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<li id="toc-The_first_minted_coins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_first_minted_coins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>The first minted coins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_first_minted_coins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_minting_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_minting_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early minting technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_minting_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_screw_press" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_screw_press"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The screw press</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_screw_press-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_minting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_minting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Industrial minting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_minting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_mints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_mints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Notable mints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_mints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mint (facility)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9" title="دار سك العملة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دار سك العملة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceca" title="Ceca – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ceca" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C9%99rbxana" title="Zərbxana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zərbxana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Манетны двор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манетны двор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Мынца – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мынца" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Монетен двор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монетен двор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seca" title="Seca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Seca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mincovna" title="Mincovna – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mincovna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCnzpr%C3%A4geanstalt" title="Münzprägeanstalt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Münzprägeanstalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_(%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7)" title="Νομισματοκοπείο (εγκατάσταση) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νομισματοκοπείο (εγκατάσταση)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_moneda" title="Casa de moneda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Casa de moneda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monfarejo" title="Monfarejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monfarejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txanpon_etxe" title="Txanpon etxe – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txanpon etxe" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87" title="ضرابخانه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ضرابخانه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monnaie_(institution)" title="Monnaie (institution) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monnaie (institution)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_moeda" title="Casa de moeda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casa de moeda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%ED%8F%90%EA%B5%AD" title="조폐국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조폐국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Դրամահատարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դրամահատարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="टकसाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टकसाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovnica_novca" title="Kovnica novca – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kovnica novca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percetakan_uang_logam" title="Percetakan uang logam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Percetakan uang logam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_de_moneta" title="Casa de moneta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Casa de moneta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myntsl%C3%A1tta" title="Myntslátta – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Myntslátta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zecca_(moneta)" title="Zecca (moneta) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zecca (moneta)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%94" title="מטבעה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מטבעה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಟಂಕಸಾಲೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಂಕಸಾಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ზარაფხანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზარაფხანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalykla" title="Kalykla – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalykla" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9nzver%C3%A9s" title="Pénzverés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pénzverés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="കമ്മട്ടം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്മട്ടം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3" title="टांकसाळ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="टांकसाळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilang_wang" title="Kilang wang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kilang wang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munthuis" title="Munthuis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Munthuis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E5%B9%A3%E5%B1%80" title="造幣局 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="造幣局" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarbxona" title="Zarbxona – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zarbxona" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2" title="ਟਕਸਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਕਸਾਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84" title="ٹکسال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ٹکسال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennica" title="Mennica – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mennica" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_da_moeda" title="Casa da moeda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Casa da moeda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monet%C4%83rie" title="Monetărie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monetărie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Монетный