Managing infrastructure as code with Terraform, Cloud Build, and GitOps

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class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Migrate for Anthos" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#migrateforanthos" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Migrate for Anthos </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Tool to move workloads and existing applications to GKE. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/operations" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Operations" 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src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudbuild" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Build </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Service for executing builds on Google Cloud infrastructure. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/traffic-director" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Traffic Director" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/traffic-director" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#trafficdirector" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Traffic Director </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Traffic control pane and management for open service mesh. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apigee" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Apigee API Management" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/apigee" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#apigeeapiplatform" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Apigee API Management </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> API management, development, and security platform. </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section cloud-dropdown-menu-heading"> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Internet of Things</li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/iot-core" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud IoT Core" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/iot-core" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudiotcore" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud IoT Core </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> IoT device management, integration, and connection service. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/edge-tpu" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Edge TPU" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/edge-tpu" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudiotedge" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Edge TPU </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> ASIC designed to run ML inference and AI at the edge. </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section cloud-dropdown-menu-heading devsite-nav-title-heading"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/management" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Management Tools" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/products/management" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/_static/cloud/images/navigation/forward.svg" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Management Tools </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/shell" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud Shell" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/shell" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudshell" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Shell </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Interactive shell environment with a built-in command line. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/cloud-console" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud Console" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/cloud-console" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#generic" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Console </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Web-based interface for managing and monitoring cloud apps. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/deployment-manager" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud Deployment Manager" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/deployment-manager" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#clouddeploymentmanager" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Deployment Manager </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Service for creating and managing Google Cloud resources. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/console-app" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud Mobile App" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/console-app" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#generic" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Mobile App </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> App to manage Google Cloud services from your mobile device. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apis" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud APIs" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/apis" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudapis" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud APIs </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Programmatic interfaces for Google Cloud services. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/private-catalog" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Private Catalog" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/private-catalog" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#marketplace" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Private Catalog </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Service catalog for admins managing internal enterprise solutions. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/cost-management" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cost Management" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/cost-management" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing.png" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_36.png 36w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_48.png 48w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_72.png 72w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_96.png 96w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_480.png 480w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_720.png 720w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_856.png 856w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_960.png 960w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_1440.png 1440w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_1920.png 1920w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/billing_2880.png 2880w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cost Management </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Tools for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing your costs. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/active-assist" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Intelligent Management" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/solutions/active-assist" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#generic" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Intelligent Management </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Tools for easily managing performance, security, and cost. </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section cloud-dropdown-menu-heading"> <li class="devsite-nav-title" role="heading" tooltip>Media and Gaming</li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/game-servers" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Game Servers" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/game-servers" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#cloudgameservers" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Game Servers </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Game server management service running on Google Kubernetes Engine. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/opencue" track-type="navMenu" track-name="OpenCue" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/opencue" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue.png" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_36.png 36w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_48.png 48w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_72.png 72w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_96.png 96w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_480.png 480w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_720.png 720w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_856.png 856w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_960.png 960w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_1440.png 1440w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_1920.png 1920w, /web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/images/navigation/products/opencue_2880.png 2880w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> OpenCue </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Open source render manager for visual effects and animation. </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-column "> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section cloud-dropdown-menu-heading devsite-nav-title-heading"> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/cloud-migration" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Migration" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/products/cloud-migration" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/_static/cloud/images/navigation/forward.svg" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Migration </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/application-migration" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Application Migration" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/solutions/application-migration" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/application-migration.svg" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Application Migration </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> App migration to the cloud for low-cost refresh cycles. