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Curium: The mineralogy of Curium

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It is possible that some curium and other transuranic elements were created in the natural nuclear reactor in <a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/loc-1749.html">Oklo, Gabon</a>.<br/> </td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="2">General Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Symbol:</th><td>Cm</td></tr><tr><th>Atomic Number:</th><td>96</td></tr><tr><th>Standard atomic weight (A<sub>r</sub>):</th><td>[247] </td></tr><tr><th>Electron configuration:</th><td>[<a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radon">Rn</a>] 5f<sup>7</sup> 6d<sup>1</sup> 7s<sup>2</sup></td></tr></table><script> var hpicarr = new Array(); var hpicdesc = new Array(); var hpicid = new Array(); var hpicnt = 0; hpicarr.push("06399290014448572007644.jpg"); hpicdesc.push("A piece of curium"); hpicid.push("711022"); function hpnext() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt++; if(hpicnt==1) hpicnt=0; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } function hpprev() { $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeOut(400); hpicnt--; if(hpicnt<0) hpicnt=0; $("#elepic_"+hpicnt).fadeIn(400); $("#elephotodesc").html(hpicdesc[hpicnt]); $("#elephotoblock a").attr('href','/photo-'+hpicid[hpicnt]+'.html'); } </script><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="3">Photos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><div id="elephotoblock"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/photo-711022.html"><img id="elepic_0" style="display: block;" src="/web/20161026073654im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/element_head_06399290014448572007644.jpg" alt=""/></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><div id="elephotodesc">A piece of curium</div></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Atomic Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Electronegativity (Pauling scale):</th><td>1.3</td></tr><tr><th>Atomic Radius:</th><td>174 pm</td></tr><tr><th>Ionic Radius:</th><td>97 pm (+3)</td></tr><tr><th>1st Ionization energy:</th><td>581 kJ/mol</td></tr><tr><th>Oxidation States:</th><td>3,4</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Physical Properties</th></tr><tr><th>Standard State:</th><td>solid</td></tr><tr><th>Bonding Type:</th><td>metallic</td></tr><tr><th>Melting Point:</th><td>1618 K</td></tr><tr><th>Boiling Point:</th><td>3383 K</td></tr><tr><th>Density:</th><td>13.51 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th>Metal/Non-Metal:</th><td>actinoid</td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main isotopes of Curium</th></tr><tr><th>Isotope</th><th>% in Nature</th><th>Half Life</th><th>Decay type</th><th>Decay product</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>242</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="2">synthetic</td><td rowspan="2">160d</td><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>α</td><td><sup>238</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><sup>243</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="3">synthetic</td><td rowspan="3">29.1y</td><td>α</td><td><sup>239</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td>ε</td><td><sup>243</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Americium">Am</a></td></tr><tr><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>244</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="2">synthetic</td><td rowspan="2">18.1y</td><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>α</td><td><sup>240</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>245</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="2">synthetic</td><td rowspan="2">8500y</td><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>α</td><td><sup>241</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>246</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="2">synthetic</td><td rowspan="2">4730y</td><td>α</td><td><sup>242</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1"><sup>247</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="1">synthetic</td><td rowspan="1">1.46x10<sup>7</sup>y</td><td>α</td><td><sup>234</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2"><sup>248</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="2">synthetic</td><td rowspan="2">3.4x10<sup>5</sup>y</td><td>α</td><td><sup>244</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"><sup>250</sup>Cm</td><td rowspan="3">synthetic</td><td rowspan="3">9000y</td><td>Spontaneous fission</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>α</td><td><sup>246</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">Pu</a></td></tr><tr><td>β−</td><td><sup>250</sup><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Berkelium">Bk</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2" colspan="5">Main ions of Curium</th></tr><tr><th>Name</th><th>Ion</th><th>Example minerals</th></tr><tr><td>curium(II)</td><td><span class="newformula">Cm<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">2+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>curium(III)</td><td><span class="newformula">Cm<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">3+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>curium(IV)</td><td><span class="newformula">Cm<sub class="newformsub newformabs"></sub><sup class="newformsup">4+</sup></span></td><td></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50 th2"><tr><th colspan="2" class="eleh2">Other Information</th></tr><tr><th>Year Discovered:</th><td>1944</td></tr><tr><th>Discovered By:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/photo-711153.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20161026073654im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-02227530014449408661414.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Glenn T. Seaborg</b></div></div><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/photo-711154.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20161026073654im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-09755160014449410963282.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Albert Ghiorso</b></div></div><br><br>Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso</td></tr><tr><th>Named For:</th><td><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/photo-258089.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20161026073654im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-0741451001255964263.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Pierre Curie</b></div></div><div class="userbigpicture " style="margin: auto; width: 245px;"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/photo-257060.html"><img width="245" src="/web/20161026073654im_/http://www.mindat.org/arphotos/245-0760543001255619310.jpg"></a><div class="userbigpicturecomment"><b>Marie Skłodowska Curie</b></div></div><br><br>Marie Sklodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie</td></tr><tr><th>External Links:</th><td><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnL3dpa2kvQ3VyaXVt">Wikipedia</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cud2ViZWxlbWVudHMuY29tL2N1cml1bS8%3D">WebElements</a><a target="_blank" style="display: block" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3BlcmlvZGljLmxhbmwuZ292Lzk2LnNodG1s">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a><a target="_blank" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/click.php?enc=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5wZXJpb2RpY3RhYmxlLmNvbS9FbGVtZW50cy8wOTYvaW5kZXguaHRtbA%3D%3D">Theodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com</a></td></tr></table><table class="mindattable ele50" id="elementabundance"><tr> <th colspan="4" class="eleh2">Simple Compounds</th></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="2">Fluorides</th><td>curium trifluoride</td><td><span>CmF<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td></tr><tr><td>curium tetrafluoride</td><td><span>CmF<sub>4</sub></span></td><td>+4</td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Chlorides</th><td>curium trichloride</td><td><span>CmCl<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="1">Iodides</th><td>curium triiodide</td><td><span>CmI<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td></tr><tr><th class="hidephone" rowspan="3">Oxides</th><td>curium oxide</td><td><span>CmO</span></td><td>+2</td></tr><tr><td>curium dioxide</td><td><span>CmO<sub>2</sub></span></td><td>+4</td></tr><tr><td>dicurium trioxide</td><td><span>Cm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></td><td>+3</td></tr><table class="mindattable ele50"><tr><th