecture+Hall%3A+Jewish+Women+and+Cultural+Exchange&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-5993-2&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Luise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUp3AAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mag-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mag_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wws.weizmann.ac.il/board/sites/board/files/internationalmagazine_vol3_-_spring_2013.pdf">"10 things we didn't know about Dr. Chaim Weizmann"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Weizmann International Magazine of Science & People</i>. <b>3</b>. Spring 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150217/http://wws.weizmann.ac.il/board/sites/board/files/internationalmagazine_vol3_-_spring_2013.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Weizmann+International+Magazine+of+Science+%26+People&rft.atitle=10+things+we+didn%27t+know+about+Dr.+Chaim+Weizmann&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=3&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwws.weizmann.ac.il%2Fboard%2Fsites%2Fboard%2Ffiles%2Finternationalmagazine_vol3_-_spring_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-family-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-family_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/family-trials#.VWZhU89Viko">Family Trials</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528032105/http://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/family-trials#.VWZhU89Viko">Archived</a> 28 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roman Brackman, <i>Israel at High Noon: From Stalin's Failed Satellite to the Challenge of Iran</i>, Enigma Books, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-929-63164-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-929-63164-3">978-1-929-63164-3</a> p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/48698787">Escape through Poland: Soviet Jewish Emigration in the 50s</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2013" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Scott (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780307476418/page/128"><i>Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East</i></a>. United States: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. <span class="nowrap">128–</span>129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385532938" title="Special:BookSources/9780385532938"><bdi>9780385532938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lawrence+in+Arabia%3A+War%2C+Deceit%2C+Imperial+Folly+and+the+Making+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E128-%3C%2Fspan%3E129&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780385532938&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780307476418%2Fpage%2F128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weizmann-vera">"Jewish Women Encyclopedia, Vera Weizmann"</a>. Jwa.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120813193046/http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/weizmann-vera">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Women+Encyclopedia%2C+Vera+Weizmann&rft.pub=Jwa.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2Fweizmann-vera&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1531206">Casualty Details</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084040/https://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1531206">Archived</a> 16 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Commonwealth War Graves Commission</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1531206/WEIZMANN,%20MICHAEL%20OSER">"Flight Lieutenant Michael Oser Weizmann | War Casualty Details 1531206"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217203016/http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/1531206/WEIZMANN,%20MICHAEL%20OSER">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Flight+Lieutenant+Michael+Oser+Weizmann+%26%23124%3B+War+Casualty+Details+1531206&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-war-dead%2Fcasualty%2F1531206%2FWEIZMANN%2C%2520MICHAEL%2520OSER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/1957/07/05/archive/yechiel-weizman-another-brother-of-dr-weizman-dies-in-israel">Yechiel Weizman Another Brother of Dr. Weizman, Dies in Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528035304/http://www.jta.org/1957/07/05/archive/yechiel-weizman-another-brother-of-dr-weizman-dies-in-israel">Archived</a> 28 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrmeMyre2005" class="citation news cs1">Orme, William A. Jr.; Myre, Greg (25 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/25/obituaries/ezer-weizman-former-president-of-israel-and-hero-of-1967-war.html">"Ezer Weizman, Former President of Israel and Hero of 1967 War, Dies at 80"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171208231553/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/25/obituaries/ezer-weizman-former-president-of-israel-and-hero-of-1967-war.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ezer+Weizman%2C+Former+President+of+Israel+and+Hero+of+1967+War%2C+Dies+at+80&rft.date=2005-04-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Orme&rft.aufirst=William+A.+Jr.&rft.au=Myre%2C+Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F04%2F25%2Fobituaries%2Fezer-weizman-former-president-of-israel-and-hero-of-1967-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chem.unifr.ch_bio-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chem.unifr.ch_bio_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-chem.unifr.ch/en/department/chaim_weizmann/chaim_weizmann_bio">Biography of Chaim Weizmann</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203021256/http://www-chem.unifr.ch/en/department/chaim_weizmann/chaim_weizmann_bio">Archived</a> 3 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zionism-israel-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zionism-israel_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zionism-israel_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zionism-israel.com/bio/Chaim_Weizmann_biography.htm">"Biography of Chaim Weizmann"</a>. Zionism-israel.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504042809/http://www.zionism-israel.com/bio/Chaim_Weizmann_biography.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+Chaim+Weizmann&rft.pub=Zionism-israel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zionism-israel.com%2Fbio%2FChaim_Weizmann_biography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAyache,_Georges2019" class="citation book cs1">Ayache, Georges (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1104137945"><i>Les douze piliers d'Israël</i></a>. Paris. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-262-07259-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-262-07259-9"><bdi>978-2-262-07259-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104137945">1104137945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+douze+piliers+d%27Isra%C3%ABl&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104137945&rft.isbn=978-2-262-07259-9&rft.au=Ayache%2C+Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1104137945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2007" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (2007). <i>Churchill and the Jews: a lifelong friendship</i>. New York: Henry Holt. p. 324. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781466829626" title="Special:BookSources/9781466829626"><bdi>9781466829626</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Churchill+and+the+Jews%3A+a+lifelong+friendship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=324&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781466829626&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jta.org/1948/10/03/archive/weizmann-reveals-truman-promised-negev-to-jews-surrenders-his-british-citizenship">Weizmann Reveals Truman Promised Negev to Jews; Surrenders His British Citizenship</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220110622/http://www.jta.org/1948/10/03/archive/weizmann-reveals-truman-promised-negev-to-jews-surrenders-his-british-citizenship">Archived</a> 20 February 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlenda_Abramson2005" class="citation book cs1">Glenda Abramson, ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L_FhfTvzjygC&q=%22Charles+Weizmann%22&pg=PA950"><i>Encyclopedia of Modern Jewish Culture</i></a>. Routledge. p. 950. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415298131" title="Special:BookSources/9780415298131"><bdi>9780415298131</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084040/https://books.google.com/books?id=L_FhfTvzjygC&pg=PA950&lpg=PA950&dq=%22Chaim+Weizmann%22+%22Charles+Weizmann%22&source=bl&ots=9M5Ayb5vcs&sig=yiNfTY0dn_aRgcF7hRKh30Bl7VM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DKUJVYOIKY2XaqTtgJgB&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Charles%20Weizmann%22&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>As a research chemist, he registered some 100 patents under the name Charles Weizmann.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Modern+Jewish+Culture&rft.pages=950&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780415298131&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL_FhfTvzjygC%26q%3D%2522Charles%2BWeizmann%2522%26pg%3DPA950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Schellenberg" title="Walter Schellenberg">Schellenberg, Walter</a> (2001) <i>Invasion, 1940: The Nazi Invasion Plan for Britain</i>, p. 260. Little Brown Book Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9536151-3-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9536151-3-8">0-9536151-3-8</a>. Accessed at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum" title="Imperial War Museum">Imperial War Museum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.docstoc.com/docs/44989860/Local-Industry-Owes-Much-to-Weizmann-powder">Local Industry Owes Much to Weizmann</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525193457/http://www.docstoc.com/docs/44989860/Local-Industry-Owes-Much-to-Weizmann-powder">Archived</a> 25 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFZalloum,_Abdulhay_Y.2011" class="citation book cs1">Zalloum, Abdulhay Y. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r1p9yhgryOsC&pg=PA84"><i>America in Islamistan: Trade, Oil and Blood</i></a>. Trafford Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781426927928" title="Special:BookSources/9781426927928"><bdi>9781426927928</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171112021742/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r1p9yhgryOsC&pg=PA84">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America+in+Islamistan%3A+Trade%2C+Oil+and+Blood&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781426927928&rft.au=Zalloum%2C+Abdulhay+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr1p9yhgryOsC%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">as reported by C.P.Scott in Wilson, pp. 333–334</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott's Diaries, p. 369</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070511004603/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/Organic_Chemistry/weizlab.shtml">"Chaim Weizmann Lab, Dept. of Organic Chemistry"</a>. Weizmann Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weizmann.ac.il/Organic_Chemistry/weizlab.shtml">the original</a> on 11 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann+Lab%2C+Dept.+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.pub=Weizmann+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weizmann.ac.il%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2Fweizlab.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weizmann.ac.il/pages/about-institute">"About the Institute"</a>. <i>Weizmann Institute of Science</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170704141920/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/pages/about-institute">Archived</a> from the original on 4 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weizmann+Institute+of+Science&rft.atitle=About+the+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weizmann.ac.il%2Fpages%2Fabout-institute&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWitschi2000" class="citation journal cs1">Witschi, H (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2F55.1.1">"Fritz Haber: 1868-1934"</a>. <i>Toxicological Sciences</i>. <b>55</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2F55.1.1">10.1093/toxsci/55.1.1</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10788553">10788553</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Fritz+Haber%3A+1868-1934&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Ftoxsci%2F55.1.1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10788553&rft.aulast=Witschi&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Ftoxsci%252F55.1.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weizmann.ac.il/chemistry/history">"Faculty of Chemistry | History"</a>. <i>Weizmann Institute of Science</i>. 