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<span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/reports/2009/01/22">На войне как на войне?</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-reportsynopsis-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Нарушения гуманитарного права и жертвы среди гражданского населения в связи с конфликтом вокруг Южной Осетии</span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> <label class="views-label-field-report-synopsis-pdf-fid"> Get the report: </label> <div class="field-content"><div class="field-item field-item-0"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf иконка" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/appendix_ru.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=616306" title="appendix_ru.pdf">Appendix</a></div></div><div class="field-item field-item-1"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf иконка" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/georgia0109ruweb_2.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=3459068" title="georgia0109ruweb.pdf">Download full report</a></div></div><div class="field-item field-item-2"><div class="filefield-file"><img class="filefield-icon field-icon-application-pdf" alt="application/pdf иконка" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/filefield/icons/application-pdf.png"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/georgia0109ruwebwcover_0.pdf" type="application/pdf; length=3658740" title="georgia0109ruwebwcover.pdf">Download full report with cover</a></div></div></div> </div> <div class="views-field-view-node"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/reports/2009/01/22">Go to report home »</a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-xslt_book-1" class="clear-block block block-xslt_book"> <h6 class="block-title clear-block">Table of Contents</h6> <div class="bcontent"><div class="item-list"><ul class="xslt-book"> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/1">На войне как на войне?</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/2">Краткое содержание</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/3">Методология</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/4">Часть 1. Общие сведения</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/5">Краткие сведения о Южной Осетии</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/6">1.2 Международно-правовые аспекты</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/7">Часть 2. Нарушения со стороны грузинских сил</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/8">2.1 Общий обзор</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/9">2.2 Неизбирательные обстрелы Цхинвали и окрестных сел</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/10">2.3 Удары по гражданским лицам, покидавшим зону конфликта</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/11">2.4 Наступление грузинских войск</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/12">2.5 Использование кассетного оружия грузинской стороной</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/13">2.6 Российские обвинения в адрес Грузии в геноциде и военных преступлениях</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/14">2.7 Вопрос о гражданских потерях в Южной Осетии</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/15">2.8 Задержания осетин и недозволенное обращение с задержанными</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/16">Часть 3. Нарушения со стороны российских сил</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/17">3.1 Общий обзор</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/18">3.2 Авиационные и артиллерийские удары</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/19">3.3 Использование кассетного оружия российской стороной</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/20">3.4 Танковые обстрелы жилых домов</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/21">3.5 Удары по гражданским лицам, покидавшим зону конфликта</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/22">3.6 Мародерство, разрушения, насилие и угрозы в отношении гражданского населения</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/23">3.7 Ответственность России как оккупирующей державы</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/24">Часть 4. Нарушения со стороны осетинских сил</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/25">4.1 Общий обзор</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/26">4.2 Нападения на грузинских жителей и их дома в Южной Осетии</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/27">4.3 Нарушения на территории собственно Грузии</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/28">4.4 Внесудебные казни, незаконные задержания, недозволенное обращение с задержанными и унизительные условия содержания под стражей, иногда при участии российских сил</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/29">4.5 Казни, пытки и другое недозволенное обращение с грузинскими военнопленными со стороны осетинских сил, в ряде случаев при участии российских войск</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/30">Часть 5. Международные институты и нарушения в ходе конфликта</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/31">Рекомендации</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/32">Приложение</a> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="block-views-sidebar-block_1" class="clear-block block block-views"> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-sidebar view-id-sidebar view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-3"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-body"> <div class="field-content"><iframe width="322" height="181" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20140717224651if_/https://www.youtube.com/embed/hgIf3Nbc_F8?autohide=1&wmode=transparent&;showinfo=1" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main" class="clear-block"> <div 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clear-block xslt-book-links"><li class="prev first"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/27" class="prev">Page 27</a></li> <li class="next"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/29" class="next">Page 29</a></li> <li class="count last"><span class="count">Страница 28 из 32</span></li> </ul><div class="node-body"><?xml version="1.0"?> <div class="section section-28"> <h1> <span>4.4 Внесудебные казни, незаконные задержания, недозволенное обращение с задержанными и унизительные условия содержания под стражей, иногда при участии российских сил</span> </h1> <p> <span>По</span> <span>мере</span> <span>занятия</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>войсками</span> <span> 8 </span> <span>и</span> <span> 9 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>вместе</span> <span>с</span> <span>ними</span> <span>или</span> <span>вслед</span> <span>за</span> <span>ними</span> <span>  </span> <span>в</span> <span>селах</span> <span>сначала</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>затем</span> <span>и</span> <span>Горийского</span> <span>и</span> <span>Карельского</span> <span>районов</span> <span>появлялись</span> <span>югоосетинские</span> <span>силы</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>здоровых</span> <span>и</span> <span>относительно</span> <span>молодых</span> <span>жителей</span> <span>к</span> <span>тому</span> <span>времени</span> <span>уже</span> <span>уходили</span> <span> – </span> <span>либо</span> <span>перед</span> <span>началом</span> <span>военных</span> <span>действий</span> <span>, </span> <span>либо</span> <span>в</span> <span>первые</span> <span>дни</span> <span>. </span> <span>Оставались</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>правило</span> <span>, </span> <span>только</span> <span>те</span> <span>, </span> <span>кто</span> <span>не</span> <span>мог</span> <span>уехать</span> <span>или</span> <span>не</span> <span>хотел</span> <span>бросать</span> <span>хозяйство</span> <span>без</span> <span>присмотра</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>случаев</span> <span>задержаний</span> <span>имели</span> <span>место</span> <span>во</span> <span>время</span> <span>массовых</span> <span>грабежей</span> <span>и</span> <span>поджогов</span> <span>. </span> <span>Осетинские</span> <span>силы</span> <span>, </span> <span>иногда</span> <span>вместе</span> <span>с</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>войсками</span> <span>, </span> <span>забирали</span> <span>многих</span> <span>, </span> <span>хотя</span> <span>и</span> <span>не</span> <span>всех</span> <span>, </span> <span>оставшихся</span> <span>жителей</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>особенности</span> <span>в</span> <span> «</span> <span>анклавных</span> <span>» </span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>селах</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>. </span> <span>Как</span> <span>впоследствии</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>эти</span> <span>люди</span> <span>нашим</span> <span>сотрудникам</span> <span>, </span> <span>им</span> <span>ничего</span> <span>не</span> <span>объясняли</span> <span>и</span> <span>у</span> <span>них</span> <span>не</span> <span>было</span> <span>ни</span> <span>доступа</span> <span>к</span> <span>адвокату</span> <span>, </span> <span>ни</span> <span>любой</span> <span>другой</span> <span>возможности</span> <span>оспорить</span> <span>задержание</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>После</span> <span>занятия</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>силами</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>сел</span> <span>в</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>и</span> <span>Горийском</span> <span>районе</span> <span>ими</span> <span>были</span> <span>задержаны</span> <span>по</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span> 159 </span> <span>человек</span> <a href="#_ftn466" name="_ftnref466"> <span> <span>[465]</span> </span> </a> <span> – </span> <span>преимущественно</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>, </span> <span>среди</span> <span>которых</span> <span>был</span> <span>один</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>и</span> <span>один</span> <span>русский</span> <span>из</span> <span>смешанной</span> <span>грузинской</span> <span>семьи</span> <span>. 45 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>из</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>составляли</span> <span>женщины</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span> 76 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>были</span> <span>старше</span> <span> 60 </span> <span>лет</span> <span>, </span> <span>по</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span> 17 – </span> <span>старше</span> <span> 80.</span> <a href="#_ftn467" name="_ftnref467"> <span> <span>[466]</span> </span> </a> <span>Был</span> <span>также</span> <span>мальчик</span> <span>примерно</span> <span>восьми</span> <span>лет</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn468" name="_ftnref468"> <span> <span>[467]</span> </span> </a> <span>После</span> <span>освобождения</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>были</span> <span>взяты</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>у</span> <span> 29 </span> <span>из</span> <span>этих</span> <span>людей</span> <span>. </span> <span>Многие</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>о</span> <span>недозволенном</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>при</span> <span>задержании</span> <span>, </span> <span>во</span> <span>время</span> <span>доставления</span> <span>к</span> <span>месту</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>и</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>в</span> <span>течение</span> <span>примерно</span> <span>двух</span> <span>недель</span> <span>содержались</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвале</span> <span>югоосетинского</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>условиях</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>можно</span> <span>квалифицировать</span> <span>как</span> <span>унижающее</span> <span>достоинство</span> <span>обращение</span> <span>. </span> <span>Некоторых</span> <span>выводили</span> <span>на</span> <span>принудительные</span> <span>работы</span> <span>по</span> <span>уборке</span> <span>трупов</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>солдат</span> <span>с</span> <span>улиц</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>и</span> <span>расчистке</span> <span>завалов</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span>один</span> <span>задержанный</span> <span>был</span> <span>казнен</span> <span>осетинами</span> <span>по</span> <span>пути</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Все</span> <span>эти</span> <span>действия</span> <span>являются</span> <span>серьезными</span> <span>нарушениями</span> <span>Женевских</span> <span>конвенций</span> <span>и</span> <span>могут</span> <span>быть</span> <span>квалифицированы</span> <span>как</span> <span>военные</span> <span>преступления</span> <span>. </span> <span>Российские</span> <span>силы</span> <span>также</span> <span>несут</span> <span>за</span> <span>них</span> <span>ответственность</span> <span>в</span> <span>той</span> <span>мере</span> <span>, </span> <span>насколько</span> <span>они</span> <span>контролировали</span> <span>соответствующую</span> <span>территорию</span> <span>. </span> <span>Эти</span> <span>действия</span> <span>также</span> <span>нарушают</span> <span>общие</span> <span>нормы</span> <span>о</span> <span>правах</span> <span>человека</span> <span>, </span> <span>предусмотренные</span> <span>Международным</span> <span>пактом</span> <span>о</span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>и</span> <span>политических</span> <span>правах</span> <span>и</span> <span>Европейской</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span>о</span> <span>правах</span> <span>человека</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>В</span> <span>ряде</span> <span>случаев</span> <span>российские</span> <span>войска</span> <span>принимали</span> <span>непосредственное</span> <span>участие</span> <span>в</span> <span>задержании</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>те</span> <span>, </span> <span>кто</span> <span>содержался</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвале</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>, </span> <span>говорят</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>их</span> <span>допрашивали</span> <span>некие</span> <span>лица</span> <span>, </span> <span>представлявшиеся</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>военнослужащими</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span>шестеро</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>содержались</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>силами</span> <span>на</span> <span>некоем</span> <span>войсковом</span> <span>опорном</span> <span>пункте</span> <span>и</span> <span>подвергались</span> <span>избиениям</span> <span>, </span> <span>после</span> <span>чего</span> <span>были</span> <span>переданы</span> <span>осетинской</span> <span>милиции</span> <span>.