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/transfer" track-type="navMenu" track-name="BigQuery Data Transfer Service" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/transfer" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#bigquery" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> BigQuery Data Transfer Service </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Data import service for scheduling and moving data into BigQuery. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/foundation-toolkit" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Cloud Foundation Toolkit" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/foundation-toolkit" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#generic" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Cloud Foundation Toolkit </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Reference templates for Deployment Manager and Terraform. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/database-migration" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Database Migration Service" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/database-migration" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/database-migration.svg" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Database Migration Service </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Serverless, minimal downtime migrations to Cloud SQL. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Migrate for Anthos" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#migrateforanthos" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Migrate for Anthos </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Components for migrating VMs into system containers on GKE. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/migrate/compute-engine" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Migrate for Compute Engine" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/migrate/compute-engine" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#migrateforcomputeengine" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Migrate for Compute Engine </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Components for migrating VMs and physical servers to Compute Engine. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/cloud-migration-program" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Rapid Assessment & Migration Program (RAMP)" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/solutions/cloud-migration-program" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/rapid-assessment.svg" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Rapid Assessment & Migration Program (RAMP) </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> End-to-end migration program to simplify your path to the cloud. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/transfer-appliance" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Transfer Appliance" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/transfer-appliance" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#transferappliance" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Transfer Appliance </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Storage server for moving large volumes of data to Google Cloud. </div> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-tabs-dropdown-section "> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/storage-transfer-service" track-type="navMenu" track-name="Storage Transfer Service" track-metadata-position="nav" track-metadata-href="https://cloud.google.com/storage-transfer-service" tooltip> <div class="devsite-nav-item-icon-container" size="medium"> <img class="devsite-nav-item-icon" alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430im_/https://www.gstatic.com/cloud/images/navigation/icons.svg#transfer" srcset="" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"> </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-title"> Storage Transfer Service </div> <div class="devsite-nav-item-description"> Data transfers from online and on-premises sources to Cloud Storage. </div> </a> 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products (100+)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="seeAllProducts(100+)"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> See all products (100+) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI and Machine Learning" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="aiAndMachineLearning"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> AI and Machine Learning </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Vertex AI" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" 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href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/text-to-speech" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Text-to-Speech" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="textToSpeech"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Text-to-Speech </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/translate" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Translation" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudTranslation"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Translation </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/natural-language" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Natural Language" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudNaturalLanguage"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Natural Language </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/automl" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AutoML" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="automl"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> AutoML </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/video-intelligence" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Video AI" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="videoAi"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Video AI </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/ai-infrastructure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AI Infrastructure" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="aiInfrastructure"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> AI Infrastructure </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/dialogflow" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dialogflow" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dialogflow"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Dialogflow </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/automl-tables" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AutoML Tables" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="automlTables"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> AutoML Tables </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products#ai-and-machine-learning" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: See all AI and machine learning products" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="seeAllAiAndMachineLearningProducts"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> See all AI and machine learning products </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> API Management </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apigee/api-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apigee API Management" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="apigeeApiManagement"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Apigee API Management </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/endpoints" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Endpoints" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudEndpoints"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Endpoints </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/healthcare" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Healthcare API" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudHealthcareApi"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Healthcare API </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/appsheet" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: AppSheet" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="appsheet"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> AppSheet </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apigee" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: API Gateway" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="apiGateway"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> API Gateway </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/compute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Compute" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="compute"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Compute </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/compute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Compute Engine" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="computeEngine"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Compute Engine </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/appengine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: App Engine" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="appEngine"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> App Engine </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud GPUs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudGpus"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud GPUs </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/migrate/compute-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Migrate for Compute Engine" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="migrateForComputeEngine"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Migrate for Compute Engine </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/preemptible-vms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Preemptible VMs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="preemptibleVms"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Preemptible VMs </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/shielded-vm" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Shielded VMs" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="shieldedVms"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Shielded