class="eleh2">Periodic Table</th></tr><tr><td><div id="chemtdesc"></div> <table class="chemtablesmall"> <tr> <td rowspan="11"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="H" title="Hydrogen" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hydrogen">1<b>H</b></a></td> <td colspan="16"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="He" title="Helium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Helium">2<b>He</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Li" title="Lithium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lithium">3<b>Li</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Be" title="Beryllium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Beryllium">4<b>Be</b></a></td> <td></td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2"> <input checked name="hideshow" id="hideshow" type="checkbox"/><label for="hideshow">Show/hide current element</label> </td> <td class="elem"><a name="B" title="Boron" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Boron">5<b>B</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="C" title="Carbon" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Carbon">6<b>C</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="N" title="Nitrogen" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nitrogen">7<b>N</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="O" title="Oxygen" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Oxygen">8<b>O</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="F" title="Fluorine" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fluorine">9<b>F</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ne" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neon" title="Neon">10<b>Ne</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Na" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sodium" title="Sodium">11<b>Na</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mg" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">12<b>Mg</b></a></td> <td></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Al" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">13<b>Al</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Si" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silicon" title="Silicon">14<b>Si</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="P" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">15<b>P</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="S" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">16<b>S</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cl" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">17<b>Cl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ar" title="Argon" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Argon">18<b>Ar</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="K" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Potassium" title="Potassium">19<b>K</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ca" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Calcium" title="Calcium">20<b>Ca</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sc" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Scandium" title="Scandium">21<b>Sc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ti" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Titanium" title="Titanium">22<b>Ti</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="V" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">23<b>V</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cr" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Chromium" title="Chromium">24<b>Cr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mn" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Manganese" title="Manganese">25<b>Mn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fe" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iron" title="Iron">26<b>Fe</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Co" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">27<b>Co</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ni" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nickel" title="Nickel">28<b>Ni</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cu" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copper" title="Copper">29<b>Cu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zn" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zinc" title="Zinc">30<b>Zn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ga" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gallium" title="Gallium">31<b>Ga</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ge" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Germanium" title="Germanium">32<b>Ge</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="As" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">33<b>As</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Se" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Selenium" title="Selenium">34<b>Se</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Br" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bromine" title="Bromine">35<b>Br</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Kr" title="Krypton" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Krypton">36<b>Kr</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Rb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">37<b>Rb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sr" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Strontium" title="Strontium">38<b>Sr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Y" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">39<b>Y</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Zr" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">40<b>Zr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Niobium" title="Niobium">41<b>Nb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mo" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">42<b>Mo</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tc" title="Technetium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Technetium">43<b>Tc</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ru" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">44<b>Ru</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rh" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">45<b>Rh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pd" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Palladium" title="Palladium">46<b>Pd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ag" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Silver" title="Silver">47<b>Ag</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cd" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">48<b>Cd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="In" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Indium" title="Indium">49<b>In</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sn" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tin" title="Tin">50<b>Sn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Antimony" title="Antimony">51<b>Sb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Te" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">52<b>Te</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="I" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iodine" title="Iodine">53<b>I</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Xe" title="Xenon" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Xenon">54<b>Xe</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Cs" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Caesium" title="Caesium">55<b>Cs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ba" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Barium" title="Barium">56<b>Ba</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="La" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">57<b>La</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hf" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">72<b>Hf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ta" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">73<b>Ta</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="W" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">74<b>W</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Re" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">75<b>Re</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Os" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Osmium" title="Osmium">76<b>Os</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ir" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Iridium" title="Iridium">77<b>Ir</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pt" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Platinum" title="Platinum">78<b>Pt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Au" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gold" title="Gold">79<b>Au</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hg" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mercury" title="Mercury">80<b>Hg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tl" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thallium" title="Thallium">81<b>Tl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lead" title="Lead">82<b>Pb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bi" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">83<b>Bi</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Po" title="Polonium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Polonium">84<b>Po</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="At" title="Astatine" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Astatine">85<b>At</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rn" title="Radon" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radon">86<b>Rn</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="elem"><a