23 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170812191031/http://www.weizmann.ac.il/chemistry/history">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Weizmann+Institute+of+Science&rft.atitle=Faculty+of+Chemistry+%7C+History&rft.date=2014-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weizmann.ac.il%2Fchemistry%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.unifr.ch/en/department/chaim_weizmann/chaim_weizmann_bio">"Chaim Weizmann – Biography"</a>. <i>University of Fribourg Department of Chemistry</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716231023/http://www.chem.unifr.ch/en/department/chaim_weizmann/chaim_weizmann_bio">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Fribourg+Department+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Chaim+Weizmann+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chem.unifr.ch%2Fen%2Fdepartment%2Fchaim_weizmann%2Fchaim_weizmann_bio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Alpert" title="Carl Alpert">Carl Alpert</a>, <i>TECHNION: The Story of Israel's Institute of Technology</i>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87203-102-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-87203-102-0">0-87203-102-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Current_Biography" title="Current Biography">Current Biography</a> 1942</i>, pp. 877–880.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 115</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lord Sieff, <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 67<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aderet-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aderet_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ofer Aderet, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium.highlight.MAGAZINE-this-founding-father-of-the-jewish-state-was-a-serial-cheater-who-hated-israel-1.9144888">"This Founding Father of the Jewish State Was a Serial Cheater Who Hated Israel"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, 12 September 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weizmann1983-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weizmann1983_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChaïm_Weizmann1983" class="citation book cs1">Chaïm Weizmann (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg3laOc4okEC&pg=PA301"><i>The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: August 1898 – July 1931</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-279-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-279-5"><bdi>978-0-87855-279-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521051602/https://books.google.com/books?id=Pg3laOc4okEC&pg=PA301">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+and+Papers+of+Chaim+Weizmann%3A+August+1898+%E2%80%93+July+1931&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-87855-279-5&rft.au=Cha%C3%AFm+Weizmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPg3laOc4okEC%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein, <i>The Balfour Declaration</i>, p. 109; Samuel, Memoirs, p. 139; Schneer, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlancy2012" class="citation news cs1">Glancy, Josh (1 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-features/89026/chaim-weizmann-and-how-balfour-declaration-was-made-manchester">"Chaim Weizmann and how the Balfour Declaration was made in Manchester"</a>. <i>The Jewish Chronicle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160506023809/http://www.thejc.com/lifestyle/lifestyle-features/89026/chaim-weizmann-and-how-balfour-declaration-was-made-manchester">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jewish+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Chaim+Weizmann+and+how+the+Balfour+Declaration+was+made+in+Manchester&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.aulast=Glancy&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejc.com%2Flifestyle%2Flifestyle-features%2F89026%2Fchaim-weizmann-and-how-balfour-declaration-was-made-manchester&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weizmann, <i>Trial and Error</i>, i, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Malcolm, Origins of the Balfour Declaration: Dr Weizmann's Contribution, Oxford, St Anthony's, MEC, J&ME, LSOC/2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Malcolm to Sykes, 3 February 1917, Hull University Sykes Papers, DDSY/2; Schneer, p. 195</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sacher, Zionist Portraits, p. 109<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott's Diaries, pp. 271-272</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">English Zionist Freedom</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, pp. 202-203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">MEC, Sykes Papers, note of a conference at 10 Downing Street on 3 April 1917</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott's Diaries, pp. 273–275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sokolow to Weizmann, 4 April 1917, CZA, Sokolow Papers</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, Scott, p. 306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, Stuart (1977) "The Conquest of a community? The Zionists and the Board of Deputies in 1917", Jewish Journal of Sociology, pp. 157-184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friedman, Isaiah (1973). <i>The Question of Palestine: British-Jewish-Arab Relations, 1914–1918</i>. Transaction Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3868-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-3868-9">978-1-4128-3868-9</a>. p. 247</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weizmann to Scott, 13 September 1917, in Stein, Letters, no. 501, 7510<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ginzberg to Weizmann, 5 September 1917, OUNBL, Stein Papers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup>; Schneer, p. 318</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Schneer,_Jonathan" class="mw-redirect" title="Schneer, Jonathan">Schneer, Jonathan</a>, <i>The Balfour Declaration</i>, 2010, p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vital, <i>Zionism</i>, p. 291, n50.; Schneer, p. 342</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">31 October 1917, 137(5–6), NA, Cab21/58.; Schneer, p. 