VMs </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/sole-tenant-nodes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Sole-Tenant Nodes" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="soleTenantNodes"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Sole-Tenant Nodes </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/bare-metal" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Bare Metal" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="bareMetal"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Bare Metal </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/recommender" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Recommender" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="recommender"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Recommender </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/vmware-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: VMware Engine" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="vmwareEngine"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> VMware Engine </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Run" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudRun"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Run </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products#compute" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: See all compute products" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="seeAllComputeProducts"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> See all compute products </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Containers" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="containers"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Containers </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Kubernetes Engine" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="googleKubernetesEngine"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Google Kubernetes Engine </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/container-registry" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Container Registry" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="containerRegistry"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Container Registry </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/containers/security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Container Security" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="containerSecurity"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Container Security </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Build" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudBuild"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Build </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/ai-platform/deep-learning-containers" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Deep Learning Containers" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="deepLearningContainers"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Deep Learning Containers </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-applications" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Kubernetes Applications" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="kubernetesApplications"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Kubernetes Applications </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Artifact Registry" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="artifactRegistry"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Artifact Registry </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/knative" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Knative" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="knative"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Knative </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Run" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudRun"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Run </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/code" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Code" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudCode"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Code </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/big-data" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data Analytics" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataAnalytics"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Data Analytics </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/bigquery" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: BigQuery" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="bigquery"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> BigQuery </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/looker" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Looker" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="looker"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Looker </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/dataflow" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dataflow" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataflow"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Dataflow </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/pubsub" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Pub/Sub" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="pub/sub"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Pub/Sub </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/dataproc" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dataproc" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataproc"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Dataproc </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/data-fusion" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Data Fusion" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudDataFusion"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Data Fusion </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/composer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Composer" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudComposer"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Composer </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/dataprep" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dataprep" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataprep"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Dataprep </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/dataplex" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Dataplex" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataplex"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Dataplex </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/data-catalog" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Data Catalog" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="dataCatalog"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Data Catalog </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/analytics-hub" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Analytics Hub" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="analyticsHub"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Analytics Hub </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: See all developer tools" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="seeAllDeveloperTools"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> See all developer tools </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a 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Spanner </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/sql" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud SQL" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudSql"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud SQL </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/database-migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Database Migration Service" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="databaseMigrationService"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Database Migration Service </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/bare-metal" 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data-label="Responsive Tab: Datastream" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="datastream"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Datastream </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Developer Tools" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="developerTools"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Developer Tools </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/artifact-registry" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Artifact Registry" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" 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data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Scheduler" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudScheduler"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Scheduler </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/source-repositories" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Source Repositories" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudSourceRepositories"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Source Repositories </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/tasks" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Tasks" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudTasks"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Tasks </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/container-registry" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Container Registry" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="containerRegistry"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Container Registry </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/tekton" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Tekton" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="tekton"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Tekton </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/tools" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: See all developer tools" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="seeAllDeveloperTools"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> See