</span> </p> <h2> <span> <span>Правовой</span> </span> <span>статус</span> <span>и</span> <span>гарантии</span> <span>прав</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>, </span> <span>задерживавшихся</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>силами</span> </h2> <p> <span>Все</span> <span>опрошенные</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>бывшие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>утверждали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>они</span> <span>не</span> <span>имели</span> <span>отношения</span> <span>к</span> <span>военным</span> <span>действиям</span> <span>и</span> <span>не</span> <span>оказывали</span> <span>вооруженного</span> <span>сопротивления</span> <span>осетинским</span> <span>и</span> <span>российским</span> <span>силам</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>соответствии</span> <span>с</span> <span>Четвертой</span> <span>Женевской</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span>гражданские</span> <span>лица</span> <span>имеют</span> <span>статус</span> <span>покровительствуемых</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>соответствии</span> <span>с</span> <span>этой</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span> «</span> <span>лица</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>непосредственно</span> <span>не</span> <span>принимают</span> <span>участия</span> <span>в</span> <span>военных</span> <span>действиях</span> <span>, … </span> <span>должны</span> <span>при</span> <span>всех</span> <span>обстоятельствах</span> <span>пользоваться</span> <span>гуманным</span> <span>обращением</span> <span>без</span> <span>всякой</span> <span>дискриминации</span> <span>по</span> <span>причинам</span> <span>расы</span> <span>, </span> <span>цвета</span> <span>кожи</span> <span>, </span> <span>религии</span> <span>или</span> <span>веры</span> <span>, </span> <span>пола</span> <span>, </span> <span>происхождения</span> <span>или</span> <span>имущественного</span> <span>положения</span> <span>или</span> <span>любых</span> <span>других</span> <span>аналогичных</span> <span>критериев</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn469" name="_ftnref469"> <span> <span>[468]</span> </span> </a> <span>Преднамеренное</span> <span>убийство</span> <span>, </span> <span>пытки</span> <span>и</span> <span>бесчеловечное</span> <span>обращение</span> <span>, </span> <span>преднамеренное</span> <span>причинение</span> <span>тяжелых</span> <span>страданий</span> <span>или</span> <span>серьезного</span> <span>увечья</span> <span>, </span> <span>нанесение</span> <span>ущерба</span> <span>здоровью</span> <span>покровительствуемого</span> <span>лица</span> <span>квалифицируются</span> <span>как</span> <span>серьезные</span> <span>нарушения</span> <span>конвенции</span> <span>, </span> <span>или</span> <span>военные</span> <span>преступления</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn470" name="_ftnref470"> <span> <span>[469]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>В</span> <span>отношении</span> <span>задержания</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>и</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>их</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>применяются</span> <span>и</span> <span>общие</span> <span>гарантии</span> <span>, </span> <span>предусмотренные</span> <span>Международным</span> <span>пактом</span> <span>о</span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>и</span> <span>политических</span> <span>правах</span> <span>и</span> <span>Европейской</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span>о</span> <span>правах</span> <span>человека</span> <span>. </span> <span>Поскольку</span> <span>Россия</span> <span>в</span> <span>тот</span> <span>период</span> <span>фактически</span> <span>контролировала</span> <span>соответствующую</span> <span>территорию</span> <span>и</span> <span>поскольку</span> <span>Россия</span> <span>является</span> <span>участником</span> <span>обоих</span> <span>международных</span> <span>договоров</span> <span>, </span> <span>она</span> <span>была</span> <span>обязана</span> <span>обеспечивать</span> <span>предусмотренные</span> <span>ими</span> <span>права</span> <span>. </span> <span>И</span> <span>МПГПП</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>ЕКПЧ</span> <span>  </span> <span>устанавливают</span> <span>абсолютный</span> <span>запрет</span> <span>пыток</span> <span>и</span> <span>другого</span> <span>бесчеловечного</span> <span>или</span> <span>унижающего</span> <span>достоинства</span> <span>обращения</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn471" name="_ftnref471"> <span> <span>[470]</span> </span> </a> <span>К</span> <span>рассматриваемым</span> <span>случаям</span> <span>применим</span> <span>и</span> <span>запрет</span> <span>произвольного</span> <span>задержания</span> <span>и</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>, </span> <span>поскольку</span> <span>на</span> <span>время</span> <span>конфликта</span> <span>Россия</span> <span>не</span> <span>воспользовалась</span> <span>своим</span> <span>правом</span> <span>отступления</span> <span>от</span> <span>обязательств</span> <span>по</span> <span>МПГПП</span> <span>и</span> <span>ЕКПЧ</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn472" name="_ftnref472"> <span> <span>[471]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Во</span> <span>время</span> <span>военных</span> <span>действий</span> <span>и</span> <span>оккупации</span> <span> «</span> <span>распоряжение</span> <span>об</span> <span>интернировании</span> <span>или</span> <span>принудительном</span> <span>поселении</span> <span>покровительствуемых</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>может</span> <span>быть</span> <span>дано</span> <span>только</span> <span>в</span> <span>том</span> <span>случае</span> <span>, </span> <span>если</span> <span>это</span> <span>совершенно</span> <span>необходимо</span> <span>для</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>державы</span> <span>, </span> <span>во</span> <span>власти</span> <span>которой</span> <span>они</span> <span>находятся</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn473" name="_ftnref473"> <span> <span>[472]</span> </span> </a> <span>При</span> <span>этом</span> <span>незаконное</span> <span>задержание</span> <span>и</span> <span>содержание</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>покровительствуемого</span> <span>лица</span> <span>считается</span> <span>военным</span> <span>преступлением</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn474" name="_ftnref474"> <span> <span>[473]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>не</span> <span>располагает</span> <span>доказательствами</span> <span>того</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>задержание</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>силами</span> <span> 159 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>было</span> <span> «</span> <span>совершенно</span> <span>необходимо</span> <span>для</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>державы</span> <span>». </span> <span>Многие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>были</span> <span>в</span> <span>преклонном</span> <span>возрасте</span> <span>, </span> <span>один</span> <span>был</span> <span>малолетним</span> <span>ребенком</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>были</span> <span>задержаны</span> <span>при</span> <span>таких</span> <span>обстоятельствах</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>убедительно</span> <span>указывают</span> <span>на</span> <span>то</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>они</span> <span>не</span> <span>оказывали</span> <span>вооруженного</span> <span>сопротивления</span> <span>, </span> <span>не</span> <span>участвовали</span> <span>в</span> <span>военных</span> <span>действиях</span> <span>и</span> <span>не</span> <span>представляли</span> <span>никакой</span> <span>другой</span> <span>угрозы</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Если</span> <span>бы</span> <span>среди</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>были</span> <span>грузины</span> <span>, </span> <span>принимавшие</span> <span>участие</span> <span>в</span> <span>военных</span> <span>действиях</span> <span>против</span> <span>осетинских</span> <span>или</span> <span>российских</span> <span>сил</span> <span>, </span> <span>но</span> <span>не</span> <span>входившие</span> <span>в</span> <span>состав</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>вооруженных</span> <span>сил</span> <span>, </span> <span>то</span> <span>в</span> <span>соответствии</span> <span>с</span> <span>гуманитарным</span> <span>правом</span> <span>такие</span> <span>лица</span> <span>считались</span> <span>бы</span> <span> «</span> <span>непривилегированными</span> <span>» </span> <span>комбатантами</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn475" name="_ftnref475"> <span> <span>[474]</span> </span> </a> <span>Грузины</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>взялись</span> <span>бы</span> <span>за</span> <span>оружие</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>защитить</span> <span>свою</span> <span>жизнь</span> <span>и</span> <span>имущество</span> <span>от</span> <span>наступавших</span> <span>осетинских</span> <span>или</span> <span>российских</span> <span>сил</span> <span>, </span> <span>считались</span> <span>бы</span> <span>вооруженными</span> <span>гражданскими</span> <span>лицами</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>обоих</span> <span>случаях</span> <span>задержание</span> <span>таких</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>было</span> <span>бы</span> <span>оправданным</span> <span>с</span> <span>точки</span> <span>зрения</span> <span>интересов</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>. </span> <span>При</span> <span>этом</span> <span>им</span> <span>должны</span> <span>были</span> <span>бы</span> <span>обеспечиваться</span> <span>гарантии</span> <span>, </span> <span>предусмотренные</span> <span>для</span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>Четвертой</span> <span>Женевской</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span>. </span> <span>Задержание</span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>должно</span> <span>осуществляться</span> <span>в</span> <span>рамках</span> <span>установленной</span> <span>процедуры</span> <span>, </span> <span>не</span> <span>противоречащей</span> <span>гуманитарному</span> <span>праву</span> <span>. </span> <span>Задержанные</span> <span>должны</span> <span>иметь</span> <span>право</span> <span>на</span> <span>обжалование</span> <span>интернирования</span> <span>и</span> <span>на</span> <span>пересмотр</span> <span>своего</span> <span>вопроса</span> <span>по</span> <span>крайней</span> <span>мере</span> <span>два</span> <span>раза</span> <span>в</span> <span>год</span> <span>. </span> <span>Конвенция</span> <span>детально</span> <span>регламентирует</span> <span>режим</span> <span>интернирования</span> <span>. </span> <span>Ко</span> <span>всем</span> <span>покровительствуемым</span> <span>лицам</span> <span>вне</span> <span>зависимости</span> <span>от</span> <span>места</span> <span>их</span> <span>нахождения</span> <span>и</span> <span>лишения</span> <span>их</span> <span>свободы</span> <span>должны</span> <span>допускаться</span> <span>делегаты</span> <span>Международного</span> <span>комитета</span> <span>Красного</span> <span>Креста</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn476" name="_ftnref476"> <span> <span>[475]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p><span>С</span><span>учетом</span><span>их</span><span>повышенной</span><span>уязвимости</span><span>дети</span><span>пользуются</span><span>особым</span><span>покровительством</span><span>Женевских</span><span>конвенций</span><span>. </span><span>Протокол</span>I <span>гласит</span><span>: «</span><span>Дети</span><span>пользуются</span><span>особым</span><span>уважением</span><span>… </span><span>Стороны</span><span>, </span><span>находящиеся</span><span>в</span><span>конфликте</span><span>, </span><span>обеспечивают</span><span>им</span><span>защиту</span><span>и</span><span>помощь</span><span>, </span><span>которые</span><span>им</span><span>требуются</span><span>ввиду</span><span>их</span><span>возраста</span><span>или</span><span>по</span><span>любой</span><span>другой</span><span>причине</span><span>».</span><a href="#_ftn477" name="_ftnref477"><span><span>[476]</span></span></a></p> <p> <span>Президент</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>Эдуард</span> <span>Кокойты</span> <span>заявил</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>этнические</span> <span>грузины</span> <span>были</span> <span>арестованы</span> <span>для</span> <span>их</span> <span>же</span> <span>собственной</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>не</span> <span>в</span> <span>рамках</span> <span>кампании</span> <span>по</span> <span>этнической</span> <span>чистке</span> <span>: «</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>защищает</span> <span>их</span> <span>и</span> <span>сохраняет</span> <span>им</span> <span>жизнь</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn478" name="_ftnref478"> <span> <span>[477]</span> </span> </a> <span>Женевские</span> <span>конвенции</span> <span>допускают</span> <span>интернирование</span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>в</span> <span>интересах</span> <span>обеспечения</span> <span>их</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>, </span> <span>однако</span> <span>нами</span> <span>не</span> <span>обнаружено</span> <span>каких</span> <span>-</span> <span>либо</span> <span>фактов</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>свидетельствовали</span> <span>бы</span> <span>о</span> <span>том</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>задержания</span> <span>производились</span> <span>с</span> <span>этой</span> <span>целью</span> <span>или</span> <span>обосновывались</span> <span>этими</span> <span>соображениями</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>задерживались</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>отступления</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>войск</span> <span>и</span> <span>в</span> <span>тех</span> <span>районах</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>фактически</span> <span>контролировались</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>силами</span> <span>. </span> <span>Это</span> <span>позволяет</span> <span>предположить</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>в</span> <span>большинстве</span> <span>случаев</span> <span>гражданские</span> <span>лица</span> <span>едва</span> <span>ли</span> <span>могли</span> <span>оказаться</span> <span>в</span> <span>зоне</span> <span>боев</span> <span>. </span> <span>Более</span> <span>того</span> <span>, </span> <span>большинство</span> <span>задерживались</span> <span>с</span> <span>применением</span> <span>насилия</span> <span>и</span> <span>угроз</span> <span>и</span> <span>подвергались</span> <span>бесчеловечному</span> <span>  </span> <span>и</span> <span>унижающему</span> <span>достоинство</span> <span>обращению</span> <span>и</span> <span>условиям</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>также</span> <span>принудительному</span> <span>труду</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>также</span> <span>не</span> <span>свидетельствует</span> <span>о</span> <span>намерении</span> <span>обеспечить</span> <span>их</span> <span>личную</span> <span>безопасность</span> <span>и</span> <span>благополучие</span> <span>.