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Pol铆tica, societat i cultura dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-de-la-generalitat-de-catalunya-i-dels-seus-presidents?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4799">Hist貌ria de la Generalitat de Catalunya i els seus presidents</a></p> <p><a href="/lluis-companys-president-de-catalunya?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4815">Llu铆s Companys, president de Catalunya</a></p> <h3>Llengua</h3> <p><a href="/llibre-estil-enciclopedia-catalana?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4795">Llibre d'estil</a></p> <h3>Medicina</h3> <p><a href="/enciclopedia-de-medicina-i-salut?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=68">Enciclop猫dia de medicina i salut</a></p> <h3>Natura i ecologia</h3> <p><a href="/biosfera?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4805">Biosfera</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-natural-dels-paisos-catalans?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4807">Hist貌ria natural dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </nav> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg" id="navbar-main"> <section class="region region-header"> <div id="block-logomenu" class="container block block-blockgroup block-block-grouplogo-menu"> <div class="content"> <div class="logo col-lg-5 col-md-5 col-sm-5 justify-content-start"> <a href="/" title="Inici" rel="home" class="navbar-brand"> <img src="/sites/default/files/logo-enciclopedia_0.png" alt="Inici" class="img-fluid d-inline-block align-top" /> </a> <div class="align-top site-name-slogan"> El teu portal del coneixement </div> </div> <div id="block-megamenu" class="btn-megamenu col-lg-7 col-md-7 col-sm-7 justify-content-end block block-we-megamenu block-we-megamenu-blocktotes-les-obres"> <div class="content"> <div class="region-we-mega-menu"> <a class="navbar-toggle collapsed"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </a> <nav class="totes-les-obres navbar navbar-default navbar-we-mega-menu mobile-collapse hover-action" data-menu-name="totes-les-obres" data-block-theme="gec" data-style="Default" data-animation="None" data-delay="" data-duration="" data-autoarrow="" data-alwayshowsubmenu="1" data-action="hover" data-mobile-collapse="0"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="we-mega-menu-ul nav nav-tabs"> <li class="we-mega-menu-li" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="866cbe71-0b8f-40bf-826a-97006f97ab12" data-submenu="0" hide-sub-when-collapse="0"> <a class="we-mega-menu-li" title="" href="/actualitat" target=""> Temes d'actualitat </a> </li><li class="we-mega-menu-li obres right dropdown-menu" data-level="0" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-li" description="" data-id="29912ba8-439b-4252-854b-81ca1b7ccc38" data-submenu="1" hide-sub-when-collapse="" data-group="0" data-class="obres" data-icon="" data-caption="" data-alignsub="right" data-target=""> <a href='#' data-drupal-link-system-path="<front>" class="we-megamenu-nolink"> Obres</a> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-submenu" data-submenu-width="991" data-class="" style="width: 991px"> <div class="we-mega-menu-submenu-inner"> <div class="we-mega-menu-row" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-row" data-custom-row="1"> <div class="we-mega-menu-col span12" data-element-type="we-mega-menu-col" data-width="12" data-block="megamenuobres" data-blocktitle="0" data-hidewhencollapse="0" data-class=""> <div class="type-of-block"><div class="block-inner"><div id="block-megamenuobres" class="bk-gray-50 block block-block-content block-block-content5bf9a4ee-6762-4033-b44e-60104976c7f4"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <h2>Enciclop猫dia</h2> <p><a href="/gran-enciclopedia-catalana?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=938">Gran enciclop猫dia catalana</a></p> <p><a href="/esportpedia?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=1001">Esportp猫dia - 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Pol铆tica, societat i cultura dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-de-la-generalitat-de-catalunya-i-dels-seus-presidents?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4799">Hist貌ria de la Generalitat de Catalunya i els seus presidents</a></p> <p><a href="/lluis-companys-president-de-catalunya?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4815">Llu铆s Companys, president de Catalunya</a></p> <h3>Llengua</h3> <p><a href="/llibre-estil-enciclopedia-catalana?