all developer tools </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Healthcare and Life Sciences </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apigee/solutions/healthcare-apix" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apigee Healthcare APIx" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="apigeeHealthcareApix"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Apigee Healthcare APIx </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/healthcare" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Healthcare API" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudHealthcareApi"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Healthcare API </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/life-sciences" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Life Sciences" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudLifeSciences"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Life Sciences </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/natural-language" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Healthcare Natural Language AI" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="healthcareNaturalLanguageAi"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Healthcare Natural Language AI </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/anthos" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hybrid and Multicloud" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="hybridAndMulticloud"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Hybrid and Multicloud </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/anthos" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="anthos"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Anthos </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/looker" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Looker" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="looker"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Looker </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/anthos/run" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Run for Anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudRunForAnthos"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Run for Anthos </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-applications" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Google Cloud Marketplace for Anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="googleCloudMarketplaceForAnthos"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Google Cloud Marketplace for Anthos </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/migrate/anthos" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Migrate for Anthos" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="migrateForAnthos"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Migrate for Anthos </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/operations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Operations" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="operations"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Operations </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Build" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudBuild"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Build </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/traffic-director" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Traffic Director" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="trafficDirector"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Traffic Director </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/apigee" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Apigee API Management" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="apigeeApiManagement"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Apigee API Management </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Internet of Things </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a 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Management Tools" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="managementTools"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Management Tools </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/shell" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Shell" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudShell"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Shell </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/cloud-console" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Console" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudConsole"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Console </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/deployment-manager" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Deployment Manager" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudDeploymentManager"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Deployment Manager </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/console-app" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cloud Mobile App" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="cloudMobileApp"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cloud Mobile App </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a 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data-label="Responsive Tab: Cost Management" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="costManagement"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Cost Management </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/active-assist" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Intelligent Management" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="intelligentManagement"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Intelligent Management </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Media and Gaming </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/game-servers" class="devsite-nav-title 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track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="migration"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Migration </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/application-migration" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Application Migration" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="applicationMigration"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip> Application Migration </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/transfer" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: BigQuery Data Transfer Service" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventdetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav" track-name="bigqueryDataTransferService"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" 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project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v0a30303ec7b067b5f3ae9ccc0662a5464fa8a5fb796392acd97bcfd40590684c/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" feedback-type="thumb-rating"> <button> Need to tell us more? </button> </devsite-feedback> </template> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <devsite-feedback position="header" project-name="Cloud Architecture Center" product-id="410597" bucket="Documentation" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20210615-r01-rc00.435919030849714118" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="header" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v0a30303ec7b067b5f3ae9ccc0662a5464fa8a5fb796392acd97bcfd40590684c/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" feedback-type="thumb-rating"> <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> <h1 class="devsite-page-title">Managing infrastructure as code with Terraform, Cloud Build, and GitOps<devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark></h1> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" devsite-toc-embedded> </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <div class="tutorial tutorial-lesson"> <section id="overview"> <p>This tutorial explains how to manage infrastructure as code with <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/docs/terraform" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Terraform</a> and <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Build</a> using the popular GitOps methodology. The term <em>GitOps</em> was <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.weave.works/blog/gitops-operations-by-pull-request" target="external" track-type="tutorial" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">first coined by Weaveworks</a>, and its key concept is using a Git repository to store the environment state that you want. Terraform is a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.hashicorp.com/" target="external" track-type="tutorial" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">HashiCorp</a> open source tool that enables you to predictably create, change, and improve your cloud infrastructure by using code. In this tutorial, you use <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Build</a>, a Google Cloud continuous integration service, to automatically apply Terraform manifests to your environment.</p> <p>This tutorial is for developers and operators who are looking for an elegant strategy to predictably make changes to infrastructure. The article assumes you are familiar with Google Cloud, Linux, and GitHub.</p> <p>The <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/devops">State of DevOps</a> reports identified capabilities that drive software delivery performance. This tutorial will help you with the following capabilities:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-version-control">Version control</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-continuous-integration">Continuous integration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-continuous-delivery">Continuous delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-test-automation">Continuous testing</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="architecture" data-text="Architecture">Architecture</h2> <p>To demonstrate how this tutorial applies GitOps practices for managing Terraform executions, consider the following architecture diagram. Note that it uses GitHub branches—<code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code>—to represent actual environments. These environments are defined by Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) networks—<code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code>, respectively—into a Google Cloud project.