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<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb"> <meta name="keywords" content="Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Juniperus excelsa M. 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Bieb"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 21</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Phytochemical Profile of Ripe Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Galbuli from Bulgaria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Stankov">S. Stankov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Fidan"> H. Fidan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Petkova"> N. Petkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Stoyanova"> M. Stoyanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tz.%20Radoukova"> Tz. Radoukova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Stoyanova"> A. Stoyanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of ripe <em>Juniperus excelsa </em>M. Bieb. galbuli (female cones) collected from "Izgoraloto Gyune" Reserve in Krichim, Bulgaria. The moisture (36.88%), abs. weight 693.96 g/1000 pcs., and the ash content (10.57%) of ripe galbuli were determined. Lipid fraction (9.12%), cellulose (13.54%), protein (13.64%), and total carbohydrates (31.20%) were evaluated in the ripe galbuli. It was found that the ripe galbuli contained glucose (4.00%) and fructose (4.25%), but disaccharide sucrose was not identified. The main macro elements presented in the sample were K (8390.00 mg/kg), Ca (4596.00 g/kg), Mg (837.72 mg/kg), followed by Na (7.69 mg/kg); while the detected microelements consisted of Zn (8.51 mg/kg), Cu (4.66 mg/kg), Mn (3.65 mg/kg), Fe (3.26 mg/kg), Cr (3.00 mg/kg), Cd (< 0.1 mg/kg), and Pb (0.01 mg/kg). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title="chemical composition">chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniperus%20excelsa%20M.%20Bieb" title=" Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb"> Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripe%20galbuli" title=" ripe galbuli"> ripe galbuli</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128799/phytochemical-profile-of-ripe-juniperus-excelsa-m-bieb-galbuli-from-bulgaria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Attenuation of Pancreatic Histology, Hematology and Biochemical Parameters in Type 2 Diabetic Rats Treated with Azadirachta excelsa </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nurdiana">S. Nurdiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Nor%20Haziqah"> A. S. Nor Haziqah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Nur%20Ezwa%20Khairunnisa"> M. K. Nur Ezwa Khairunnisa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nurul%20Izzati"> S. Nurul Izzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Siti%20Amna%20M.%20J.%20Norashirene"> Y. Siti Amna M. J. Norashirene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Nur%20Hilwani"> I. Nur Hilwani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Azadirachta excelsa or locally known as sentang are frequently used as a traditional medicine by diabetes patients in Malaysia. However, less attention has been given to their toxicity effect. Thus, the study is an attempt to examine the protective effect of A. excelsa on the pancreas and to determine possible toxicity mediated by the extract. Diabetes was induced experimentally in rats by high-fat-diet for 16 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at dosage of 35 mg/kg of body weight. Declination of the fasting blood glucose level was observed after continuous administration of A. excelsa for 14 days twice daily. This is due to the refining structure of the pancreas. However, surprisingly, the plant extract reduced the leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, MCHC and lymphocytes. In addition, the rat treated with the plant extract exhibited increment in AST and eosinocytes level. Overall, the finding shows that A. excelsa possesses antidiabetic activity by improving the structure of pancreatic islet of Langerhans but involved in ameliorating of hematology and biochemical parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadirachta%20excelsa" title="Azadirachta excelsa">Azadirachta excelsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pancreas" title=" pancreas"> pancreas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemato-biochemical%20parameters" title=" hemato-biochemical parameters"> hemato-biochemical parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13139/attenuation-of-pancreatic-histology-hematology-and-biochemical-parameters-in-type-2-diabetic-rats-treated-with-azadirachta-excelsa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Juniperus thurefera Multiplication Tests by Cauttigs in Aures, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khater">N. Khater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Menina"> S. A. Menina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benbouza"> H. Benbouza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Juniperus thurefera is an endemic cupressacée constitutes a forest cover in the mountains of Aures (Algeria). It is a heritage and important ecological richness but continues to decline, highly endangered species in danger of extinction, these populations show significant originality due to climatic conditions of the environment, because of its strength and extraordinary vitality, made a powerful but fragile and unique ecosystem in which natural regeneration by seed is almost absent in Algeria. Because of the quality of seeds that are either dormant or affected at the tree and the ground level by a large number of pests and parasites, which will lead to the total disappearance of this species and consequently leading to the biodiversity. View the ecological and socio- economic interest presented by this case, it deserves to be preserved and produced in large quantities in this respect. The present work aims to try to regenerate the Juniperus thurefera via vegetative propagation. We studied the potential of cuttings to form adventitious roots and buds. Cuttings were taken from young subjects from 5 to 20 years treated with indole butyric acid (AIB) and planted out-inside perlite under atomizer whose temperature and light are controlled. Results indicated that the percentage of developing buds on cuttings is better than the rooting ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniperus%20thurefera" title="Juniperus thurefera">Juniperus thurefera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole%20butyric%20acid" title=" indole butyric acid"> indole butyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting" title=" cutting"> cutting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buds" title=" buds"> buds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rooting" title=" rooting"> rooting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30083/juniperus-thurefera-multiplication-tests-by-cauttigs-in-aures-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Phytogeography and Regional Conservation Status of Gymnosperms in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raees%20Khan">Raees Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mir%20A.%20Khan"> Mir A. Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheikh%20Z.%20Ul%20Abidin"> Sheikh Z. Ul Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20S.%20Mumtaz"> Abdul S. Mumtaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, phytogeography and conservation status of gymnosperms of Pakistan were investigated. 44 gymnosperms species of 18 genera and 9 families were collected from 66 districts of the country. Among the 44 species, 20 species were native (wild) and 24 species were exotic (cultivated). Ephedra sarocarpa of Ephedraceae was not collected in this study from its distribution area and most probably it may be Nationally Extinct now from this area. Previously in Gymnosperms Flora of Pakistan 34 species was reported. 