</span> </p> <h2> <span> <span>Недозволенное</span> </span> <span>обращение</span> <span>при</span> <span>задержании</span> <span>и</span> <span>недозволенное</span> <span>обращение</span> <span>по</span> <span>дороге</span> <span>к</span> <span>месту</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>, </span> <span>внесудебная</span> <span>казнь</span> <span>задержанного</span> </h2> <p> <span>Несколько</span> <span>бывших</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>из</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>и</span> <span>Горийского</span> <span>района</span> <span>в</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>говорили</span> <span>о</span> <span>недозволенном</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>при</span> <span>задержании</span> <span>со</span> <span>стороны</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>, </span> <span>включая</span> <span>унижения</span> <span>, </span> <span>угрозы</span> <span>убийством</span> <span>и</span> <span>имитацию</span> <span>казни</span> <span>. </span> <span>Некоторые</span> <span>также</span> <span>сообщали</span> <span>о</span> <span>недозволенном</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>по</span> <span>пути</span> <span>в</span> <span>югоосетинское</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>, </span> <span>куда</span> <span>доставляли</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>. </span> <span>Нами</span> <span>документирован</span> <span>по</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span>один</span> <span>случай</span> <span>внесудебной</span> <span>казни</span> <span>по</span> <span>пути</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Преднамеренное</span> <span>убийство</span> <span>и</span> <span>недозволенное</span> <span>обращение</span> <span>с</span> <span>задержанными</span> <span>составляют</span> <span>военные</span> <span>преступления</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn479" name="_ftnref479"> <span> <span>[478]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Задержания</span> </span> <span>на</span> <span>территории</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> </p> <p> <span>После</span> <span>появления</span> <span>в</span> <span>Кехви</span> <span> 11 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>осетинских</span> <span>сил</span> <span> 71-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Шермадин</span> <span>Небиеридзе</span> <span>укрылся</span> <span>в</span> <span>соседнем</span> <span>селе</span> <span>, </span> <span>но</span> <span>уже</span> <span>вечером</span> <span>вернулся</span> <span>и</span> <span>обнаружил</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>его</span> <span>дом</span> <span>горит</span> <span>. 12 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>с</span> <span>автоматами</span> <span>и</span> <span>в</span> <span>камуфляже</span> <span>с</span> <span>белыми</span> <span>повязками</span> <span>заметили</span> <span>его</span> <span>во</span> <span>дворе</span> <span>и</span> <span>под</span> <span>конвоем</span> <span>отвели</span> <span>в</span> <span>соседний</span> <span>двор</span> <span>:</span> </p> <p> <span>Один</span> <span>из</span> <span>них</span> <span>затвор</span> <span>передернул</span> <span>и</span> <span>на</span> <span>меня</span> <span>автомат</span> <span>наставил</span> <span>. </span> <span>Говорит</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Убью</span> <span>, </span> <span>сволочь</span> <span>!» </span> <span>Я</span> <span>умолял</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Ради</span> <span>бога</span> <span>, </span> <span>не</span> <span>убивайте</span> <span>! </span> <span>Я</span> <span>ничего</span> <span>не</span> <span>сделал</span> <span>. </span> <span>Я</span> <span>уже</span> <span>старый</span> <span>человек</span> <span>». </span> <span>Тут</span> <span>второй</span> <span>боец</span> <span>подходит</span> <span>, </span> <span>автомат</span> <span>отталкивает</span> <span>и</span> <span>говорит</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Оставь</span> <span>его</span> <span>». </span> <span>Тогда</span> <span>первый</span> <span>мне</span> <span>в</span> <span>грудь</span> <span>ногой</span> <span>дал</span> <span> – </span> <span>я</span> <span>опрокинулся</span> <span>на</span> <span>бетон</span> <span>. </span> <span>Наверное</span> <span>, </span> <span>головой</span> <span>ударился</span> <span>, </span> <span>потому</span> <span>что</span> <span>сознание</span> <span>потерял</span> <span>. </span> <span>Когда</span> <span>в</span> <span>себя</span> <span>пришел</span> <span> – </span> <span>попытался</span> <span>подняться</span> <span>. </span> <span>Второй</span> <span>мне</span> <span>ботинком</span> <span>по</span> <span>шее</span> <span> – </span> <span>я</span> <span>опять</span> <span>свалился</span> <span>. </span> <span>Подняли</span> <span>меня</span> <span>и</span> <span>со</span> <span>двора</span> <span>вывели</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn480" name="_ftnref480"> <span> <span>[479]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>69-</span> <span>летняя</span> <span>Салимат</span> <span>Багаева</span> <span>и</span> <span>ее</span> <span>муж</span> <span> - 73-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Ило</span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span>из</span> <span>села</span> <span>Земо</span> <span>Ачабети</span> <span>также</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>о</span> <span>недозволенном</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>во</span> <span>время</span> <span>задержания</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>силами</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>появились</span> <span>в</span> <span>селе</span> <span> 10 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>. </span> <span>Багаева</span> <span>, </span> <span>сама</span> <span> – </span> <span>осетинка</span> <span>, </span> <span>пошла</span> <span>проверить</span> <span>дом</span> <span>сына</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>этот</span> <span>момент</span> <span>туда</span> <span>ворвались</span> <span> 15 </span> <span>вооруженных</span> <span>осетинских</span> <span>ополченцев</span> <span>и</span> <span>наставили</span> <span>на</span> <span>нее</span> <span>автоматы</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Какого</span> <span>хрена</span> <span>тебе</span> <span>здесь</span> <span>надо</span> <span>?!»</span> <a href="#_ftn481" name="_ftnref481"> <span> <span>[480]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Когда</span> <span>туда</span> <span>подошел</span> <span>на</span> <span>помощь</span> <span>Ило</span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span> (</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>), </span> <span>ополченцы</span> <span>опять</span> <span>накинулись</span> <span>на</span> <span>Багаеву</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Ты</span> <span>зачем</span> <span>за</span> <span>эту</span> <span>грузинскую</span> <span>свинью</span> <span>вышла</span> <span>?» </span> <span>Один</span> <span>из</span> <span>них</span> <span>ударом</span> <span>ноги</span> <span>в</span> <span>грудь</span> <span>сбил</span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span>с</span> <span>ног</span> <span>. </span> <span>Когда</span> <span>тот</span> <span>попытался</span> <span>подняться</span> <span>, </span> <span>другой</span> <span>прикладом</span> <span>по</span> <span>шее</span> <span>прижал</span> <span>его</span> <span>к</span> <span>земле</span> <span>. </span> <span>Когда</span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span>все</span> <span>же</span> <span>поднялся</span> <span>, </span> <span>один</span> <span>из</span> <span>ополченцев</span> <span>ударил</span> <span>его</span> <span>кулаком</span> <span>в</span> <span>лицо</span> <span>, </span> <span>выбив</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>зубов</span> <span>. </span> <span>Обоих</span> <span>стариков</span> <span>с</span> <span>дочерью</span> <span>поставили</span> <span>к</span> <span>стене</span> <span>их</span> <span>дома</span> <span>и</span> <span>стали</span> <span>стрелять</span> <span>им</span> <span>под</span> <span>ноги</span> <span>и</span> <span>над</span> <span>головой</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn482" name="_ftnref482"> <span> <span>[481]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Багаеву</span> <span>, </span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span>и</span> <span>еще</span> <span> 10 </span> <span>или</span> <span> 15 </span> <span>жителей</span> <span>села</span> <span>заставили</span> <span>пешком</span> <span>пройти</span> <span>около</span> <span>километра</span> <span>в</span> <span>сторону</span> <span>Квемо</span> <span>Ачабети</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>Багаевой</span> <span>, </span> <span>один</span> <span>из</span> <span>ополченцев</span> <span>сказал</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Пошли</span> <span>с</span> <span>нами</span> <span>, </span> <span>иначе</span> <span>вы</span> <span>все</span> <span> - </span> <span>покойники</span> <span>. </span> <span>На</span> <span>ночь</span> <span>здесь</span> <span>оставаться</span> <span>запрещено</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn483" name="_ftnref483"> <span> <span>[482]</span> </span> </a> <span>Всех</span> <span>их</span> <span>погрузили</span> <span>в</span> <span>микроавтобус</span> <span>и</span> <span>отвезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>югоосетинское</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn484" name="_ftnref484"> <span> <span>[483]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>60-</span> <span>летняя</span> <span>Нуну</span> <span>Гогидзе</span> <span>рассказывала</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span> 10 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>к</span> <span>ней</span> <span>во</span> <span>двор</span> <span>в</span> <span>Тамарашени</span> <span>, </span> <span>когда</span> <span>она</span> <span>была</span> <span>дома</span> <span>одна</span> <span>, </span> <span>пришли</span> <span>двое</span> <span>российских</span> <span>и</span> <span>двое</span> <span>осетинских</span> <span>солдат</span> <span>и</span> <span>потребовали</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>она</span> <span>прошла</span> <span>с</span> <span>ними</span> <span>. </span> <span>На</span> <span>ее</span> <span>просьбу</span> <span>сходить</span> <span>за</span> <span>документами</span> <span> «</span> <span>они</span> <span>стали</span> <span>мне</span> <span>под</span> <span>ноги</span> <span>стрелять</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn485" name="_ftnref485"> <span> <span>[484]</span> </span> </a> <span>В</span> <span>тот</span> <span>же</span> <span>день</span> <span>трое</span> <span>или</span> <span>четверо</span> <span>ополченцев</span> <span>разграбили</span> <span>и</span> <span>сожгли</span> <span>дом</span> <span> 69-</span> <span>летней</span> <span>Тамары</span> <span>Хуцинашвили</span> <span>и</span> <span>ее</span> <span> 73-</span> <span>летнего</span> <span>мужа</span> <span>из</span> <span>того</span> <span>же</span> <span>села</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn486" name="_ftnref486"> <span> <span>[485]</span> </span> </a> <span>Их</span> <span>обоих</span> <span>привели</span> <span>на</span> <span>место</span> <span>сбора</span> <span>всех</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>в</span> <span>Тамарашени</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Я</span> <span>была</span> <span>в</span> <span>ужасе</span> <span>. </span> <span>Говорю</span> <span>им</span> <span>, </span> <span>убивайте</span> <span>, </span> <span>мол</span> <span>, </span> <span>если</span> <span>хотите</span> <span>. </span> <span>Один</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>мне</span> <span>по</span> <span>голове</span> <span>прикладом</span> <span>двинул</span> <span>и</span> <span>ругаться</span> <span>стал</span> <span>: '</span> <span>Кончай</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>собачьи</span> <span>говорить</span> <span>'».</span> <a href="#_ftn487" name="_ftnref487"> <span> <span>[486]</span> </span> </a> <span>После</span> <span>этого</span> <span>Гогидзе</span> <span>, </span> <span>Хуцинашвили</span> <span>и</span> <span>еще</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>жителей</span> <span>отвезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>югоосетинское</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn488" name="_ftnref488"> <span> <span>[487]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Задержания</span> </span> <span>в</span> <span>Горийском</span> <span>районе</span> </p> <p> <span>10 </span> <span>августа</span> <span> 60-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Тамаз</span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>решил</span> <span>оставить</span> <span>свой</span> <span>дом</span> <span>в</span> <span>селе</span> <span>Мерети</span> <span>и</span> <span>уехал</span> <span>на</span> <span>белом</span> <span>микроавтобусе</span> <span>в</span> <span>Тквиави</span> <span>. </span> <span>На</span> <span>подъезде</span> <span>к</span> <span>центру</span> <span>села</span> <span>машину</span> <span>остановили</span> <span>вооруженные</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>на</span> <span>БТРе</span> <span>, </span> <span>приказавшие</span> <span>всем</span> <span>выйти</span> <span>. </span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Выхожу</span> <span> – </span> <span>меня</span> <span>прикладом</span> <span>в</span> <span>живот</span> <span>. </span> <span>Обзывали</span> <span>нас</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>всякому</span> <span>…: «</span> <span>Свиньи</span> <span>, </span> <span>столько</span> <span>наших</span> <span>людей</span> <span>убили</span> <span>! </span> <span>Теперь</span> <span>мы</span> <span>вас</span> <span>в</span> <span>расход</span> <span>отправим</span> <span>!».