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> For simplicity, this tutorial implements only <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> environments using VPCs. You can extend this behavior to deploy to more environments and to create projects under your <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/resource-manager/docs/cloud-platform-resource-hierarchy" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">organization hierarchy</a> if needed.</span></aside> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-infrastructure.svg" alt="Infrastructure with dev and prod environments."></p> <p>The process starts when you push Terraform code to either the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branch. In this scenario, Cloud Build triggers and then applies Terraform manifests to achieve the state you want in the respective environment. On the other hand, when you push Terraform code to any other branch—for example, to a feature branch—Cloud Build runs to execute <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan,</code> but nothing is applied to any environment.</p> <p>Ideally, either developers or operators must make infrastructure proposals to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-protected-branches" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">non-protected branches</a> and then submit them through <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-pull-requests" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">pull requests</a>. The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/marketplace/google-cloud-build" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">Cloud Build GitHub app</a>, discussed later in this tutorial, automatically triggers the build jobs and links the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> reports to these pull requests. This way, you can discuss and review the potential changes with collaborators and add follow-up commits before changes are merged into the base branch.</p> <p>If no concerns are raised, you must first merge the changes to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> branch. This merge triggers an infrastructure deployment to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> environment, allowing you to test this environment. After you have tested and are confident about what was deployed, you must merge the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> branch into the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branch to trigger the infrastructure installation to the production environment.</p> </section> <section id="objectives"> <h2 id="objectives" data-text="Objectives">Objectives</h2> <ul> <li>Set up your GitHub repository.</li> <li>Configure Terraform to store state in a Cloud Storage bucket.</li> <li>Grant permissions to your Cloud Build service account.</li> <li>Connect Cloud Build to your GitHub repository.</li> <li>Change your environment configuration in a feature branch.</li> <li>Promote changes to the development environment.</li> <li>Promote changes to the production environment.</li> </ul> </section> <section id="costs"> <h2 id="costs" data-text="Costs">Costs</h2> <p> This tutorial uses the following billable components of Google Cloud: </p> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build/pricing" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Build</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Storage</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/compute/pricing" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Compute Engine</a></li> </ul></p> <p> To generate a cost estimate based on your projected usage, use the <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="pricingCalculator">pricing calculator</a>. New Google Cloud users might be eligible for a <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/free-trial" track-type="freeTrial" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="prerequisites" track-metadata-end-goal="signUp" target="_blank">free trial</a>. </p> </section> <section id="prerequisites"> <h2 id="before-you-begin" data-text="Before you begin">Before you begin</h2> <ol> <li> Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="createAnAccount" track-metadata-position="prereqs" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial" track-metadata-link-destination="https://console.cloud.google.com/freetrial"> create an account</a> to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads. </li> <li> <p>In the Google Cloud Console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.</p> <aside class="note"><b>Note</b>: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.</aside> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/projectselector2/home/dashboard" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-end-goal="createProject" class="button button-primary">Go to project selector</a></p> </li> <li> <p> Make sure that billing is enabled for your Cloud project. <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/billing/docs/how-to/modify-project" target="_blank" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="supportLink" track-metadata-end-goal="enableBilling">Learn how to confirm that billing is enabled for your project</a>. </p> </li> <li> <p>In the Cloud Console, activate Cloud Shell.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/?cloudshell=true" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-end-goal="launchCloudShell" class="button button-primary">Activate Cloud Shell</a></p> <p> At the bottom of the Cloud Console, a <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/shell/docs/features">Cloud Shell</a> session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Cloud SDK already installed, including the <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud</code></a> command-line tool, and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize. </p> </li> <li>In Cloud Shell, get the ID of the project you just selected: <pre class="sh" translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud config get-value project</pre> If this command doesn't return the project ID, configure Cloud Shell to use your project. Replace <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></code> with your project ID. <pre class="sh" translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud config set project <var translate="no">PROJECT_ID</var></pre> <li>Enable the required APIs: <pre class="sh" translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com compute.googleapis.com</pre> This step might take a few minutes to finish. <li>If you've never used Git in Cloud Shell, configure it with your name and email address: <pre class="sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"> git config --global user.email "<var translate="no">your-email-address</var>" git config --global user.name "<var translate="no">your-name</var>" </pre> Git uses this information to identify you as the author of the commits that you create in Cloud Shell.</li> </ol></p> <p>When you finish this tutorial, you can avoid continued billing by deleting the resources you created. For more information, see <a href="#clean-up" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cleaning up</a>.</p> </section> <div id="tutorial-content"> <section class="tutorial-content"> <h2 id="setting_up_your_github_repository" data-text="Setting up your GitHub repository">Setting up your GitHub repository</h2> <p>In this tutorial, you use a single Git repository to define your cloud infrastructure. You orchestrate this infrastructure by having different branches corresponding to different environments:</p> <ul> <li>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> branch contains the latest changes that are applied to the development environment.</li> <li>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branch contains the latest changes that are applied to the production environment.</li> </ul> <p>With this infrastructure, you can always reference the repository to know what configuration is expected in each environment and to propose new changes by first merging them into the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> environment. You then promote the changes by merging the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> branch into the subsequent <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branch.</p> <p>To get started, you fork the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops.git" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops</a> repository.</p> <ol> <li>On GitHub, navigate to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops.git" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops.git</a>.</li> <li><p>In the top-right corner of the page, click <strong>Fork</strong>.</p> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-fork-repository.png" alt="Forking a repository." width="50%" class="screenshot"> </p> <p>Now you have a copy of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops</code> repository with source files.</p></li> <li><p>In Cloud Shell, clone this forked repository, replacing <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">your-github-username</var></code> with your GitHub username:</p> <pre class="sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"> cd ~ git clone https://github.com/<var translate="no">your-github-username</var>/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops.git cd ~/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops </pre></li> </ol> <p>The code in this repository is structured as follows:</p> <ul> <li><p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">environments/</code> folder contains subfolders that represent environments, such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code>, which provide logical separation between workloads at different stages of maturity, development and production, respectively. Although it's a good practice to have these environments as similar as possible, each subfolder has its own Terraform configuration to ensure they can have unique settings as necessary.