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4795">Llibre d'estil</a></p> <h3>Medicina</h3> <p><a href="/enciclopedia-de-medicina-i-salut?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=68">Enciclop猫dia de medicina i salut</a></p> <h3>Natura i ecologia</h3> <p><a href="/biosfera?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4805">Biosfera</a></p> <p><a href="/historia-natural-dels-paisos-catalans?search_api_fulltext=&field_faceta_cerca_1=4807">Hist貌ria natural dels Pa茂sos Catalans</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-searchmobile" class="display-none block-btn-search block block-block-content block-block-contentac4dbdb1-34a3-422e-a808-b34ca42c0aa2"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a class="btn-search" href="#"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-exposed-form block-cerca-home justify-content-center bk-gray-50 block block-views block-views-exposed-filter-blockcerca-gec-solr-page-1" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-cerca-gec-solr-page-1" id="block-exposedformcerca-gec-solrpage-1-2"> <div class="content"> <form action="/cerca/gec" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-cerca-gec-solr-page-1" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-row"> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-search-api-autocomplete form-type-search-api-autocomplete js-form-item-search-api-fulltext form-item-search-api-fulltext form-no-label form-group"> <input placeholder="Cerca" data-drupal-selector="edit-search-api-fulltext" data-search-api-autocomplete-search="cerca_gec_solr" class="form-autocomplete form-control" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/cerca_gec_solr?display=page_1&&filter=search_api_fulltext" type="text" id="edit-search-api-fulltext" name="search_api_fulltext" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" /> </fieldset> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-select form-type-select js-form-item-field-faceta-cerca-1 form-item-field-faceta-cerca-1 form-no-label form-group"> <select data-drupal-selector="edit-field-faceta-cerca-1" id="edit-field-faceta-cerca-1" name="field_faceta_cerca_1" class="form-select custom-select"><option value="All" selected="selected">- Tot -</option><option value="938">Gran enciclop猫dia catalana</option><option value="87">Aprendre a aprendre</option><option value="4773">Art de Catalunya</option><option value="4796">Atles de la diversitat</option><option value="4806">Atles de la pres猫ncia catalana al m贸n</option><option value="4814">Atles electoral Segona Republica a Catalunya</option><option value="4805">Biosfera</option><option value="4811">Caixes i bancs de Catalunya</option><option value="4765">Catalunya rom脿nica</option><option value="4800">Comarques de Catalunya</option><option value="4769">Del rom脿 al rom脿nic</option><option value="1218">Diccionari de la literatura catalana</option><option value="1225">Diccionari del cinema a Catalunya</option><option value="1162">Diccionari dels partits pol铆tics de Catalunya, segle XX</option><option value="1219">Diccionari d鈥檋istoriografia catalana</option><option value="4816">El Modernisme</option><option value="68">Enciclop猫dia de medicina i salut</option><option value="4774">Enciclop猫dia tem脿tica PROA</option><option value="1001">Esportp猫dia</option><option value="4770">F脿briques i empresaris</option><option value="1224">Gran enciclop猫dia de la m煤sica</option><option value="4799">Hist貌ria de la Generalitat de Catalunya i dels seus presidents</option><option value="4813">Hist貌ria econ貌mica de la Catalunya contempor脿nia</option><option value="4807">Hist貌ria natural dels Pa茂sos Catalans</option><option value="4809">Hist貌ria. Pol铆tica, societat i cultura dels Pa茂sos Catalans</option><option value="4795">Llibre d鈥檈stil d鈥橢nciclop猫dia Catalana</option><option value="4815">Llu铆s Companys, president de Catalunya</option><option value="4808">L鈥橝rt g貌tic a Catalunya</option><option value="4812">T猫cnics i tecnologia en el desenvolupament de la Catalunya contempor脿nia</option><option value="4981">Temes d鈥檃ctualitat</option><option value="4777">Tradicionari</option></select> </fieldset> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-actions--3"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-cerca-gec-solr" type="submit" id="edit-submit-cerca-gec-solr" value="Cerca" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary form-control" /> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </section> </nav> </header> <div