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sacher, Zionist Portraits, p. 37<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schneer, p. 367</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_Barr_(author)" title="James Barr (author)">James Barr</a>, <i>A Line in the Sand</i>, p. 70 – Barr argues that Feisal was bribed by the British with <span style="white-space:nowrap">£150<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> pa to sustain the Caliphate.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS094.pdf">International Boundary Study, Jordan – Syria Boundary, No. 94 – 30 December 1969, p. 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327062139/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS094.pdf">Archived</a> 27 March 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> US Department of State</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 225</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben Halpern, A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizmann, and American Zionism (Studies in Jewish History) <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shamir, Ronen (2013) Current Flow: The Electrification of Palestine. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UEQggnBIUUgC&q=American+Provisional+Executive+Committee+for+General+Zionist+Affairs"><i>The Israeli-American connection: its roots in the yishuv, 1914–1945</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180216084040/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEQggnBIUUgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0">Archived</a> 16 February 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Neff1995" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Neff" title="Donald Neff">Donald Neff</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fallenpillars.htm">"Chapter 1 from <i>Fallen Pillars: U.S. Policy towards Palestine and Israel since 1945</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117152847/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/fallenpillars.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Chapter+1+from+Fallen+Pillars%3A+U.S.+Policy+towards+Palestine+and+Israel+since+1945&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Donald+Neff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fstyle%2Flongterm%2Fbooks%2Fchap1%2Ffallenpillars.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,739959,00.html">Religion: Zionist Chiefs</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130104029/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,739959,00.html">Archived</a> 30 January 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>, 28 July 1930</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cleveland, William L., <i>A History of the Modern Middle East</i>. Boulder, Colorado: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMandhai2017" class="citation web cs1">Mandhai, Shafik (2 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/11/2/what-balfour-means-to-jewish-critics-of-israel">"What Balfour means to Jewish critics of Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=What+Balfour+means+to+Jewish+critics+of+Israel&rft.date=2017-11-02&rft.aulast=Mandhai&rft.aufirst=Shafik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F11%2F2%2Fwhat-balfour-means-to-jewish-critics-of-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Barr, <i>A Line in the Sand</i>, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKessler2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oren_Kessler" title="Oren Kessler">Kessler, Oren</a> (31 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fathomjournal.org/mandate100-a-clean-cut-for-palestine-the-peel-commission-reexamined/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A Clean Cut' for Palestine: The Peel Commission Reexamined"</a>. <i>Fathom</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fathom&rft.atitle=%27A+Clean+Cut%27+for+Palestine%3A+The+Peel+Commission+Reexamined&rft.date=2020-03-31&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffathomjournal.org%2Fmandate100-a-clean-cut-for-palestine-the-peel-commission-reexamined%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Lustick" title="Ian Lustick">Ian S Lustick</a> and Matthew Berkman,'Zionist Theories of Peace in the Pre-State Era:Legacies of Dissimulation and Israel’s Arab Minority,' in Nadim N. Rouhana, Sahar S. Huneidi (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F0P4DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49"><i>Israel and its Palestinian Citizens: Ethnic Privileges in the Jewish State,</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2017 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-04483-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-04483-8">978-1-107-04483-8</a> pp. 39-72, pp. 49-50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weizmann1983p102-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Weizmann1983p102_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChaim_Weizmann1983" class="citation book cs1">Chaim Weizmann (1 January 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PsabNtx33VMC&pg=PA102"><i>The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: series B</i></a>. Transaction Publishers. pp. 102–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-297-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87855-297-9"><bdi>978-0-87855-297-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430044813/https://books.google.com/books?id=PsabNtx33VMC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> from the original on 30 April 2016. <q>On 25 November 1936, testifying before the Peel Commission, Weizmann said that there are in Europe <span style="white-space:nowrap">6<span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em">000</span></span> Jews ... "for whom the world is divided into places where they cannot live and places where they cannot enter."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+and+Papers+of+Chaim+Weizmann%3A+series+B&rft.pages=102-&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1983-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87855-297-9&rft.au=Chaim+Weizmann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPsabNtx33VMC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris2004p11-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris2004p11_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2004" class="citation book cs1">Benny Morris (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA11"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11, 48, 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00967-6"><bdi>978-0-521-00967-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319135626/http://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA11">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2013</span>. <q>p. 11: 'while the Zionist movement, after much agonising, accepted the principle of partition and the proposals as a basis for negotiation'; p. 49: 'In the end, after bitter debate, the Congress equivocally approved –by a vote of 299 to 160 – the Peel recommendations as a basis for further negotiation.