</span> </p> <p> <span>Всех</span> <span>мужчин</span> <span>из</span> <span>этого</span> <span>микроавтобуса</span> <span>и</span> <span>еще</span> <span>из</span> <span>одной</span> <span>остановленной</span> <span>там</span> <span>же</span> <span>машины</span> <span>после</span> <span>этого</span> <span>загнали</span> <span>обратно</span> <span>в</span> <span>микроавтобус</span> <span>. </span> <span>На</span> <span>окраине</span> <span>Тирдзниси</span> <span>сидевший</span> <span>за</span> <span>рулем</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>не</span> <span>справился</span> <span>с</span> <span>управлением</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>машина</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>раз</span> <span>перевернулась</span> <span>. «</span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>людей</span> <span>выбрались</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>один</span> <span>человек</span> <span>внутри</span> <span>остался</span> <span>. </span> <span>Тогда</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>расстреляли</span> <span>машину</span> <span>из</span> <span>автоматов</span> <span>. </span> <span>Тот</span> <span>, </span> <span>внутри</span> <span>, </span> <span>мертвый</span> <span>был</span> <span>, </span> <span>хотя</span> <span>я</span> <span>не</span> <span>могу</span> <span>точно</span> <span>сказать</span> <span>из</span> <span>-</span> <span>за</span> <span>аварии</span> <span>это</span> <span>или</span> <span>потом</span> <span>уже</span> <span>», - </span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>. </span> <span>Сам</span> <span>он</span> <span>получил</span> <span>травму</span> <span>и</span> <span>жаловался</span> <span>на</span> <span>боли</span> <span>в</span> <span>голове</span> <span>и</span> <span>спине</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn489" name="_ftnref489"> <span> <span>[488]</span> </span> </a> <span>Водитель</span> <span>-</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>погиб</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn490" name="_ftnref490"> <span> <span>[489]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>На</span> <span>место</span> <span>аварии</span> <span>подъехал</span> <span>другой</span> <span>микроавтобус</span> <span>, </span> <span>куда</span> <span>загнали</span> <span>оставшихся</span> <span> 10 </span> <span>грузин</span> <span> (</span> <span>по</span> <span>меньшей</span> <span>мере</span> <span>четверо</span> <span>в</span> <span>суматохе</span> <span>сбежали</span> <span>). </span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>:</span> </p> <blockquote> <span>Положили</span> <span>нас</span> <span>лицом</span> <span>на</span> <span>пол</span> <span> [</span> <span>в</span> <span>грузовом</span> <span>отсеке</span> <span>]. </span> <span>Орали</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Голову</span> <span>не</span> <span>поднимать</span> <span>!» </span> <span>Один</span> <span>здоровый</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>в</span> <span>тяжелых</span> <span>ботинках</span> <span>мне</span> <span>всё</span> <span>на</span> <span>лодыжку</span> <span>давил</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>не</span> <span>дергался</span> <span>.</span> </blockquote> <blockquote> <span>Там</span> <span>парень</span> <span>был</span> <span>молодой</span> <span>, </span> <span>лет</span> <span> 25, </span> <span>рядом</span> <span>со</span> <span>мной</span> <span>лежал</span> <span>. </span> <span>Он</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>раз</span> <span>голову</span> <span>поднял</span> <span>, </span> <span>каждый</span> <span>раз</span> <span>получал</span> <span>. </span> <span>Потом</span> <span>вдруг</span> <span>один</span> <span>из</span> <span>этих</span> <span>затвор</span> <span>передернул</span> <span>и</span> <span>два</span> <span>раза</span> <span>ему</span> <span>в</span> <span>голову</span> <span>выстрелил</span> <span>, </span> <span>потом</span> <span>еще</span> <span>третий</span> <span> – «</span> <span>контрольный</span> <span>». </span> <span>У</span> <span>парня</span> <span>мозги</span> <span>выбило</span> <span> – </span> <span>всё</span> <span>на</span> <span>меня</span> <span>. 11 </span> <span>дней</span> <span>я</span> <span>в</span> <span>этой</span> <span>одежде</span> <span>проходил</span> <span>, </span> <span>с</span> <span>кровью</span> <span>и</span> <span>остатками</span> <span>мозгов</span> <span>. </span> <span>Труп</span> <span>они</span> <span>выкинули</span> <span>где</span> <span>-</span> <span>то</span> <span>между</span> <span>Броцлети</span> <span>и</span> <span>Мегврекиси</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn491" name="_ftnref491"> <span> <span>[490]</span> </span> </a> </blockquote> <p> <span>Оставшихся</span> <span>девятерых</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>привезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>школу</span> <span>№</span> <span> 6 </span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>, </span> <span>приспособленную</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>военными</span> <span>под</span> <span>свои</span> <span>нужды</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>том</span> <span>числе</span> <span>для</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>военнопленных</span> <span>. </span> <span>Там</span> <span>им</span> <span>угрожали</span> <span>побоями</span> <span>и</span> <span>расстрелом</span> <span>. </span> <span>Врач</span> <span>оказал</span> <span>помощь</span> <span>двум</span> <span>или</span> <span>трем</span> <span>задержанным</span> <span>, </span> <span>пострадавшим</span> <span>в</span> <span>аварии</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>напоил</span> <span>всех</span> <span>водой</span> <span>. </span> <span>К</span> <span>вечеру</span> <span>семь</span> <span>человек</span> <span>отправили</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвал</span> <span>югоосетинского</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>. </span> <span>Двоих</span> <span>отделили</span> <span>от</span> <span>группы</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>больше</span> <span>их</span> <span>никто</span> <span>не</span> <span>видел</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn492" name="_ftnref492"> <span> <span>[491]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>24-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Дмитрий</span> <span>Абукидзе</span> <span>из</span> <span>Церониси</span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span> 13 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>в</span> <span>селе</span> <span>появились</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>в</span> <span>камуфляже</span> <span>и</span> <span>стали</span> <span>выяснять</span> <span>судьбу</span> <span>троих</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>, </span> <span>якобы</span> <span>захваченных</span> <span>грузинскими</span> <span>военными</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Где</span> <span>трое</span> <span>наших</span> <span>из</span> <span>Знаури</span> <span>? </span> <span>Не</span> <span>найдете</span> <span> – </span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>отправим</span> <span>». </span> <span>После</span> <span>этого</span> <span>они</span> <span>забрали</span> <span>Абукидзе</span> <span>, </span> <span>его</span> <span>отца</span> <span>и</span> <span>нескольких</span> <span>соседей</span> <span>и</span> <span>посадили</span> <span>на</span> <span>БТР</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Тронулись</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>минут</span> <span>через</span> <span> 30 </span> <span>мне</span> <span>удалось</span> <span>соскочить</span> <span>. </span> <span>Они</span> <span>по</span> <span>мне</span> <span> - </span> <span>из</span> <span>автоматов</span> <span>,  </span> <span>в</span> <span>ногу</span> <span>попали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Потом</span> <span>нас</span> <span>всех</span> <span>отпустили</span> <span>».</span> <span> <a href="#_ftn493" name="_ftnref493"> <span>[492]</span> </a> </span> <span>Представляется</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>не</span> <span>хотели</span> <span> «</span> <span>светиться</span> <span>» </span> <span>с</span> <span>раненым</span> <span>и</span> <span>несколькими</span> <span>свидетелями</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span> <span>Недозволенное</span> </span> <span>обращение</span> <span>и</span> <span>унизительные</span> <span>условия</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> </p> <p> <span>Все</span> <span>опрошенные</span> <span>нами</span> <span>бывшие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>о</span> <span>неудовлетворительных</span> <span>условиях</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвале</span> <span>югоосетинского</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>маленькие</span> <span>подвальные</span> <span>камеры</span> <span>были</span> <span>забиты</span> <span>людьми</span> <span>. </span> <span>Многие</span> <span>говорили</span> <span>об</span> <span>унижающем</span> <span>достоинство</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>, </span> <span>особенно</span> <span>в</span> <span>момент</span> <span>прибытия</span> <span>. </span> <span>Ситуация</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>в</span> <span>этот</span> <span>период</span> <span>была</span> <span>крайне</span> <span>сложной</span> <span>: </span> <span>не</span> <span>было</span> <span>электричества</span> <span>, </span> <span>почти</span> <span>не</span> <span>было</span> <span>продуктов</span> <span>и</span> <span>воды</span> <span>. </span> <span>Однако</span> <span>вне</span> <span>зависимости</span> <span>от</span> <span>этих</span> <span>внешних</span> <span>условий</span> <span>российские</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинские</span> <span>власти</span> <span>были</span> <span>обязаны</span> <span>обеспечить</span> <span>гуманные</span> <span>условия</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>, </span> <span>которые</span> <span>соответствовали</span> <span>бы</span> <span>международным</span> <span>стандартам</span> <span>. </span> <span>Недозволенное</span> <span>обращение</span> <span>и</span> <span>сознательное</span> <span>причинение</span> <span>тяжелых</span> <span>страданий</span> <span>или</span> <span>серьезного</span> <span>вреда</span> <span>физическому</span> <span>или</span> <span>психическому</span> <span>здоровью</span> <span>составляют</span> <span>военные</span> <span>преступления</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn494" name="_ftnref494"> <span> <span>[493]</span> </span> </a> <span>В</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>некоторые</span> <span>бывшие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>утверждали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>в</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>периодически</span> <span>появлялись</span> <span>российские</span> <span>должностные</span> <span>лица</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn495" name="_ftnref495"> <span> <span>[494]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Недозволенное</span> </span> <span>обращение</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> </p> <p> <span>Тамаз</span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span> 10 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>его</span> <span>привезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>югоосетинское</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Выстроили</span> <span>нас</span> <span>лицом</span> <span>к</span> <span>стене</span> <span>. </span> <span>Фамилии</span> <span>переписали</span> <span>, </span> <span>обыскали</span> <span>, </span> <span>забрали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>было</span> <span>. </span> <span>Все</span> <span>время</span> <span>били</span> <span>, </span> <span>пинали</span> <span>, </span> <span>ругались</span> <span>, </span> <span>обзывали</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>всякому</span> <span>, </span> <span>типа</span> <span>, '</span> <span>свиньи</span> <span>грузинские</span> <span>', '</span> <span>суки</span> <span>'».</span> <a href="#_ftn496" name="_ftnref496"> <span> <span>[495]</span> </span> </a> <span>Другие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>также</span> <span>говорят</span> <span>об</span> <span>обыске</span> <span>, </span> <span>который</span> <span>иногда</span> <span>сопровождался</span> <span>побоями</span> <span>или</span> <span>раздеванием</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>также</span> <span>изъятием</span> <span>денег</span> <span>, </span> <span>мобильных</span> <span>телефонов</span> <span>, </span> <span>ювелирных</span> <span>изделий</span> <span>и</span> <span>личных</span> <span>документов</span> <span>. </span> <span>При</span> <span>освобождении</span> <span>задержанным</span> <span>возвращали</span> <span>только</span> <span>документы</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>то</span> <span>не</span> <span>во</span> <span>всех</span> <span>случаях</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn497" name="_ftnref497"> <span> <span>[496]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Некоторые</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>утверждают</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>заставляли</span> <span>их</span> <span>пройти</span> <span>по</span> <span>лежавшему</span> <span>у</span> <span>порога</span> <span>грузинскому</span> <span>флагу</span> <span>или</span> <span>плевать</span> <span>на</span> <span>него</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn498" name="_ftnref498"> <span> <span>[497]</span> </span> </a> <span>Ило</span> <span>Хабарели</span> <span>отказался</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Убейте</span> <span>меня</span> <span>здесь</span> <span>, </span> <span>я</span> <span>не</span> <span>буду</span> <span>этого</span> <span>делать</span> <span>». </span> <span>Тогда</span> <span>осетинский</span> <span>ополченец</span> <span>ударил</span> <span>его</span> <span>по</span> <span>голове</span> <span>, </span> <span>поставил</span> <span>лицом</span> <span>к</span> <span>стене</span> <span>и</span> <span>еще</span> <span>раз</span> <span>ударил</span> <span>по</span> <span>голове</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn499" name="_ftnref499"> <span> <span>[498]</span> </span> </a> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>Важи</span> <span>Лазагашвили</span> <span>, </span> <span>когда</span> <span>он</span> <span>попытался</span> <span>обойти</span> <span>флаг</span> <span>, </span> <span>осетины</span> <span>стали</span> <span>бить</span> <span>его</span> <span>прикладами</span> <span>по</span> <span>спине</span> <span>и</span> <span>по</span> <span>шее</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn500" name="_ftnref500"> <span> <span>[499]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Ни</span> <span>один</span> <span>из</span> <span>опрошенных</span> <span>нами</span> <span>бывших</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>не</span> <span>жаловался</span> <span>на</span> <span>побои</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвале</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>, </span> <span>за</span> <span>исключением</span> <span>случаев</span> <span>, </span> <span>когда</span> <span>людей</span> <span>избивали</span> <span>непосредственно</span> <span>при</span> <span>поступлении</span> <span>. </span> <span>При</span> <span>этом</span> <span>нам</span> <span>говорили</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>многих</span> <span>мужчин</span> <span>, </span> <span>особенно</span> <span>молодых</span> <span>, </span> <span>били</span> <span>, </span> <span>некоторых</span> <span>часто</span> <span>. </span> <span>Нам</span> <span>неизменно</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>этих</span> <span>людей</span> <span>выводили</span> <span>из</span> <span>камеры</span> <span>и</span> <span>из</span> <span>подвала</span> <span>, </span> <span>после</span> <span>чего</span> <span>они</span> <span>возвращались</span> <span>с</span> <span>явными</span> <span>следами</span> <span>побоев</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn501" name="_ftnref501"> <span> <span>[500]</span> </span> </a> <span> 