двор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монетный двор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint_(money)" title="Mint (money) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mint (money)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mincov%C5%88a" title="Mincovňa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mincovňa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Ковница новца – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ковница новца" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kovnica_novca" title="Kovnica novca – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kovnica novca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myntort" title="Myntort – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Myntort" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Numismatics" title="Category:Numismatics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Numismatics" title="Numismatics">Numismatics</a><br /><span style="font-size: 85%;">the study of currency</span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/120px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg/250px-AIGA_Currency_Exchange_-_Euro.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="416" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_numismatics" title="Glossary of numismatics">Glossary</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeit_money" title="Counterfeit money">Forgery</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_currencies" title="List of currencies">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">ISO</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_circulating_currencies" title="List of circulating currencies">Circulating currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Africa" title="Category:Currencies of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Asia" title="Category:Currencies of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Europe" title="Category:Currencies of Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_North_America" title="Category:Currencies of North America">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_South_America" title="Category:Currencies of South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currencies_of_Oceania" title="Category:Currencies of Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Company_scrip" title="Company scrip">Company scrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_exchange_trading_system" title="Local exchange trading system">LETS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-based_currency" title="Time-based currency">Time dollars</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fictional_currency" title="Fictional currency">Fictional currencies</a></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_currencies" title="List of proposed currencies">Proposed currencies</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_money" title="History of money">History of money</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_currencies" title="List of historical currencies">Historical currencies</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aksumite_currency" title="Aksumite currency">Aksumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid currency">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_coinage" title="Byzantine coinage">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Philippine_money" title="History of Philippine money">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_coinage" title="Ancient Greek coinage">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_coins_in_Italy" title="History of coins in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_currency" title="Japanese currency">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_currency" title="Roman currency">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thai_money" title="History of Thai money">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_money_of_Tibet" title="Historical money of Tibet">Tibetan</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_currencies" title="Category:Medieval currencies">Medieval currencies</a></dt></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Production</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Currency_designers" title="Category:Currency designers">Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coining_(mint)" title="Coining (mint)">Coining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milled_coinage" title="Milled coinage">Milling</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hammered_coinage" title="Hammered coinage">Hammering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_coinage" title="Cast coinage">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_metals" title="Coinage metals">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint-made_errors" title="Mint-made errors">Errors</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Collection</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Coin_collecting" title="Coin collecting">Coin collecting</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_coin" title="Commemorative coin">Commemorative coins</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">Bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin_grading" title="Coin grading">Grading</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Notaphily" title="Notaphily">Notaphily</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemorative_banknote" title="Commemorative banknote">Commemorative banknotes</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Exonumia" title="Exonumia">Exonumia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeton" title="Jeton">Jetons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medal" title="Medal">Medals</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Token_coin" title="Token coin">Tokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrip" title="Scrip">Scrips</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Scripophily" title="Scripophily">Scripophily</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stock" title="Stock">Stocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">Bonds</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/20px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png/40px-United_States_penny%2C_obverse%2C_2002.png 1.5x" data-file-width="903" data-file-height="901" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Numismatics" title="Portal:Numismatics">Numismatics portal</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/17px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/26px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/34px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="465" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Money" title="Portal:Money">Money portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Numismatics" title="Template:Numismatics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Numismatics" title="Template talk:Numismatics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Numismatics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Numismatics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Mint,_Philadelphia,_Aug_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/United_States_Mint%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/250px-United_States_Mint%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Aug_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/United_States_Mint%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/500px-United_States_Mint%2C_Philadelphia%2C_Aug_2019.