class="highlighted"> <aside class="container-fluid section clearfix" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-highlighted"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback 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view-display-id-block_13 js-view-dom-id-656ad26bf110f7d2ddeb4ccc3803a6f7b037e8f05549b2750afba4a81de05a22"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-view"><div class="field-content altnamenou"><div class="view view-alternative-name-nou- view-id-alternative_name_nou_ view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-e82bd12cca2a2e86daaaf7bc25a94738511df27a9ab3865dededf92152794458"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-nom-alternatiu"><span class="field-content"><strong>deporte</strong></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-text-a-mostrar"><span class="field-content"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" tabindex="0" data-placement="right" title="castell脿">(es)</span></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-text-a-mostrar-1"><span class="field-content"></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-id"><span class="field-content">, </span></span> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-view"><div class="field-content altnamenou"><div class="view view-alternative-name-nou- view-id-alternative_name_nou_ view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-ba3cf083709137d6450817e749de64d326fe2180161269806a27999c6c440a14"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <span class="views-field views-field-field-nom-alternatiu"><span class="field-content"><strong>sport</strong></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-text-a-mostrar"><span class="field-content"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" tabindex="0" data-placement="right" title="angl猫s">(en)</span></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-text-a-mostrar-1"><span class="field-content"></span></span><span class="views-field views-field-id"><span class="field-content">, </span></span> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views 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id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-11"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_11 js-view-dom-id-a674c743cad45ac2c26e8f1b3e485eeec9eb5819c5ddfd525f19c397b1607bf6"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-views-conditional-field"><span class="field-content"><div class="mediagroup"><div class="div-figure-media" n="1" xml:id="FOTO_10928684" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><img class="div-graphic" src="/sites/default/files/media/FOTO/226035.jpg" /></div> <p class="div-caption">Esport (waterpolo)</p> <p class="div-credits">漏 Fototeca.cat-Corel</p></div></span></div><div class="views-field views-field-field-brief"><div class="field-content"><p>Sistema ordenat de pr脿ctiques corporals fetes en competici贸, en exhibici贸 o per afecci贸 i fonamentades en el m脿xim rendiment no utilitari degudament mesurat, que t茅 com a objectiu aconseguir la vict貌ria, la millora f铆sica, el r猫cord o l鈥檈sbargiment.</p> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-body"><div class="field-content"><p>Sovint hom ha associat l鈥檈sport, especialment a partir de la instauraci贸 dels moderns Jocs Ol铆mpics (1896), a determinades pr脿ctiques que es feien en l鈥檃ntiguitat i ha intentat de seguir-ne l鈥檈voluci贸 fins avui. Cap d鈥檃questes pr脿ctiques, tanmateix, malgrat consistir especialment en exercicis f铆sics, no respon al model d鈥檈sport. Els exercicis practicats pels grecs, que han inspirat l鈥檈specialitat de l鈥檃tletisme i els actuals Jocs Ol铆mpics, constitu茂en concursos rituals de car脿cter religi贸s en qu猫 participaven nom茅s els ciutadans grecs, i que eren destinats a fomentar el panhel路lenisme i eren expressi贸 de la filosofia basada en l鈥檌ndividualisme, en el sentiment est猫tic i en l鈥檈stimaci贸 del cos hum脿; posteriorment, perdut llur objectiu pol铆tic, esdevingueren un simple espectacle. Tampoc a Roma no hi hagu茅 esport; el sentit pragm脿tic dels romans imped铆, tanmateix, que es desenvolup茅s qualsevol activitat sense aplicaci贸 pr脿ctica: els exercicis f铆sics eren practicats com a entrenament per a la guerra i hom nom茅s permet茅 l鈥檈spectacle violent i sagnant.