48-</span> <span>летняя</span> <span>Манана</span> <span>Гогидзе</span> <span>говорит</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>была</span> <span>свидетелем</span> <span>регулярных</span> <span>избиений</span> <span>молодых</span> <span>мужчин</span> <span>:</span> </p> <p> <span>Мы</span> <span>видели</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>уводили</span> <span>наверх</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>крики</span> <span>их</span> <span>слышали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Когда</span> <span>обратно</span> <span>их</span> <span>приводили</span> <span> – </span> <span>по</span> <span>ним</span> <span>видно</span> <span>было</span> <span>… </span> <span>Я</span> <span>сама</span> <span>ссадины</span> <span>и</span> <span>синяки</span> <span>видела</span> <span>, </span> <span>помочь</span> <span>пыталась</span> <span>. </span> <span>Там</span> <span>парень</span> <span>был</span> <span>из</span> <span>Тирдзниси</span> <span>, </span> <span>его</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>раз</span> <span>били</span> <span>. </span> <span>Я</span> <span>видела</span> <span>большие</span> <span>черные</span> <span>синяки</span> <span>у</span> <span>него</span> <span>, </span> <span>на</span> <span>спине</span> <span>в</span> <span>основном</span> <span>… </span> <span>Еще</span> <span>один</span> <span>был</span> <span> [</span> <span>пожилой</span> <span>]…, </span> <span>он</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>осетински</span> <span>не</span> <span>говорил</span> <span>, </span> <span>хотя</span> <span>имя</span> <span>осетинское</span> <span>. </span> <span>За</span> <span>это</span> <span>его</span> <span>охранники</span> <span>как</span> <span>-</span> <span>то</span> <span>раз</span> <span>ударили</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn502" name="_ftnref502"> <span> <span>[501]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Салимат</span> <span>Багаева</span> <span>рассказывала</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span> «</span> <span>молодых</span> <span>ребят</span> <span>уводили</span> <span>и</span> <span>били</span> <span>сильно</span> <span>.</span> <span>Я</span> <span>их</span> <span>видела</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>синяках</span> <span>все</span> <span>. </span> <span>У</span> <span>одного</span> <span>нос</span> <span>сломанный</span> <span>был</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn503" name="_ftnref503"> <span> <span>[502]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Некоторые</span> <span>, </span> <span>хотя</span> <span>и</span> <span>не</span> <span>все</span> <span>, </span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>сообщали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>в</span> <span>период</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>их</span> <span>допрашивали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Один</span> <span>утверждал</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>осетинский</span> <span>милиционер</span> <span>оскорбил</span> <span>его</span> <span>. </span> <span>О</span> <span>недозволенном</span> <span>обращении</span> <span>во</span> <span>время</span> <span>допроса</span> <span>никто</span> <span>из</span> <span>опрошенных</span> <span>не</span> <span>сообщал</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span> <span>Унизительные</span> </span> <span>условия</span> <span>содержания</span> </p> <p> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>бывших</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>подвале</span> <span>было</span> <span>пять</span> <span>темных</span> <span>грязных</span> <span>камер</span> <span>без</span> <span>достаточной</span> <span>вентиляции</span> <span>и</span> <span>без</span> <span>окон</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>обычное</span> <span>время</span> <span>использовавшихся</span> <span>для</span> <span>краткосрочного</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>арестованных</span> <span>. </span> <span>Мужчин</span> <span>и</span> <span>женщин</span> <span>держали</span> <span>отдельно</span> <span>. </span> <span>Камеры</span> <span>скоро</span> <span>переполнились</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>охрана</span> <span>в</span> <span>конце</span> <span>концов</span> <span>была</span> <span>вынуждена</span> <span>открывать</span> <span>двери</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>могли</span> <span>выходить</span> <span>в</span> <span>коридор</span> <span>или</span> <span>в</span> <span>небольшой</span> <span>огороженный</span> <span>двор</span> <span>для</span> <span>прогулок</span> <span>, </span> <span>куда</span> <span>можно</span> <span>было</span> <span>попасть</span> <span>из</span> <span>подвала</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn504" name="_ftnref504"> <span> <span>[503]</span> </span> </a> <span>Как</span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>один</span> <span>из</span> <span>них</span> <span>, </span> <span>людей</span> <span>было</span> <span>слишком</span> <span>много</span> <span>, «</span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>свободно</span> <span>разойтись</span> <span>в</span> <span>коридоре</span> <span>или</span> <span>во</span> <span>внутреннем</span> <span>дворике</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn505" name="_ftnref505"> <span> <span>[504]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>В</span> <span>камерах</span> <span>было</span> <span>только</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>деревянных</span> <span>коек</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>многим</span> <span>приходилось</span> <span>спать</span> <span>сидя</span> <span>или</span> <span>лежа</span> <span>на</span> <span>полу</span> <span>в</span> <span>камерах</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>коридоре</span> <span>или</span> <span>во</span> <span>дворе</span> <span>. </span> <span>Пожилые</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>спали</span> <span>, </span> <span>сидя</span> <span>на</span> <span>перевернутом</span> <span>ведре</span> <span>, </span> <span>на</span> <span>табуретке</span> <span>или</span> <span>на</span> <span>куске</span> <span>картона</span> <span>на</span> <span>полу</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn506" name="_ftnref506"> <span> <span>[505]</span> </span> </a> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span> 76-</span> <span>летней</span> <span>Русудан</span> <span>Чрелидзе</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>их</span> <span>камере</span> <span> «</span> <span>женщины</span> <span>спали</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>селедки</span> <span>в</span> <span>банке</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn507" name="_ftnref507"> <span> <span>[506]</span> </span> </a> <span>В</span> <span>камере</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>находился</span> <span> 47-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>житель</span> <span>села</span> <span>Каралети</span> <span>, </span> <span>люди</span> <span>спали</span> <span>по</span> <span>очереди</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn508" name="_ftnref508"> <span> <span>[507]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Бывшие</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>говорят</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>им</span> <span>давали</span> <span>ограниченное</span> <span>количество</span> <span>воды</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>которой</span> <span>присутствовал</span> <span>песок</span> <span>и</span> <span>пить</span> <span>которую</span> <span>можно</span> <span>было</span> <span>далеко</span> <span>не</span> <span>всегда</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>также</span> <span>скудную</span> <span>пищу</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn509" name="_ftnref509"> <span> <span>[508]</span> </span> </a> <span>В</span> <span>первые</span> <span>дни</span> <span>давали</span> <span>только</span> <span>хлеб</span> <span>. </span> <span>Охрана</span> <span>бросала</span> <span>в</span> <span>камеру</span> <span>четыре</span> <span> – </span> <span>пять</span> <span>буханок</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Жрите</span> <span>, </span> <span>свиньи</span> <span>!»</span> <a href="#_ftn510" name="_ftnref510"> <span> <span>[509]</span> </span> </a> <span>Через</span> <span>некоторое</span> <span>время</span> <span>кормить</span> <span>стали</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>больше</span> <span>и</span> <span>лучше</span> <span>: </span> <span>гречневая</span> <span>каша</span> <span>, </span> <span>больше</span> <span>хлеба</span> <span>, </span> <span>чай</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>, </span> <span>за</span> <span>две</span> <span>недели</span> <span>они</span> <span>заметно</span> <span>похудели</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn511" name="_ftnref511"> <span> <span>[510]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>На</span> <span>всех</span> <span>был</span> <span>один</span> <span>туалет</span> <span>, </span> <span>отгороженный</span> <span>листом</span> <span>пленки</span> <span>, </span> <span>которую</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>повесили</span> <span>сами</span> <span>. </span> <span>Из</span> <span>-</span> <span>за</span> <span>отсутствия</span> <span>воды</span> <span>туалет</span> <span>часто</span> <span>переполнялся</span> <span>и</span> <span>распространял</span> <span>зловоние</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn512" name="_ftnref512"> <span> <span>[511]</span> </span> </a> <span>На</span> <span>вопрос</span> <span>о</span> <span>самой</span> <span>тяжелой</span> <span>стороне</span> <span>пребывания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>Русудан</span> <span>Чрелидзе</span> <span>ответила</span> <span>: «</span> <span>С</span> <span>туалетом</span> <span>были</span> <span>большие</span> <span>проблемы</span> <span>. </span> <span>Он</span> <span>был</span> <span>один</span> <span>на</span> <span>всех</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>туда</span> <span>все</span> <span>время</span> <span>длинная</span> <span>очередь</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn513" name="_ftnref513"> <span> <span>[512]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Принудительный</span> </span> <span>труд</span> </p> <p> <span>Многих</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>-</span> <span>мужчин</span> <span>осетины</span> <span>выводили</span> <span>на</span> <span>принудительные</span> <span>работы</span> <span>: </span> <span>уборку</span> <span>трупов</span> <span>с</span> <span>улиц</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>, </span> <span>разбор</span> <span>завалов</span> <span>, </span> <span>рытье</span> <span>могил</span> <span>и</span> <span>захоронение</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn514" name="_ftnref514"> <span> <span>[513]</span> </span> </a> <span>Двое</span> <span>из</span> <span>числа</span> <span>опрошенных</span> <span>нами</span> <span>заявили</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>иногда</span> <span>вызывались</span> <span>сами</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>хоть</span> <span>на</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>часов</span> <span>выбраться</span> <span>из</span> <span>переполненной</span> <span>камеры</span> <span>. </span> <span>При</span> <span>этом</span> <span>вознаграждения</span> <span>за</span> <span>работу</span> <span>никто</span> <span>не</span> <span>получал</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>соответствии</span> <span>с</span> <span>Четвертой</span> <span>Женевской</span> <span>конвенцией</span> <span> 1949 </span> <span>г</span> <span>., </span> <span>на</span> <span>принудительные</span> <span>работы</span> <span>могут</span> <span>направляться</span> <span>только</span> <span>лица</span> <span>старше</span> <span> 18 </span> <span>лет</span> <span> «</span> <span>и</span> <span>только</span> <span>на</span> <span>работу</span> <span>, </span> <span>необходимую</span> <span>либо</span> <span>для</span> <span>нужд</span> <span>оккупационной</span> <span>армии</span> <span>, </span> <span>либо</span> <span>на</span> <span>работу</span> <span>, </span> <span>связанную</span> <span>с</span> <span>коммунальными</span> <span>предприятиями</span> <span>, </span> <span>питанием</span> <span>, </span> <span>жилищем</span> <span>, </span> <span>одеждой</span> <span>, </span> <span>транспортом</span> <span>и</span> <span>здоровьем</span> <span>населения</span> <span>. … </span> <span>Работа</span> <span>должна</span> <span>справедливым</span> <span>образом</span> <span>оплачиваться</span> <span>» </span> <span>и</span> <span>не</span> <span>должна</span> <span>вынуждать</span> <span>покровительствуемых</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>принимать</span> <span>участие</span> <span>в</span> <span>военных</span> <span>операциях</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn515" name="_ftnref515"> <span> <span>[514]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>58-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Важа</span> <span>Лазагашвили</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>в</span> <span>течение</span> <span>всех</span> <span> 20 </span> <span>дней</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>его</span> <span>каждый</span> <span>день</span> <span>заставляли</span> <span>работать</span> <span>:</span> </p> <p> <span>Забирали</span> <span>нас</span> <span>с</span> <span> 9 </span> <span>утра</span> <span>до</span> <span>позднего</span> <span>вечера</span> <span>. </span> <span>Улицы</span> <span>очищали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Мне</span> <span>говорили</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>я</span> <span>обязан</span> <span>. </span> <span>Нужно</span> <span>было</span> <span>трупы</span> <span>с</span> <span>улиц</span> <span>собирать</span> <span>. </span> <span>Мы</span> <span>их</span> <span>в</span> <span>мешки</span> <span>специальные</span> <span>укладывали</span> <span>. </span> <span>У</span> <span>кого</span> <span>-</span> <span>то</span> <span>рук</span> <span>или</span> <span>ног</span> <span>не</span> <span>хватало</span> <span>. </span> <span>Собирали</span> <span>руки</span> <span>и</span> <span>ноги</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Иногда</span> <span>другую</span> <span>работу</span> <span>давали</span> <span>, </span> <span>типа</span> <span>, </span> <span>грузовики</span> <span>разгружать</span> <span>с</span> <span>гуманитарной</span> <span>помощью</span> <span>из</span> <span>России</span> <span>… </span> <span>После</span> <span>разгрузки</span> <span>давали</span> <span>каждому</span> <span>банку</span> <span>консервов</span> <span>и</span> <span>хлеб</span> <span>. </span> <span>Тогда</span> <span>только</span> <span>и</span> <span>передохнешь</span> <span>, </span> <span>с</span> <span>полчаса</span> <span>примерно</span> <span>. </span> <span>Какие</span> <span>деньги</span> <span> - </span> <span>не</span> <span>платили</span> <span>, </span> <span>конечно</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn516" name="_ftnref516"> <span> <span>[515]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>36-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>житель</span> <span>Земо</span> <span>Ачабети</span> <span>также</span> <span>был</span> <span>среди</span> <span>тех</span> <span> 30 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>, </span> <span>которых</span> <span>заставляли</span> <span>работать</span> <span>с</span> <span>раннего</span> <span>утра</span> <span>до</span> <span> 7 – 8 </span> <span>часов</span> <span>вечера</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Улицы</span> <span>убирали</span> <span>, </span> <span>мусор</span> <span>выбрасывали</span> <span>, </span> <span>мертвых</span> <span>собирали</span> <span>, </span> <span>хоронили</span> <span>. 