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="14258" data-file-height="5568" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">United States Mint, Philadelphia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>mint</b> is an industrial facility which <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufactures</a> <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coins</a> that can be used as <a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">currency</a>. </p><p>The history of mints correlates closely with the <a href="/wiki/History_of_coins" title="History of coins">history of coins</a>. In the beginning, <a href="/wiki/Hammered_coinage" title="Hammered coinage">hammered coinage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cast_coinage" title="Cast coinage">cast coinage</a> were the chief means of coin minting, with resulting production runs numbering as little as the hundreds or thousands. In modern mints, <a href="/wiki/Coin_die" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin die">coin dies</a> are manufactured in large numbers and <a href="/wiki/Planchet" title="Planchet">planchets</a> are made into <a href="/wiki/Milled_coinage" title="Milled coinage">milled coins</a> by the billions. </p><p>With the mass production of currency, the production cost is weighed when minting coins. For example, it costs the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a> much less than 25 cents to make a <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">quarter</a> (a 25 cent coin), and the difference in production cost and face value (called <a href="/wiki/Seigniorage" title="Seigniorage">seigniorage</a>) helps fund the minting body. Conversely, a <a href="/wiki/U.S._penny" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. penny">U.S. penny</a> ($0.01) cost $0.015 to make in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-CBS-20170306_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBS-20170306-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_first_minted_coins">The first minted coins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The first minted coins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first mint was likely established in <a href="/wiki/Lydia" title="Lydia">Lydia</a> in the 7th century BC, for coining gold, silver and <a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">electrum</a>. The first coins known to be minted on European soil come from the island of <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a>. A electron stater bearing the image of a turtle dates back to 7th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mint existed at the ancient city of <a href="/wiki/Kydonia" title="Kydonia">Cydonia</a> on Crete at least as early as the fifth century <a href="/wiki/Before_the_Common_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Before the Common Era">BCE</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg/220px-Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg/330px-Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg/440px-Mold_for_making_banliang_coins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Bronze mold for minting <i><a href="/wiki/Banliang" title="Banliang">banliang</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Chinese_coinage" title="Ancient Chinese coinage">coins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warring_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Warring States">Warring States</a> period (475–221 BC), <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qin" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qin">State of Qin</a>, from an excavation in <a href="/wiki/Qishan_County" title="Qishan County">Qishan County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaanxi province">Shaanxi province</a>, China</figcaption></figure> <p>At about the same time, coins and mints appeared independently in China and spread to Korea and Japan. The manufacture of coins in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a>, dating from about the 4th century BCE, significantly influenced the later development of coin minting in Europe. </p><p>The origin of the word "mint" is ascribed to the manufacture of silver coin at the temple of Juno <a href="/wiki/Moneta" title="Moneta">Moneta</a> in 269 BCE Rome. This goddess became the personification of money, and her name was applied both to money and to its place of manufacture. Roman mints were spread widely across the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Empire</a>, and were sometimes used for <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> purposes. The populace often learned of a new <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperor</a> when coins appeared with the new Emperor's <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portrait</a>. Some of the emperors who ruled only for a short time made sure that a coin bore their image; <a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a>, for example, ruled only part of the Roman Empire from 260 to 261 AD, and yet he issued two coins bearing his image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_minting_technology">Early minting technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early minting technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hammered_coinage" title="Hammered coinage">Hammered coinage</a></div><p> Ancient coins were made by casting in <a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">moulds</a> or by striking between engraved <a href="/wiki/Coin_die" class="mw-redirect" title="Coin die">dies</a>. The Romans cast their larger copper coins in clay moulds carrying distinctive markings, not because they knew nothing of striking, but because it was not suitable for such large masses of metal. Casting is now used only by counterfeiters. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horse_head,_rough_incuse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg/220px-Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg/330px-Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg/440px-Horse_head%2C_rough_incuse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ionia" title="Ionia">Ionia</a>, uncertain city (possibly <a href="/wiki/Cyme_(Aeolis)" title="Cyme (Aeolis)">Kyme, Aeolis</a>) 600–550 BCE, Hemiobol. Horse head, rough incuse</figcaption></figure><p> The most ancient coins were cast in bulletshaped or conical moulds and marked on one side by means of a die which was struck with a hammer. The "blank" or unmarked piece of metal was placed on a small <a href="/wiki/Anvil" title="Anvil">anvil</a>, and the die was held in position with <a href="/wiki/Tongs" title="Tongs">tongs</a>. The reverse or lower side of the coin received a "rough incuse" by the hammer. Later a rectangular mark, a "square incuse", was made by the sharp edges of the little anvil, or <a href="/wiki/Punch_(tool)" title="Punch (tool)">punch</a>. The rich iconography of the obverse of the early electrum coins contrasts with the dull appearance of their reverse which usually carries only punch marks. The shape and number of these punches varied according to their denomination and weight-standard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the anvil was marked in various ways, and decorated with letters and figures of beasts, and later still the anvil was replaced by a reverse die. The spherical blanks soon gave place to <a href="/wiki/Lens_(geometry)" title="Lens (geometry)">lenticular-shaped</a> ones. The blank was made red-hot and struck between cold dies. One blow was usually insufficient, and the method was similar to that still used in striking medals in high relief, except that the blank is now allowed to cool before being struck. With the substitution of iron for bronze as the material for dies, about 300 AD, the practice of striking the blanks while they were hot was gradually discarded. </p><p>In the Middle Ages bars of metal were cast and hammered out on an anvil. Portions of the flattened sheets were then cut out with <a href="/wiki/Blade_shears" class="mw-redirect" title="Blade shears">shears</a>, struck between dies and again trimmed with shears. A similar method had been used in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a> (c. 300 BC), but had been forgotten. Square pieces of metal were also cut from cast bars, converted into round disks by hammering and then struck between dies. In striking, the lower die was fixed into a block of wood, and the blank piece of metal laid upon it by hand. The upper die was then placed on the blank, and kept in position by means of a holder around which was placed a roll of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> to protect the hand of the operator while heavy blows were struck with a hammer. An early improvement was the introduction of a tool resembling a pair of tongs, the two dies being placed one at the extremity of each leg. This avoided the necessity of readjusting the dies between blows, and ensured greater accuracy in the impression.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochran_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochran-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_mint_furnace.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A furnace for producing molten metal for coin production."><img alt="A furnace for producing molten metal for coin production." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/A_mint_furnace.jpg/120px-A_mint_furnace.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/A_mint_furnace.jpg/250px-A_mint_furnace.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A furnace for producing molten metal for coin production.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trussel_and_minting.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A trussell for use with a pile in producing hammered coins as shown by the moneyer at work."><img alt="A trussell for use with a pile in producing hammered coins as shown by the moneyer at work." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Trussel_and_minting.jpg/120px-Trussel_and_minting.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Trussel_and_minting.jpg/250px-Trussel_and_minting.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A trussell for use with a pile in producing hammered coins as shown by the moneyer at work.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Milling_of_coins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A mill for the production of 'milled' coins with both coin dies illustrated."><img alt="A mill for the production of 'milled' coins with both coin dies illustrated." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Milling_of_coins.jpg/120px-Milling_of_coins.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Milling_of_coins.jpg/250px-Milling_of_coins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="3088" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mill for the production of 'milled' coins with both coin dies illustrated.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_edge_enscription_mill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A mill for inscribing or milling the edges of coin flans or planchets."><img alt="A mill for inscribing or milling the edges of coin flans or planchets." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coin_edge_enscription_mill.jpg/120px-Coin_edge_enscription_mill.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coin_edge_enscription_mill.jpg/250px-Coin_edge_enscription_mill.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1872" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mill for inscribing or milling the edges of coin flans or planchets.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carisia1a2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roman Denarius issued by T. Carisius (46BCE) showing the moneyer's die, anvil, hammer and tongs"><img alt="Roman Denarius issued by T. Carisius (46BCE) showing the moneyer's die, anvil, hammer and tongs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Carisia1a2.jpg/120px-Carisia1a2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Carisia1a2.jpg/250px-Carisia1a2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="402" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roman Denarius issued by T. Carisius (46BCE) showing the moneyer's die, anvil, hammer and tongs</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_screw_press">The screw press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The screw press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Milled_coinage" title="Milled coinage">Milled coinage</a></div> <p>Minting by means of a falling weight (monkey <a href="/wiki/Machine_press" title="Machine press">press</a>) intervened between the hand hammers and the screw press in many places. In <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in particular this system became highly developed and was long in use. In 1553, the French engineer <a href="/wiki/Aubin_Olivier" title="Aubin Olivier">Aubin Olivier</a> introduced screw presses for striking coins, together with rolls for reducing the cast bars and machines for punching-out round disks from flattened sheets of metal.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 8 to 12 men took over from each other every quarter of an hour to maneuver the arms driving the screw which struck the medals. Later, the rolls were driven by horses, mules or water-power. </p><p>Henry II came up against hostility on the part of the coin makers, so the process was largely discarded in 1585 and only used for coins of small value, medals and tokens. The system was reintroduced into France by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Varin" title="Jean Varin">Jean Varin</a> in 1640 and the practice of hammering was forbidden in 1645.