</p></li> <li><p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">modules/</code> folder contains inline Terraform modules. These modules represent logical groupings of related resources and are used to share code across different environments.</p></li> <li><p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">cloudbuild.yaml</code> file is a build configuration file that contains instructions for Cloud Build, such as how to perform tasks based on a set of steps. This file specifies a conditional execution depending on the branch Cloud Build is fetching the code from, for example:</p> <ul> <li><p>For <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branches, the following steps are executed:</p> <ol> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform init</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code></li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform apply</code></li> </ol></li> <li><p>For any other branch, the following steps are executed:</p> <ol> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform init</code> for all <code translate="no" dir="ltr">environments</code> subfolders</li> <li><code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> for all <code translate="no" dir="ltr">environments</code> subfolders</li> </ol></li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>The reason <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform init</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> run for all <code translate="no" dir="ltr">environments</code> subfolders is to make sure that the changes being proposed hold for every single environment. This way, before merging the pull request, you can review the plans to make sure access is not being granted to an unauthorized entity, for example.</p> <h2 id="configuring_terraform_to_store_state_in_a_cloud_storage_bucket" data-text="Configuring Terraform to store state in a Cloud Storage bucket">Configuring Terraform to store state in a Cloud Storage bucket</h2> <p>By default, Terraform stores <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/" target="external" track-type="tutorial" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">state</a> locally in a file named <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform.tfstate</code>. This default configuration can make Terraform usage difficult for teams, especially when many users run Terraform at the same time and each machine has its own understanding of the current infrastructure.</p> <p>To help you avoid such issues, this section configures a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/remote.html" target="external" track-type="tutorial" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">remote state</a> that points to a Cloud Storage bucket. Remote state is a feature of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends" target="external" track-type="tutorial" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">backends</a> and, in this tutorial, is configured in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">backend.tf</code> files—for example:</p> <div class="github-docwidget-include" style="border: 1px solid #4285f4; padding: 4px; background-color: #4285f4;"> <div class="github-docwidget-header" style="float: left; padding-top: 3px; margin-left: 5px;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/environments/dev/backend.tf" target="_blank" style="color: white;"> environments/dev/backend.tf </a> </div> <div style="text-align: right; float: right;"> <a class="button" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/environments/dev/backend.tf" track-type="github" track-name="gitHubViewButton" track-metadata-link-destination="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/environments/dev/backend.tf">View on GitHub</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="prettyprint " track-metadata-position="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/environments/dev/backend.tf/HEAD/" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/environments/dev/backend.tf" data-git-revision="HEAD" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"># Copyright 2019 Google LLC # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. terraform { backend "gcs" { bucket = "PROJECT_ID-tfstate" prefix = "env/dev" } } </code></pre> </div> <p>In the following steps, you create a Cloud Storage bucket and change a few files to point to your new bucket and your Google Cloud project.</p> <ol> <li><p>In Cloud Shell, create the Cloud Storage bucket:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project) gsutil mb gs://${PROJECT_ID}-tfstate </code></pre></li> <li><p>Enable <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/object-versioning" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Object Versioning</a> to keep the history of your deployments:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gsutil versioning set on gs://${PROJECT_ID}-tfstate </code></pre> <p>Enabling Object Versioning increases <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/storage/pricing" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">storage costs</a>, which you can mitigate by configuring <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/lifecycle" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Object Lifecycle Management</a> to delete old state versions.</p></li> <li><p>Replace the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PROJECT_ID</code> placeholder with the project ID in both the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform.tfvars</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">backend.tf</code> files:</p> <pre translate="no" dir="ltr"> cd ~/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops sed -i s/PROJECT_ID/$PROJECT_ID/g environments/*/terraform.tfvars sed -i s/PROJECT_ID/$PROJECT_ID/g environments/*/backend.tf </pre></li> <li><p>Check whether all files were updated:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git status </code></pre> <p>The output looks like this:</p> <pre class="console" translate="no" dir="ltr"> On branch dev Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/dev'. Changes not staged for commit: (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) modified: environments/dev/backend.tf modified: environments/dev/terraform.tfvars modified: environments/prod/backend.tf modified: environments/prod/terraform.tfvars no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") </pre></li> <li><p>Commit and push your changes:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">git add --all git commit -m "Update project IDs and buckets" git push origin dev </code></pre> <p>Depending on your GitHub configuration, you will have to authenticate to push the preceding changes.</p></li> </ol> <h2 id="granting_permissions_to_your_cloud_build_service_account" data-text="Granting permissions to your Cloud Build service account">Granting permissions to your Cloud Build service account</h2> <p>To allow <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/securing-builds/set-service-account-permissions" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Build service account</a> to run Terraform scripts with the goal of managing Google Cloud resources, you need to grant it appropriate access to your project. For simplicity, <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/understanding-roles#basic" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">project editor</a> access is granted in this tutorial. But when the project editor role has a wide-range permission, in production environments you must follow your company's IT security best practices, usually providing <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/docs/enterprise/best-practices-for-enterprise-organizations#control-access" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">least-privileged access</a>.</p> <ol> <li><p>In Cloud Shell, retrieve the email for your project's Cloud Build service account:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CLOUDBUILD_SA="$(gcloud projects describe $PROJECT_ID \ --format 'value(projectNumber)')@cloudbuild.gserviceaccount.com" </code></pre></li> <li><p>Grant the required access to your Cloud Build service account:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-sh" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding $PROJECT_ID \ --member serviceAccount:$CLOUDBUILD_SA --role roles/editor </code></pre></li> </ol> <h2 id="directly_connecting_cloud_build_to_your_github_repository" data-text="Directly connecting Cloud Build to your GitHub repository">Directly connecting Cloud Build to your GitHub repository</h2> <p>This section shows you how to install the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/marketplace/google-cloud-build" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">Cloud Build GitHub app</a>. This installation allows you to connect your GitHub repository with your Google Cloud project so that Cloud Build can automatically apply your Terraform manifests each time you create a new branch or push code to GitHub.</p> <p>The following steps provide instructions for installing the app only for the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops</code> repository, but you can choose to install the app for more or all your repositories.</p> <ol> <li><p>Go to the GitHub Marketplace page for the Cloud Build app:</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/marketplace/google-cloud-build" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="button button-primary">Open the Cloud Build app page</a> </p></li> <li><p>If this is your first time configuring an app in GitHub, click <strong>Setup with Google Cloud Build</strong>. Otherwise, click <strong>Edit your plan</strong>, select your billing information and, in the <strong>Edit your plan</strong> page, click <strong>grant this app access</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Install Google Cloud Build</strong> page, select <strong>Only select repositories</strong> and enter <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">your-user</var></code>/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops</strong> to connect to your forked repository.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Install</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Sign in to Google Cloud.</p> <p>The <strong>Authorization</strong> page is displayed. You are asked to authorize the Cloud Build GitHub app to connect to Google Cloud.