12 new gymnosperms species were recorded for the first time. Pinus wallichiana (40 districts), Cedrus deodara (39 districts) Pinus roxburghii (36 districts), Picea smithiana (36 districts) and Abies pindrow (34 districts) have the maximum ecological amplitude. Juniperus communis (17districts) and Juniperus excelsa (14 districts) were the widely distributed among the junipers. Ephedra foliata (23 districts), Ephedra gerardiana (20 districts) and Ephedra intermedia (19 districts) has the widest distribution range. Taxus fuana was also wider distribution range and recorded in 19 districts but its population was not very stable. These species was recorded to support local flora and fuana, especially endemics. PCORD version 5 clustered all gymnosperms species into 4 communities and all localities into 5 groups through cluster analyses. The Two Way Cluster Analyses of 66 districts (localities) resulted 4 various plant communities. The Gymnosperms in Pakistan are distributed in 3 floristic regions i.e. Western plains of the country, Northern and Western mountainous regions and Western Himalayas. The assessment of the National conservation status of these species, 10 species were found to be threatened, 6 species were endangered, 4 species were critically endangered and 1 species have become extinct (Ephedra sarcocarpa). The population of some species i.e. Taxus fuana, Ephedra gerardiana, Ephedra monosperma, Picea smithiana and Abies spectabilis is decreasing at an alarming rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation%20status" title="conservation status">conservation status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gymnosperms" title=" gymnosperms"> gymnosperms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytogeography" title=" phytogeography"> phytogeography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82018/phytogeography-and-regional-conservation-status-of-gymnosperms-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> The Insecticidal Activity of Three Essential Oils on the Chickpea Weevil Callosobruchus Maculatus F (Coleoptera; Curculionidae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azzaz%20Siham">Azzaz Siham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential oils are, by definition, secondary metabolites produced by plants as a means of defense against phytophagous pests. This work aims to study the insecticidal effect of the essential oil of three plants: Phoenician juniper Juniperus phoenicea; the Niaouli Melaleuca quinquenervia and the wild carrot Daucus carota L, on the chickpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus F, which is known as a formidable pest of legumes. Essential oils are obtained by hydrodistillation. The study carried out in the laboratory concerning the insecticidal activity of these essential oils by contact and inhalation effect on C.maculatus gave important results, especially for the essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea for the contact test; and for the inhalation test, the essential oil of Melaleuca quinquenervia shows remarkable insecticidal activity compared to the other two oils. The results of these tests showed a very interesting action. The essential oils used very significantly describe the lifespan of adults. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title="essential oils">essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juniperus%20phoenicea" title=" juniperus phoenicea"> juniperus phoenicea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melaleuca%20quinquenervia" title=" melaleuca quinquenervia"> melaleuca quinquenervia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daucus%20carota" title=" daucus carota"> daucus carota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Callosobruchus%20maculatus" title=" Callosobruchus maculatus"> Callosobruchus maculatus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146545/the-insecticidal-activity-of-three-essential-oils-on-the-chickpea-weevil-callosobruchus-maculatus-f-coleoptera-curculionidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Preliminary Study of the Potential of Propagation by Cuttings of Juniperus thurefera in Aures (Algeria)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khater">N. Khater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Djbablia"> I. Djbablia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Telaoumaten"> A. Telaoumaten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Menina"> S. A. Menina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Benbouza"> H. Benbouza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thureferous Juniper is an endemic cupressacée constitutes a forest cover in the mountains of Aures (Algeria ). It is an heritage and important ecological richness, but continues to decline, highly endangered species in danger of extinction, these populations show significant originality due to climatic conditions of the environment, because of its strength and extraordinary vitality, made a powerful but fragile and unique ecosystem in which natural regeneration by seed is almost absent in Algeria. Because of the quality of seeds that are either dormant or affected at the tree and the ground level by a large number of pests and parasites, which will lead to the total disappearance of this species and consequently leading to the biodiversity. View the ecological and social- economic interest presented by this case, it deserves to be preserved and produced in large quantities in this respect. The present work aims to try to regenerate the Juniperus thurefera via vegetative propagation. We studied the potential of cuttings to form adventitious roots and buds. Cuttings were taken from young subjects from 5 to 20 years treated with indole butyric acid (AIB) and planted out inside perlite under atomizer whose temperature and light are controlled. The results show that the rate of rooting is important and encourages the regeneration of this species through vegetative propagation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juniperus%20thurefera" title="juniperus thurefera">juniperus thurefera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indole%20butyric%20acid" title=" indole butyric acid"> indole butyric acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting" title=" cutting"> cutting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buds" title=" buds"> buds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rooting" title=" rooting"> rooting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31483/preliminary-study-of-the-potential-of-propagation-by-cuttings-of-juniperus-thurefera-in-aures-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Evaluation of Medicinal Plants, Catunaregam spinosa, Houttuynia cordata, and Rhapis excelsa from Malaysia for Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yik%20Sin%20Chan">Yik Sin Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bee%20Ling%20Chuah"> Bee Ling Chuah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Quan%20Chan"> Wei Quan Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ri%20Jin%20Cheng"> Ri Jin Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Hang%20Oon"> Yan Hang Oon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kong%20Soo%20Khoo"> Kong Soo Khoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nam%20Weng%20Sit"> Nam Weng Sit</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, medicinal plants have been used to treat different kinds of ailments including infectious diseases. They serve as a good source of lead compounds for the development of new and safer anti-infective agents. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potential of the leaves of three medicinal plants, namely Catunaregam spinosa (Rubiaceae; Mountain pomegranate), Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae; "fishy-smell herb") and Rhapis excelsa (Arecaceae; “broadleaf lady palm”). The leaves extracts were obtained by sequential extraction using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed using a colorimetric broth microdilution method against a panel of human pathogenic bacteria (Gram-positive: Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; Gram-negative: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (yeasts: Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans; Moulds: Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) respectively; while antiviral activity was evaluated against the Chikungunya virus on monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by neutral red uptake assay. All the plant extracts showed bacteriostatic activity, however, only 72% of the extracts (13/18) were found to have bactericidal activity. The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were given by the hexane extract of C. spinosa against S. aureus with the values of 0.16 and 0.31 mg/mL respectively. All the extracts also possessed fungistatic activity. Only the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of H. cordata exerted inhibitory activity against A. fumigatus, giving the lowest fungal susceptibility index of 16.7%. In contrast, only 61% of the extracts (11/18) showed fungicidal activity. The ethanol extract of R. excelsa exhibited the strongest fungicidal activity against C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and T. mentagrophytes with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 0.04–0.08 mg/mL, in addition to its methanol extract against T. mentagrophytes (MFC=0.02 mg/mL). For anti-Chikungunya virus activity, only chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of R. excelsa showed significant antiviral activity with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 29.9 and 78.1 g/mL respectively. Extracts of R. excelsa warrant further investigations into their active principles responsible for antifungal and antiviral properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bactericidal" title="bactericidal">bactericidal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chikungunya%20virus" title=" Chikungunya virus"> Chikungunya virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungicidal" title=" fungicidal"> fungicidal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12520/evaluation-of-medicinal-plants-catunaregam-spinosa-houttuynia-cordata-and-rhapis-excelsa-from-malaysia-for-antibacterial-antifungal-and-antiviral-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Extraction and Uses of Essential Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ram%20Prasad%20Baral">Ram Prasad Baral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large number of herb materials contain Essential Oils with extensive bioactivities. Acknowledging the importance of plants and its medicinal value, extraction of Essential Oil had been done using Steam Distillation method. In this project, Steam Distillation was used to extract oil from different plant materials like Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Artemisia Vulgaris L, Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don, Cymbopogon nardus L, Andropogon nardus, Cinnamomum tamala, Juniperus spp, Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous, Mantha Arvensia, Nardostachys Jatamansi, Wintergreen Essential Oil, and Valeriana Officinalis. Research has confirmed centuries of practical use of essential oils, and we now know that the 'fragrant pharmacy' contains compounds with an extremely broad range of biochemical effects. Essential oils are so termed as they are believed to represent the very essence of odor and flavor. The recovery of Essential Oil from the raw botanical starting material is very important since the quality of the oil is greatly influenced during this step. There is a variety of methods for obtaining volatile oils from plants. Steam distillation method was found to be one of the promising techniques for the extraction of essential oil from plants as reputable distiller will preserve the original qualities of the plant. The distillation was conducted in Clevenger apparatus in which boiling, condensing, and decantation was done. Analysis of essential oil was done using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer apparatus, which gives evaluates essential oil qualitatively and quantitatively. The volume of essential oil obtained was changing with respect to temperature and time of heating. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chamomilla%20recutita%20%28L.%29%20Rauschert" title="Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert">Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20Vulgaris%20L" title=" Artemisia Vulgaris L"> Artemisia Vulgaris L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhododendron%20anthopogon%20D.%20Don" title=" Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don"> Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopogon%20nardus%20L" title=" Cymbopogon nardus L"> Cymbopogon nardus L</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andropogon%20nardus" title=" Andropogon nardus"> Andropogon nardus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cinnamomum%20tamala" title=" Cinnamomum tamala"> Cinnamomum tamala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juniperus%20spp" title=" Juniperus spp"> Juniperus spp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cymbopohonflexuosus%20flexuous" title=" Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous"> Cymbopohonflexuosus flexuous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantha" title=" Mantha"> Mantha</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26780/extraction-and-uses-of-essential-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Investigating Sub-daily Responses of Water Flow of Trees in Tropical Successional Forests in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pantana%20Tor-Ngern">Pantana Tor-Ngern</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the global water cycle, tree water use (Tr) largely contributes to evapotranspiration which is the total amount of water evaporated from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere, regulating climates. Tree water use responds to environmental factors, including atmospheric humidity and sunlight (represented by vapor pressure deficit or VPD and photosynthetically active radiation or PAR, respectively) and soil moisture. In forests, Tr responses to such factors depend on species and their spatial and temporal variations. Tropical forests in Southeast Asia (SEA) have experienced land-use conversion from abandoned agricultural practices, resulting in patches of forests at different stages including old-growth and secondary forests. Because the inherent structures, such as canopy height and tree density, significantly vary among forests at different stages and can strongly affect their respective microclimate, Tr and its responses to changing environmental conditions in successional forests may differ. Daily and seasonal variations in the environmental factors may exert significant impacts on the respective Tr patterns. Extrapolating Tr data from short periods of days to longer periods of seasons or years can be complex and is important for estimating long-term ecosystem water use which often includes normal and abnormal climatic conditions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the diurnal variation of Tr, using measured sap flux density (JS) data, with changes in VPD in eight evergreen tree species in an old-growth forest (hereafter OF; >200 years old) and a young forest (hereafter YF, <10 years old) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. The studied species included Sysygium syzygoides, Aquilaria crassna, Cinnamomum subavenium, Nephelium melliferum, Altingia excelsa in OF, and Syzygium nervosum and Adinandra integerrima in YF. Only Sysygium antisepticum was found in both forest stages. Specifically, hysteresis, which indicates the asymmetrical changes of JS in response to changing VPD across daily timescale, was examined in these species. Results showed no hysteresis in all species in OF, except Altingia excelsa which exhibited a 3-hour delayed JS response to