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+Refugee+Problem+Revisited&rft.pages=11%2C+48%2C+49&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00967-6&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuM_kFX6edX8C%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Louis2006p391-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Louis2006p391_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Roger_Louis2006" class="citation book cs1">William Roger Louis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC"><i>Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-347-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-347-6"><bdi>978-1-84511-347-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103044644/http://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ends+of+British+Imperialism%3A+The+Scramble+for+Empire%2C+Suez%2C+and+Decolonization&rft.pages=391&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-347-6&rft.au=William+Roger+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNQnpQNKeKKAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKessler2023" class="citation book cs1">Kessler, Oren (2023). <i>Palestine 1936: The Great Revolt and the Roots of the Middle East Conflict</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. <span class="nowrap">101–</span>102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4880-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4880-8"><bdi>978-1-5381-4880-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+1936%3A+The+Great+Revolt+and+the+Roots+of+the+Middle+East+Conflict&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E102&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-4880-8&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=Oren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmanuel_Melzer1976" class="citation book cs1">Emanuel Melzer (1976). <i>No Way Out: The Politics of Polish Jewry 1935-1939</i>. Hebrew Union College Press. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Way+Out%3A+The+Politics+of+Polish+Jewry+1935-1939&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Hebrew+Union+College+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Emanuel+Melzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetower.org/article/jabotinskys-lost-moment-june-1940/">Jabotinsky Lost Moment June 1940</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haboker 26 October 1945. Document amongst the papers of Stephen Norman at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jta.org/1939/09/06/archive/chamberlain-welcomes-agencys-war-aid-says-it-will-be-kept-in-mind">"Chamberlain Welcomes Agency's War Aid; Says It Will Be "kept in Mind"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Jewish Telegraphic Agency</i>. 6 September 1939<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Telegraphic+Agency&rft.atitle=Chamberlain+Welcomes+Agency%27s+War+Aid%3B+Says+It+Will+Be+%22kept+in+Mind%22&rft.date=1939-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jta.org%2F1939%2F09%2F06%2Farchive%2Fchamberlain-welcomes-agencys-war-aid-says-it-will-be-kept-in-mind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerkowitz2007" class="citation book cs1">Berkowitz, Michael (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0PzzDmT0JM4C&pg=PA131"><i>The Crime of My Very Existence: Nazism and the Myth of Jewish Criminality</i></a>. University of California Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">131–</span>132. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94068-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-94068-0"><bdi>978-0-520-94068-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crime+of+My+Very+Existence%3A+Nazism+and+the+Myth+of+Jewish+Criminality&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E131-%3C%2Fspan%3E132&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-520-94068-0&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0PzzDmT0JM4C%26pg%3DPA131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lang1-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lang1_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLang2009" class="citation book cs1">Lang, Berel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s5XVD4EoEkkC&pg=PA133"><i>Philosophical Witnessing: The Holocaust as Presence</i></a>. UPNE. pp. <span class="nowrap">132–</span>133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-741-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-741-5"><bdi>978-1-58465-741-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philosophical+Witnessing%3A+The+Holocaust+as+Presence&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E132-%3C%2Fspan%3E133&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-741-5&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Berel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds5XVD4EoEkkC%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaim Weizmann, <i>Trial and Error</i>, Harper & Brothers, New York 1949, p. 426 ff.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cafetelaviv.de/2015/07/10/chaim-weizmann-mais-gummi-produktion/">"Chaim Weizmann : Mais zur Gummiproduktion | Nahost – Blog"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150711013625/http://www.transatlantikblog.de/2015/07/10/chaim-weizmann-mais-gummi-produktion/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann+%3A+Mais+zur+Gummiproduktion+%26%23124%3B+Nahost+%E2%80%93+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cafetelaviv.de%2F2015%2F07%2F10%2Fchaim-weizmann-mais-gummi-produktion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">known as the real leader of the Hungarian Jews, see: Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust, vol.3, p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dictionary of the Holocaust: biog, geog, and terminology, (eds.) Eric Joseph Epstein and <a href="/wiki/Philip_Rosen" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Rosen">Philip Rosen</a>, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 1997</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust</i>, p. 1642</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann</i>, Series B. Papers Volume II December 1931 – April 1952, Paper 87, pp. 636–37, Yad Chaim Weizmann (1984), Library of Congress Catalog No. 82-17442</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, <i>History of Israel</i>, p. 210</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWechsler2023" class="citation journal cs1">Wechsler, Shoham (3 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2023.2186858">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'He is living Israeli flag': The Right and the Presidency in Israel under Chaim Weizmann, 1948–1952"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>60</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">308–</span>319. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2023.2186858">10.1080/00263206.2023.2186858</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3206">0026-3206</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:258497805">258497805</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=%27He+is+living+Israeli+flag%27%3A+The+Right+and+the+Presidency+in+Israel+under+Chaim+Weizmann%2C+1948%E2%80%931952&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E308-%3C%2Fspan%3E319&rft.date=2023-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A258497805%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0026-3206&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2023.2186858&rft.aulast=Wechsler&rft.aufirst=Shoham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00263206.2023.2186858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.gov.il/English/The_Presidency_In_Israel/Presidents_Of_Israel/Pages/ChaimWeizmann.aspx">"Chaim Weizmann – First President of the State of Israel"</a>. <i>President of the State of Israel website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President+of+the+State+of+Israel+website&rft.atitle=Chaim+Weizmann+%E2%80%93+First+President+of+the+State+of+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.gov.il%2FEnglish%2FThe_Presidency_In_Israel%2FPresidents_Of_Israel%2FPages%2FChaimWeizmann.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, pp. 252-253</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, pp. 267–268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rose, p. 445</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wechsler, S. (2024). ‘Retirement home’ or ‘symbol of purity and nobility’? David Ben-Gurion’s changing perception of the Israeli presidency. Israel Affairs, 1–11. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2024.2342131">https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2024.2342131</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crossman, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiesgal & Carmichael, p. 2<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITESHORT" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITESHORT"><span title="More information is required to link this short citation to its long citation. (March 2023)">incomplete short citation</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">חיים עזריאל ויצמן</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Chayyim Azri'el Vaytsman</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Хаим Евзорович Вейцман</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Khaim Evzorovich Veytsman</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerlin1958" class="citation book cs1">Berlin, Isaiah (1958). <i>Chaim Weizmann</i>. London: Second Herbert Samuel Lecture.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Second+Herbert+Samuel+Lecture&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.aufirst=Isaiah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerlin1981" class="citation book cs1">Berlin, J. (1981). <i>Personal Impressions</i>. private info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Personal+Impressions&rft.series=private+info.&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Berlin&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrossman1960" class="citation book cs1">Crossman, Richard (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationrebornisra0000cros"><i>A Nation Reborn</i></a></span>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Nation+Reborn&rft.place=London&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Crossman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationrebornisra0000cros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDugdale1940" class="citation book cs1">Dugdale, Mrs Edgar (1940). <i>The Balfour Declaration: Origins and Background</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balfour+Declaration%3A+Origins+and+Background&rft.place=London&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Dugdale&rft.aufirst=Mrs+Edgar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1978" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Martin (1978). <i>Exile and Return: The Emergence of Jewish Statehood</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exile+and+Return%3A+The+Emergence+of+Jewish+Statehood&rft.place=London&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2008" class="citation book cs1">Gilbert, Sir Martin (2008) [1998]. <i>History of Israel</i>. Black Swan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Israel&rft.pub=Black+Swan&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Sir+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHalpern1987" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, Ben (1987). <i>A Clash of Heroes: Brandeis, Weizmann, and American Zionism</i>. London and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195040627" title="Special:BookSources/0195040627"><bdi>0195040627</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Clash+of+Heroes%3A+Brandeis%2C+Weizmann%2C+and+American+Zionism&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0195040627&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Ben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLeon1974" class="citation book cs1">Leon, Dan (1974). <i>Chaim Weizmann: elder statesman of Jewish Resistance</i>. Jewish Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann%3A+elder+statesman+of+Jewish+Resistance&rft.pub=Jewish+Library&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Leon&rft.aufirst=Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLitvinoff1982" class="citation book cs1">Litvinoff, Barnet (1982). <i>The Essential Chaim Weizmann: The Man, the Statesman, the Scientist</i>. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Chaim+Weizmann%3A+The+Man%2C+the+Statesman%2C+the+Scientist&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Litvinoff&rft.aufirst=Barnet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLitvinoff1968–1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Litvinoff, Barnet (1968–1984). <i>The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann</i>. Vol. 25 vols. New Brunswick, New Jersey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+and+Papers+of+Chaim+Weizmann&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.date=1968%2F1984&rft.aulast=Litvinoff&rft.aufirst=Barnet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinharz1992" class="citation journal cs1">Reinharz, Jehuda (1992). "His Majesty's Zionist Emissary: Chaim Weizmann's Mission to Gibraltar in 1917". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Contemporary_History" title="Journal of Contemporary History">Journal of Contemporary History</a></i>. <b>27</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">259–</span>277. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002200949202700203">10.1177/002200949202700203</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159644752">159644752</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+History&rft.atitle=His+Majesty%27s+Zionist+Emissary%3A+Chaim+Weizmann%27s+Mission+to+Gibraltar+in+1917&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E259-%3C%2Fspan%3E277&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002200949202700203&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159644752%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Reinharz&rft.aufirst=Jehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinharz1985" class="citation book cs1">Reinharz, Jehuda (1985). <i>Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Zionist Leader</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195034462" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195034462"><bdi>978-0195034462</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann%3A+The+Making+of+a+Zionist+Leader&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0195034462&rft.aulast=Reinharz&rft.aufirst=Jehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReinharz1993" class="citation book cs1">Reinharz, Jehuda (1993). <i>Chaim Weizmann: The Making of a Statesman</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195072150" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195072150"><bdi>978-0195072150</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann%3A+The+Making+of+a+Statesman&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0195072150&rft.aulast=Reinharz&rft.aufirst=Jehuda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRose1986" class="citation book cs1">Rose, Norman (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chaimweizmannbio00rose"><i>Chaim Weizmann: A Biography</i></a>. London: Elisabeth Sifton Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-80469-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-80469-X"><bdi>0-670-80469-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chaim+Weizmann%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Elisabeth+Sifton+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-670-80469-X&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchaimweizmannbio00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchneer2014" class="citation book cs1">Schneer, Jonathan (2014). <i>The Balfour Declaration: The Origins of Arab-Israeli Conflict</i>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1408809709" title="Special:BookSources/978-1408809709"><bdi>978-1408809709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balfour+Declaration%3A+The+Origins+of+Arab-Israeli+Conflict&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1408809709&rft.aulast=Schneer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStein1961" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Leonard (1961). <i>The Balfour Declaration</i>. London. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1597404754" title="Special:BookSources/978-1597404754"><bdi>978-1597404754</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balfour+Declaration&rft.place=London&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-1597404754&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStein1964" class="citation journal cs1">Stein, Leonard (1964). "Weizmann and England". London: Presidential Address to the Jewish Historical Society delivered in London, 11 November 1964.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Weizmann+and+England&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVerete1970" class="citation journal cs1">Verete, M. (January 1970). "The Balfour Declaration and its makers". <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>6</b>: <span class="nowrap">48–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263207008700138">10.1080/00263207008700138</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Balfour+Declaration+and+its+makers&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.date=1970-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263207008700138&rft.aulast=Verete&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVital1987" class="citation book cs1">Vital, David (1987). <i>Zionism: The Crucial Phase</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zionism%3A+The+Crucial+Phase&rft.place=London&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Vital&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="641–692" class="citation book cs1">Vital, David (1999). <i>A People Apart: The Jews in Europe 1789–1939</i>. Oxford Modern History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+People+Apart%3A+The+Jews+in+Europe+1789%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Oxford+Modern+History&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Vital&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilson1970" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Trevor, ed. (1970). <i>The Political Diaries of CP Scott, 1911–1928</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Diaries+of+CP+Scott%2C+1911%E2%80%931928&rft.date=1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWolf1934" class="citation book cs1">Wolf, Lucien (1934). Cecil Roth (ed.). <i>Essays in Jewish History</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Jewish+History&rft.place=London&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Lucien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaim+Weizmann" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Israel" title="President of Israel">Heads of state of Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairmen of the <br /> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_State_Council" title="Provisional State Council">Provisional State Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a> (1948)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chaim Weizmann</a> (1948–49)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/40px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/60px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Emblem_of_Israel.