CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Speyer Cathedral - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"84da0998-40be-4063-8ee9-190c1218a0ab","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Speyer_Cathedral","wgTitle":"Speyer Cathedral","wgCurRevisionId":1265359842,"wgRevisionId":1265359842,"wgArticleId":4410605,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020","Webarchive template wayback links","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica","Use dmy dates from February 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata", "Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Commons link from Wikidata","Articles with German-language sources (de)","Pages using the Kartographer extension","1060s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire","Buildings and structures completed in 1061","Churches completed in the 1060s","Burial sites of the House of Habsburg","Churches in Speyer","Romanesque architecture in Germany","Roman Catholic cathedrals in Rhineland-Palatinate","Basilica churches in Germany","Church buildings with domes","World Heritage Sites in Germany","Imperial cathedrals","Burial sites of the Salian dynasty","11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany","Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor","Burials sites of the House of Hohenstaufen"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Speyer_Cathedral","wgRelevantArticleId":4410605,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":49.3172,"lon":8.4424},"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q22720","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.staticframe","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/1200px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/800px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/640px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Speyer Cathedral - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Speyer_Cathedral rootpage-Speyer_Cathedral skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Speyer+Cathedral" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Speyer+Cathedral" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Speyer+Cathedral" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Speyer+Cathedral" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History and architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History and architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Modern era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_condition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_condition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Present condition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present_condition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Heritage_Site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Heritage_Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World Heritage Site</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Heritage_Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Dimensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Crypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chapels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bells" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bells"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bells</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bells-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimensions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimensions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dimensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimensions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surroundings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surroundings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Surroundings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surroundings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Surroundings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Surroundings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heidentürmchen_(Heath_Tower)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heidentürmchen_(Heath_Tower)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Heidentürmchen (Heath Tower)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heidentürmchen_(Heath_Tower)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hall_of_Antiques_(Antikenhalle)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hall_of_Antiques_(Antikenhalle)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hall of Antiques (Antikenhalle)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hall_of_Antiques_(Antikenhalle)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_Postage_Stamps_featuring_Speyer_cathedral" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_Postage_Stamps_featuring_Speyer_cathedral"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>German Postage Stamps featuring Speyer cathedral</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_Postage_Stamps_featuring_Speyer_cathedral-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Speyer Cathedral</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domkerk_van_Speyer" title="Domkerk van Speyer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Domkerk van Speyer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كاتدرائية شباير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاتدرائية شباير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շփայերի տաճար – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Շփայերի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Шпаерскі сабор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шпаерскі сабор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Шпаерская катэдра – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шпаерская катэдра" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Шпайерска катедрала – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шпайерска катедрала" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedrala_u_Speyeru" title="Katedrala u Speyeru – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Katedrala u Speyeru" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_d%27Espira" title="Catedral d'Espira – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catedral d'Espira" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedr%C3%A1la_Panny_Marie_a_svat%C3%A9ho_%C5%A0t%C4%9Bp%C3%A1na_(%C5%A0p%C3%BDr)" title="Katedrála Panny Marie a svatého Štěpána (Špýr) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katedrála Panny Marie a svatého Štěpána (Špýr)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerdomen" title="Speyerdomen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Speyerdomen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerer_Dom" title="Speyerer Dom – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Speyerer Dom" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerer_Dom" title="Speyerer Dom – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Speyerer Dom" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A3%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Καθεδρικός Ναός του Σπάιερ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καθεδρικός Ναός του Σπάιερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Espira" title="Catedral de Espira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catedral de Espira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedralo_de_Speyer" title="Katedralo de Speyer – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katedralo de Speyer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spirako_katedrala" title="Spirako katedrala – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Spirako katedrala" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="کلیسای جامع اشپیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلیسای جامع اشپیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Notre-Dame-de-l%27Assomption-et-Saint-%C3%89tienne_de_Spire" title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption-et-Saint-Étienne de Spire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption-et-Saint-Étienne de Spire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_fan_Spiers" title="Dom fan Spiers – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dom fan Spiers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_%EB%8C%80%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%B9" title="슈파이어 대성당 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈파이어 대성당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Շպայերի տաճար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շպայերի տաճար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedrala_u_Speyeru" title="Katedrala u Speyeru – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katedrala u Speyeru" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedral_Speyer" title="Katedral Speyer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katedral Speyer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duomo_di_Spira" title="Duomo di Spira – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Duomo di Spira" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%AA%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="קתדרלת שפייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קתדרלת שפייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="შპაიერის ტაძარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შპაიერის ტაძარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecclesia_Cathedralis_Spirensis" title="Ecclesia Cathedralis Spirensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ecclesia Cathedralis Spirensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pejerio_katedra" title="Špejerio katedra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Špejerio katedra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyeri_d%C3%B3m" title="Speyeri dóm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Speyeri dóm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Шпајерска катедрала – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шпајерска катедрала" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katidral_ta%27_Speyer" title="Katidral ta' Speyer – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Katidral ta' Speyer" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كاثدرائيه شباير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاثدرائيه شباير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%80%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%92%E1%80%9B%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="စပိုင်းယား ကသီဒရယ် ဘုရားရှိခိုးကျောင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပိုင်းယား ကသီဒရယ် ဘုရားရှိခိုးကျောင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_van_Speyer" title="Dom van Speyer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dom van Speyer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%91%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82" title="シュパイアー大聖堂 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シュパイアー大聖堂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerdomen" title="Speyerdomen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Speyerdomen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer_domkyrkje" title="Speyer domkyrkje – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Speyer domkyrkje" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerer_Dom" title="Speyerer Dom – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Speyerer Dom" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="سپئیر گرجا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپئیر گرجا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedra_w_Spirze" title="Katedra w Spirze – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katedra w Spirze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catedral_de_Speyer" title="Catedral de Speyer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catedral de Speyer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domul_din_Speyer" title="Domul din Speyer – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Domul din Speyer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Шпайерский собор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шпайерский собор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerer_Doom" title="Speyerer Doom – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Speyerer Doom" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedr%C3%A1la_Panny_M%C3%A1rie_a_sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_%C5%A0tefana_(Speyer)" title="Katedrála Panny Márie a svätého Štefana (Speyer) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katedrála Panny Márie a svätého Štefana (Speyer)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolnica_Marijinega_vnebovzetja_in_svetega_%C5%A0tefana,_Speyer" title="Stolnica Marijinega vnebovzetja in svetega Štefana, Speyer – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stolnica Marijinega vnebovzetja in svetega Štefana, Speyer" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%83_%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83" title="Катедрала у Шпејеру – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Катедрала у Шпејеру" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katedrala_u_Speyeru" title="Katedrala