VPD. In contrast, JS of all species in YF displayed one-hour delayed responses to VPD. The OF species that showed no hysteresis indicated their well-coupling of their canopies with the atmosphere, facilitating the gas exchange which is essential for tree growth. The delayed responses in Altingia excelsa in OF and all species in YF were associated with higher JS in the morning than that in the afternoon. This implies that these species were sensitive to drying air, closing stomata relatively rapidly compared to the decreasing atmospheric humidity (VPD). Such behavior is often observed in trees growing in dry environments. This study suggests that detailed investigation of JS at sub-daily timescales is imperative for better understanding of mechanistic responses of trees to the changing climate, which will benefit the improvement of earth system models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sap%20flow" title="sap flow">sap flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20forest" title=" tropical forest"> tropical forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20succession" title=" forest succession"> forest succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20dissipcation%20probe" title=" thermal dissipcation probe"> thermal dissipcation probe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172751/investigating-sub-daily-responses-of-water-flow-of-trees-in-tropical-successional-forests-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Sustainable Wood Harvesting from Juniperus procera Trees Managed under a Participatory Forest Management Scheme in Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindaye%20Teshome">Mindaye Teshome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evaldo%20Mu%C3%B1oz%20Braz"> Evaldo Muñoz Braz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20M.%20M.%20Eleto%20Torres"> Carlos M. M. Eleto Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Mattos"> Patricia Mattos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable forest management planning requires up-to-date information on the structure, standing volume, biomass, and growth rate of trees from a given forest. This kind of information is lacking in many forests in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to quantify the population structure, diameter growth rate, and standing volume of wood from Juniperus procera trees in the Chilimo forest. A total of 163 sample plots were set up in the forest to collect the relevant vegetation data. Growth ring measurements were conducted on stem disc samples collected from 12 J. procera trees. Diameter and height measurements were recorded from a total of 1399 individual trees with dbh ≥ 2 cm. The growth rate, maximum current and mean annual increments, minimum logging diameter, and cutting cycle were estimated, and alternative cutting cycles were established. Using these data, the harvestable volume of wood was projected by alternating four minimum logging diameters and five cutting cycles following the stand table projection method. The results show that J. procera trees have an average density of 183 stems ha⁻¹, a total basal area of 12.1 m² ha⁻¹, and a standing volume of 98.9 m³ ha⁻¹. The mean annual diameter growth ranges between 0.50 and 0.65 cm year⁻¹ with an overall mean of 0.59 cm year⁻¹. The population of J. procera tree followed a reverse J-shape diameter distribution pattern. The maximum current annual increment in volume (CAI) occurred at around 49 years when trees reached 30 cm in diameter. Trees showed the maximum mean annual increment in volume (MAI) around 91 years, with a diameter size of 50 cm. The simulation analysis revealed that 40 cm MLD and a 15-year cutting cycle are the best minimum logging diameter and cutting cycle. This combination showed the largest harvestable volume of wood potential, volume increments, and a 35% recovery of the initially harvested volume. It is concluded that the forest is well stocked and has a large amount of harvestable volume of wood from J. procera trees. This will enable the country to partly meet the national wood demand through domestic wood production. The use of the current population structure and diameter growth data from tree ring analysis enables the exact prediction of the harvestable volume of wood. The developed model supplied an idea about the productivity of the J. procera tree population and enables policymakers to develop specific management criteria for wood harvesting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logging" title="logging">logging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20model" title=" growth model"> growth model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20cycle" title=" cutting cycle"> cutting cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20logging%20diameter" title=" minimum logging diameter"> minimum logging diameter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161513/sustainable-wood-harvesting-from-juniperus-procera-trees-managed-under-a-participatory-forest-management-scheme-in-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Element Content in Some Wild Amantia Taxa from Marmara Region, Turkey</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20H%C3%BCseyin%20Do%C4%9Fan">Hasan Hüseyin Doğan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murad%20Ayd%C4%B1n%20%C5%9Eanda"> Murad Aydın Şanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Element contents were analyzed in twelve wild Amanita taxa [A. caesarea (Scop.) Pers., A. citrina (Schaeff.) Pers., A. excelsa (Fr.) Bertill., A. franchetii (Boud.) Fayod, A. gemmata (Fr.) Bertill., A. mairei Foley, A. muscaria (L.) Lam., A. pantherina (DC.) Krombh., A. phalloides (Fr.) Link, A. rubescens Pers., A. vaginata (Bull.) Lam., and A. verna (Bull.) Lam.] from Marmara Region of Turkey by ICP-AES equipment. The element uptake levels were observed at different amounts in each Amanita species. The highest Pb and P concentrations were determined as 15.11 and 0.861 mg.kg-1 in A. caesarea. Fe, Co, As, Sr, Ca, Mg, Al and Na concentrations were determined as 0.832, 4.56, 15.6, 18.9, 0.44, 0.253 and 0.190 mg.kg-1 in A. gemmata respectively. A. muscaria has highest Mo, Th, Sb, V, Cr, and B concentrations as 1.45, 1.17, 1.06, 44, 75, and 7 mg.kg-1 respectively, whereas A. rubescens has highest Zn, Ba, K, S, and Se as 430.6, 65.7, 5.47, 1.16, 11.5 mg.kg-1 respectively. A. muscaria has highest Hg concentrations as 5855 µg.kg-1.The highest Mn concentration were found in A. pantherina with 1176 mg.kg-1, the highest Cd were found in A. phalloides as 10.77 mg.kg-1. In contrast to A. verna has highest Ag and Au content as 77728 and 192 µg.kg-1. Although A. citrina has only the highest Ni content as 75.9 mg.kg-1and A. vaginata has Cu content as 67.04 mg.kg-1 on the other hand A. phalloides has highest Cd concentrations as 10.77 mg.kg-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amanita" title="amanita">amanita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=element" title=" element"> element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrofungi" title=" macrofungi"> macrofungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turkey" title=" Turkey "> Turkey </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45237/element-content-in-some-wild-amantia-taxa-from-marmara-region-turkey" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Evaluation of the Gas Exchange Characteristics of Selected Plant Species of Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, UTHM</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunusa%20Audu">Yunusa Audu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alona%20Cuevas%20Linatoc"> Alona Cuevas Linatoc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Idris"> Aisha Idris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax), light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP), maximum photosynthesis (Amax), and apparent quantum yield (Aqy) are gas exchange characteristics that are derived from the carbon dioxide (CO2) and light