</p> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-sign-in-to-gcp.png" alt="Sign in to Google Cloud" class="screenshot"> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Authorize Google Cloud Build by GoogleCloudBuild</strong>.</p> <p>You are redirected to the Cloud Console.</p></li> <li><p>Select the Google Cloud project you are working on.</p></li> <li><p>If you agree to the terms and conditions, select the checkbox, and then click <strong>Next</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>In the <strong>Repository selection</strong> step, select <strong><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">your-user</var></code>/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops</strong> to connect to your Google Cloud project, and then click <strong>Connect</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Done</strong>, and then click <strong>Connect</strong>.</p></li> </ol> <p>The Cloud Build GitHub app is now configured, and your GitHub repository is linked to your Google Cloud project. From now on, changes to the GitHub repository trigger Cloud Build executions, which report the results back to GitHub by using <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://developer.github.com/v3/checks/" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">GitHub Checks</a>.</p> <h2 id="changing_your_environment_configuration_in_a_new_feature_branch" data-text="Changing your environment configuration in a new feature branch">Changing your environment configuration in a new feature branch</h2> <p>By now, you have most of your environment configured. So it's time to make some code changes in your development environment.</p> <ol> <li>On GitHub, navigate to the main page of your forked repository.</li> <li><p>Make sure you are in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> branch.</p> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-dev-branch.png" alt="Make sure you're in the dev branch." width="50%" class="screenshot"> </p></li> <li><p>To open the file for editing, go to the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">modules/firewall/main.tf</code> file and click the pencil icon.</p></li> <li><p>On line 15, fix the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">"http-server**2**"</code> typo in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">target_tags</code> field.</p> <p>The value must be <code translate="no" dir="ltr">"http-server"</code>.</p></li> <li><p>Add a commit message at the bottom of the page, such as "Fixing http firewall target", and select <strong>Create a new branch for this commit</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Propose file change</strong>.</p></li> <li><p>On the following page, click <strong>Create pull request</strong> to open a new pull request with your change.</p> <p>Once your pull request is open, a Cloud Build job is automatically initiated.</p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Show all checks</strong> and wait for the check to become green.</p> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-all-checks.png" alt="Show all checks in a pull request." width="70%" class="screenshot"> </p></li> <li><p>Click <strong>Details</strong> to see more information, including the output of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> at <strong>View more details on Google Cloud Build</strong> link.</p></li> </ol> <p>Note that the Cloud Build job ran the pipeline defined in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">cloudbuild.yaml</code> file. As discussed previously, this pipeline has different behaviors depending on the branch being fetched. The build checks whether the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">$BRANCH_NAME</code> variable matches any environment folder. If so, Cloud Build executes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> for that environment. Otherwise, Cloud Build executes <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> for all environments to make sure that the proposed change holds for them all. If any of these plans fail to execute, the build fails as well.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-include" style="border: 1px solid #4285f4; padding: 4px; background-color: #4285f4;"> <div class="github-docwidget-header" style="float: left; padding-top: 3px; margin-left: 5px;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml" target="_blank" style="color: white;"> cloudbuild.yaml </a> </div> <div style="text-align: right; float: right;"> <a class="button" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml" track-type="github" track-name="gitHubViewButton" track-metadata-link-destination="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml">View on GitHub</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="prettyprint lang-yaml" track-metadata-position="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/cloudbuild.yaml/HEAD/tf-plan" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/cloudbuild.yaml" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="tf-plan" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">- id: 'tf plan' name: 'hashicorp/terraform:1.0.0' entrypoint: 'sh' args: - '-c' - | if [ -d "environments/$BRANCH_NAME/" ]; then cd environments/$BRANCH_NAME terraform plan else for dir in environments/*/ do cd ${dir} env=${dir%*/} env=${env#*/} echo "" echo "*************** TERRAFOM PLAN ******************" echo "******* At environment: ${env} ********" echo "*************************************************" terraform plan || exit 1 cd ../../ done fi </code></pre> </div> <p>Similarly, the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform apply</code> command runs for environment branches, but it is completely ignored in any other case. In this section, you have submitted a code change to a new branch, so no infrastructure deployments were applied to your Google Cloud project.</p> <div class="github-docwidget-include" style="border: 1px solid #4285f4; padding: 4px; background-color: #4285f4;"> <div class="github-docwidget-header" style="float: left; padding-top: 3px; margin-left: 5px;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml" target="_blank" style="color: white;"> cloudbuild.yaml </a> </div> <div style="text-align: right; float: right;"> <a class="button" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml" track-type="github" track-name="gitHubViewButton" track-metadata-link-destination="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/blob/HEAD/cloudbuild.yaml">View on GitHub</a> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> <div class="github-docwidget-gitinclude-code"> <pre suppresswarning="suppresswarning" translate="no" class="prettyprint lang-yaml" track-metadata-position="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/cloudbuild.yaml/HEAD/tf-apply" data-code-snippet="true" data-github-path="GoogleCloudPlatform/solutions-terraform-cloudbuild-gitops/cloudbuild.yaml" data-git-revision="HEAD" data-region-tag="tf-apply" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">- id: 'tf apply' name: 'hashicorp/terraform:1.0.0' entrypoint: 'sh' args: - '-c' - | if [ -d "environments/$BRANCH_NAME/" ]; then cd environments/$BRANCH_NAME terraform apply -auto-approve else echo "***************************** SKIPPING APPLYING *******************************" echo "Branch '$BRANCH_NAME' does not represent an oficial environment." echo "*******************************************************************************" fi</code></pre> </div> <h2 id="enforcing_cloud_build_execution_success_before_merging_branches" data-text="Enforcing Cloud Build execution success before merging branches">Enforcing Cloud Build execution success before merging branches</h2> <p>To make sure merges can be applied only when respective Cloud Build executions are successful, proceed with the following steps:</p> <ol> <li>On GitHub, navigate to the main page of your forked repository.</li> <li>Under your repository name, click <strong>Settings</strong>.</li> <li>In the left menu, click <strong>Branches</strong>.</li> <li>Under <strong>Branch protection rules</strong>, click <strong>Add rule</strong>.</li> <li>In <strong>Branch name pattern</strong>, select <strong>dev</strong>.</li> <li>In <strong>Rule settings</strong>, select <strong>Require status checks to pass before merging</strong>, and then in <strong>Status checks found in the last week for this repository</strong>, click <strong>Build</strong>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Create</strong>.</li> <li>Repeat steps 5–8, setting <strong>Branch name pattern</strong> to <strong>prod</strong>.</li> </ol> <p>This configuration is important to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://help.github.com/en/articles/about-protected-branches" target="github" track-type="tutorial" track-name="gitHubLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="external">protect</a> both the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> branches. Meaning, commits must first be pushed to another branch, and only then they can be merged to the protected branch. In this tutorial, the protection requires that the Cloud Build execution be successful for the merge to be allowed.</p> <h2 id="promoting_changes_to_the_development_environment" data-text="Promoting changes to the development environment">Promoting changes to the development environment</h2> <p>You have a pull request waiting to be merged. It's time to apply the state you want to your <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code> environment.</p> <ol> <li>On GitHub, navigate to the main page of your forked repository.</li> <li>Under your repository name, click <strong>Pull requests</strong>.</li> <li>Click the pull request you just created.</li> <li><p>Click <strong>Merge pull request</strong>, and then click <strong>Confirm merge</strong>.</p> <p><img src="/web/20210620203430im_/https://cloud.google.com/architecture/images/managing-infrastructure-as-code-confirm-merge.png" alt="Confirm merge." width="50%" class="screenshot"> </p></li> <li><p>Check that a new Cloud Build has been triggered:</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/cloud-build/builds" target="console" track-type="tutorial" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="button button-primary">Go to the Cloud Build page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Open the build and check the logs.