u Speyeru – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katedrala u Speyeru" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyerin_tuomiokirkko" title="Speyerin tuomiokirkko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Speyerin tuomiokirkko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyers_domkyrka" title="Speyers domkyrka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Speyers domkyrka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Katedrali" title="Speyer Katedrali – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Speyer Katedrali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Шпаєрський собор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шпаєрський собор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_th%E1%BB%9D_ch%C3%ADnh_t%C3%B2a_Speyer" title="Nhà thờ chính tòa Speyer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà thờ chính tòa Speyer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E6%B4%BE%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%BA%A7%E5%A0%82" title="施派尔主教座堂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="施派尔主教座堂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22720#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Speyer_Cathedral" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Speyer_Cathedral" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Speyer_Cathedral" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&oldid=1265359842" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Speyer_Cathedral&id=1265359842&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpeyer_Cathedral"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSpeyer_Cathedral"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Speyer_Cathedral&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22720" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Speyer_Cathedral&params=49.3172_N_8.4424_E_type:landmark_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°19′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°26′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.3172°N 8.4424°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.3172; 8.4424</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Speyer, Germany</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Speyer Cathedral</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">The Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname" lang="de">Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer_dom_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/220px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/330px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Speyer_dom_11.jpg/440px-Speyer_dom_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3183" data-file-height="2122" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="["_8eb306379c0f69fc269718a20f1fc87b3b1acd53"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Speyer_Cathedral&revid=1265359842&groups=_8eb306379c0f69fc269718a20f1fc87b3b1acd53" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Speyer_Cathedral&revid=1265359842&groups=_8eb306379c0f69fc269718a20f1fc87b3b1acd53 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Speyer_Cathedral&params=49.3172_N_8.4424_E_type:landmark_region:DE"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°19′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">8°26′33″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.3172°N 8.4424°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.3172; 8.4424</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category">Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dom-zu-speyer.de/">www<wbr />.dom-zu-speyer<wbr />.de</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1030</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">Consecrated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1061</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Functional status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Cathedral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heritage designation</th><td class="infobox-data category">UNESCO World Heritage Site</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sacred_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred architecture">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Speyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Speyer">Diocese of Speyer</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Clergy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishop(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Wiesemann" title="Karl-Heinz Wiesemann">Karl-Heinz Wiesemann</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Cultural</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criteria</th><td class="infobox-data">ii</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">1981 (5th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/168">168</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">Europe and North America</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Property</th><td class="infobox-data">0.558 ha (1.38 acres)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Speyer Cathedral</b>, officially <i>the Imperial Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption and St Stephen</i>, in Latin: <b>Domus sanctae Mariae Spirae</b> (German: <i>Dom zu Unserer lieben Frau in Speyer</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>, Germany, is the seat of the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Speyer" title="Bishop of Speyer">Bishop of Speyer</a> and is <a href="/wiki/Suffragan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffragan">suffragan</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Bamberg" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg</a>. The cathedral, which is dedicated to St. Mary, patron saint of Speyer ("Patrona Spirensis") and St. Stephen is generally known as the <b>Kaiserdom zu Speyer</b> (Imperial Cathedral of Speyer).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> raised Speyer Cathedral to the rank of a minor basilica of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> in 1925. </p><p>Begun in 1030 under <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a>, with the east end and high vault of 1090–1103, the imposing triple-aisled vaulted <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a> of red <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> is the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries".<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the burial site for <a href="/wiki/Salian_dynasty" title="Salian dynasty">Salian</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hohenstaufen" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Hohenstaufen">Staufer</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Habsburg</a> emperors and kings the cathedral is regarded as a symbol of imperial power.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baukunst,_Vol_1981-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Cluny" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey of Cluny">Abbey of Cluny</a> in ruins, it is the largest remaining <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> church and building.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is considered to be "a turning point in European architecture",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the most important architectural monuments of its time<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one of the finest Romanesque monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, the cathedral was added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage List</a> of culturally important sites as "a major monument of Romanesque art in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">German Empire</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dom-speyer.de_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-speyer.de-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Welterbestätten_Deutschland_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welterbestätten_Deutschland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_architecture">History and architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:396px;max-width:396px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">Plan and interior</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg/140px-Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg/210px-Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg/280px-Dehio_48_Speyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1994" data-file-height="4626" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Plan in the 19th century revealing the "double-bay" system of vaulting</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:250px;max-width:250px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg/248px-Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="248" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg/372px-Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg/496px-Speyerer_Dom_Mittelschiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Interior looking east</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In 1025, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a> ordered the construction of the Christian Western world's largest church in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Speyer" title="History of Speyer">Speyer</a> which was also supposed to be his last resting place. Construction began in 1030 on the site of a former basilica which stood on an elevated plateau right by the Rhine but safe from high water. Along with <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> (begun 1075), <a href="/wiki/Cluny_Abbey" title="Cluny Abbey">Cluny Abbey</a> (Cluny III, begun 1085), and <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Durham Cathedral</a> (begun 1093), it was the most ambitious project of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The red <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> for the building came from the mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Palatine_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatine Forest">Palatine Forest</a> and is thought to have been shipped down the channelled <a href="/wiki/Speyerbach" title="Speyerbach">Speyerbach</a>, a stream running from the mountains into the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> at Speyer.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neither Conrad II, nor his son <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a>, were to see the cathedral completed. Conrad II died in 1039 and was buried in the cathedral while it was still under construction; Henry III was laid next to him in 1056. The graves were placed in the central aisle in front of the altar. </p><p>Nearly completed, the cathedral was consecrated in 1061. This phase of construction, called <i>Speyer I</i>, consists of a <a href="/wiki/Westwerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Westwerk">Westwerk</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a> with two aisles and an adjoining <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choir</a> was flanked by two towers. The original <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> was round inside but rectangular on the outside. The nave was covered with a flat wooden ceiling but the aisles were vaulted, making the cathedral the second largest vaulted building north of the Alps (after <a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a>). It is considered to be the most stunning outcome of early Salian architecture and the "culmination of a design which was extremely influential in the subsequent development of Romanesque architecture during the 11th and 12th centuries".<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dombauverein-speyer.de-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1090, Conrad's grandson, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a>, conducted an ambitious reconstruction in order to enlarge the cathedral. He had the eastern sections demolished and the foundations reinforced to a depth of up to eight metres. Only the lower floors and the crypt of <i>Speyer I</i> remained intact. The nave was elevated by five metres and the flat wooden ceiling was replaced with a <a href="/wiki/Groin_vault" title="Groin vault">groin vault</a> of square bays, one of the outstanding achievements of Romanesque architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each vault extends over two bays of elevation. Every second pier was enlarged by adding a broad pilaster or <i>dosseret</i>, which formed a system of interior buttressing. Engaged shafts had appeared around 1030 in buildings along the Loire (<a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-sur-Loire" title="Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire">Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loches" title="Loches">Loches</a>) from where the technique spread to Normandy and the Rhineland.