</p> <p>El cristianisme tampoc no facilit脿 un possible naixement de l鈥檃ctivitat esportiva: el seu menyspreu del cos i el fet de vincular els jocs f铆sics a cultes pagans li ho impediren. Durant les edats mitjana i moderna hom practic脿 i desenvolup脿, especialment la noblesa, els exercicis militars (esgrima, equitaci贸), alhora que les capes populars, 脿dhuc en medis aristocr脿tics, practicaren jocs, sovint amb pilota, amb finalitats d鈥檈sbarjo o entreteniment, tot i que moltes vegades foren prohibits per les autoritats.L鈥檈sport neix amb la societat industrial, precisament en el primer pa铆s que assoleix aquest estadi, la Gran Bretanya.</p> <p>Al segle XVIII s鈥檌nici脿 la introducci贸 del sentit competitiu en els jocs f铆sics i nasqu茅 un inter猫s a reglamentar-los. James Figgs (1719) obr铆 un gimn脿s on tenien lloc combats, amb armes o sense; el seu successor, Jack Broughton, don脿 els primers elements t猫cnics a la boxa publicant el primer reglament, el <em>London Prize Ring Rules</em> (1743). Lord Derby institu铆 (1795) la famosa prova h铆pica i el criquet pass脿 de joc popular a competici贸 esportiva. No obstant aquests antecedents, cal cercar el bressol de l鈥檈sport en els <em>colleges</em> anglesos de l鈥櫭╬oca victoriana: la competici贸, les regles del joc, l鈥檃profitament de l鈥檈sfor莽 f铆sic, foren troballes dels educadors brit脿nics que, degudament combinades, permeteren de disciplinar els alumnes, esplaiar llur pot猫ncia f铆sica i la for莽a dels sentits en l鈥檃rdor de la competici贸, socialitzar-los mitjan莽ant les normes, educar-los en els valors de la nova societat i utilitzar el cos per a sotmetre el cos. El precursor en fou el principal del <em>college</em> de Rugby (1828-42), Thomas Arnold, que cre脿 una s猫rie d鈥檈sports i organitz脿 el primer campionat; la seva experi猫ncia fou recollida i repetida en la resta d鈥檈stabliments escolars i fou general la pr脿ctica del criquet, del front贸 jugat en les parets dels edificis escolars i dels partits de pilota, especialment futbol, en els patis i camps d鈥檋erba, amb normes que variaven segons la localitat o la tradici贸 de l鈥檈scola. Una equivocaci贸 d鈥檜n alumne de <em>rugby</em>, en agafar la pilota amb les mans i posar-se a c贸rrer en lloc de jugar-hi amb els peus, don脿 lloc al naixement del rugbi (1823). El 1856 hom disput脿 la primera competici贸 entre <em>colleges</em>, la tradicional regata entre Oxford i Cambridge. La formaci贸 de les primeres federacions, la <em>Football Association</em> (1863) i la <em>Rugby Union</em> (1871) consagr脿 les regles d鈥檃mbd贸s esports.</p> <p>L鈥檃tletisme fou creat tamb茅 a la Gran Bretanya, la qual li don脿 els reglaments, universalment acceptats. La Gran Bretanya ofer铆 al m贸n la majoria dels esports que hom practica actualment: atletisme, cros, rugbi, futbol, hoquei, rem, boxa, tennis: solament el criquet no ha aconseguit d鈥檌ntroduir-se fora dels dominis brit脿nics. Nous esports nasqueren en altres pa茂sos, especialment als EUA: el beisbol (1858), el futbol americ脿 (1875), el basquetbol (1892). Aconsegu铆 la definitiva consolidaci贸 de l鈥檈sport com a fenomen social mundial el franc猫s Pierre de Coubertin, en 茅sser aprovat a la Sorbona (Par铆s) el 1894, el seu projecte d鈥檜ns Jocs Ol铆mpics inspirats en els de la Gr猫cia cl脿ssica, que foren realitat per primera vegada a Atenes (1896) i que aplegaren atletes de tretze estats.</p> <p>La mateixa din脿mica interna de l鈥檈sport l鈥檋a condu茂t a la realitat actual. L鈥檈sport ja no 茅s solament un instrument educatiu que permet el desenvolupament de qualitats f铆siques i morals segons els valors establerts pel sistema social tradicional (austeritat, abnegaci贸, sacrifici, dolor, disciplina). La necessitat d鈥檃ugmentar com m茅s va m茅s el rendiment de l鈥檈sportista, la cursa infinita cap a la conquesta d鈥檜n nou r猫cord, ha identificat l鈥檈sport amb el treball i l鈥檋a sotm猫s a l鈥檕rganitzaci贸 d鈥檃quest (especialitzaci贸, tayloritzaci贸, millora en els materials i en les instal路lacions, sistemes perfeccionats d鈥檈ntrenament, plantejament cient铆fic de la competici贸, etc.). Aix貌 explica que l鈥檈sport, fonamentat en l鈥檃mateurisme, hagi derivat ineluctablement cap al professionalisme: l鈥檈sportista ha de viure del seu treball, el qual s鈥檋a convertit en un mitj脿 de promoci贸 social; d鈥檃ltra banda, la necessitat d鈥檃nar millorant m茅s i m茅s la m脿quina humana i les seves possibilitats de rendiment ha convertit l鈥檃tleta en un aspirant a superhome i l鈥檈sport en s铆mbol del progr茅s lineal de la humanitat. L鈥檈sport ha esdevingut tamb茅 un element important de la ind煤stria de l鈥檈spectacle: l鈥檈sport actual no s鈥檈xplica sense l鈥檈spectador, sense graderies, sense els mitjans de comunicaci贸 de masses; aix貌 l鈥檋a condu茂t a servir de vehicle de propaganda, tant pol铆tica (foment de xovinisme) com comercial, i en impulsor d鈥檜n sector industrial propi (derivat de la necessitat de creaci贸 de locals i d鈥檌nstal路lacions, fabricaci贸 de materials, d鈥檈quipaments, etc.).