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England the new machinery was tried in London in 1561, but abandoned soon afterwards; it was finally adopted in 1662, although the old pieces continued in circulation until 1696. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_minting">Industrial minting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Industrial minting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg/250px-Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg/330px-Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg/340px-Anglesey_1790_Rev_400_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="399" /></a><figcaption>Boulton 1790 Anglesey halfpenny; the first coin struck by steam power in a collar to assure roundness</figcaption></figure> <p>Industrial techniques and steam-power were introduced to coin manufacture by industrialist <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Boulton" title="Matthew Boulton">Matthew Boulton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in 1788. By 1786, two-thirds of the coins in circulation in Britain were counterfeit, and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> responded to this crisis by shutting itself down, worsening the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-wcn_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobel1999575_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELobel1999575-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulton, business partner of the engineer <a href="/wiki/James_Watt" title="James Watt">James Watt</a> in the firm of <a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Watt" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulton & Watt">Boulton & Watt</a> for the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engines</a>, turned his attention to <a href="/wiki/Coining_(metalworking)" title="Coining (metalworking)">coinage</a> in the mid-1780s as an extension to the small metal products he already manufactured in his factory in <a href="/wiki/Soho_Manufactory" title="Soho Manufactory">Soho</a>. In 1788 he established a <a href="/wiki/Soho_Mint" title="Soho Mint">Mint</a> as part of his industrial plant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobel1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELobel1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He invented a steam driven screw press in the same year (his original machinery was being used at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> until 1881, almost a century later), which worked by <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> applied to a <a href="/wiki/Piston" title="Piston">piston</a>. The piston was in communication with a vacuum vessel from which the air had been pumped by <a href="/wiki/Steam_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam power">steam power</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Coiningpress1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Coiningpress1.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="375" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="187" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century coining press</figcaption></figure> <p>He installed eight of these state-of-the-art steam-driven presses in his factory, each with the capacity to strike between 70 and 84 coins per minute. The firm had little immediate success getting a license to strike British coins, but was soon engaged in striking coins for the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Company" title="Sierra Leone Company">Sierra Leone</a> and Russia, while producing high-quality <a href="/wiki/Planchet" title="Planchet">planchets</a>, or blank coins, to be struck by national mints elsewhere. The firm sent over 20 million blanks to Philadelphia, to be struck into <a href="/wiki/Large_cent_(United_States_coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Large cent (United States coin)">cents</a> and <a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)">half-cents</a> by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESymons200994_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESymons200994-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—Mint Director <a href="/wiki/Elias_Boudinot" title="Elias Boudinot">Elias Boudinot</a> found them to be "perfect and beautifully polished".<sup id="cite_ref-wcn_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These were the first truly modern coins; the <a href="/wiki/Mass-production" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass-production">mass-production</a> of coinage with steam driven machinery organised in <a href="/wiki/Factory_system" title="Factory system">factories</a> enabled the achievement of <a href="/wiki/Standardization" title="Standardization">standardized dimensions</a> and uniform weight and roundness, something no <a href="/wiki/Counterfeit" title="Counterfeit">counterfeiter</a> of the day could hope to achieve.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulton also pioneered special methods to further frustrate counterfeiters. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Heinrich_K%C3%BCchler" title="Conrad Heinrich Küchler">Heinrich Küchler</a>, the coins featured a raised rim with incuse or sunken letters and numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-wcn_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high-technology of Soho Mint gained increasing and somewhat unwelcome attention: rivals attempted <a href="/wiki/Industrial_espionage" title="Industrial espionage">industrial espionage</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> with the Government for Boulton's mint to be shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-wcn_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boulton was finally awarded a contract by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> on 3 March 1797, after a national financial crisis reached its nadir when the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> suspended convertibility of its notes for gold. The twopenny coins measured exactly an inch and a half across; 16 pennies lined up would reach two feet.<sup id="cite_ref-wcn_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1831_coining_press_(M.A.N._1873-22-19)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg/200px-1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg/300px-1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg/400px-1831_coining_press_%28M.A.N._1873-22-19%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2083" data-file-height="2055" /></a><figcaption>French-made coining press from 1831 (<a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum of Spain">M.A.N.