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The only other contemporary example of such a bay system is in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sant_Vicen%C3%A7" title="Church of Sant Vicenç">Church of Sant Vicenç</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cardona,_Spain" title="Cardona, Spain">Cardona, Spain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "<a href="/wiki/Double-bay_system" title="Double-bay system">double-bay system</a>" of Speyer functioning as a support for the stone vaults was copied in many monuments along the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The addition of groin vaults made the incorporation of <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> windows possible without weakening the structure. "The result is an interior of monumental power, albeit stark and prismatic when compared with contemporary French buildings, but one which conveys an impression of Roman <i>gravitas</i>, an impression singularly appropriate for a ruler with the political pretensions of Henry IV."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG/220px-SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG/330px-SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG/440px-SpeyererDom_SchraudolphGem%C3%A4lde.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Architectural details of the nave, and paintings by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schraudolph" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Schraudolph">Johann Schraudolph</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the course of these modifications the cathedral was equipped with an external <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_gallery" title="Dwarf gallery">dwarf gallery</a>, an arcaded gallery recessed into the thickness of the walls, and which is a natural development of the <a href="/wiki/Blind_arcade" title="Blind arcade">blind arcade</a>. Such blind arcades were used extensively as decorations, lining internal and external walls of many Romanesque churches. At the east end of Speyer Cathedral the dwarf gallery and the blind arcades were composed into "one of the most memorable pieces of Romanesque design".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dwarf gallery encircles the top of the apse, underlining its rounded form, and runs all around the structure below the roofline. This feature soon became a fundamental element in Romanesque churches;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was adopted at <a href="/wiki/Worms_Cathedral" title="Worms Cathedral">Worms Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mainz_Cathedral" title="Mainz Cathedral">Mainz Cathedral</a>, and on the façades of many churches in Italy (see detail in gallery below). "The cathedral re-emerged in a more sculptural style typical of the prime of the Romanesque period."<sup id="cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dombauverein-speyer.de-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The transept, the square of the choir, the apse, the central tower and the flanking towers were combined in a manner and size surpassing anything done before. All surfaces and edges rise without stages. The major elements within the combination remain independent.... Speyer became a model for many other church buildings but was unsurpassed in its magnificence."<sup id="cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baukunst,_Vol_1981-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The expanded cathedral, <i>Speyer II</i>, was completed in 1106, the year of Henry's IV death. With a length of 444 Roman feet (134 metres) and a width of 111 Roman feet (43 metres) it was one of the largest buildings of its time.<sup id="cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baukunst,_Vol_1981-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building became a political issue: the enlargement of the cathedral in the small village of Speyer with only around 500 inhabitants was a blunt provocation for the papacy. The emperor not only laid claim to secular but also to ecclesiastical power, and with the magnificence and splendour of this cathedral he underlined this bold demand. The purpose of the building, already a strong motive for Conrad, was the emperor's "claim to a representative imperial Roman architecture" in light of the continuing struggle with <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Pope Gregory VII</a>. Thus, Speyer Cathedral is also seen as a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a>. It was only five years after his death that Henry IV's <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> was revoked and his body was put to rest in his cathedral in 1111.<sup id="cite_ref-goruma.de_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goruma.de-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the following centuries the cathedral remained relatively unchanged. In a drawing of 1610 a <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> chapel has been added to the northern aisle, and in a drawing of around 1650 there is another Gothic window in the northern side of the Westwerk. In a drawing of 1750 depicting the cathedral with the destroyed middle section the latter window is absent. File: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:428px;max-width:428px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">View from south west</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg/220px-Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg/330px-Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Speyer-koelner-zeichnung.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">View showing the original westwork in 1606</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg/200px-Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg/300px-Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg/400px-Speyer_Dom_pano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1772" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The new westwork by Heinrich Hübsch, 1854–1858</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The last ruler was put to rest in the cathedral in 1308, completing a list of eight emperors and kings and a number of their wives: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II</a> (died 1039) and his wife <a href="/wiki/Gisela_of_Swabia" title="Gisela of Swabia">Gisela</a> (died 1043)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a> (died 1056), son of Conrad II.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV</a> (died 1106), son of Henry III, and his wife <a href="/wiki/Bertha_of_Savoy" title="Bertha of Savoy">Bertha</a> (died 1087)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> (died 1125), son of Henry IV.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_I,_Countess_of_Burgundy" title="Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy">Beatrice I</a> (died 1184), second wife of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick Barbarossa</a> and their daughter Agnes</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Philipp_of_Swabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp of Swabia">Philipp of Swabia</a> (died 1208), son of Frederick Barbarossa</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolph I of Germany">Rudolph of Habsburg</a> (died 1291)</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Adolf_of_Nassau-Weilburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg">Adolph of Nassau</a> (died 1298)</li> <li>King <a href="/wiki/Albert_I_of_Germany" title="Albert I of Germany">Albert I of Germany</a> (died 1308), son of Rudolph of Habsburg</li></ul> <p>(Note: all eight of these rulers were kings of Germany. However, to receive the title of Holy Roman Emperor, they had to be crowned by the pope. When relations between the pope and German king were good, they were crowned "Imperator Romanum" or Holy Roman Emperor. When relations were strained, the popes refused to crown the king as emperor. So essentially these were all eight Holy Roman Emperors, but four of them were "uncrowned".) </p><p>In addition to these rulers the cathedral is the resting place of several of the ruler's wives and many of Speyer's bishops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era">Modern era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although repeatedly occupied and ransacked, town and cathedral survived the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> (1618–1648) with little damage. During the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War" title="Nine Years' War">Nine Years' War</a> (Palatinate War of Succession 1688–97), the people of Speyer brought furniture and possessions into the cathedral, stacking everything several metres high hoping to save them from the French troops of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> marauding the town. But on 31 May 1689 the soldiers broke in, pillaged the imperial graves and set everything alight. On that day almost the whole town of Speyer was burned down. In the heat of the fire the western part of the nave collapsed and the late Gothic elements were destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-dom-speyer.de_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dom-speyer.de-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg/220px-Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg/330px-Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg/440px-Speyer_wiener_zeichnung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><i>Wiener Zeichnung</i> (Vienna Sketch, 1610) showing Gothic addition to northern side</figcaption></figure> <p>In the great fire the <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishops</a> of Speyer lost their residence and a plan was considered to build a new one in the style of a Baroque <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">château</a> in place of the cathedral. Because of the hostility of the people of Speyer towards the bishop it was decided to build a palace in <a href="/wiki/Bruchsal" title="Bruchsal">Bruchsal</a>. </p><p>For almost a century only the eastern part of the cathedral was secured and used for services. Under the direction of Franz Ignaz M. Neumann, the son of renowned Baroque architect <a href="/wiki/Johann_Balthasar_Neumann" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Balthasar Neumann">Balthasar Neumann</a>, the building was restored from 1748 to 1772. The Romanesque nave was reconstructed, but the <a href="/wiki/Westwork" title="Westwork">westwork</a> rebuilt in the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> style on its remaining lower section. The funds were not sufficient to rebuild the whole cathedral in the style of the time. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer_vor_1750.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Speyer_vor_1750.jpg/220px-Speyer_vor_1750.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Speyer_vor_1750.jpg/330px-Speyer_vor_1750.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Speyer_vor_1750.jpg/440px-Speyer_vor_1750.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1529" /></a><figcaption>Speyer before 1750, revealing damage caused in 1689</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1792 Speyer was again occupied, this time by French revolutionary troops, and once more the cathedral was pillaged. During the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> (1803 to 1815) the cathedral was used as a stable and storage facility for fodder and other material. In 1806 the French had in mind to tear the building down and use it as a quarry, which was only prevented by the bishop of Mainz, Joseph Ludwig Colmar. After <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s victories over the Prussian and Russian armies in the Battles of Grossgörschen and Lützen in 1813, around 4,000 wounded soldiers came to Speyer. After the battle of Leipzig there were even more and the cathedral was needed as an army hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-goruma.de_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goruma.de-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> (1815), Speyer and the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_(region)" title="Palatinate (region)">Palatinate</a> passed to <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. At the behest of King <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_I_of_Bavaria" title="Ludwig I of Bavaria">Ludwig I of Bavaria</a>, Johann von Schraudolph and Joseph Schwarzmann decorated the interior walls of the cathedral with Nazarene style frescoes (1846–1853). 1854 to 1858, Ludwig's successor, King <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_II_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian II of Bavaria">Maximilian II</a>, had the Baroque westwork replaced by a <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanesque Revival">Neo-Romanesque</a> one, with the two tall towers and the octagonal dome resembling those that were lost, thus restoring the cathedral's overall Romanesque appearance. The roofs were lowered and covered with copper. Only the Gothic sacristy kept its slate roof. <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Rottmanner" title="Eduard Rottmanner">Eduard Rottmanner</a> was organist at the church from 1839 to 1843. </p><p>On 24 September 1861, the then Prince of Wales of United Kingdom, Prince Albert Edward, who would later become <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a>, first met his Danish born wife, Princess Alexandra later <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra</a> at the Speyer Cathedral. </p><p>In designing the façade of the westwork, Heinrich Hübsch, an architect of early <a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a>, created a Neo Romanesque design which drew on features of the original westwork and those of several other Romanesque buildings, scaling the windows differently and introducing a gable on the facade, a row of statues over the main portal and polychrome stonework in sandstone yellow and rust. These restorations coincided with the development of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> and German nationalism, during which many buildings were restored in the Romanesque and <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>. Speyer Cathedral was elevated to the level of a national monument. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---(Gentry).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg/220px-Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg/330px-Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg/440px-Speyer---Cathedral---South-View---%28Gentry%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Speyer Cathedral from the south</figcaption></figure> <p>The interior decorations and the new westwork were considered a major feat in the 19th century. Ludwig I was of the opinion that nothing greater had been created than these paintings. Yet, by the start of the 20th century, the mood had changed. In 1916, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Dehio" title="Georg Dehio">Georg Dehio</a>, a German art historian, was convinced that among all the misfortunes to befall the cathedral, the alterations of the 19th century were not the smallest.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The graves of the emperors and kings were originally placed in the central aisle in front of the altar. In the course of the centuries knowledge of the exact location was lost. In a big excavation campaign in 1900 the graves were discovered and opened and the identity of the rulers was established. Some of the contents, e. g. clothing, can be seen at the Historical Museum of the Palatinate near the cathedral. The restored coffins were relocated into a newly constructed crypt open to the public under the main altar in 1906. </p><p>The restoration of the cathedral, beginning in 1957 "was directed towards both securing the structure and recreating the original atmosphere of the interior".<sup id="cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dombauverein-speyer.de-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the plaster and 19th-century paintings from the walls was removed. Only the cycle of 24 scenes from the life of the Virgin between the windows of the nave have been preserved. Gables which had been removed from the transept and choir during the Baroque era were replaced using etchings and examples in related buildings. Changes in the crossing were also undone, but enforcements from the Baroque were left in place for structural reasons. Also, the Baroque style curved roof on the eastern dome remained.<sup id="cite_ref-goruma.de_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goruma.de-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_condition">Present condition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Present condition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:428px;max-width:428px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg/200px-Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg/300px-Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg/400px-Speyer_-_Altstadt_-_Dom_-_Ansicht_der_Ostfassade_schr%C3%A4g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3613" data-file-height="4873" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">East front of Speyer Cathedral</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG/220px-East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG/330px-East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG/440px-East-front-of-Speyer-Cathedral-09.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The eastern apsidal end, showing the encircling gallery</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Speyer Cathedral has maintained the overall form and dimensions of the 11th-century structure and, despite substantial losses to the original fabric and successive restorations, presents a complete and unified Romanesque building. The design broadly follows the plan that was established at <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church</a> in Hildesheim and set the standard that was to be generally adopted in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This comprised a high vaulted nave with aisles, with a domed crossing towards at the east which terminated in an apsidal chancel. The horizontal orientation already points to the development of the Gothic architecture. The western end terminates in an elaborate structure known as a "Westwerk" including the main portal, a feature typical of many Romanesque churches. Other German Romanesque churches, such as <a href="/wiki/Worms_Cathedral" title="Worms Cathedral">Worms Cathedral</a> have an apse at both ends. Externally, the silhouette of the building is balanced by two pairs of tall towers which frame the nave at the western end and the chancel to the east, and form a sculptural mass with the dome at each end, creating an "equilibrium between the eastern and western blocks".<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of its features are still the same exterior but the interior has undergone many renovations supporting the foundation but changing the interior greatly. </p><p>The exterior appearance of the cathedral is unified by the regularity of the size of its openings. Speyer has the earliest example in Germany of a <a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">colonnaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">dwarf gallery</a> that goes around the entire building, just below the roofline. The same type of gallery also adorns the eastern and western domes. The openings in the gallery match the size of the paired windows in the towers. The domes are both octagonal, the roof of the eastern one being slightly ovoid. The towers are surmounted by "Rhenish helm" spires. The nave, towers and domes are all roofed with copper, which has weathered to pale green, in contrast to the pinkish red of the building stone, and the polychrome of the Westwerk. </p><p>Internally, the nave is of two open stages with simple semi-circular Romanesque openings. The <a href="/wiki/Arcade_(architecture)" title="Arcade (architecture)">arcade</a> has piers of a simple form, each with a wide attached shaft, the alternate shafts carrying a stone arch of the high vault. The square bays thus formed are groin vaulted and plastered. Although most of the plasterwork of the 19th century has been removed from wall surfaces, the wide expanse of masonry between the arcade and the <a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">clerestory</a> contains a series of colourful murals depicting the <i>Life of the Virgin</i>. </p><p>The cathedral has recently undergone fundamental restorations, which cost around 26 million Euros. In addition the frescos by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Schraudolph" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Schraudolph">Johann Schraudolph</a>, which were removed in the 1950s, were restored and are now displayed in the "Kaisersaal" of the cathedral. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Stages of construction and reconstruction</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1061.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1061"><img alt="1061" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Speyrer_Dom_1061.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1061.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Speyrer_Dom_1061.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1061.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Speyrer_Dom_1061.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1061.png 2x" data-file-width="722" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1061</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1135.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1106"><img alt="1106" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Speyrer_Dom_1135.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1135.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Speyrer_Dom_1135.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1135.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Speyrer_Dom_1135.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1135.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="433" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1106</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1754.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1689"><img alt="1689" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Speyrer_Dom_1754.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1754.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Speyrer_Dom_1754.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1754.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Speyrer_Dom_1754.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1754.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1689</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1756.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1756"><img alt="1756" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Speyrer_Dom_1756.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1756.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Speyrer_Dom_1756.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1756.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Speyrer_Dom_1756.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1756.png 2x" data-file-width="715" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1756</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1854.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1778"><img alt="1778" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Speyrer_Dom_1854.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1854.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Speyrer_Dom_1854.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1854.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Speyrer_Dom_1854.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1854.png 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1778</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_1967.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1858"><img alt="1858" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Speyrer_Dom_1967.png/120px-Speyrer_Dom_1967.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Speyrer_Dom_1967.png/180px-Speyrer_Dom_1967.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Speyrer_Dom_1967.png/240px-Speyrer_Dom_1967.png 2x" data-file-width="718" data-file-height="434" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1858</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Heritage_Site">World Heritage Site</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World Heritage Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 1981, Speyer Cathedral was added to the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> of culturally important sites. The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) justified the inclusion: "The cathedral of Speyer, with those of <a href="/wiki/Worms_Cathedral" title="Worms Cathedral">Worms</a> and Mayence (<a href="/wiki/Mainz_Cathedral" title="Mainz Cathedral">Mainz</a>), is a major monument of Romanesque art in the German Empire. It is, by virtue of its proportions, the largest and the most important; by virtue of the history to which it is linked – the Salic emperors made it their place of burial."<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Welterbestätten_Deutschland_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Welterbestätten_Deutschland-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ICOMOS also cites the building as important in demonstrating the evolution in attitudes towards restoration since the 17th century, both in Germany and the world.<sup id="cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions">Dimensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dimensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Total length: 134 m (from the steps at the entrance to the exterior wall of the east apse)</li> <li>External width of the nave (with aisles): 37.62 m (from exterior wall to exterior wall)</li> <li>Internal width of the nave: 14 m</li> <li>Height of the nave at the vertex of the vaults: 33 m</li> <li>Height of the eastern spires: 71.20 m</li> <li>Height of the western spires: 65.60 m</li> <li>Crypt Length: east-west 35 m; north-south 46 m Height: between 6.2 m and 6.5 m</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crypt">Crypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg/220px-Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg/330px-Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg/440px-Dehio_48_Speyer_Crypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2335" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption>Layout of the crypt of Speyer Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg/220px-Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg/330px-Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg/440px-Krypta_des_Doms_zu_Speyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5421" data-file-height="3476" /></a><figcaption>The crypt of Speyer Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the centuries, crypts developed from tiny chambers into large semi-subterranean and very articulated <b>hall crypts</b>, which became standard forms in Italy and Germany, sometimes extending under the transepts as well as the chancel. The monumental crypt of Speyer Cathedral, consecrated in 1041, is the largest Romanesque columned hall crypt in Europe, with an area of 850 m<sup>2</sup> (9,149 sq ft) and a height of approx. 