</p> <p>Despr茅s de la Segona Guerra Mundial i, especialment, amb l鈥檃dhesi贸 de l鈥橴RSS al COI (1951) i la seva participaci贸 en els Jocs Ol铆mpics de H猫lsinki (1952), l鈥檈sport s鈥檕rganitz脿 mundialment i hom establ铆 una 煤nica pr脿ctica esportiva admesa per tots els estats. L鈥檈sport 茅s organitzat a dos nivells, de forma jer脿rquica i centralitzada: un, el dels Jocs Ol铆mpics, amb un 貌rgan permanent, el Comit猫 Ol铆mpic Internacional (COI), que t茅 a c脿rrec seu el moviment ol铆mpic i l鈥檕rganitzaci贸 peri貌dica dels Jocs; aquest delega la seva autoritat en les federacions internacionals per al control dels esports respectius; a escala estatal existeixen comit猫s ol铆mpics que fan la selecci贸 d鈥檃tletes que han de participar en els Jocs i es responsabilitzen de llur participaci贸. L鈥檃ltre nivell 茅s format per les federacions internacionals, les quals codifiquen la disciplina esportiva que representen, organitzen competicions internacionals i estableixen les caracter铆stiques dels r猫cords, llur control i homologaci贸; d鈥檈lles depenen les federacions de cada estat. Al marge existeix, tamb茅, una federaci贸 internacional de l鈥檈sport universitari, que organitza la universitat. D鈥檃ltra banda, cada estat controla i centralitza tota la seva activitat esportiva, tant per raons de prestigi i d鈥檌nstrumentalitzaci贸 pol铆tica com per fer cara a les necessitats econ貌miques i de planificaci贸 que el desenvolupament gegant铆 de l鈥檈sport porta en ell mateix. A l鈥橢stat espanyol, el Consell Superior d鈥橢sports, dependent del ministeri de cultura, 茅s l鈥檕rganisme estatal que centralitza l鈥檈sport. D鈥檈ll depenen les respectives federacions, les quals tenen representaci贸 en el pla provincial o regional. A Catalunya, el 1980, foren transferides a la Generalitat totes les compet猫ncies en mat猫ria d鈥檈sports. Els individus practiquen l鈥檈sport a trav茅s de clubs, degudament autoritzats, que formen part de la federaci贸 respectiva i en depenen.</p> <p>Les modalitats esportives s贸n m煤ltiples, i el nombre d鈥檃questes i la intensitat de llur pr脿ctica varien segons els estats. Hi ha esports universals (futbol, atletisme) i uns altres esports practicats en determinats pa茂sos (criquet, pilota basca, hoquei sobre gla莽). Els esports de m茅s avenir s贸n els que figuren reconeguts com a formant part del programa ol铆mpic (la majoria); per contrast, els que no ho s贸n (hoquei sobre patins, criquet) s贸n practicats minorit脿riament en regions geogr脿fiques molt determinades i tendeixen a desapar猫ixer. Hi ha esports que s贸n practicats col路lectivament (basquetbol, rugbi, futbol) i d鈥檃ltres que s贸n individuals聽(tir, golf, atletisme). Uns esports necessiten instruments per a 茅sser practicats: una pilota (la majoria d鈥檈sports col路lectius), un estic, uns esqu铆s, etc.; d鈥檃ltres es basen nom茅s en el cos hum脿 (nataci贸, curses, judo), i d鈥檃ltres s贸n practicats amb vehicles (ciclisme, automobilisme), naus (rem, vela, moton脿utica) o cavalls (hipisme). El camp de joc determina, no sempre decisivament, que uns esports siguin practicats a ple aire, en espais oberts (automobilisme, esqu铆, golf), i uns altres en locals o en espais tancats o redu茂ts (boxa, patinatge, nataci贸, voleibol). Als Pa茂sos Catalans, Barcelona constitu铆 l鈥檃vantguarda esportiva, especialment despr茅s, i com a conseq眉猫ncia, de l鈥橢xposici贸 Universal (1888). Els esports n脿utics, el rem i la vela, eren els m茅s practicats, encara que reservats a una minoria social privilegiada. A la fi del segle hi havia ja hip貌drom, darrere Montju茂c, cercle eq眉estre, diversos gimnasos, escola d鈥檈quitaci贸, tir de coloms, frontons, curses de cavalls i, naixent amb gran empenta, el futbol; l鈥檃utomobilisme s鈥檌ntrodu铆 en comen莽ar el s. XX. Posteriorment, l鈥檌nter猫s per l鈥檈sport es manifest脿 en la introducci贸 a l鈥橢stat espanyol, a trav茅s de Barcelona, de noves modalitats esportives, com el basquetbol, l鈥檋oquei sobre patins i altres.