response curves. This characteristics can be affected by the level of CO2 and light received by the plant. Moreover, the characteristics determines the photosynthetic capacity of the plant. The objective of the study is to evaluate the gas exchange characteristics of selected plant species of UTHM. Photosynthetic carbon dioxide (A\Ci) and light (A/Q) response curves were measured using portable photosynthesis system (LICOR). The results shows that both A/Ci and A/Q curves increases as CO2 and light increases, but reach to a certain point where the curves will become saturated. Spathodea campanulata was having the highest Vcmax (52.14±0.005 µmolCO2 m-2s-1), Jmax (104.461±0.011 µmolCO2 m-2s-1) and Aqy (0.072±0.001 mol CO2 mol-1 photons). The highest LCP was observed in Rhaphis excelsa (69.60±0.067 µmol photons m-2s-1) while the highest LSP was recorded for Costus spicatus (1576.69±0.173 µmol photons m-2s-1). It was concluded that the plants need high light intensity and CO2 for their maximum assimilation rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gas" title="Gas">Gas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co2" title=" Co2"> Co2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Exchange" title=" Exchange"> Exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plants" title=" Plants"> Plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189361/evaluation-of-the-gas-exchange-characteristics-of-selected-plant-species-of-universiti-tun-hussein-onn-malaysia-uthm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Ardanuç (Artvi̇n, Türki̇ye)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%96zg%C3%BCr%20Emi%CC%87na%C4%9Fao%C4%9Flu">Özgür Emi̇nağaoğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayal%20Akyildirim%20Be%C4%9Fen"> Hayal Akyildirim Beğen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eevval%20Sali%CC%87o%C4%9Flu"> Şevval Sali̇oğlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emrah%20Y%C3%BCksel"> Emrah Yüksel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out in order to determine the scientific name, common name, local names, location, botanical characteristics, used parts, intended use, local usage patterns, usage in the literature of plant species used for medicinal and aromatic purposes in Ardanuç (Artvin, Türkiye) between 2020-2023 years. The research area is located in the A9 square according to Davis’s grid system and is phytogeographically located in the colchic subsection of the Euxine part of the Euro-Siberian flora area of the Holarctic region. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that 167 plant species belonging to 79 families are used for medicinal and aromatic purposes. The families that contain the most taxa in the research area are, respectively, Rosaceae (19 taxa), Asterecaeae (15 taxa), and Lamiaceae (14 taxa). It has been determined that the medicinal, aromatic plants of the Ardanuç region are mostly used in the treatment of diseases (59%), and the plants are mostly used in the treatment of diabetes (37%). It was determined that the most applied method in the internal use of plants was decoction (48%). As a result of the research, the most commonly used plants in different diseases are Sambucus nigra, Plantago lanceolata, Satureja hortensis, Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis. These plants are used in the treatment of many diseases, such as colds, cancer, anemia and diabetes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ardanu%C3%A7" title="Ardanuç">Ardanuç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artvin" title=" Artvin"> Artvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medicinal%20and%20Aromatic%20plant" title=" Medicinal and Aromatic plant"> Medicinal and Aromatic plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T%C3%BCrkiye" title=" Türkiye"> Türkiye</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171408/medicinal-and-aromatic-plants-of-ardanuc-artvin-turkiye" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Congolese Wood in the Antwerp Interwar Interior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Jaenen">M. Jaenen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20de%20Bouw"> M. de Bouw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Verdonck"> A. Verdonck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Leus"> M. Leus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the interwar period artificial materials were often preferred, but many Antwerp architects relied on the application of wood for most of the interior finishing works and furnishings. Archival, literature and on site research of interwar suburban townhouses and the Belgian wood and furniture industry gave a new insight to the application of wood in the interwar interior. Many interwar designers favored the decorative values in all treatments of wood because of its warmth, comfort, good-wearing, and therefore, economic qualities. For the creation of a successful modern interior the texture and surface of the wood becomes as important as the color itself. This aesthetics valuation was the result of the modernization of the wood industry. The development of veneer and plywood gave the possibility to create strong, flat, long and plain wooden surfaces which are capable of retaining their shape. Also the modernization of cutting machines resulted in high quality and diversity in texture of veneer. The flat and plain plywood surfaces were modern decorated with all kinds of veneer-sliced options. In addition, wood species from the former Belgian Colony Congo were imported. Limba (<em>Terminalia superba</em>), kambala (<em>Chlorophora excelsa</em>), mubala (<em>Pentaclethra macrophylla</em>) and sapelli (<em>Entandrophragma cylindricum</em>) were used in the interior of many Antwerp interwar suburban town houses. From the thirties onwards Belgian wood firms established modern manufactures in Congo. There the local wood was dried, cut and prepared for exportation to the harbor of Antwerp. The presence of all kinds of strong and decorative Congolese wood products supported its application in the interwar interior design. The Antwerp architects combined them in their designs for doors, floors, stairs, built-in-furniture, wall paneling and movable furniture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congo" title=" congo"> congo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furniture" title=" furniture"> furniture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interwar" title=" interwar"> interwar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50425/congolese-wood-in-the-antwerp-interwar-interior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50425.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Radial Variation of Anatomical Characteristics in Three Native Fast-Growing Species Growing in South Kalimantan, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiwin%20Tyas%20Istikowati">Wiwin Tyas Istikowati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Futoshi%20Ishiguri"> Futoshi Ishiguri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haruna%20Aisho"> Haruna Aisho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Sutiya"> Budi Sutiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imam%20Wahyudi"> Imam Wahyudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuya%20Iizuka"> Kazuya Iizuka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shinso%20Yokota"> Shinso Yokota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this study was to investigate the anatomical characteristics of three native fast-growing species, terap (Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume), medang (Neolitsea latifolia (Blume) S. Moore), and balik angin (Alphitonia excelsa (Fenzel) Reissek ex Benth) growing in the secondary forest in South Kalimantan, Indonesia for evaluating the possibility of tree breeding for wood quality. Cell lengths were investigated for 5 trees in each species at several different height positions (1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 m above the ground). The