7 m. Forty-two groin-vaults are supported on twenty cylindrical columns with simple cushion capitals. The sandstone blocks alternate in colour between yellow and rust, a typical design of the Salian and Staufer era, and providing the context of the colour-scheme of the 19th century facade. The "architectural clarity is quite exceptional, a result of the precise execution of the base moldings and the cushion capitals, together with the emphatic system of <a href="/wiki/Transverse_arch" title="Transverse arch">transverse arches</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><small>(see detail below)</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapels">Chapels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chapels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG/220px-SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG/330px-SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG/440px-SpeyerCathedralAfraChapel1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Double chapel of Saint Emmeram and Saint Catherine, upper level with opening to the bottom</figcaption></figure> <p>On the southern side of the cathedral is the <i>double chapel</i> (Doppelkapelle) of <b>Saint <a href="/wiki/Emmeram_of_Regensburg" title="Emmeram of Regensburg">Emmeram</a></b> (Saint <a href="/wiki/Martin_of_Tours" title="Martin of Tours">Martin</a>) and <b>Saint Catherine</b>. The concept of the double chapel was well established by the end of the 11th century, dating back to the time of Charlemagne and commonly used in imperial and Episcopal chapels.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the one in Speyer already started around 1050. Saint Catherine's chapel was built on occasion of the birthday of Henry III's daughter on 25 November, named after Saint <a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria" title="Catherine of Alexandria">Catherine of Alexandria</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a>. In 1961 the chapel was restored to its original state as a double chapel. The two chapels on top of each other are connected through an opening in the centre. Today, Saint Emmeram is a baptistery. </p><p>On the northern side of the cathedral is the chapel of <b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Afra" title="Saint Afra">Saint Afra</a></b>, named after an early Christian martyr. Henry IV had the chapel built in her honour because he was born on her commemoration day. Saint Afra's remains had been discovered in Augsburg around 1064. Henry IV was buried in the unconsecrated chapel from 1106 to 1111, when Pope Paschalis II revoked the ban, which had been in effect since 1088. During restoration works in 1971 a page of parchment was found in the chapel which is part of a <a href="/wiki/Wulfila_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfila Bible">Wulfila Bible</a> written around 500. Today, the Saint Afra Chapel is a <a href="/wiki/Church_tabernacle" title="Church tabernacle">tabernacle</a>. </p><p>Initially there were five other chapels on the northern side of the cathedral: <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Saint Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Saint Agnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Saint Bernard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Saint Henry</a>, and Saint Mary. Saint Mary's chapel had been added on the northern side of the cathedral by Bishop Matthias von Rammung in 1475. Their ruins were already removed in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-goruma.de_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goruma.de-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bells">Bells</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bells"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cathedral's peal is composed of nine bells of which the larger four were cast in 1822 by Peter Lindemann (<a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken" title="Zweibrücken">Zweibrücken</a>) and the five smaller ones in 1963 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schilling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling (page does not exist)">Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>). They are all contained in the cathedral belfry, located in the western dome. In Germany, the bells are always numbered from largest to smallest, Bell 1 is always the <a href="/wiki/Tenor_bell" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor bell">tenor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bourdon_(bell)" title="Bourdon (bell)">bourdon</a>. The four largest bells also serve as clock bells; bells 4 and 3 chime alternately every quarter hour while bells strike 2 and 1 in succession each the number of a full hour. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>No.</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Nominal</th> <th>Weight<br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(kg)</span></th> <th>Diameter<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488" /><span class="nobold">(cm)</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Maximilianus Josephus (Emperor Bell)</td> <td>G<sup>0</sup></td> <td>5350</td> <td>208 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Friderica Wilhelmina Carolina</td> <td>B♭<sup>0</sup></td> <td>2600</td> <td>175 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>Ludovicus Carolus</td> <td>D♭<sup>1</sup></td> <td>1650</td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Matthaeus de Chandelle</td> <td>F<sup>1</sup></td> <td>600</td> <td>115 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Saint Mary's Bell</td> <td>A♭<sup>1</sup></td> <td>601</td> <td>95.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Saint Joseph's Bell</td> <td>B♭<sup>1</sup></td> <td>494</td> <td>90.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Saint Anne's Bell</td> <td>D♭<sup>2</sup></td> <td>440</td> <td>83.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Saint Pirmin's Bell</td> <td>E♭<sup>2</sup></td> <td>312</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>Otto</td> <td>F<sup>2</sup></td> <td>217</td> <td>66.7 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions_2">Dimensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dimensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Total length: 134 m (from the steps at the entrance to the exterior wall of the east apse)</li> <li>External width of the nave (with aisles): 37.62 m (from exterior wall to exterior wall)</li> <li>Internal width of the nave: 14 m</li> <li>Height of the nave at the vertex of the vaults: 33 m</li> <li>Height of the eastern spires: 71.20 m</li> <li>Height of the western spires: 65.60 m</li> <li>Crypt Length: east-west 35 m; north-south 46 m Height: between 6.2 m and 6.5 m</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surroundings">Surroundings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Surroundings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg/220px-151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg/330px-151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg/440px-151226-Speyer-Dom-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Heidentürmchen</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally, the cathedral was surrounded by numerous buildings. To the south it was adjoined by a <a href="/wiki/Cloister" title="Cloister">cloister</a> with a sculpture of the Mount of Olives in its centre. On the northern side was the palatial bishop's residence. Other buildings nearby, for example, were the chapter house, rectory, archives, St. Nikolaus Chapel, town fortifications etc. Most of the buildings disappeared after the French Revolution. The outline of the former cloister can be seen as pavement. </p><p>The sculpture of the Mount of Olives was destroyed in the great fire of 1689 and left in ruins after the rubble of the cloister was removed in 1820 in order to create some open space. Later it was fitted with a roof to prevent further deterioration. The sculptures were supplemented by a local sculptor, Gottfried Renn. Inside the mount is a chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael. </p><p>In the square at the western end of the cathedral is a large bowl known as <b>Domnapf</b> (lit.: 'cathedral bowl') It formerly marked the boundary between the episcopal and municipal territories. Each new bishop on his election had to fill the bowl with wine, while the burghers emptied it to his health.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heidentürmchen_(Heath_Tower)"><span id="Heident.C3.BCrmchen_.28Heath_Tower.29"></span>Heidentürmchen (Heath Tower)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Heidentürmchen (Heath Tower)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Heidentürmchen is a remainder of the medieval town fortifications, a tower and a section of the wall, situated a little to the east of the cathedral. It once stood right by the Rhine, at the very edge of the plateau, adjoined by some marshy area which used to be called "heath". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hall_of_Antiques_(Antikenhalle)"><span id="Hall_of_Antiques_.28Antikenhalle.29"></span>Hall of Antiques (Antikenhalle)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Hall of Antiques (Antikenhalle)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hall was built to the north of the cathedral to house the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> findings in the cathedral area. It was erected in the Neo-Classical style and turned out to be too small for the intended purpose. Later some cannons captured in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870/71 were displayed. Today it is a memorial for the fallen of the two world wars. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Features of Speyer Cathedral and its surroundings</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polychrome arches in the crypt"><img alt="Polychrome arches in the crypt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg/101px-Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg/151px-Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg/201px-Speyrer_Dom_Krypta_Kapitell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="1375" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Polychrome arches in the crypt</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mount of Olives"><img alt="The Mount of Olives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG/120px-Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG/180px-Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG/240px-Oelberg_Speyer_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Mount of Olives</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:150906-Speyer-06.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Domnapf"><img alt="Domnapf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/150906-Speyer-06.jpg/120px-150906-Speyer-06.