44 </span> <span>человека</span> <span>похоронили</span> <span>. </span> <span>Большинство</span> <span>попортились</span> <span>уже</span> <span>». </span> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>этого</span> <span>задержанного</span> <span>, </span> <span>пока</span> <span>они</span> <span>работали</span> <span>, </span> <span>их</span> <span>кормили</span> <span>лучше</span> <span>: </span> <span>давали</span> <span>тушенку</span> <span>и</span> <span>воду</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn517" name="_ftnref517"> <span> <span>[516]</span> </span> </a> <span> 70-</span> <span>летнего</span> <span>Гайоза</span> <span>Бабуцидзе</span> <span>после</span> <span>недели</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span>два</span> <span>дня</span> <span>водили</span> <span>разгружать</span> <span>грузовики</span> <span>с</span> <span>гробами</span> <span>и</span> <span>рыть</span> <span>могилы</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>его</span> <span>оценке</span> <span>, </span> <span>они</span> <span>захоронили</span> <span> 50 </span> <span>трупов</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn518" name="_ftnref518"> <span> <span>[517]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>Те</span> <span>, </span> <span>кого</span> <span>выводили</span> <span>на</span> <span>работы</span> <span>, </span> <span>также</span> <span>подвергались</span> <span>унижающему</span> <span>достоинство</span> <span>обращению</span> <span>на</span> <span>обратном</span> <span>пути</span> <span>в</span> <span>подвал</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Иногда</span> <span>обратно</span> <span>пешком</span> <span>всю</span> <span>дорогу</span> <span>гнали</span> <span> … </span> <span>под</span> <span>конвоем</span> <span>. </span> <span>Люди</span> <span>на</span> <span>улице</span> <span>ругались</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>всякому</span> <span>, </span> <span>обзывали</span> <span>, - </span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>Важа</span> <span>Лазагашвили</span> <span>. – </span> <span>Суками</span> <span>называли</span> <span>, </span> <span>свиньями</span> <span>и</span> <span>еще</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>всякому</span> <span>матерно</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn519" name="_ftnref519"> <span> <span>[518]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Посещение</span> </span> <span>изолятора</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>МККК</span> <span>и</span> <span>журналистами</span> </p> <p> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>бывших</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>середине</span> <span>августа</span> <span>подвальный</span> <span>изолятор</span> <span>в</span> <span>здании</span> <span>югоосетинского</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>посетили</span> <span>представители</span> <span>Международного</span> <span>комитета</span> <span>Красного</span> <span>Креста</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Представляется</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>в</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>приезжали</span> <span>и</span> <span>журналисты</span> <span>. </span> <span>Давид</span> <span>Гиунашвили</span> <span>утверждает</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>общался</span> <span>с</span> <span>корреспондентом</span> <span> «</span> <span>Независимой</span> <span>газеты</span> <span>».</span> <a href="#_ftn520" name="_ftnref520"> <span> <span>[519]</span> </span> </a> <span>Тамаз</span> <span>Чалаури</span> <span>заявил</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>его</span> <span>заставили</span> <span>давать</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>российскому</span> <span>телевидению</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn521" name="_ftnref521"> <span> <span>[520]</span> </span> </a> <span> 51-</span> <span>летняя</span> <span>Эмилия</span> <span>Лапачи</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>от</span> <span>нее</span> <span>требовали</span> <span>положительных</span> <span>отзывов</span> <span>об</span> <span>условиях</span> <span>содержания</span> <span>:</span> </p> <p> <span>Как</span> <span>-</span> <span>то</span> <span>российские</span> <span>журналисты</span> <span>пришли</span> <span>брать</span> <span>у</span> <span>нас</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>. </span> <span>Охрана</span> <span>сказала</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>если</span> <span>мы</span> <span>хотим</span> <span>выйти</span> <span>отсюда</span> <span>, </span> <span>мы</span> <span>должны</span> <span>говорить</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>с</span> <span>нами</span> <span>обращаются</span> <span>хорошо</span> <span>, </span> <span>никаких</span> <span>жалоб</span> <span>нет</span> <span>. </span> <span>Велели</span> <span>говорить</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>нас</span> <span>посадили</span> <span>ради</span> <span>нашей</span> <span>же</span> <span>собственной</span> <span>безопасности</span> <span>. </span> <span>Мы</span> <span>это</span> <span>между</span> <span>собой</span> <span>обсудили</span> <span>, </span> <span>решили</span> <span>говорить</span> <span>все</span> <span>что</span> <span>угодно</span> <span>, </span> <span>лишь</span> <span>бы</span> <span>выйти</span> <span>оттуда</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn522" name="_ftnref522"> <span> <span>[521]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span> <span>Освобождение</span> </span> <span>гражданских</span> <span>задержанных</span> </p> <p> <span>21 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>осетинской</span> <span>стороной</span> <span>был</span> <span>освобожден</span> <span> 61 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>том</span> <span>числе</span> <span>большинство</span> <span>стариков</span> <span>и</span> <span>все</span> <span>женщины</span> <span>. </span> <span>Их</span> <span>обменяли</span> <span>на</span> <span>восемь</span> <span>человек</span> <span> – </span> <span>по</span> <span>версии</span> <span>грузинского</span> <span>Минобороны</span> <span>, </span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>ополченцев</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>последующие</span> <span>дни</span> <span>освобождались</span> <span>и</span> <span>остальные</span> <span>гражданские</span> <span>задержанные</span> <span>, </span> <span>последняя</span> <span>группа</span> <span> (81 </span> <span>человек</span> <span>) </span> <span>была</span> <span>освобождена</span> <span> 27 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>Тбилиси</span> <span>утверждали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>их</span> <span>обменяли</span> <span>на</span> <span>четверых</span> <span> «</span> <span>боевиков</span> <span>», </span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>во</span> <span>время</span> <span>активных</span> <span>боевых</span> <span>действий</span> <span>и</span> <span> 9 </span> <span>осетин</span> <span>, </span> <span>ранее</span> <span>осужденных</span> <span>за</span> <span>совершение</span> <span>преступлений</span> <span>и</span> <span>отбывавших</span> <span>наказание</span> <span>в</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>тюрьмах</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn523" name="_ftnref523"> <span> <span>[522]</span> </span> </a> <span>Обмен</span> <span>пленными</span> <span>является</span> <span>признанной</span> <span>и</span> <span>законной</span> <span>формой</span> <span>репатриации</span> <span>, </span> <span>однако</span> <span>его</span> <span>запрещается</span> <span>использовать</span> <span>для</span> <span>целей</span> <span>перемещения</span> <span>населения</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn524" name="_ftnref524"> <span> <span>[523]</span> </span> </a> <span>Запрещается</span> <span>также</span> <span>использовать</span> <span>пленных</span> <span>в</span> <span>качестве</span> <span>заложников</span> <span>, </span> <span>то</span> <span>есть</span> <span>незаконно</span> <span>задерживать</span> <span>людей</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>принудить</span> <span>противника</span> <span>к</span> <span>действию</span> <span>или</span> <span>бездействию</span> <span>ради</span> <span>их</span> <span>освобождения</span> <span>.</span> </p> <h2> <span> <span>Другие</span> </span> <span>случаи</span> <span>задержания</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинскими</span> <span>силами</span> </h2> <p> <span>Четверо</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>течение</span> <span>нескольких</span> <span>недель</span> <span>до</span> <span>начала</span> <span>боев</span> <span> 8 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>работавших</span> <span>на</span> <span>стройках</span> <span>в</span> <span>Джаве</span> <span>, </span> <span>рассказывали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>перед</span> <span>отправкой</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>содержались</span> <span>на</span> <span>двух</span> <span>войсковых</span> <span>опорных</span> <span>пунктах</span> <span>. </span> <span>Нами</span> <span>были</span> <span>по</span> <span>отдельности</span> <span>опрошены</span> <span>двое</span> <span>: 30-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Гогита</span> <span>Котуашвили</span> <span>и</span> <span> 47-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Давид</span> <span>Гиунашвили</span> <span>. </span> <span>После</span> <span>начала</span> <span>грузинских</span> <span>обстрелов</span> <span>Джавы</span> <span>в</span> <span>ночь</span> <span>с</span> <span> 7 </span> <span>на</span> <span> 8 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>они</span> <span>пешком</span> <span>отправились</span> <span>на</span> <span>юг</span> <span>, </span> <span>чтобы</span> <span>добраться</span> <span>до</span> <span>грузинского</span> <span>села</span> <span>, </span> <span>но</span> <span>вместо</span> <span>этого</span> <span>попали</span> <span>в</span> <span>осетинское</span> <span>село</span> <span>в</span> <span>Знаурском</span> <span>районе</span> <span>Южной</span> <span>Осетии</span> <span>. </span> <span>Там</span> <span>они</span> <span>были</span> <span>задержаны</span> <span>группой</span> <span>вооруженных</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>в</span> <span>штатском</span> <span>и</span> <span>несколькими</span> <span>военными</span> <span> (</span> <span>предположительно</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>). </span> <span>При</span> <span>задержании</span> <span>всех</span> <span>четверых</span> <span>избили</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>том</span> <span>числе</span> <span>прикладами</span> <span>по</span> <span>затылку</span> <span>. </span> <span>У</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>забрали</span> <span>документы</span> <span>, </span> <span>связали</span> <span>им</span> <span>руки</span> <span>за</span> <span>спиной</span> <span>, </span> <span>замотали</span> <span>головы</span> <span>и</span> <span>на</span> <span>машине</span> <span>отвезли</span> <span>на</span> <span>некую</span> <span> «</span> <span>военную</span> <span>базу</span> <span>», </span> <span>которая</span> <span>представляла</span> <span>собой</span> <span>большую</span> <span>палатку</span> <span>, </span> <span>охранявшуюся</span> <span>танком</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Там</span> <span>всех</span> <span>четверых</span> <span>допросили</span> <span>, </span> <span>отдельно</span> <span>уточнив</span> <span>, </span> <span>не</span> <span>являются</span> <span>ли</span> <span>они</span> <span>грузинскими</span> <span>военнослужащими</span> <span>. </span> <span>После</span> <span>этого</span> <span>их</span> <span>посадили</span> <span>в</span> <span>земляную</span> <span>яму</span> <span>примерно</span> <span>полтора</span> <span>метра</span> <span>глубиной</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>они</span> <span>просидели</span> <span>три</span> <span>дня</span> <span>. </span> <span>Их</span> <span>кормили</span> <span>армейским</span> <span>сухим</span> <span>пайком</span> <span>с</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>этикетками</span> <span>, </span> <span>они</span> <span>могли</span> <span>видеть</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>на</span> <span>объект</span> <span>приезжали</span> <span>машины</span> <span>с</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>номерами</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>слышали</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>в</span> <span>палатке</span> <span>говорили</span> <span>по</span> <span>-</span> <span>русски</span> <span>. 