mean values of fiber and vessel element lengths in terap, medang, and balik angin were 1.52 and 0.44, 1.16 and 0.53, and 1.02 and 0.49 mm, respectively. Fiber length in terap and balik angin gradually increased from pith to bark, whereas it increased up to 2 cm and then became nearly constant to the bark in medang. Vessel element length was almost constant from pith to bark in terap and balik angin, while slightly increased from pith to bark in medang. Fiber length in terap has a fluctuation pattern from ground level to top of the tree. It decreased up to 3 m above the ground, increased up to 5 m, and then decreased to the top of the tree. On the other hand, vessel element length slightly increased up to 5 m above the ground, and then decreased to the top of the tree. Both fiber and vessel element lengths in medang were almost constant from ground level to top of the tree, whereas decreased from ground level to top of the tree in balik angin. Significant difference at 1% level among trees was found in both fiber and vessel element length in both radial and longitudinal directions for terap and medang. Based on obtained results, it is concluded that the wood quality in fiber and vessel element lengths of terap and medang can be improved by tree breeding programs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anatomical%20properties" title="anatomical properties">anatomical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20length" title=" fiber length"> fiber length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vessel%20elements%20length" title=" vessel elements length"> vessel elements length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast-growing%20species" title=" fast-growing species"> fast-growing species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9225/radial-variation-of-anatomical-characteristics-in-three-native-fast-growing-species-growing-in-south-kalimantan-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Encapsulated Western Red Cedar (Thuja Plicata) Essential Oil as a Prospective Biopesticide against Phytophthora Pathogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20M.%20Radojkovi%C4%87">Aleksandar M. Radojković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jovana%20M.%20%C4%86irkovi%C4%87"> Jovana M. Ćirković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanja%20Z.%20Pera%C4%87"> Sanja Z. Perać</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jelena%20N.%20Jovanovi%C4%87"> Jelena N. Jovanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zorica%20M.%20Brankovi%C4%87"> Zorica M. Branković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slobodan%20D.%20Milanovi%C4%87"> Slobodan D. Milanović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Lj.%20Milenkovi%C4%87"> Ivan Lj. Milenković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jovan%20N.%20Dobrosavljevi%C4%87"> Jovan N. Dobrosavljević</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nemanja%20V.%20Simovi%C4%87"> Nemanja V. Simović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vanja%20M.%20Tadi%C4%87"> Vanja M. Tadić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20R.%20%C5%BDugi%C4%87"> Ana R. Žugić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Goran%20O.%20Brankovi%C4%87"> Goran O. Branković</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In many parts of the world, various Phytophthora species pose a serious threat to forests and crops. With the rapidly growing international trade in plants and the ongoing impacts of climate change, the harmful effects of plant pathogens of the genus Phytophthora are increasing, damaging the biodiversity and sustainability of forest ecosystems. This genus is one of the most destructive plant pathogens, causing the majority of fine root (66%) and collar rot diseases (90%) of woody plant species worldwide. Eco-friendly biopesticides, based on plant-derived products, such as essential oils (EOs), are one of the promising solutions to this problem. In this study, among three different EOs investigated (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl., Thuja plicata Donn ex D.Don and Juniperus communis L.), western red cedar (Thuja plicata) essential oil almost completely inhibited the growth of three Phytophthora species (P. plurivora Jung and Burgess, P. quercina Jung, and P. ×cambivora (Petri) Buisman) during seven days of exposure for the EO concentrations of 0.1% and 0.5% (v/v). To prolong the inhibiting effect, Thuja plicata EO was encapsulated into a biopolymer matrix consisting of a chitosan-gelatin mixture to form a water-in-oil emulsion. This approach allowed the prolonged effect of the essential oil by its slow release from the biopolymer matrix and protection of the active components from atmospheric influences. Thus, it was demonstrated that encapsulated Thuja plicata EO consisting of sustainable bioproducts is efficient in controlling of Phytophthora species and can be considered a means of protection in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsions" title="emulsions">emulsions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oils" title=" essential oils"> essential oils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytophthora" title=" phytophthora"> phytophthora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thuja%20plicata" title=" thuja plicata"> thuja plicata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171742/encapsulated-western-red-cedar-thuja-plicata-essential-oil-as-a-prospective-biopesticide-against-phytophthora-pathogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171742.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> The Role of Disturbed Dry Afromontane Forest of Ethiopia for Biodiversity Conservation and Carbon Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindaye%20Teshome">Mindaye Teshome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesibu%20Yahya"> Nesibu Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20Moreira%20Miquelino%20Eleto%20Torres"> Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20Manuel%20Villaa"> Pedro Manuel Villaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehari%20Alebachew"> Mehari Alebachew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arbagugu forest is one of the remnant dry Afromontane forests under severe anthropogenic disturbances in central Ethiopia. Despite this fact, up-to-date information is lacking about the status of the forest and its role in climate change mitigation. In this study, we evaluated the woody species composition, structure, biomass, and carbon stock in this forest. We employed a systematic random sampling design and established fifty-three sample plots (20 × 100 m) to collect the vegetation data. A total of 37 woody species belonging to 25 families were recorded. The density of seedlings, saplings, and matured trees were 1174, 101, and 84 stems ha-1, respectively. The total basal area of trees with DBH (diameter at breast height) ≥ 2 cm was 21.3 m2 ha-1. The characteristic trees of dry Afromontane Forest such as Podocarpus falcatus, Juniperus procera, and Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata exhibited a fair regeneration status. On the contrary, the least abundant species Lepidotrichilia volkensii, Canthium oligocarpum, Dovyalis verrucosa, Calpurnia aurea, and Maesa lanceolata exhibited good regeneration status. Some tree species such as Polyscias fulva, Schefflera abyssinica, Erythrina brucei, and Apodytes dimidiata lack regeneration. The total carbon stored in the forest ranged between 6.3 Mg C ha-1 and 835.6 Mg C ha-1. This value is equivalent to 639.6 Mg C ha-1. The forest had a very low number of woody species composition and diversity. The regeneration study also revealed that a significant number of tree species had unsatisfactory regeneration status. Besides, the forest had a lower carbon stock density compared with other dry Afromontane forests. This implies the urgent need for forest conservation and restoration activities by the local government, conservation practitioners, and