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/150906-Speyer-06.jpg/180px-150906-Speyer-06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/150906-Speyer-06.jpg/240px-150906-Speyer-06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Domnapf</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:170716-Speyer-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antikenhalle"><img alt="Antikenhalle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/170716-Speyer-08.jpg/120px-170716-Speyer-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/170716-Speyer-08.jpg/180px-170716-Speyer-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/170716-Speyer-08.jpg/240px-170716-Speyer-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Antikenhalle</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dwarf gallery"><img alt="Dwarf gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg/85px-SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg/128px-SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg/171px-SpeyererDom_Zwerggalerie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1607" data-file-height="2254" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dwarf gallery</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="German_Postage_Stamps_featuring_Speyer_cathedral">German Postage Stamps featuring Speyer cathedral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: German Postage Stamps featuring Speyer cathedral"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postal stamp of 1924[citation needed]"><img alt="Postal stamp of 1924[citation needed]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg/120px-DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg/180px-DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg/240px-DR_1924_367_Bauwerke_Speyerer_Dom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postal stamp of 1924<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postal stamp of 1961 commemorating the 900th anniversary of Speyer Cathedral"><img alt="Postal stamp of 1961 commemorating the 900th anniversary of Speyer Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg/103px-DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg/154px-DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg/206px-DBP_1961_366_900_Jahre_Kaiserdom_Speyer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Postal stamp of 1961 commemorating the 900th anniversary of Speyer Cathedral</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Marian_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Marian churches">Roman Catholic Marian churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_characteristics_of_Romanesque_churches" title="List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches">List of regional characteristics of Romanesque churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_domes" title="List of tallest domes">List of tallest domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg_Cathedral" title="Bamberg Cathedral">Bamberg Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worms_Cathedral" title="Worms Cathedral">Worms Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz_Cathedral" title="Mainz Cathedral">Mainz Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medieval_Arabic_and_Western_European_domes" title="History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes">History of medieval Arabic and Western European domes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Germany" title="List of cathedrals in Germany">List of cathedrals in Germany</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:20.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/25px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/38px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_Mariology" title="Category:Catholic Mariology">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Immaculate Conception"><img alt="Immaculate Conception" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg/150px-Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg/225px-Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg/300px-Inmaculada_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Aranjuez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1459" data-file-height="2717" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Aranjuez_Immaculate_Conception" title="Aranjuez Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_Esteban_Murillo" title="Bartolomé Esteban Murillo">Bartolomé Esteban Murillo</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1675</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Overview</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_antiphons" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian antiphons">Antiphons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymns_to_Mary" title="Hymns to Mary">Hymns to Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Devotional practices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">Consecrations and entrustments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos"><i>Theotokos</i> (Mother of God)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediatrix" title="Mediatrix">Mediatrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_of_the_Church" title="Mother of the Church">Mother of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Good_Counsel" title="Our Lady of Good Counsel">Our Lady of Good Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Mount_Carmel" title="Our Lady of Mount Carmel">Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Our Lady of Sorrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of Victory">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady,_Star_of_the_Sea" title="Our Lady, Star of the Sea">Our Lady, Star of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Heaven" title="Queen of Heaven">Queen of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Peace">Queen of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Holy_Virgin_Mary,_Queen_of_Poland" title="The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland">Queen of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugium_Peccatorum" title="Refugium Peccatorum"><i>Refugium Peccatorum</i> (Refuge of Sinners)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Untier_of_Knots" title="Mary, Untier of Knots">Untier of Knots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_of_Mercy" title="Virgin of Mercy">Virgin of Mercy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marian_devotions" title="Marian devotions">Prayers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marian_hymns" class="mw-redirect" title="Marian hymns">hymns</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelus" title="Angelus">Angelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1tima_prayers" title="Fátima prayers">Fátima prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flos_Carmeli" title="Flos Carmeli">Flos Carmeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary" title="Hail Mary">Hail Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_Mary_of_Gold" title="Hail Mary of Gold">Hail Mary of Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculata_prayer" title="Immaculata prayer">Immaculata prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnificat" title="Magnificat">Magnificat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_Mother_of_Grace" title="Mary, Mother of Grace">Mary, Mother of Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorare" title="Memorare">Memorare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub_tuum_praesidium" title="Sub tuum praesidium">Sub tuum praesidium</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Marian_hymns" title="Template:Marian hymns"><b>Marian hymns</b></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)">Devotional practices</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Reparation_to_the_Virgin_Mary" title="Acts of Reparation to the Virgin Mary">Acts of Reparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consecration_and_entrustment_to_Mary" title="Consecration and entrustment to Mary">Consecration to Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Saturdays_Devotion" title="First Saturdays Devotion">First Saturdays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Joys_of_the_Virgin" title="Seven Joys of the Virgin">Seven Joys of the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Sorrows#Seven_Sorrows_of_Mary" title="Our Lady of Sorrows">Seven Sorrows of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hail_Marys" title="Three Hail Marys">Three Hail Marys</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Movements and societies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sodality_of_Our_Lady" title="Sodality of Our Lady">Sodality of Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Marian_Fathers_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Congregation of Marian Fathers of the Immaculate Conception">Congregation of Marian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_Mary" title="Company of Mary">Company of Mary (Montfort)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marianists)" title="Society of Mary (Marianists)">Marianists (Society of Mary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Mary_(Marists)" title="Society of Mary (Marists)">Marist Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers" title="Marist Brothers">Marist Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Army_of_Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima">World Apostolate of Fátima</a> <a href="/wiki/Blue_Army_of_Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima">(Blue Army)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariological_Society_of_America" title="Mariological Society of America">Mariological Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady%27s_Rosary_Makers" title="Our Lady's Rosary Makers">Our Lady's Rosary Makers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Movement_of_Priests" title="Marian Movement of Priests">Marian Movement of Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_Family_Apostolate" title="Fatima Family Apostolate">Fatima Family Apostolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Angels_Foundation" title="Queen of Angels Foundation">Queen of Angels Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marian_apparitions" title="List of Marian apparitions">Apparitions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dd><small><a href="/wiki/List_of_Marian_apparitions#Approved,_with_widespread_liturgical_veneration_endorsed_by_the_Holy_See" title="List of Marian apparitions">Approved, with widespread liturgical<br />veneration endorsed by the Holy See</a>:</small></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Our Lady of Fátima">Fátima</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Secrets_of_F%C3%A1tima" title="Three Secrets of Fátima">Three Secrets of Fátima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Guadalupe" title="Our Lady of Guadalupe">Guadalupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knock_Shrine" title="Knock Shrine">Knock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_La_Salette" title="Our Lady of La Salette">La Salette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes" title="Our Lady of Lourdes">Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miraculous_Medal" title="Miraculous Medal">Miraculous Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Our Lady of Walsingham">Walsingham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_of_Mary" title="Dowry of Mary">Dowry of Mary</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background-color:gold;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Marian_feast_days" title="Marian feast days">Key Marian feast days</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solemnity_of_Mary,_Mother_of_God" title="Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God">Mother of God</a> (1 January)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Candlemas" title="Candlemas">Candlemas</a> (2 February)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Annunciation" title="Feast of the Annunciation">Annunciation</a> (25 March)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a> (15 August)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Mary" title="Nativity of Mary">Nativity</a> (8 September)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Most_Holy_Name_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Most Holy Name of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Holy Name</a> (12 September)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation</a> (21 November)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Feast of the Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a> (8 December)</span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Mariology_sidebar" title="Template:Catholic Mariology sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Mariology_sidebar" title="Template talk:Catholic Mariology sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Mariology_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Mariology sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speyer.de/de/tourist/sehenswert/dom?switch_language=en">speyer.de | Speyer Cathedral</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613074212/http://speyer.de/de/tourist/sehenswert/dom?switch_language=en">Archived</a> 13 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Information from home page. Retrieved 5 December 2006.<span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICOMOS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ICOMOS_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Council on Monuments and Sites (April 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/document/152888">Advisory Body Evaluation of Speyer Cathedral</a>. UNESCO World Heritage Convention. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030120215/http://whc.unesco.org/document/152888">Archived</a> 30 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Máté Major: <i>Geschichte der Architektur</i>, Vol. 