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1817 and 1830 the <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> engineer <a href="/wiki/Diedrich_Uhlhorn" title="Diedrich Uhlhorn">Dietrich "Diedrich" Uhlhorn</a> invented the Presse Monétaire, a level coin press which became known as the Uhlhorn Press. His steam driven knuckle-lever press made him internationally famous, and over 500 units had been sold by 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The advanced construction of the Uhlhorn press proved to be highly satisfactory, and the use of the screw press for general coinage was gradually eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This new technology was used at the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Mint" title="Birmingham Mint">Birmingham Mint</a>, the largest private mint in the world for much of the 19th century, and was further improved at the Taylor and Challen who began to supply complete press room equipment to national mints around the world, such as <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mint" title="Sydney Mint">Sydney Mint</a>, Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 20th century, mints were using electrical power to drive rolls, the advantage being that each pair of rolls could be driven independently without the intervention of cumbrous shafting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_mints">Notable mints</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notable mints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg/330px-San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="269" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg/500px-San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg/960px-San_Francisco_Mint_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3686" data-file-height="1810" /></a><figcaption>The current building of the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Mint" title="San Francisco Mint">San Francisco Mint</a>, built in 1937.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Mint" title="Austrian Mint">Austrian Mint</a> –  established in 1397 and produces the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Philharmonic_(coin)" title="Vienna Philharmonic (coin)">Vienna Philharmonic</a> gold bullion.</li> <li>Barcelona Mint (Seca de <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>). Although very much older, in 1067 there were coined gold “mancusos”.<sup id="cite_ref-Bensch2002_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bensch2002-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allen2016_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen2016-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Mint" title="Birmingham Mint">Birmingham Mint</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hull_(merchant)#Boston_mint" title="John Hull (merchant)">Boston mint</a> (<a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundesdruckerei" title="Bundesdruckerei">Bundesdruckerei</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_Moeda_do_Brasil" title="Casa da Moeda do Brasil">Casa da Moeda do Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_da_Moeda_de_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Casa da Moeda de Portugal">Casa da Moeda de Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mint" title="Central Mint">Central Mint</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency_Centre" title="Currency Centre">Currency Centre</a>, Ireland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahlonega_Mint" title="Dahlonega Mint">Dahlonega Mint</a> (United States of America)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1brica_Nacional_de_Moneda_y_Timbre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre">Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre</a>, Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_of_Finland" title="Mint of Finland">Finland Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Mint">Franklin Mint</a> (United States of America)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">India Government Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Poligrafico_e_Zecca_dello_Stato" title="Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato">Printer Institute and State Mint</a>, Italy, the first mint to produce <a href="/wiki/Bi-metallic_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-metallic coins">bi-metallic coins</a> in recent times</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Mint" title="Japan Mint">Japan Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joachimsthal_Royal_Mint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joachimsthal Royal Mint (page does not exist)">Joachimsthal Royal Mint</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (May 2018)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup> Czech Republic, (Jáchymovská královská mincovna in <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kremnica_mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Kremnica mint">Kremnica mint</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovak Republic">Slovak Republic</a>, (Mincovňa Kremnica in <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Mint" title="Mexican Mint">Casa de Moneda de México</a>, established in 1535, is the oldest mint in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Moneda_Palace" title="La Moneda Palace">La Moneda Palace</a> (Chile)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnaie_de_Navarre" class="mw-redirect" title="Monnaie de Navarre">Monnaie de Navarre</a> (Kingdom of Navarre), established in 1351</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monnaie_de_Paris" title="Monnaie de Paris">Monnaie de Paris</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perth_Mint" title="Perth Mint">Perth Mint</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Mint" title="Royal Australian Mint">Royal Australian Mint</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mint" title="Royal Canadian Mint">Royal Canadian Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Mint" title="Royal Dutch Mint">Royal Dutch Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_Mint" title="Singapore Mint">Singapore Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Mint" title="Saint Petersburg Mint">Saint Petersburg Mint</a> (Russia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Mint" title="South African Mint">South African Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soho_Mint" title="Soho Mint">Soho Mint</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissmint" title="Swissmint">Swissmint</a>, Switzerland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mint" title="Sydney Mint">Sydney Mint</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zecca_of_Venice" title="Zecca of Venice">Venice Mint</a>, (<a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_the_Republic_of_Venice" title="Coinage of the Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a>), established in 1536</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Branch_mint" title="Branch mint">Branch mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullion_coin" title="Bullion