9 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>двое</span> <span>в</span> <span>камуфляже</span> <span>вытащили</span> <span>их</span> <span>из</span> <span>ямы</span> <span>, </span> <span>снова</span> <span>замотали</span> <span>им</span> <span>головы</span> <span>и</span> <span>связали</span> <span>руки</span> <span>, </span> <span>после</span> <span>чего</span> <span>им</span> <span>сказали</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>их</span> <span>отправляют</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>на</span> <span>российско</span> <span>-</span> <span>осетинскую</span> <span>базу</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>прибытии</span> <span>туда</span> <span>задержанным</span> <span>открыли</span> <span>головы</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>они</span> <span>могли</span> <span>видеть</span> <span>большое</span> <span>количество</span> <span>военной</span> <span>техники</span> <span>, </span> <span>включая</span> <span>танки</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>опрошенных</span> <span>нами</span> <span>, </span> <span>там</span> <span>было</span> <span>много</span> <span>русских</span> <span>и</span> <span>чеченцев</span> <span> – </span> <span>российских</span> <span>военнослужащих</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>также</span> <span>добровольцы</span> <span>из</span> <span>России</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Задержанных</span> <span>в</span> <span>окружении</span> <span>доставивших</span> <span>их</span> <span>лиц</span> <span>и</span> <span> 10 – 15 </span> <span>военнослужащих</span> <span>поставили</span> <span>на</span> <span>колени</span> <span>рядом</span> <span>с</span> <span>лежавшими</span> <span>на</span> <span>земле</span> <span>трупами</span> <span>двух</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>. </span> <span>Давиду</span> <span>Гиунашвили</span> <span>и</span> <span>Гогите</span> <span>Котуашвили</span> <span>приказали</span> <span>пристрелить</span> <span>двух</span> <span>товарищей</span> <span>. </span> <span>Когда</span> <span>первый</span> <span>отказался</span> <span>, </span> <span>окружающие</span> <span>не</span> <span>стали</span> <span>настаивать</span> <span>и</span> <span>вместо</span> <span>этого</span> <span>велели</span> <span>всем</span> <span>четверым</span> <span>погрузить</span> <span>трупы</span> <span>в</span> <span>машину</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn525" name="_ftnref525"> <span> <span>[524]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>После</span> <span>этого</span> <span>осетинские</span> <span>и</span> <span>российские</span> <span>солдаты</span> <span>усадили</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>на</span> <span>краю</span> <span>бассейна</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>их</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>раз</span> <span>ударили</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>заявлению</span> <span>Гогиты</span> <span>Котуашвили</span> <span>, </span> <span>ему</span> <span>досталось</span> <span>прикладом</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn526" name="_ftnref526"> <span> <span>[525]</span> </span> </a> <span>Задержанных</span> <span>поместили</span> <span>в</span> <span>домик</span> <span>, </span> <span>похожий</span> <span>на</span> <span>караульное</span> <span>помещение</span> <span>, </span> <span>с</span> <span>двумя</span> <span>койками</span> <span>. </span> <span>Их</span> <span>водили</span> <span>кормить</span> <span>в</span> <span>общую</span> <span>столовую</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>они</span> <span>постоянно</span> <span>подвергались</span> <span>оскорблениям</span> <span>со</span> <span>стороны</span> <span>военнослужащих</span> <span>. 11 </span> <span>или</span> <span> 12 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>двое</span> <span>в</span> <span>серо</span> <span>-</span> <span>голубом</span> <span>камуфляже</span> <span>забрали</span> <span>всех</span> <span>четверых</span> <span>в</span> <span>югоосетинское</span> <span>МВД</span> <span>в</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn527" name="_ftnref527"> <span> <span>[526]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>16 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>явно</span> <span>на</span> <span>этой</span> <span>же</span> <span>базе</span> <span>содержались</span> <span>под</span> <span>стражей</span> <span> 40-</span> <span>летний</span> <span>Николоз</span> <span>Еремов</span> <span>и</span> <span>Важа</span> <span>Кебадзе</span> <span>из</span> <span>села</span> <span>Вариани</span> <span>Горийского</span> <span>района</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>словам</span> <span>первого</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>тот</span> <span>день</span> <span>они</span> <span>были</span> <span>задержаны</span> <span>в</span> <span>Вариани</span> <span>предположительно</span> <span>российскими</span> <span>военными</span> <span>и</span> <span>доставлены</span> <span>на</span> <span>базу</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>их</span> <span>сразу</span> <span>посадили</span> <span>в</span> <span>пустой</span> <span>бассейн</span> <span>. </span> <span>В</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>Еремов</span> <span>утверждал</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>на</span> <span>базе</span> <span>были</span> <span>русские</span> <span>, </span> <span>чеченцы</span> <span>и</span> <span>казаки</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>также</span> <span>много</span> <span>тяжелой</span> <span>военной</span> <span>техники</span> <span>.</span> <span>Российские</span> <span>и</span> <span>осетинские</span> <span>солдаты</span> <span>заставили</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>раздеться</span> <span>и</span> <span>поставили</span> <span>к</span> <span>стенке</span> <span>бассейна</span> <span>со</span> <span>связанными</span> <span>за</span> <span>спиной</span> <span>руками</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Еремов</span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>трое</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>избивали</span> <span>его</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>то</span> <span>время</span> <span>как</span> <span>российский</span> <span>военнослужащий</span> <span>допрашивал</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Офицер</span> <span>меня</span> <span>не</span> <span>бил</span> <span>, </span> <span>это</span> <span>другие</span> <span>. </span> <span>Осетины</span> <span>били</span> <span>по</span> <span>ногам</span> <span>и</span> <span>по</span> <span>плечам</span> <span>прикладами</span> <span>, </span> <span>а</span> <span>российский</span> <span>офицер</span> <span>вопросы</span> <span>задавал</span> <span>». </span> <span>Он</span> <span>слышал</span> <span>, </span> <span>как</span> <span>допрашивали</span> <span>и</span> <span>избивали</span> <span>Кебадзе</span> <span>, </span> <span>который</span> <span>кричал</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Убейте</span> <span>меня</span> <span>! </span> <span>Только</span> <span>не</span> <span>бейте</span> <span>больше</span> <span>!» </span> <span>Через</span> <span>три</span> <span>часа</span> <span>Еремову</span> <span>разрешили</span> <span>одеться</span> <span>и</span> <span>выпустили</span> <span>в</span> <span>лес</span> <span>со</span> <span>словами</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Вали</span> <span>отсюда</span> <span>домой</span> <span>!» </span> <span>Кебадзе</span> <span>остался</span> <span>в</span> <span>бассейне</span> <span>. </span> <span>На</span> <span>момент</span> <span>интервью</span> <span>неделю</span> <span>спустя</span> <span>у</span> <span>Еремова</span> <span>не</span> <span>было</span> <span>никаких</span> <span>сведений</span> <span>о</span> <span>судьбе</span> <span>его</span> <span>спутника</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn528" name="_ftnref528"> <span> <span>[527]</span> </span> </a> </p> <p> <span>12 </span> <span>августа</span> <span>Серго</span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>ушел</span> <span>пешком</span> <span>в</span> <span>направлении</span> <span>Гори</span> <span>из</span> <span>села</span> <span>Никози</span> <span>на</span> <span>административной</span> <span>границе</span> <span>, </span> <span>спасаясь</span> <span>от</span> <span>бомбежек</span> <span>. </span> <span>По</span> <span>дороге</span> <span>его</span> <span>задержали</span> <span>на</span> <span>блокпосту</span> <span>в</span> <span>селе</span> <span>Шиндиси</span> <span>шестеро</span> <span>или</span> <span>семеро</span> <span>осетин</span> <span>. </span> <span>При</span> <span>этом</span> <span>его</span> <span>в</span> <span>течение</span> <span>примерно</span> <span> 20 </span> <span>минут</span> <span>избивали</span> <span>, </span> <span>в</span> <span>том</span> <span>числе</span> <span>ногами</span> <span>и</span> <span>прикладами</span> <span>, </span> <span>затем</span> <span>затолкали</span> <span>в</span> <span>машину</span> <span>. «</span> <span>Они</span> <span>грозились</span> <span>убить</span> <span>меня</span> <span>, </span> <span>если</span> <span>не</span> <span>сделаю</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>они</span> <span>велят</span> <span>. </span> <span>Автоматом</span> <span>грозили</span> <span>. [</span> <span>В</span> <span>машине</span> <span>] </span> <span>тоже</span> <span>били</span> <span>куда</span> <span>придется</span> <span>», - </span> <span>рассказывал</span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>Хьюман</span> <span>Райтс</span> <span>Вотч</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>Его</span> <span>привезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>некое</span> <span>место</span> <span>, </span> <span>которое</span> <span>он</span> <span>называл</span> <span>базой</span> <span>под</span> <span>Цхинвали</span> <span>. </span> <span>Не</span> <span>исключено</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>это</span> <span>была</span> <span>та</span> <span>же</span> <span>база</span> <span>, </span> <span>которая</span> <span>фигурировала</span> <span>в</span> <span>вышеприведенных</span> <span>случаях</span> <span>. </span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>рассказывает</span> <span>о</span> <span>своем</span> <span>недолгом</span> <span>пребывании</span> <span>там</span> <span>:</span> </p> <p> <span>Допрашивать</span> <span>стали</span> <span>, </span> <span>только</span> <span>сначала</span> <span>побили</span> <span>хорошенько</span> <span>. </span> <span>За</span> <span>что</span> <span>забрали</span> <span>, </span> <span>не</span> <span>объясняли</span> <span>. </span> <span>Отвели</span> <span> … </span> <span>на</span> <span>склад</span> <span>какой</span> <span>-</span> <span>то</span> <span>. </span> <span>Там</span> <span>было</span> <span>человек</span> <span> 10 –15 </span> <span>осетин</span> <span>, </span> <span>все</span> <span>в</span> <span>камуфляже</span> <span>. </span> <span>Били</span> <span>кулаками</span> <span>, </span> <span>ногами</span> <span>, </span> <span>прикладами</span> <span>тоже</span> <span>… </span> <span>Спрашивали</span> <span>, </span> <span>служил</span> <span>я</span> <span>или</span> <span>нет</span> <span>, </span> <span>где</span> <span>грузинские</span> <span>войска</span> <span>… </span> <span>Одного</span> <span>, </span> <span>Алана</span> <span>, </span> <span>я</span> <span>знал</span> <span>, … </span> <span>он</span> <span>тоже</span> <span>меня</span> <span>бил</span> <span>… </span> <span>Решили</span> <span>, </span> <span>что</span> <span>надо</span> <span>меня</span> <span>расстрелять</span> <span>… </span> <span>Затворами</span> <span>задергали</span> <span>, </span> <span>один</span> <span>уже</span> <span>вскинулся</span> <span>. </span> <span>Я</span> <span>заплакал</span> <span>.</span> </p> <p> <span>В</span> <span>этот</span> <span>момент</span> <span>Алан</span> <span>вступился</span> <span>за</span> <span>своего</span> <span>знакомого</span> <span>, </span> <span>и</span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>отвели</span> <span>в</span> <span>небольшое</span> <span>помещение</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Все</span> <span>, </span> <span>кому</span> <span>вздумается</span> <span>, </span> <span>заходили</span> <span>и</span> <span>били</span> <span>меня</span> <span>. </span> <span>Я</span> <span>там</span> <span>два</span> <span>или</span> <span>три</span> <span>часа</span> <span>просидел</span> <span>. </span> <span>За</span> <span>это</span> <span>время</span> <span>несколько</span> <span>раз</span> <span>побили</span> <span>».</span> </p> <p> <span>Затем</span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>отвезли</span> <span>в</span> <span>Вариани</span> <span>и</span> <span>передали</span> <span>российским</span> <span>военнослужащим</span> <span>на</span> <span>блокпосту</span> <span>. </span> <span>Там</span> <span>было</span> <span>еще</span> <span>двое</span> <span>грузин</span> <span>. </span> <span>Российские</span> <span>солдаты</span> <span>перевязали</span> <span>одного</span> <span>из</span> <span>задержанных</span> <span>, </span> <span>накормили</span> <span>и</span> <span>напоили</span> <span>всех</span> <span>троих</span> <span>. </span> <span>Миндиашвили</span> <span>допросил</span> <span>российский</span> <span>офицер</span> <span>, </span> <span>после</span> <span>чего</span> <span>сказал</span> <span>солдатам</span> <span>: «</span> <span>Кончайте</span> <span>с</span> <span>ним</span> <span>». </span> <span>Однако</span> <span>те</span> <span>отпустили</span> <span>его</span> <span>, </span> <span>когда</span> <span>офицер</span> <span>уехал</span> <span>.</span> <a href="#_ftn529" name="_ftnref529"> <span> <span>[528]</span> </span> </a> </p> </div> </div><ul class="links clear-block xslt-book-links"><li class="prev first"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/27" class="prev">Page 27</a></li> <li class="next"><a href="/web/20140717224651/http://www.hrw.org/ru/node/79863/section/29" class="next">Page 29</a></li> <li class="count last"><span class="count">Страница 28 из 32</span></li> </ul><div class="references"><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn466"><p><a href="#_ftnref466" name="_ftn466"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[465]</span></span></span></span></a><span> По информации Совета национальной безопасности Грузии, ответ от 3 декабря 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn467"><p><a href="#_ftnref467" name="_ftn467"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[466]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Официальные протоколы обмена грузинских, осетинских и российских пленных, копии в досье Хьюман Райтс Вотч.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn468"><p><a href="#_ftnref468" name="_ftn468"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[467]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Двое бывших задержанных в отдельных интервью утверждали, что мальчик – Георгий был задержан вместе с отцом и содержался вместе с ними в подвале югоосетинского МВД в Цхинвали. Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Гогитой Котуашвили и Тамазом Чалаури. Гори, 15 и 10 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn469"><p><a href="#_ftnref469" name="_ftn469"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[468]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Четвертая Женевская конвенция 1949 г., статья 3.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn470"><p><a href="#_ftnref470" name="_ftn470"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[469]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Там же, статья 147.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn471"><p><a href="#_ftnref471" name="_ftn471"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[470]</span></span></span></span></a><span> МПГПП, статья 7; ЕКПЧ, статья 3.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn472"><p><a href="#_ftnref472" name="_ftn472"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[471]</span></span></span></span></a><span> МПГПП, статья 4 (право отступления), статья 9 (право на свободу и личную неприкосновенность); соответствующие статьи ЕКПЧ: 15 и 9.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn473"><p><a href="#_ftnref473" name="_ftn473"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[472]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Четвертая Женевская конвенция 1949 г., статья 42.