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents of the State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chaim Weizmann</a> (1949–52)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yosef_Sprinzak" title="Yosef Sprinzak">Yosef Sprinzak</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Zvi" title="Yitzhak Ben-Zvi">Yitzhak Ben-Zvi</a> (1952–63)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kadish_Luz" title="Kadish Luz">Kadish Luz</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalman_Shazar" title="Zalman Shazar">Zalman Shazar</a> (1963–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_Katzir" title="Ephraim Katzir">Ephraim Katzir</a> (1973–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Navon" title="Yitzhak Navon">Yitzhak Navon</a> (1978–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaim_Herzog" title="Chaim Herzog">Chaim Herzog</a> (1983–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezer_Weizman" title="Ezer Weizman">Ezer Weizman</a> (1993–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Burg" title="Avraham Burg">Avraham Burg</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Katsav" title="Moshe Katsav">Moshe Katsav</a> (2000–07)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalia_Itzik" title="Dalia Itzik">Dalia Itzik</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> (2007–14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuven_Rivlin" title="Reuven Rivlin">Reuven Rivlin</a> (2014–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Herzog" title="Isaac Herzog">Isaac Herzog</a> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Acting heads of state are denoted by italics.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_Weizmann_Institute_of_Science89" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Template:Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Presidents_of_Weizmann_Institute_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Weizmann_Institute_of_Science" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_Weizmann_Institute_of_Science89" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Weizmann_Institute_of_Science#Presidents" title="Weizmann Institute of Science">Presidents of Weizmann Institute of Science</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chaim Weizmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abba_Eban" title="Abba Eban">Abba Eban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Weisgal" title="Meyer Weisgal">Meyer Weisgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Dostrovsky" title="Israel Dostrovsky">Israel Dostrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sela" title="Michael Sela">Michael Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Dvoretzky" title="Aryeh Dvoretzky">Aryeh Dvoretzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Harari" title="Haim Harari">Haim Harari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Chet" title="Ilan Chet">Ilan Chet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Zajfman" title="Daniel Zajfman">Daniel Zajfman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alon_Chen" title="Alon Chen">Alon Chen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/42px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/20px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/40px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/19px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/29px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/38px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3234" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3234" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172183#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000109078777">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/61778920">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/840/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJj4qPDbhXmMcpgjdWRdwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118630709">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50003498">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14509036r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14509036r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an3524858">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002157572&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1468649">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/268478">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p069404909">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90203942">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000140283&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000147979">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=255183">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn2410s819dvv1w">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810654284305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/261125">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007269736405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04527894?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/881374">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118630709.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118630709">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/08167886X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/027849">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10582551">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6t731c5">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaim_Weizmann&oldid=1276785309">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaim_Weizmann&oldid=1276785309</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1874_births" title="Category:1874 births">1874 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1952_deaths" title="Category:1952 deaths">1952 deaths</a></li><li><a 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