</p> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-gec-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <div class="content"> <article data-history-node-id="288028" role="article" about="/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/esport-0" class="node node--type-enciclopedia node--view-mode-full clearfix"> <header> </header> <div class="node__content clearfix"> </div> </article> </div> </div> </section> </section> </main> <div class="sidebar_first sidebar col-md-2 order-first" id="sidebar_first"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-sidebar-first"> <div class="views-element-container portada-work-sidebar display-none block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-5" id="block-gec-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-5"> <div 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webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-add-form webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-node-288028-form webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-node-288028-add-form js-webform-details-toggle webform-details-toggle" data-drupal-selector="webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-node-288028-add-form" action="/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/esport-0" method="post" id="webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-node-288028-add-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-nom-i-cognoms form-item-nom-i-cognoms form-group"> <label for="edit-nom-i-cognoms">Nom i cognoms</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-nom-i-cognoms" type="text" id="edit-nom-i-cognoms" name="nom_i_cognoms" value="" size="60" maxlength="255" class="form-control" /> </fieldset> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-email form-type-email js-form-item-email form-item-email form-group"> <label for="edit-email" class="js-form-required form-required">Correu electr貌nic</label> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-email" type="email" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="60" maxlength="254" class="form-email required form-control" required="required" aria-required="true" /> </fieldset> <fieldset class="js-form-item js-form-type-textarea form-type-textarea js-form-item-comentari form-item-comentari form-group"> <label for="edit-comentari" class="js-form-required form-required">Comentari</label> <div class="form-textarea-wrapper"> <textarea data-drupal-selector="edit-comentari" aria-describedby="edit-comentari--description" id="edit-comentari" name="comentari" rows="5" cols="60" class="form-textarea required form-control resize-vertical" required="required" aria-required="true"></textarea> </div> <small class="description text-muted"> <div id="edit-comentari--description" class="webform-element-description">Escriu el missatge que ens vols fer arribar</div> </small> </fieldset> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-url-enviament" type="hidden" name="url_enviament" value="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/esport-0" class="form-control" /> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-contacta" class="captcha"><input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-sid" type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="67191063" class="form-control" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-token" type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="KfD5lfjgFmwOTWtg9oXiEFiBeEPgwa1kRdC5iYnvo6o" class="form-control" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-response" type="hidden" name="captcha_response" value="Google no captcha" class="form-control" /> <div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LedqOogAAAAABnnbwYkZ0lZ_seHtd3rkPXy2enq" data-theme="light" data-type="image" data-size="compact"></div><input data-drupal-selector="edit-captcha-cacheable" type="hidden" name="captcha_cacheable" value="1" class="form-control" /> </div> <div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions webform-actions js-form-wrapper form-group" id="edit-actions"><input class="webform-button--submit button button--primary js-form-submit form-submit btn btn-primary form-control" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions-submit" type="submit" id="edit-actions-submit" name="op" value="Enviar" /> </div> <input autocomplete="off" data-drupal-selector="form-dtanzevufa9cd1o4jrstqxxcqzewf9fdfyzflulgrzi" type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-DTanzEvUFa9CD1o4jrstQXxCQzEWf9fdfyzfLulGrzI" class="form-control" /> <input data-drupal-selector="edit-webform-submission-contacta-amb-enciclopedia-cat-node-288028-add-form" type="hidden" name="form_id" value="webform_submission_contacta_amb_enciclopedia_cat_node_288028_add_form" class="form-control" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="block-gec-logocaixafitxadetall" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd2e4aadf-ab14-4a42-bcda-15aac3401224"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p class="text-align-center"><span class="title-patrocini">Amb el suport聽de:</span></p> <div><img alt="logo la