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn474"><p><a href="#_ftnref474" name="_ftn474"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[473]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Там же, статья 147.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn475"><p><a href="#_ftnref475" name="_ftn475"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[474]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Мы не зафиксировали таких случаев, но не можем исключать, что они были.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn476"><p><a href="#_ftnref476" name="_ftn476"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[475]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Четвертая Женевская конвенция 1949 г., статьи 76, 78.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn477"><p><a href="#_ftnref477" name="_ftn477"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[476]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Статья 77.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn478"><p><a href="#_ftnref478" name="_ftn478"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[477]</span></span></span></span></a><span> «Лучший репортаж с войны в Грузии – белорусского журналиста Юрия Карманова», </span><span>http</span><span>://</span><span>peace</span><span>.</span><span>yhrm</span><span>.</span><span>org</span><span>/?</span><span>q</span><span>=</span><span>content</span><span>/</span><span>luchshii</span><span>-</span><span>reportazh</span><span>-</span><span>s</span><span>-</span><span>voiny</span><span>-</span><span>v</span><span>-</span><span>gruzii</span><span>-%</span><span>E</span><span>2%80%93-</span><span>belorusskogo</span><span>-</span><span>zhurnalista</span><span>-</span><span>yuriya</span><span>-</span><span>karmanova</span><span>.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn479"><p><a href="#_ftnref479" name="_ftn479"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[478]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Четвертая Женевская конвенция 1949 г., статья 147.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn480"><p><a href="#_ftnref480" name="_ftn480"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[479]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn481"><p><a href="#_ftnref481" name="_ftn481"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[480]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn482"><p><a href="#_ftnref482" name="_ftn482"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[481]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Ило Хабарели. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn483"><p><a href="#_ftnref483" name="_ftn483"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[482]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn484"><p><a href="#_ftnref484" name="_ftn484"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[483]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой и Ило Хабарели. Тбилиси 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn485"><p><a href="#_ftnref485" name="_ftn485"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[484]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 26 августа 2008 г. </span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn486"><p><a href="#_ftnref486" name="_ftn486"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[485]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Тамарой Хуцинашвили. Тбилиси 26 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn487"><p><a href="#_ftnref487" name="_ftn487"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[486]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Там же.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn488"><p><a href="#_ftnref488" name="_ftn488"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[487]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Нуну Гогидзе и Тамарой Хуцинашвили. Тбилиси, 26 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn489"><p><a href="#_ftnref489" name="_ftn489"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[488]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Гори, 10 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn490"><p><a href="#_ftnref490" name="_ftn490"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[489]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Кобой Кебадзе. Гори, 6 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn491"><p><a href="#_ftnref491" name="_ftn491"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[490]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Там же.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn492"><p><a href="#_ftnref492" name="_ftn492"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[491]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Там же.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn493"><p><a href="#_ftnref493" name="_ftn493"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[492]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Хашури, 23 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn494"><p><a href="#_ftnref494" name="_ftn494"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[493]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Четвертая Женевская конвенция 1949 г., статья 147.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn495"><p><a href="#_ftnref495" name="_ftn495"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[494]</span></span></span></span></a><span> По словам Давида Гиунашвили, 19 или 20 августа его допрашивали люди в российской прокурорской форме (интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч, Гори, 20 сентября 2008 г.) Тамаз Чалаури также утверждал, что примерно 20 августа его допрашивали некие люди, говорившие только по-русски, некоторые – в военной форме (интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч, Гори, 10 сентября 2008 г.) Эмилия Лапачи утверждала, что 12 августа ее допрашивал человек, представившийся российским подполковником. Она была задержана 11 августа и несколько часов провела в расположении российских войск, после чего ее отправили в МВД в Цхинвали (интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч, Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.) </span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn496"><p><a href="#_ftnref496" name="_ftn496"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[495]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Гори, 10 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn497"><p><a href="#_ftnref497" name="_ftn497"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[496]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Ило Хабарели (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Ильей Чулукидзе (Тбилиси, 26 августа 2008 г.), Салимат Багаевой (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn498"><p><a href="#_ftnref498" name="_ftn498"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[497]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), жителем с. Земо Ачабети (имя не разглашается, Рустави, 28 и 29 августа 2008 г.) и Важей Лазагашвили (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn499"><p><a href="#_ftnref499" name="_ftn499"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[498]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn500"><p><a href="#_ftnref500" name="_ftn500"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[499]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn501"><p><a href="#_ftnref501" name="_ftn501"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[500]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с жителем с. Земо Ачабети (имя не разглашается, Рустави, 29 августа 2008 г.) и Надеждой Гогидзе (Рустави, 28 августа 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn502"><p><a href="#_ftnref502" name="_ftn502"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[501]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn503"><p><a href="#_ftnref503" name="_ftn503"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[502]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn504"><p><a href="#_ftnref504" name="_ftn504"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[503]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Ильей Чулукидзе (Тбилиси, 26 августа 2008 г.), Ило Хабарели (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Салимат Багаевой (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Мананой Гогидзе (Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn505"><p><a href="#_ftnref505" name="_ftn505"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[504]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой. Тбилиси 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn506"><p><a href="#_ftnref506" name="_ftn506"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[505]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Русудан Чрелидзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Тамазом Чалаури (Гори, 10 сентября 2008 г.) и Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn507"><p><a href="#_ftnref507" name="_ftn507"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[506]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn508"><p><a href="#_ftnref508" name="_ftn508"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[507]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Давидом Гиунашвили. Гори, 20 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn509"><p><a href="#_ftnref509" name="_ftn509"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[508]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с жителем с. Земо Ачабети (имя не разглашается, Рустави, 28 и 29 августа 2008 г.), Гайозом Бабуцидзе (Тбилиси, 29 августа 2008 г.), Ило Хабарели (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Салимат Багаевой (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.) и Русудан Чрелидзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn510"><p><a href="#_ftnref510" name="_ftn510"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[509]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Ило Хабарели (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.) и Мананой Гогидзе (Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn511"><p><a href="#_ftnref511" name="_ftn511"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[510]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Салимат Багаевой (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.) и Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn512"><p><a href="#_ftnref512" name="_ftn512"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[511]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Шермадином Небиеридзе (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.) и Мананой Гогидзе (Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn513"><p><a href="#_ftnref513" name="_ftn513"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[512]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn514"><p><a href="#_ftnref514" name="_ftn514"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[513]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Важей Лазагашвили (Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.), Гайозом Бабуцидзе (Тбилиси, 29 августа 2008 г.) и Отаром Мернашвили (29 августа 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn515"><p><a href="#_ftnref515" name="_ftn515"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[514]</span></span></span></span></a><span>Статья</span><span> 51; ICRC, <i>Customary International Humanitarian Law</i>, rule 95.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn516"><p><a href="#_ftnref516" name="_ftn516"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[515]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn517"><p><a href="#_ftnref517" name="_ftn517"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[516]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч (имя не разглашается). Рустави, 28 и 29 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn518"><p><a href="#_ftnref518" name="_ftn518"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[517]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 29 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn519"><p><a href="#_ftnref519" name="_ftn519"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[518]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Тбилиси, 12 сентября 2008 г. Об этом же 29 августа в Тбилиси нам говорил и Гайоз Бабуцидзе.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn520"><p><a href="#_ftnref520" name="_ftn520"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[519]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Гори, 20 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn521"><p><a href="#_ftnref521" name="_ftn521"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[520]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Гори, 10 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn522"><p><a href="#_ftnref522" name="_ftn522"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[521]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Рустави, 23 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn523"><p><a href="#_ftnref523" name="_ftn523"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[522]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с замминистра обороны Грузии Мамукой Муджири. Тбилиси, 15 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn524"><p><a href="#_ftnref524" name="_ftn524"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[523]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Перемещение населения запрещено международным правом. </span><span>ICRC</span><span>, </span><i><span>Customary</span></i><i><span>International</span></i><i><span>Humanitarian</span></i><i><span>Law</span></i><i><span>, </span></i><span>rule</span><span> 129; Четвертая Женевская Конвенция, статья 147; Протокол </span><span>I</span><span>, статья 85(4) (</span><span>a</span><span>).</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn525"><p><a href="#_ftnref525" name="_ftn525"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[524]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Гогитой Котуашвили (Гори, 15 сентября 2008 г.) и Давидом Гиунашвили (Гори, 20 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn526"><p><a href="#_ftnref526" name="_ftn526"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[525]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч. Гори, 15 сентября 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn527"><p><a href="#_ftnref527" name="_ftn527"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[526]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Гогитой Котуашвили (Гори, 15 сентября 2008 г.) и Давидом Гиунашвили (Гори, 20 сентября 2008 г.)</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn528"><p><a href="#_ftnref528" name="_ftn528"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[527]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Николозом Еремовым. Вариани, 24 августа 2008 г.</span></p></div><div xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:st1="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" id="ftn529"><p><a href="#_ftnref529" name="_ftn529"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span>[528]</span></span></span></span></a><span> Интервью Хьюман Райтс Вотч с Серго Миндиашвили. 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