coin">Bullion coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_inventors_and_discoverers" class="mw-redirect" title="German inventors and discoverers">German inventors and discoverers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mints" title="List of mints">List of mints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Mint" title="Master of the Mint">Master of the Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint-made_errors" title="Mint-made errors">Mint-made errors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnzmeister" title="Münzmeister">Münzmeister</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CBS-20170306-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBS-20170306_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIvanova2017" class="citation web cs1">Ivanova, Irina (6 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/it-cost-1-5-cents-to-make-a-penny-last-year/">"It cost 1.5 cents to make a penny last year"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608071506/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/it-cost-1-5-cents-to-make-a-penny-last-year/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=It+cost+1.5+cents+to+make+a+penny+last+year&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft.aulast=Ivanova&rft.aufirst=Irina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fit-cost-1-5-cents-to-make-a-penny-last-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Museum Catalogue 11 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0ByKcmdYWS2bZWVpFLWRtVXd0Ulk/edit?pli=1">Attica Megaris Aegina</a>, 700 – 550 BC, plate <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snible.org/coins/bmc/attica/XXIII.jpg">XXIII</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMILBANK1924" class="citation journal cs1">MILBANK, S.R. (1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43607026">"The coinage of Aegina"</a>. <i>Numismatic Notes and Monographs</i>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Numismatic+Notes+and+Monographs&rft.atitle=The+coinage+of+Aegina&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=MILBANK&rft.aufirst=S.R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43607026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">UKBullion, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukbullion.com/blog/cydonia-the-ancient-city-of-crete"><i>Cydonia – The Ancient City of Crete</i>, UKBullion Blog, 23 March 2016</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160413092525/https://www.ukbullion.com/blog/cydonia-the-ancient-city-of-crete/">Archived</a> 13 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/in-press/KONUK_Asia_Minor.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180411190632/http://www.achemenet.com/pdf/in-press/KONUK_Asia_Minor.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-04-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.achemenet.com%2Fpdf%2Fin-press%2FKONUK_Asia_Minor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cochran-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochran_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cochran-Patrick, R. W. (1876), <i>Records of the Coinage of Scotland.</i> Pub. Edmonston and Douglas, Edinburgh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sargent, T. J., & Velde, F. R. (2002). <i>The big problem of small change</i>. Princeton University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511193902/http://www.monnaiedeparis.com/jeunes/frappee.htm">"Monnaie de Paris"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monnaiedeparis.com/jeunes/frappee.htm">the original</a> on 2008-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monnaie+de+Paris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monnaiedeparis.com%2Fjeunes%2Ffrappee.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wcn-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wcn_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wcn_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wcn_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wcn_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wcn_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodgers2009" class="citation cs2">Rodgers, Kerry (May 2009), "Boulton father of mechanized press", <i>World Coin News</i>, pp. 1, <span class="nowrap">56–</span>58</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Coin+News&rft.atitle=Boulton+father+of+mechanized+press&rft.pages=1%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=2009-05&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Kerry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELobel1999575-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobel1999575_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLobel1999">Lobel 1999</a>, p. 575.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELobel1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELobel1999_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLobel1999">Lobel 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESymons200994-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESymons200994_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSymons2009">Symons 2009</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sohomint.info/angle90.html">"ASPECTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STRIKING OF ANGLESEY HALFPENCE IN 1790"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140111013541/http://www.sohomint.info/angle90.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASPECTS+OF+THE+EXPERIMENTAL+STRIKING+OF+ANGLESEY+HALFPENCE+IN+1790&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohomint.info%2Fangle90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kmoddl.library.cornell.edu/biographies/Uhlhorn/index.php">"KMODDL – Engineering Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630002021/http://kmoddl.library.cornell.edu/biographies/Uhlhorn/index.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KMODDL+%E2%80%93+Engineering+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkmoddl.library.cornell.edu%2Fbiographies%2FUhlhorn%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span> Kinematic models for design, digital library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630033808/http://www.rcna.ca/mintdies.php">"RCNA | the CN Journal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rcna.ca/mintdies.php">the original</a> on 2009-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RCNA+%26%23124%3B+the+CN+Journal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcna.ca%2Fmintdies.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span> The Royal Canadian Numismatic Association</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coinsblog.ws/2012/02/how-coins-are-minted-1920s.html#sthash.7hUmXUlF.dpbs">"How Coins Are Minted: 1920s"</a>. 