other concerned bodies to maintain the forest and sustain the various ecosystem goods and services provided by the Arbagugu forest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aboveground%20biomass" title="aboveground biomass">aboveground biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20regeneration" title=" forest regeneration"> forest regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity%20conservation" title=" biodiversity conservation"> biodiversity conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restoration" title=" restoration"> restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161576/the-role-of-disturbed-dry-afromontane-forest-of-ethiopia-for-biodiversity-conservation-and-carbon-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Experimental Investigation on Strengthening of Timber Beam Using Glass Fibers and Steel Plates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sisaynew%20Tesfaw%20Admassu">Sisaynew Tesfaw Admassu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The strengthening of timber beams can be necessary for several reasons including the increase of live loads (possible in a historical building for a change of destination of use or upgrading to meet new requirements), the reduction of the resistant cross-sections following deterioration (attacks of biological agents such as fungi, and insects) or traumatic events (fires) and the excess of deflection in the members. The main purpose of strengthening an element is not merely to repair it, but also to prevent and minimize the appearance of future problems. This study did an experimental investigation on the behavior of reference and strengthened solid timber beams. The strengthening materials used in this study were CSM-450 glass fiber and steel materials for both flexural and shear strengthening techniques. Twenty-two solid timber beams of Juniperus procera (TID) species with the dimensions of 60 x 90 x 780 mm were used in the present study. The binding material to bond the strengthening materials with timber was general-purpose resin with Luperox® K10 MEKP catalyst. Three beams were used as control beams (unstrengthen beams) while the remaining nineteen beams were strengthened using the strengthening materials for flexure and shear. All the beams were tested for three points loading to failure by using a Universal Testing Machine, UTM-600kN machine. The experimental results showed that the strengthened beams performed better than the unstrengthen beams. The experimental result of flexural strengthened beams showed that the load-bearing capacity of strengthened beams increased between 16.34 – 42.55%. Four layers of Glass Fiber Reinforced polymer on the tension side of the beams was shown to be the most effective way to enhance load-bearing capacity. The strengthened beams also have an enhancement in their flexural stiffness. The stiffness of flexural strengthened beams was increased between 1.18 – 65.53% as compared to the control beams. The highest increment in stiffness has occurred on beams strengthened using 2x60 mm steel plates. The shear-strengthened beams showed a relatively small amount of performance as compared to flexural-strengthened beams; the reason is that the beams are sufficient for shear. The polyester resin used in the experimental work showed good performance in bonding agents between materials. The resin showed more effectiveness in GFRP materials than steel materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heritage%20structures" title="heritage structures">heritage structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stiffness" title=" stiffness"> stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive" title=" adhesive"> adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyester%20resin" title=" polyester resin"> polyester resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20plates" title=" steel plates"> steel plates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172985/experimental-investigation-on-strengthening-of-timber-beam-using-glass-fibers-and-steel-plates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Land Use, Land Cover Changes and Woody Vegetation Status of Tsimur Saint Gebriel Monastery, in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abraha%20Hatsey">Abraha Hatsey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesibu%20Yahya"> Nesibu Yahya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeje%20Eshete"> Abeje Eshete</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church has a long tradition of conserving the Church vegetation and is an area treated as a refugee camp for many endangered indigenous tree species in Northern Ethiopia. Though around 36,000 churches exist in Ethiopia, only a few churches have been studied so far. Thus, this study assessed the land use land cover change of 3km buffer (1986-2018) and the woody species diversity and regeneration status of Tsimur St. Gebriel monastery in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia. For vegetation study, systematic sampling was used with 100m spacing between plots and between transects. Plot size was 20m*20m for the main plot and 2 subplots (5m*5m each) for the regeneration study. Tree height, diameter at breast height(DBH) and crown area were measured in the main plot for all trees with DBH ≥ 5cm. In the subplots, all seedlings and saplings were counted with DBH < 5cm. The data was analyzed on excel and Pass biodiversity software for diversity and evenness analysis. The major land cover classes identified include bare land, farmland, forest, shrubland and wetland. The extents of forest and shrubland were declined considerably due to bare land and agricultural land expansions within the 3km buffer, indicating an increasing pressure on the church forest. Regarding the vegetation status, A total of 19 species belonging to 13 families were recorded in the monastery. The diversity (H’) and evenness recorded were 2.4 and 0.5, respectively. The tree density (DBH ≥ 5cm) was 336/ha and a crown cover of 65%. Olea europaea was the dominant (6.4m2/ha out of 10.5m2 total basal area) and a frequent species (100%) with good regeneration in the monastery. The rest of the species are less frequent and are mostly confined to water sources with good site conditions. Juniperus procera (overharvested) and the other indigenous species were with few trees left and with no/very poor regeneration status. The species having poor density, frequency and regeneration (Junperus procera, Nuxia congesta Fersen and Jasminium abyssinica) need prior conservation and enrichment planting. The indigenous species could also serve as a potential seed source for the reproduction and restoration of nearby degraded landscapes. The buffer study also demonstrated expansion of agriculture and bare land, which could be a threat to the forest of the isolated monastery. Hence, restoring the buffer zone is the only guarantee for the healthy existence of the church forest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=church%20forests" title="church forests">church forests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regeneration" title=" regeneration"> regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20change" title=" land use change"> land use change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20status" title=" vegetation status"> vegetation status</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138384/land-use-land-cover-changes-and-woody-vegetation-status-of-tsimur-saint-gebriel-monastery-in-tigray-region-northern-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138384.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">205</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Non-Timber Forest Products and Livelihood Linkages: A Case of Lamabagar, Nepal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhya%20Rijal">Sandhya Rijal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saroj%20Adhikari"> Saroj Adhikari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20R.