CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "dl.acm.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e96c75aaac1cdf6',cH: 'AFim8_Z2qNrf.ndRlLZjvcwxI.ufxVjVlbvwEhqY.GU-1732759377-1.2.1.1-RnbAoAA8TUvUNK5CvVTGvp7Vc.cA0xYVlsSQprqsO7NqtOMX_xEha4SwI9O.rx5r',cUPMDTk: "\/citation.cfm?id=20143.20149&__cf_chl_tk=NWpswC1ea9Tr7QBsIpyyJFXbSFXYMCaJmVpgZfKz8w4-1732759377-1.0.1.1-4X9zkKe0MyrvpiXclT4cmiuRn6QQ2PykMYHk3.n8Xig",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732759377',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/citation.cfm?id=20143.20149&__cf_chl_f_tk=NWpswC1ea9Tr7QBsIpyyJFXbSFXYMCaJmVpgZfKz8w4-1732759377-1.0.1.1-4X9zkKe0MyrvpiXclT4cmiuRn6QQ2PykMYHk3.n8Xig",md: "qsQ_VbkoyVwhGDB1MBmHXLHByaY75smGlA4RrFyPPKc-1732759377-1.2.1.1-nz7VvgjZ9OlLKCrKy5hpeqwUSjC5qZiEsVk3iERiGFR73XIrCf9C8_Toc_DLywr8BwVvuVtERlQZEUsxspgyTCtBivRwK5oSXTBrH21iRoGsPbflQa.H3YV6cAoiYQYaeECD.RbpAulG6nA6seQG.viG6clt14srhjmeFP4qaBJtR62DEOXOQKviu.KTAaH1bTo5xdyK01dWxbs2Ro_mYeZ2EemEA_apUeXDJz9RrouzyA_EcsamluKl5aKPhRre41PkY_UG0yuOXaAabuE2WwECR4nm6glBRfyS5ohXVNztNpCZFato8lewh8JdnGCxlYr4x1T2C19h1eyUenmCINNG_8LTclXJEK85SseDQ0Bgefh4HrF21PdjqBU3liWgrR44f60.KOZ7jK.c_ErdRLZz3H_nlXBBpdX8_T8HwDANJ5d1PLpvI5tpgdb6jQ6_Nu.GznGoxhqppIgMpNEY36nkIDk7j8XxsA7Nn41C4oojwejxS2nBwy97H1irNI8oYvhFCn55EryoF8Xn7wkO58O0uToBeH7NC1aFWnFfPQp0RJWFJuiCvT3SLHX04BkLZMxJ8Aknrfn5SQOmXcIJzfhRXIYc1esRO9OZm.7IQNydBz23qfJAgUIzL6P0Fo_pVHJrTs6Bjdz.8BKvtpuuZVRVwN4eh2bAY9zz.COBzYxfaMSswebc8lXb36F1Tjpyg8UQgUCXpYwqI8VVx3ucWZ2_.f7IGu00IjPy9F5IjAuWwNT1klOma6TpMGvvaN_jbOvVspFW0msbwlKQp5tXqcQe4A4z3voemZUsnpOpWo21uw1eZTaWJ22azdUHd6Xm2KZlfTRNL9dc.H5wYbEzt2LdR3hrfstQ1rgrwwyOWv5QyTAKLH3nykNu66twpGWqIKClmy7ZfTzJ3fcypO66B4ao94.jHRnFB9N7iQxHpBhcg3uX4sN29.Moa58CBNBSBIeq2Tb7h_RuXQVcCfi5.CqPIkKc.HxthTM5kIG0mY2c28xw2JaGVlEN9cOEkx8TaTPA1Mi0GJXEB9_yMWE2iB3xT8f.dSbWWowPQvFYQW.81ydBgnfiDgggFP6gkNmAUWR1RfoykPMJ9dHBspBO2NYZBDqoteVk07MtWMBItC3pD58jZEoLDWmyDue9hfcaAUul4xg7Mfrigv2yUXafXLXJ2nNQAR.fUu8apz4MndDiOGxpUSddsPDOGZHpGROhigOKpu0LKhi1dXk5CseFejMIcHEgd_OVX01CxMxBcEsZwEtbUDqpY58rEmPs4sqzjFTqpABWX3IglfR71UtK9vkBn2AqmDvMXhPjsFKOV0h6BHSQE.VpXbmqdwl28RStCrnmqzwkxca9zN6DXLo2hLCHLEm7WLWiPkkwJSjaPf3w0L9_tyZ_Fmq8lgMoC8sUds_7GTyAydOxr7yWtANWgShzG6Fy7EXeObJfUcxC4lGC4UbxM7s7zpjP0mTI1BBQIX0wK6eL6Lqg.RsEv83HO9DmQDpRL0Pd6qbbJHFCP0nQBMu4T3szleHmmjjFGW03hHsYuD02iQ2jD0WGUahtLijqDq9M0eqDfh_5t92GKtoFu1NM3sf5p7cGpMl6hGjTRQZ7bW4g2u.xWuwKRz9LABIIcvQH8YMklea8Hh17l0lQd7_l20aI3X62sHcnj64ASDQoBpRPTSJZMcXPTNRIlyfsMj2ZCsooqfCqvK4KTOVrXtz_Z8iQUMdEgZL4l6vhfgb4mxe97fcbg2O2APIcwTz8CyOWHsncBsjulMyMzEt3FEbUo2u2.bEpNNCybSMH0Q1SjZE4t_gMnT..r4JmAmahUeYL5AwwDrKT7HWaqtmNpZ5jf3MeE3kk7FZnvM1yzO4C2QMOMUIIa_tBkj7F7n_4GplskvrwiuXiJvVKDP4Hg_G60mBNaxi9EfJOl2TIaaZdKrOhvwdWvRqe5cxAF8mlTy.lqe4HL_KghveZnH7qWcLDUJ1UBaKg8lGu8spv2JbPODxrmr9kH4TsMSa1vz6qtxn6flcxZAAZh1q.cyy743lppxcuo5JiJokn7m_Tr2hiw3kVe1dpyJx8FwW9X40uOHC0uR5Ejg.o50cMRJIvnP2nCZaQwN0Y_valW07XdAvhNn80ocX8rB16iVy1lhB_QFBN.3Olf8WDoi9B4sivJxDvgcsSSDQi.K4R6TjmcVNCe3BMM4GUHoo6FNBnxj3nVjP10A_uP4bscXfYgYTaDJre_aEu9dKfyPTmYd9m.v272vhHn498xTrj7lULyEF_Wxe6aBeUaDgsoj1mCAsv7o9ujK9B0oZ1iMU2hwdJooxNFRfRXvfX6aFtmN1ii.z1ZLclWSxIBqFdiiFlEEaWf_fx45yWE2s0OPv0iGeB.a5I5Pomx2FX84acP7yyc1SL_iFbLa5dNLY15ThskWgSKTnJp2SzQI2soxsXgANk0RGOZRB97RM8taQBWHRxX.MbNFOrWp_pD8gPVGaJA1JRULYi59SJvd6cLRnVKSyK1l5n0vTQ1Y6FsGZciro7PhrX4KYHstH1cfwqRn5j1jbBNUkqCXuuyxdu64no8WmnoqGKSFgzlQWkL5xOz6MZAjYD2S9KBfw0eTAQfdq2G5I_YZXf3Jw3ktbAqoGYOARxG_67pA_D0XYiZpdJP0ZhXai323UEN3Oko7fLM8vAuNrG.1VD37SB_ky2g7piM1PLt1qGFKlPToTI3fSK.t.nJjaaopLJ6ZOxH6EXar.B_f2sBTQLkQo4kwa_Ryt2SBQ1fNQBfTaUDpF7C0VVy9zrcaEVGk9C5HaXzyPX1U0W3M0sQqa.lEDPfpmcIX9xv1Ssml0Z5vUabt4AztefddGBLNQsGq7yyRB2oZ2kortv8dwf0yMMGE_3VZeomu5gQ5BsULAKj3jHNBTcyB5uxyuNSEdZL8oq5az4lGPHCt5NeiwYUnDQla2MWcumJ0KbQyTatMCLDD3DFyl3lVgoJQRqb_tfRCw1pt2HyPkXlshHimk7tbBfC.arPgZQlaR8THbU",mdrd: "g6ieh.qYCEVwX1F5NGDq5r.QBNa2mRP6rehJgdVL4_I-1732759377-1.2.1.1-soqrReMbSfKwVBuzDB2nMBytx0TQVgsgXMRPNTbE0Gbfaw.GMLMIRm0hCERMawieNObHqDC16wKlxJ7pz0yolJSEimQsQwUQ0FNdEqsZozL5yUdiPCD5vv600PQ8ddFOIeLNwZhm0JU96zkJWHxhmbE6ZFaPloMpfmYQOi4rrdlKs5eFX5f_JNZrZ1tT34vQOkqFVi8eyQ1gPEjRb.H6v8tguMEaLg0WcvN6Of0.U_DmzzL6WjpJpvAq8EQnBF7c43GhfjVG_TNatARsdDIoemy7DWJEqObkNOG5tVv6FgTZW587YFOZ5o3KtMdy9ocsOX0UbDF5GKRkQchbJgmQBVr2y3HmZUB7pnhII6faIeXmVcIW5oQUos0Sf56GLCyiWexZyA2NnRVqegn8HiB6Us_oCv_0Zh56l5RfUzDflpUrTYmWbVvg3eTU.Ua.xVcBspbbMXHCyQcgIlzkJKhvAU83fq9hNfc4scgxVl_Rb5eDOcDD268hjIW8_Ne_CGckjkpbkTSxRlpORHjsDSO_RpKG5KH6_RAq.4ZXc6CY8IMrr9bCzBRU47S1PUmQM09ojU_Uj5Slz5squ5GTosE0.1Gtju59l3JNQDfd2sOuJnoCdQpEMXs7Tny0t842v49KJjYOQ1pSjNeg5s7SD1v1h3KyjmWWATY9vsc.o9.lcD.3rk_V4zz0JCiZ0OjXDEKNPvo2t7_YRTL7DTNud2j66XUc75AXqEADNH9UDXIw3W2Hu9J63Ie9McIs76jJEBqOFeybomPNtL.wEldjGZbYeJS8f.FbaCk9yUw2ueg9om8lAvKQdGlY_Hs6t.TI5Z2HMDJRhM6grM62r2tOPYBhvQ6.77LLZ_iSF8ZaJMke590NK7lRtnqKa1f3K95j6FPPSMaM9t4NNJ8b8gtbeH3aKqDSW4BRkGqI0n.3xQtIF81miIFrrk0KHEELNrq67ICknFMpzSAC2ncrM9LoisKjUcs8szeyN2zrMShR3IVbmZDq9RlxjUU0FJDIFmoHLnzTxWMYMFxTiUEy8SGnzRHxGabrpzE8JGzqu8wzpvYmw1OhalpIgbGEf62c7x62Hc.NqojcftZJWnoakGbrWSWLoDMVsQp7VSWB7PF2cpyioGkiKMeGPoEqoQx6MMLGUNSnFp7eXsUvQscjD5CsIL.00YclundQcEjIRXmSwAczzy0NIDQ56mw4HQWysy5k3eZ8HoYWdkto4GaJ7YR7.fhbhOIKRKjY_SIJF5s4donl3kYUyK0D8NwhdnF6jBKw1Coohsv0tfJ3QP9_bX7txiecpK1NqKsCUxIjhCvNMPQwJWFGvH3hV5v1VzsDlCJWssPFvZUJZ7SQjHaebVptBIdojH55jzvLBnsjVFJT92bqMvUGX8pDepyGxhNPgtJSjz.UpIjvADjUZUJxGjMLRjttNCdoGoS_LtM4Lt9VBqzI41uAsk7SPeQWlxBb9QwGDMnFG.p5vGRZo5LEDEs71CxHPVGKpX6spKJuvpDHQASN3Y6PfigrFdrpwB8i1LhrYTD9seGUvf4qn2o8vP0eqCK5uerUE2g8a5Y9C8bXNZG.c6uoyyDjmGSqm1pvdzcM.co5kx3VoeFt9FmJqb8fLvKGS_i8fOq3Ho9EVZBvn6l3iODHAdD8L.f_2LIdHvZkuHvvzqvlzC3Zp1KzITMvEmqC_qn7uBsmKST.z13WzE0G188aizAh9umJcWogUeW.wjGuSZKDeqCaZaDfjGs4xq_ygluyBouGvVJAtMrLJSSd..CCbWWjLG5_aMXn0gVWFcZE1lqSgxDvlOU4zRfYbwSP51ZciFXmDdMyGPmTzgYJ8MZ2.SehoFZEEDh_B_8imt7EBeQYHIrZMA4Le0ZMmltSZgd6YcSlm2eYxsD_A27r5eW5HR1ViI..XQQHghRGZJzgJSalNRyUjMHd0vJHKt4OLg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e96c75aaac1cdf6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/citation.cfm?id=20143.20149&__cf_chl_rt_tk=NWpswC1ea9Tr7QBsIpyyJFXbSFXYMCaJmVpgZfKz8w4-1732759377-1.0.1.1-4X9zkKe0MyrvpiXclT4cmiuRn6QQ2PykMYHk3.n8Xig" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>