</p> <p>When the build finishes, you see something like this:</p> <pre class="console" translate="no" dir="ltr"> Step #3 - "tf apply": external_ip = <var translate="no">external-ip-value</var> Step #3 - "tf apply": firewall_rule = dev-allow-http Step #3 - "tf apply": instance_name = dev-apache2-instance Step #3 - "tf apply": network = dev Step #3 - "tf apply": subnet = dev-subnet-01 </pre></li> <li><p>Copy <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">external-ip-value</var></code> and open the address in a web browser.</p> <p>This provisioning might take a few seconds to boot the VM and to propagate the firewall rule, but at the end, you see <strong>Environment: dev</strong> in the web browser.</p></li> </ol> <h2 id="promoting_changes_to_the_production_environment" data-text="Promoting changes to the production environment">Promoting changes to the production environment</h2> <p>Now that you have your development environment fully tested, you can promote your infrastructure code to production.</p> <ol> <li>On GitHub, navigate to the main page of your forked repository.</li> <li>Click <strong>New pull request</strong>.</li> <li>For the <strong>base repository</strong>, select your just-forked repository.</li> <li>For <strong>base</strong>, select <code translate="no" dir="ltr">prod</code> and for <strong>compare</strong>, select <code translate="no" dir="ltr">dev</code>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Create pull request</strong></li> <li>For <strong>title</strong>, enter a title such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Promoting networking changes</code>, and then click <strong>Create pull request</strong>.</li> <li>Review the proposed changes, including the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">terraform plan</code> details from Cloud Build, and then click <strong>Merge pull request</strong>.</li> <li>Click <strong>Confirm merge</strong>.</li> <li><p>In the Cloud Console, open the <strong>Build History</strong> page to see your changes being applied to the production environment:</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/cloud-build/builds" target="console" track-type="tutorial" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-position="body" class="button button-primary">Go to the Cloud Build page</a> </p></li> <li><p>Wait for the build to finish, and then check the logs.</p> <p>At the end of the logs, you see something like this:</p> <pre class="console" translate="no" dir="ltr"> Step #3 - "tf apply": external_ip = <var translate="no">external-ip-value</var> Step #3 - "tf apply": firewall_rule = prod-allow-http Step #3 - "tf apply": instance_name = prod-apache2-instance Step #3 - "tf apply": network = prod Step #3 - "tf apply": subnet = prod-subnet-01 </pre></li> <li><p>Copy <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><var translate="no">external-ip-value</var></code> and open the address in a web browser.</p> <p>This provisioning might take a few seconds to boot the VM and to propagate the firewall rule, but in the end, you see <strong>Environment: prod</strong> in the web browser.</p></li> </ol> <p>You have successfully configured a serverless infrastructure-as-code pipeline on Cloud Build. In the future, you might want to try the following:</p> <ul> <li>Add deployments for separate use cases.</li> <li>Create additional environments to reflect your needs.</li> <li>Use a project per environment instead of a VPC per environment.</li> </ul> </section> </div> <section id="cleanup"> <h2 id="clean-up" data-text="Cleaning up">Cleaning up</h2> <p>After you've finished the tutorial, clean up the resources you created on Google Cloud so you won't be billed for them in the future.</p> <h3 id="deleting_the_project" data-text="Deleting the project">Deleting the project</h3> <ol> <aside class="caution"> <strong>Caution</strong>: Deleting a project has the following effects: <ul> <li> <strong>Everything in the project is deleted.</strong> If you used an existing project for this tutorial, when you delete it, you also delete any other work you've done in the project. </li> <li> <strong>Custom project IDs are lost.</strong> When you created this project, you might have created a custom project ID that you want to use in the future. To preserve the URLs that use the project ID, such as an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">appspot.com</code> URL, delete selected resources inside the project instead of deleting the whole project. </li> </ul> <p> If you plan to explore multiple tutorials and quickstarts, reusing projects can help you avoid exceeding project quota limits. </p> </aside> <li> In the Cloud Console, go to the <b>Manage resources</b> page. <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://console.cloud.google.com/iam-admin/projects" target="console" track-type="commonIncludes" track-name="consoleLink" track-metadata-end-goal="deleteProject" class="button button-primary">Go to Manage resources</a></p> </li> <li> In the project list, select the project that you want to delete, and then click <b>Delete</b>. </li> <li> In the dialog, type the project ID, and then click <b>Shut down</b> to delete the project. </li> </ol> </section> <section id="whatsnext"> <h2 id="whats-next" data-text="What's next">What's next</h2> <ul> <li>Consider using <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/foundation-toolkit" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Cloud Foundation Toolkit templates</a> to quickly build a repeatable enterprise-ready foundation in Google Cloud.</li> <li>Watch <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vfXQxWJazM" target="youtube" track-type="tutorial" track-name="youtubeLink" track-metadata-position="body">Repeatable GCP Environments at Scale With Cloud Build Infra-As-Code Pipelines</a> from Next' 19 about the GitOps workflow described in this tutorial.</li> <li>Check out the <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/tutorials/gitops-cloud-build" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">GitOps-style continuous delivery with Cloud Build</a> tutorial.</li> <li>Take a look at more advanced Cloud Build features: <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/configuring-builds/configure-build-step-order" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Configuring the order of build steps</a>, <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/configuring-builds/build-test-deploy-artifacts" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Building, testing, and deploying artifacts</a>, and <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/build/docs/create-custom-build-steps" track-type="tutorial" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="body">Creating custom build steps</a>.</li> <li> Explore reference architectures, diagrams, tutorials, and best practices about Google Cloud. Take a look at our <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/architecture" track-type="tutorial" track-name="textLink" track-metadata-position="nextSteps">Cloud Architecture Center</a>. </li> <li>Read our resources about <a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/devops" track-type="solution" track-name="internalLink" track-metadata-position="nextSteps">DevOps</a>.</li> <li>Learn more about the DevOps capabilities related to this tutorial: <ul> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-version-control">Version control</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-continuous-integration">Continuous integration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-continuous-delivery">Continuous delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210620203430/https://cloud.google.com/solutions/devops/devops-tech-test-automation">Continuous testing</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Take the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.devops-research.com/quickcheck.html" target="external" track-type="solution" track-name="externalLink" track-metadata-position="nextSteps" class="external">DevOps quick check</a> to understand where you stand in comparison with the rest of the industry. </section> <section id="freetrial"> </section> </div> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="mwETRvWii0eU5NUYprb0Y9z5GVbc" listnr-id="83405"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> <template class="thumb-down-categories"> [{ "type": "thumb-down", "id": "hardToUnderstand", "label":"Hard to understand" },{ "type": "thumb-down", "id": "incorrectInformationOrSampleCode", "label":"Incorrect information or sample code" },{ "type": "thumb-down", "id": "missingTheInformationSamplesINeed", "label":"Missing the information/samples I need" },{ "type": "thumb-down", "id": "otherDown", "label":"Other" }] </template> <template class="thumb-up-categories"> [{ "type": "thumb-up", "id": "easyToUnderstand", "label":"Easy to understand" },{ "type": "thumb-up", "id": "solvedMyProblem", "label":"Solved my problem" },{ "type": "thumb-up", "id": "otherUp", "label":"Other" }] </template> <template class="thumb-rating-feedback"> <devsite-feedback position="thumb-rating" project-name="Cloud Architecture Center" product-id="410597" bucket="Documentation" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20210615-r01-rc00.435919030849714118" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="thumb-rating" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v0a30303ec7b067b5f3ae9ccc0662a5464fa8a5fb796392acd97bcfd40590684c/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" feedback-type="thumb-rating"> <button> Need to tell us more? </button> </devsite-feedback> </template> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-feedback position="footer" project-name="Cloud Architecture Center" product-id="410597" bucket="Documentation" context="" version="t-devsite-webserver-20210615-r01-rc00.435919030849714118" data-label="Send Feedback Button" track-type="feedback" track-name="sendFeedbackLink" track-metadata-position="footer" project-icon="https://www.gstatic.com/devrel-devsite/prod/v0a30303ec7b067b5f3ae9ccc0662a5464fa8a5fb796392acd97bcfd40590684c/cloud/images/favicons/onecloud/super_cloud.png" feedback-type="thumb-rating"> <button> Send feedback </button> </devsite-feedback> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620203430/https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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