%20Pant"> Ramesh R. Pant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) have attracted substantial interest in the recent years with the increasing recognition that these can provide essential community needs for improved and diversified rural livelihood and support the objectives of biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, various challenges are witnessed in their sustainable harvest and management. Assuming that sustainable management with community stewardship can offer one of the solutions to existing challenges, the study assesses the linkages between NTFPs and rural livelihood in Lamabagar village of Dolakha, Nepal. The major objective was to document the status of NTFPs and their contributions in households of Lamabagar. For status documentation, vegetation sampling was done using systematic random sampling technique. 30 plots of 10 m × 10 m were laid down in six parallel transect lines at horizontal distance of 160 m in two different community forests. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted in 76 households (excluding non-response rate) using stratified random sampling technique for contribution analysis. Likewise, key informant interview and focus group discussions were also conducted for data triangulations. 36 different NTFPs were recorded from the vegetation sample in two community forests of which 50% were used for medicinal purposes. The other uses include fodder, religious value, and edible fruits and vegetables. Species like <em>Juniperus indica, Daphne bholua Aconitum spicatum, </em>and<em> Lyonia ovalifolia</em> were frequently used for trade as a source of income, which was sold in local market. The protected species like <em>Taxus wallichiana</em> and <em>Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora</em> were also recorded in the area for which the trade is prohibited. The protection of these species urgently needs community stewardship. More than half of the surveyed households (55%) were depending on NTFPs for their daily uses, other than economic purpose whereas 45% of them sold those products in the market directly or in the form of local handmade products as a source of livelihood. NTFPs were the major source of primary health curing agents especially for the poor and unemployed people in the study area. Hence, the NTFPs contributed to livelihood under three different categories: subsistence, supplement income and emergency support, depending upon the economic status of the households. Although the status of forest improved after handover to the user group, the availability of valuable medicinal herbs like <em>Rhododendron anthopogon, Swertia nervosa, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora</em>, and <em>Aconitum spicatum</em> were declining. Inadequacy of technology, lack of easy transport access, and absence of good market facility were the major limitations for external trade of NTFPs in the study site. It was observed that people were interested towards conservation only if they could get some returns: economic in terms of rural settlements. Thus, the study concludes that NTFPs could contribute rural livelihood and support conservation objectives only if local communities are provided with the easy access of technology, market and capital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contribution" title="contribution">contribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal" title=" medicinal"> medicinal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsistence" title=" subsistence"> subsistence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20harvest" title=" sustainable harvest"> sustainable harvest</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103418/non-timber-forest-products-and-livelihood-linkages-a-case-of-lamabagar-nepal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Increasing Prevalence of Multi-Allergen Sensitivities in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in Eastern India </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujoy%20Khan">Sujoy Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a rising concern with increasing allergies affecting both adults and children in rural and urban India. Recent report on adults in a densely populated North Indian city showed sensitization rates for house dust mite, parthenium, and cockroach at 60%, 40% and 18.75% that is now comparable to allergy prevalence in cities in the United States. Data from patients residing in the eastern part of India is scarce. A retrospective study (over 2 years) was done on patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma where allergen-specific IgE levels were measured to see the aero-allergen sensitization pattern in a large metropolitan city of East India. Total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels were measured using ImmunoCAP (Phadia 100, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sweden) using region-specific aeroallergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (d1); Dermatophagoides farinae (d2); cockroach (i206); grass pollen mix (gx2) consisted of Cynodon dactylon, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Sorghum halepense, Paspalum notatum; tree pollen mix (tx3) consisted of Juniperus sabinoides, Quercus alba, Ulmus americana, Populus deltoides, Prosopis juliflora; food mix 1 (fx1) consisted of Peanut, Hazel nut, Brazil nut, Almond, Coconut; mould mix (mx1) consisted of Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium herbarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternate; animal dander mix (ex1) consisted of cat, dog, cow and horse dander; and weed mix (wx1) consists of Ambrosia elatior, Artemisia vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata, Chenopodium album, Salsola kali, following manufacturer’s instructions. As the IgE levels were not uniformly distributed, median values were used to represent the data. 92 patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma (united airways disease) were studied over 2 years including 21 children (age < 12 years) who had total IgE and allergen-specific IgE levels measured. The median IgE level was higher in 2016 than in 2015 with 60% of patients (adults and children) being sensitized to house dust mite (dual positivity for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae). Of 11 children in 2015, whose total IgE ranged from 16.5 to >5000 kU/L, 36% of children were polysensitized (≥4 allergens), and 55% were sensitized to dust mites. Of 10 children in 2016, total IgE levels ranged from 37.5 to 2628 kU/L, and 20% were polysensitized with 60% sensitized to dust mites. Mould sensitivity was 10% in both of the years in the children studied. A consistent finding was that ragweed sensitization (molecular homology to Parthenium hysterophorus) appeared to be increasing across all age groups, and throughout the year, as reported previously by us where 25% of patients were sensitized. In the study sample overall, sensitizations to dust mite, cockroach, and parthenium were important risks in our patients with moderate to severe asthma that reinforces the importance of controlling indoor exposure to these allergens. Sensitizations to dust mite, cockroach and parthenium allergens are important predictors of asthma morbidity not only among children but also among adults in Eastern India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aAeroallergens" title="aAeroallergens">aAeroallergens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asthma" title=" asthma"> asthma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20mite" title=" dust mite"> dust mite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parthenium" title=" parthenium"> parthenium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhinitis" title=" rhinitis"> rhinitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77943/increasing-prevalence-of-multi-allergen-sensitivities-in-patients-with-allergic-rhinitis-and-asthma-in-eastern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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