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1979, special German edition 1988</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baukunst,_Vol_1981-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baukunst,_Vol_1981_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>dtv-Atlas zur Baukunst</i>, Vol. 2, 1981, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-423-03021-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-423-03021-6">3-423-03021-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/168/">"Speyer Cathedral"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speyer+Cathedral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F168%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102083038/http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/bauwerk.html">"Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer – Bauwerk"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/bauwerk.html">the original</a> on 2 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Kaiserdom+zu+Speyer+%E2%80%93+Bauwerk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dom-speyer.de%2Fdaten%2Fdomspeyer%2Fseiten%2Fbauwerk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cole, Emily, General Editor, Bulfinch Press, Little, Brown and Co., 2002, Boston, USA, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8212-2774-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8212-2774-2">0-8212-2774-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oursel, Raymond, Stierlin, Henri: <i>Architektur der Welt</i>, Vol. 4: <i>Romanik</i>, Benedikt Taschen Verlag Berlin/Editions Office Du Livre, Lausanne, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, pp. 214–215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860785.html">"Romanesque architecture and art | Infoplease"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romanesque+architecture+and+art+%26%23124%3B+Infoplease&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fce6%2Fworld%2FA0860785.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Romanesq.html">"Romanesque Architecture And Art | Encyclopedia.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romanesque+Architecture+And+Art+%7C+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fdoc%2F1E1-Romanesq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dom-speyer.de-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dom-speyer.de_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dom-speyer.de_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151210184540/http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/kurzundknapp.html">"Der Kaiserdom zu Speyer – Zahlen, Namen, Fakten für besonders Eilige"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dom-speyer.de/daten/domspeyer/seiten/kurzundknapp.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Kaiserdom+zu+Speyer+%E2%80%93+Zahlen%2C+Namen%2C+Fakten+f%C3%BCr+besonders+Eilige&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dom-speyer.de%2Fdaten%2Fdomspeyer%2Fseiten%2Fkurzundknapp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dethard von Winterfeld. <i>Romanik am Rhein</i>. Stuttgart 2001, p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Welterbestätten_Deutschland-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Welterbestätten_Deutschland_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Welterbestätten_Deutschland_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808045621if_/http://www.unesco-welterbe.de:80/en/index.html?staedte/bild_text/speyer.html~haupt">"Speyer Cathedral"</a>. <i>Welterbestätten Deutschland</i>. <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco-welterbe.de:80/en/index.html?staedte/bild_text/speyer.html~haupt">the original</a> on 8 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welterbest%C3%A4tten+Deutschland&rft.atitle=Speyer+Cathedral&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco-welterbe.de%3A80%2Fen%2Findex.html%3Fstaedte%2Fbild_text%2Fspeyer.html~haupt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p.217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schlickel, Ferdinand, Speyer. Von den Saliern bis heute, 1000 Jahre Stadtgeschichte, 2000, Hermann Klein Verlg, Speyer, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-921797-60-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-921797-60-8">3-921797-60-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dombauverein-speyer.de-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dombauverein-speyer.de_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225329/http://www.dombauverein-speyer.de/html_en/">"Dombauverein Speyer e.V. – Dombauverein Speyer e.V."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dombauverein-speyer.de/html_en/">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dombauverein+Speyer+e.V.+%E2%80%93+Dombauverein+Speyer+e.V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dombauverein-speyer.de%2Fhtml_en%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907002632/http://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570708/Romanesque_Art_and_Architecture.html">"Romanesque Art and Architecture – ninemsn Encarta"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://au.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761570708/romanesque_art_and_architecture.html">the original</a> on 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romanesque+Art+and+Architecture+%E2%80%93+ninemsn+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.encarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761570708%2Fromanesque_art_and_architecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 139, 192–193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Radding, Charles M. and Clark, William W.: Medieval Architecture, Medieval Learning: Builders and Masters in the Age of Romanesque and Gothic, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04918-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04918-8">0-300-04918-8</a> quoting Horn, W: On the Origins of the Mediaeval Bay System, Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 17 (1958): 2–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 197-198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goruma.de-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-goruma.de_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goruma.de_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goruma.de_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-goruma.de_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goruma.de/Wissen/KunstundKultur/WelterbestaettenUNESCO/Unesco_Welterbestaetten_Deutschland/kaiser_mariendom_speyer.html">"Kaiser- und Mariendom zu Speyer"</a>. <i>Go:Ruma</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Go%3ARuma&rft.atitle=Kaiser-+und+Mariendom+zu+Speyer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goruma.de%2FWissen%2FKunstundKultur%2FWelterbestaettenUNESCO%2FUnesco_Welterbestaetten_Deutschland%2Fkaiser_mariendom_speyer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speyer.de/de/tourist/sehenswert/dom?switch_language=en">Speyer Cathedral</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060613074212/http://speyer.de/de/tourist/sehenswert/dom?switch_language=en">Archived</a> 13 June 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 151-152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, Roger: Early Medieval Architecture, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Great Britain, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-210048-3">0-19-210048-3</a>, p. 74-75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Spires" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spires">Spires</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">693–</span>694.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spires&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E693-%3C%2Fspan%3E694&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpeyer+Cathedral" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Speyer_Cathedral" class="extiw" title="commons:Speyer Cathedral"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Speyer Cathedral</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/168">Speyer Cathedral / UNESCO Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dom-zu-speyer.de/en/">Official site</a> – full of pictures and up-to-date information <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102102515/http://www.welterbe-speyer.de/">Rhineland-Palatinate website for Speyer Cathedral (German)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225329/http://www.dombauverein-speyer.de/html_en/">Dombauverein Speyer</a> – Cathedral Building Association site <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speyer.de/sv_speyer/en/Tourism/Tourist%20attractions/The%20Speyer%20Cathedral/">Speyer.de</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421085913/https://www.speyer.de/sv_speyer/en/Tourism/Tourist%20attractions/The%20Speyer%20Cathedral/">Archived</a> 21 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – description and tourism information <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaiserdom-virtuell.de/">Kaiserdom Speyer Virtuell</a> – 360° panorama images <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Thieme/Sommer/Wolfe: "Das große Buch der Stile", Band 5, "Die Romanik", Reinhard Welz, Vermittler Verlag e.K. Mannheim, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-938622-53-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-938622-53-9">3-938622-53-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lsC4taQhb1IC&dq=der+merowingische+K%C3%B6nigsdom+Speyer&pg=RA4-PA7">Scan of the chapter on early christianity in Speyer</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany_15px5970" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/20px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/30px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/40px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span>  <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">World Heritage Sites</span></a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Germany</span></a>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/15px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div><i>For official site names, see each article or the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">List of World Heritage Sites in Germany</span></a>.</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Northern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADGB_Trade_Union_School" title="ADGB Trade Union School">ADGB Trade Union School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Modernism_Housing_Estates" title="Berlin Modernism Housing Estates">Berlin Modernism Housing Estates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_City_Hall" title="Bremen City Hall">Bremen Town Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bremen_Roland" title="Bremen Roland">Roland on the Marketplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_Factory" title="Fagus Factory">Fagus Factory in Alfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedeby" title="Hedeby">Hedeby</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Danevirke" title="Danevirke">Danevirke</a> Archaeological Border Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildesheim_Cathedral" title="Hildesheim Cathedral">St. Mary's Cathedral</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Church,_Hildesheim" title="St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim">St. Michael's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hildesheim" title="Hildesheim">Hildesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_Island" title="Museum Island">Museumsinsel (Museum Island), Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Hanseatic City of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaces_and_Parks_of_Potsdam_and_Berlin" title="Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin">Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rammelsberg" title="Rammelsberg">Mines of Rammelsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Historic Town of Goslar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Harz_Water_Regale" title="Upper Harz Water Regale">Upper Harz Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speicherstadt" title="Speicherstadt">Speicherstadt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kontorhaus_District" title="Kontorhaus District">Kontorhaus District</a> with <a href="/wiki/Chilehaus" title="Chilehaus">Chilehaus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></li> <li>Historic Centres of <a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Germany_(cultural_area)" title="Central Germany (cultural area)"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Central</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_and_its_Sites_in_Weimar,_Dessau_and_Bernau" title="Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau">Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dessau-W%C3%B6rlitz_Garden_Realm" title="Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm">Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Elbe_Valley" title="Dresden Elbe Valley">Dresden Elbe Valley</a></s> <i>(delisted in 2009)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ore_Mountain_Mining_Region" title="Ore Mountain Mining Region">Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří Mining Region</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li>Luther Memorials in <a href="/wiki/Eisleben" title="Eisleben">Eisleben</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wittenberg" title="Wittenberg">Wittenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskau_Park" title="Muskau Park">Muskauer Park / Park Mużakowski</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naumburg_Cathedral" title="Naumburg Cathedral">Naumburg Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Collegiate Church, Castle, and Old Town of Quedlinburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartburg" title="Wartburg">Wartburg Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Weimar_(World_Heritage_Site)" title="Classical Weimar (World Heritage Site)">Classical Weimar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Western</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Cathedral" title="Aachen Cathedral">Aachen Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustusburg_and_Falkenlust_Palaces,_Br%C3%BChl" title="Augustusburg and Falkenlust Palaces, Brühl">Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergpark_Wilhelmsh%C3%B6he" title="Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe">Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Abbey_of_Corvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Abbey of Corvey">Carolingian Westwork and Civitas Corvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Germanic_Limes" title="Lower Germanic Limes">Lower Germanic Limes</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine_Gorge" title="Rhine Gorge">Upper Middle Rhine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Monuments,_Cathedral_of_St_Peter_and_Church_of_Our_Lady_in_Trier" title="Roman Monuments, Cathedral of St Peter and Church of Our Lady in Trier">Roman Monuments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trier_Cathedral" title="Trier Cathedral">Cathedral of St. Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liebfrauenkirche,_Trier" title="Liebfrauenkirche, Trier">Church of Our Lady</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trier" title="Trier">Trier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Speyer Cathedral</a></li> <li>ShUM cities of <a href="/wiki/Jewish_courtyard,_Speyer" title="Jewish courtyard, Speyer">Speyer</a>, Worms and Mainz</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a><sup><small>8</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lklingen_Ironworks" title="Völklingen Ironworks">Völklingen Ironworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollverein_Coal_Mine_Industrial_Complex" title="Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex">Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex in Essen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Southern</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorsch_Abbey" title="Lorsch Abbey">Abbey and Altenmünster of Lorsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Water_Management_System" title="Augsburg Water Management System">Augsburg Water Management System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamberg" title="Bamberg">Town of Bamberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caves_and_Ice_Age_Art_in_the_Swabian_Jura" title="Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura">Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darmstadt_Artists%27_Colony" title="Darmstadt Artists' Colony">Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt</a></li> <li>Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Bavaria<sup><small>7</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a>:<sup><small>3</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Germanicus" title="Limes Germanicus">Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulbronn_Monastery" title="Maulbronn Monastery">Maulbronn Monastery Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margravial_Opera_House" title="Margravial Opera House">Margravial Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichenau_Island" title="Reichenau Island">Monastic Island of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Old Town of Regensburg with Stadtamhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieskirche" title="Wieskirche">Pilgrimage Church of Wies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_Residence" title="Würzburg Residence">Würzburg Residence with the Court Gardens and Residence Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#008000;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Natural_heritage" title="Natural heritage"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Natural</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messel_pit" class="mw-redirect" title="Messel pit">Messel Pit Fossil Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_the_Ancient_Beech_Forests_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany">Ancient Beech Forests</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadden_Sea" title="Wadden Sea">Wadden Sea</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#008000;color:white;"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a></li> <li><sup>2</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a></li> <li><sup>3</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">United Kingdom</span></a></li> <li><sup>4</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Southern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Southern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Switzerland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a></li> <li><sup>5</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Albania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bosnia and Herzegovina</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Bulgaria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Croatia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czech Republic</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">North Macedonia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Poland</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Romania</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovenia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Spain</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Switzerland</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Ukraine</span></a></li> <li><sup>6</sup> Shared with the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Netherlands</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Northern_Europe" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Northern Europe"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Denmark</span></a></li> <li><sup>7</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Slovakia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Slovakia"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Slovakia</span></a></li> <li><sup>8</sup> Shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">France</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Austria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Austria"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Austria</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Belgium</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Czech Republic"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Czechia</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Italy" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Italy"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Italy</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">UK</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1318" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126718339">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4134276-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84091781">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Speyerer Dom"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20050523010&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000346378&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007604864205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20010080">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/place/196717c4-66e8-4784-9a98-5c58630e53ab">MusicBrainz place</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&oldid=1265359842">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&oldid=1265359842</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1060s_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1060s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1060s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_completed_in_1061" title="Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1061">Buildings and structures completed in 1061</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_completed_in_the_1060s" title="Category:Churches completed in the 1060s">Churches completed in the 1060s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burial_sites_of_the_House_of_Habsburg" title="Category:Burial sites of the House of Habsburg">Burial sites of the House of Habsburg</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Speyer" title="Category:Churches in Speyer">Churches in Speyer</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romanesque_architecture_in_Germany" title="Category:Romanesque architecture in Germany">Romanesque architecture in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Roman_Catholic_cathedrals_in_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Rhineland-Palatinate">Roman Catholic cathedrals in Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Basilica_churches_in_Germany" title="Category:Basilica churches in Germany">Basilica churches in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_buildings_with_domes" title="Category:Church buildings with domes">Church buildings with domes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Germany" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Germany">World Heritage Sites in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Imperial_cathedrals" title="Category:Imperial cathedrals">Imperial cathedrals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burial_sites_of_the_Salian_dynasty" title="Category:Burial sites of the Salian dynasty">Burial sites of the Salian dynasty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:11th-century_Roman_Catholic_church_buildings_in_Germany" title="Category:11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany">11th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Category:Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burials_sites_of_the_House_of_Hohenstaufen" title="Category:Burials sites of the House of Hohenstaufen">Burials sites of the House of Hohenstaufen</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_April_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from February 2024">Use dmy dates from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Infobox_mapframe_without_OSM_relation_ID_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata">Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:Articles with German-language sources (de)">Articles with German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Kartographer_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Kartographer extension">Pages using the Kartographer extension</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 December 2024, at 14:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speyer_Cathedral&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Speyer Cathedral</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>54 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c4c86c76b-6v22d","wgBackendResponseTime":181,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_8eb306379c0f69fc269718a20f1fc87b3b1acd53":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q22720","properties":{"title":"Speyer Cathedral","fill-opacity":0.5,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#606060"}},{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoline?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q22720","properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Speyer Cathedral"}},{"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[8.4424,49.3172],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#5E74F3","title":"Speyer Cathedral","marker-symbol":"religious-christian"}}]},"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.996","walltime":"1.300","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8050,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":139949,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10399,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":126784,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1156.974 1 -total"," 37.47% 433.536 1 Template:Reflist"," 33.76% 390.599 3 Template:Infobox"," 30.12% 348.451 1 Template:Infobox_church"," 17.25% 199.636 5 Template:In_lang"," 10.54% 121.996 1 Template:Roman_Catholic_Mariology"," 10.18% 117.797 1 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 8.12% 94.001 14 Template:ISBN"," 7.71% 89.146 9 Template:Cite_web"," 6.44% 74.507 1 Template:Designation_list"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.622","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":28733767,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-56d8db5f6f-bdq75","timestamp":"20250213061500","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Speyer Cathedral","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speyer_Cathedral","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22720","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q22720","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-03-16T11:51:27Z","dateModified":"2024-12-26T14:33:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c7\/Speyer_dom_11.jpg","headline":"cathedral in Speyer, Germany"}</script> </body> </html>