25 February 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002003226/http://coinsblog.ws/2012/02/how-coins-are-minted-1920s.html#sthash.7hUmXUlF.dpbs">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Coins+Are+Minted%3A+1920s&rft.date=2012-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcoinsblog.ws%2F2012%2F02%2Fhow-coins-are-minted-1920s.html%23sthash.7hUmXUlF.dpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bensch2002-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bensch2002_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_P._Bensch2002" class="citation book cs1">Stephen P. Bensch (4 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qkkxgTkzDfgC&pg=PA102"><i>Barcelona and Its Rulers, 1096-1291</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 102–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52589-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52589-3"><bdi>978-0-521-52589-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806001402/https://books.google.com/books?id=qkkxgTkzDfgC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barcelona+and+Its+Rulers%2C+1096-1291&rft.pages=102-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002-07-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52589-3&rft.au=Stephen+P.+Bensch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqkkxgTkzDfgC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen2016-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allen2016_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Allen2016" class="citation book cs1">Martin Allen (5 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0GoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT341"><i>Early Medieval Monetary History: Studies in Memory of Mark Blackburn</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 341–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-94252-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-94252-2"><bdi>978-1-351-94252-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806000437/https://books.google.com/books?id=R0GoDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT341">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Monetary+History%3A+Studies+in+Memory+of+Mark+Blackburn&rft.pages=341-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016-12-05&rft.isbn=978-1-351-94252-2&rft.au=Martin+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0GoDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov" class="extiw" title="de:Jáchymov">de:Jáchymov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvmuz.cz/objekty/Jachym.htm">"RS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050306221023/http://www.kvmuz.cz/objekty/Jachym.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2005-03-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2004-12-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvmuz.cz%2Fobjekty%2FJachym.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span>—historical, established in 1516 and <a href="/wiki/Thaler" title="Thaler">thalers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tolar" title="Tolar">tolars</a> in Czech, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>) were minted there. The <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">dollar</a> received its name after them (<i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1chymov" title="Jáchymov">Joachimsthal</a> Groschen</i> led to <i>Joachimsthal</i>, which was further shortened to "thaler" (German), which was transliterated to "daler" (Dutch), which was rendered in English as "dollar")</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mint.sk/onas_historia.php?lang=en">"History –  Mincovňa Kremnica"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081202061520/http://www.mint.sk/onas_historia.php?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-12-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3B+Mincov%C5%88a+Kremnica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.sk%2Fonas_historia.php%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joint Standing Committee on Public Works, <i>Proposed Refurbishment of the Royal Australian Mint Building, Canberra</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060113091253/http://www.aph.gov.au/House/committee/pwc/mint/report.htm">"Joint Standing Committee on Public Works: Refurbishment of Royal Australian Mint Building, Canberra: Report"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/pwc/mint/report.htm">the original</a> on 2006-01-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joint+Standing+Committee+on+Public+Works%3A+Refurbishment+of+Royal+Australian+Mint+Building%2C+Canberra%3A+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2Fhouse%2Fcommittee%2Fpwc%2Fmint%2Freport.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLobel1999" class="citation cs2">Lobel, Richard (1999), <i>Coincraft's 2000 Standard Catalogue of English and UK Coins, 1066 to Date</i>, Standard Catalogue Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9526228-8-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9526228-8-8"><bdi>978-0-9526228-8-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coincraft%27s+2000+Standard+Catalogue+of+English+and+UK+Coins%2C+1066+to+Date&rft.pub=Standard+Catalogue+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-9526228-8-8&rft.aulast=Lobel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSymons2009" class="citation cs2">Symons, David (2009), "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bringing to Perfection the Art of Coining': What did they make at the Soho Mint?", in Mason, Shena (ed.), <i>Matthew Boulton: Selling What All the World Desires</i>, New Haven, Ct.: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, pp. <span class="nowrap">89–</span>98, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14358-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14358-4"><bdi>978-0-300-14358-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27Bringing+to+Perfection+the+Art+of+Coining%27%3A+What+did+they+make+at+the+Soho+Mint%3F&rft.btitle=Matthew+Boulton%3A+Selling+What+All+the+World+Desires&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Ct.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E89-%3C%2Fspan%3E98&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14358-4&rft.aulast=Symons&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMint+%28facility%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mint_(facility)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mint_buildings" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mint buildings">Mint buildings</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalmint.com/">Website of The Royal Mint, British mint</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://monnaiedeparis.fr/">Website of the Monnaie de Paris, French mint</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildwinds.com/coins/ric/quietus/i.html">Coins of Quietus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Morris.intro.html">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071007150505/http://www.archaeologystudent.com/coinarch/">Ancient Minting Process</a> (archived 7 October 2007)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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