caixa" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="aebe210a-bae8-4488-b065-2e80c8a4f56e" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/logo%20la%20caixa.png" class="align-center" /><p></p> <p></p> <p class="text-align-center"><span class="title-patrocini">El projecte "Tamb茅 recomanem" ha estat cofinan莽at per:</span></p> <p class="text-align-center"><img alt="logo accio" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="aebe210a-bae8-4488-b065-2e80c8a4f56e1" src="/sites/default/files/2023-07/Logo%20ACCI%C3%93%20horitzonal.png" /></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> <div class="sidebar_second sidebar col-md-2 order-last" id="sidebar_second"> <aside class="section" role="complementary"> <section class="region region-sidebar-second"> <div id="block-gec-addtoanybuttons" class="block block-addtoany block-addtoany-block"> <h2>Compartiu</h2> <div class="content"> <span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_18 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/esport-0" data-a2a-title="esport"><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a></span> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-7" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-7"> <h2>Enlla莽os externs</h2> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_7 js-view-dom-id-0ee5fe6552eb74a918b8d71f70a6a1bb04b606f4eb7a7cfa861958fda4f1a78c"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-mapa" class="block block-block-content block-block-contenta915d629-bad4-40ee-a5cc-0219b41c2f5a"> <h2>Mapa</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"></div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container custom-hidden block block-views block-views-blockfitxa-tecnica-block-17" id="block-views-block-fitxa-tecnica-block-17"> <div class="content"> <div><div class="work-sidebar view view-fitxa-tecnica view-id-fitxa_tecnica view-display-id-block_17 js-view-dom-id-404d5ae93de6c4dc175b3c4aa4eef07b3be9ce6b928b462972e80990385eb049"> <div class="view-content row"> <div class="views-row"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="featured-bottom"> <aside class="container clearfix" role="complementary"> <section class="row region region-featured-bottom-first"> <div id="block-logoenciclopediafooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentb710a73d-8a96-4694-81e9-38e159e4a48d"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div><img alt="enciclop猫dia" data-entity-type="file" src="/sites/default/files/logo-enciclopedia_0.png" width="202px" class="align-left" /></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="row region region-featured-bottom-second"> <div id="block-socialprefooter" class="social-footer sf-icons block block-block-content block-block-content04769818-edd9-4120-894a-c0bc5ac41063"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/enciclopediaCAT" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter fa-lg" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Enciclopediacat" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-square fa-lg"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="row region region-featured-bottom-third"> <div id="block-subscriutealanewsletter" class="newsletter-block block block-block-content block-block-content8615aaa8-991d-4975-ad60-9de6ddd733ff"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><a class="btn btn-featured-bottom" href="https://grupenciclopedia.cat/landings/subscriu-te-al-butlleti-enciclopediacat/">Vols subscriure't al butllet铆 d'Enciclop猫dia.cat?</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </aside> </div> <footer class="site-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="site-footer__top clearfix"> <div class="row"> <section class="row region region-footer-first"> <div id="block-grupenciclopediafooter" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentd9da7727-6e04-4b48-a9a6-8df93e14da45"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><div><a href="https://grupenciclopedia.cat/"><img alt="Grup enciclop猫dia" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="648e3d36-8a51-48ff-a874-3d837d3c19f9" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/GRUPENCICLOPEDIA.png" /></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-socialfooter" class="social-footer sf-icons block block-block-content block-block-content9244dc12-40b3-4380-b1c0-9cb9771e658c"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/grupenciclopedia/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram fa-lg"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Genciclopedia" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-twitter fa-lg" ></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/GrupEnciclopediaCatalana/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-square fa-lg"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/enciclopediaCAT/playlists" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-youtube fa-lg"></i></a></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-gec-legalfooter" class="legal-footer block block-block-content 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href="https://grupenciclopedia.cat/diccionaris-de-lenciclopedia/">Diccionaris de l`Enciclop猫dia</a></li> <li><a href="https://grupenciclopedia.cat/enciclopediallibres/">Enciclop猫dia</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="row region region-footer-third"> <div id="block-educacio-2" class="menu-block block block-block-content block-block-content4bc3acc0-8552-4add-9d24-39ab2ce65765"> <h2>Educaci贸</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ul><li><a href="https://text-lagalera.cat/">Text</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lecturaenveualta.cat/">Certamen de Lectura<br /> en Veu Alta</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="row region region-footer-fourth"> <div id="block-apps-2" class="menu-block block block-block-content block-block-content57b17e9a-5ada-4142-8fac-314e18e8a3ee"> <h2>Obres de refer猫ncia</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ul><li><a href="https://enciclopediaart.cat/">Enciclop猫dia Art</a></li> <li><a href="https://enciclopediaart.cat/obres/grans-obres/">Grans obres</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="row region region-footer-fifth"> <div id="block-diccionaris-2" class="menu-block block block-block-content block-block-content30932508-cbc1-4fd5-b3c1-0e51f514039e"> <h2>Coneixement</h2> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><ul><li><a href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/">Enciclop猫dia.cat</a></li> <li><a href="http://diccionari.cat/">Diccionari.cat</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/divulcat/">Divulcat</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-recolectorscript" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentc8df65e9-57b7-4d51-90ac-65dc26b2fbd5"> <div class="content"> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><script> var retryArr = []; var pluginCode = 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//createMethod += "// console.log('"+name+"',event,event.target,event.target.textContent,event.target.classList);"; createMethod += "});"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "else{"; createMethod += "setTimeout(function(){ "; createMethod += "console.log('2sec');"; createMethod += "if(selectElement" + name + "){"; createMethod += "for (var i = 0; i < selectElement" + name + ".length; i++) {"; createMethod += "const element = selectElement" + name + "[i];"; createMethod += "element.addEventListener('" + action + "', (event) => {"; createMethod += "target" + name + ".value = event.target.textContent;"; createMethod += "field" + name + ".targets = target" + name + ";"; createMethod += "field" + name + ".url = '" + url + "';"; createMethod += "if(target" + name + ".value != '' && target" + name + ".value != undefined && target" + name + ".value != 'undefined'){"; createMethod += "sendDataRecolector(field" + name + ",'" + endpoint + "');"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "});"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "}, 2000);"; createMethod += "}"; }else{ createMethod = "var selectElement"+name+" = document.getElementById('"+selector+"');"; createMethod += "if(selectElement"+name+"){"; createMethod += "selectElement"+name+".addEventListener('"+action+"', (event) => {"; createMethod += "console.log('"+name+"',event.target.value);"; createMethod += "target"+name+".value = document.getElementById('"+selector+"').value;"; createMethod += "field"+name+".targets = target"+name+";"; createMethod += "field"+name+".url = '"+url+"';"; createMethod += "console.log('field"+name+"',field"+name+");"; createMethod += "if(target"+name+".value != '' && target"+name+".value != undefined && target"+name+".value != 'undefined'){"; createMethod += "sendDataRecolector(field"+name+",'"+endpoint+"');"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "});"; createMethod += "}"; createMethod += "else{"; createMethod += "setTimeout(function(){"; 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