name="Fr" title="Francium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Francium">87<b>Fr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ra" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Radium" title="Radium">88<b>Ra</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ac" title="Actinium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Actinium">89<b>Ac</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rf" title="Rutherfordium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Rutherfordium">104<b>Rd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Db" title="Dubnium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dubnium">105<b>Db</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sg" title="Seaborgium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Seaborgium">106<b>Sg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bh" title="Bohrium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Bohrium">107<b>Bh</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Hs" title="Hassium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Hassium">108<b>Hs</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Mt" title="Meitnerium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Meitnerium">109<b>Mt</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ds" title="Darmstadtium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Darmstadtium">110<b>Ds</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Rg" title="Roentgenium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Roentgenium">111<b>Rg</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cn" title="Copernicium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Copernicium">112<b>Cn</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uut" title="Ununtrium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununtrium">113<b>Uut</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fl" title="Flerovium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Flerovium">114<b>Fl</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uup" title="Ununpentium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununpentium">115<b>Uup</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lv" title="Livermorium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Livermorium">116<b>Lv</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uus" title="Ununseptium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununseptium">117<b>Uus</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Uuo" title="Ununoctium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ununoctium">118<b>Uuo</b></a></td> </tr><tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ce" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Cerium" title="Cerium">58<b>Ce</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pr" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">59<b>Pr</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Nd" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">60<b>Nd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pm" title="Promethium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Promethium">61<b>Pm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Sm" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Samarium" title="Samarium">62<b>Sm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Eu" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Europium" title="Europium">63<b>Eu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Gd" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">64<b>Gd</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Terbium" title="Terbium">65<b>Tb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Dy" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">66<b>Dy</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Ho" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Holmium" title="Holmium">67<b>Ho</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Er" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Erbium" title="Erbium">68<b>Er</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Tm" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thulium" title="Thulium">69<b>Tm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Yb" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">70<b>Yb</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lu" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">71<b>Lu</b></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Th" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Thorium" title="Thorium">90<b>Th</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pa" title="Protactinium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Protactinium">91<b>Pa</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="U" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Uranium" title="Uranium">92<b>U</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Np" title="Neptunium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Neptunium">93<b>Np</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Pu" title="Plutonium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Plutonium">94<b>Pu</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Am" title="Americium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Americium">95<b>Am</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cm" title="Curium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Curium">96<b>Cm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Bk" title="Berkelium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Berkelium">97<b>Bk</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Cf" title="Californium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Californium">98<b>Cf</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Es" title="Einsteinium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Einsteinium">99<b>Es</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Fm" title="Fermium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Fermium">100<b>Fm</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Md" title="Mendelevium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Mendelevium">101<b>Md</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="No" title="Nobelium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Nobelium">102<b>No</b></a></td> <td class="elem"><a name="Lr" title="Lawrencium" href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Lawrencium">103<b>Lr</b></a></td> </tr> </table> <script> var permode = "Default"; var peropts = { "Default": { "key": { "Listed in minerals": "#fcfcfc", "Not listed": "#ccc" }, "desc": [ "<h2>Periodic Table<\/h2>Click on any element to navigate to the page on that element. Click on a button below the table to view other data mapped to this table view. This view simply shows all elements that are listed in a mineral formula in mindat.org. 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"Ne": "#ccc", "Na": "#b0d779", "Mg": "#d7d679", "Al": "#d7d679", "Si": "#797fd7", "P": "#79b7d7", "S": "#79d79c", "Cl": "#b0d779", "Ar": "#ccc", "K": "#d7d679", "Ca": "#d79f79", "Sc": "#d7d679", "Ti": "#b0d779", "V": "#b0d779", "Cr": "#79d79c", "Mn": "#79b7d7", "Fe": "#79d79c", "Co": "#b0d779", "Ni": "#b0d779", "Cu": "#d7d679", "Zn": "#d79f79", "Ga": "#d7d679", "Ge": "#797fd7", "As": "#79b7d7", "Se": "#79d79c", "Br": "#b0d779", "Kr": "#d79f79", "Rb": "#d7d679", "Sr": "#d79f79", "Y": "#d7d679", "Zr": "#d7d679", "Nb": "#b0d779", "Mo": "#79d79c", "Tc": "#79b7d7", "Ru": "#79d79c", "Rh": "#b0d779", "Pd": "#d79f79", "Ag": "#d7d679", "Cd": "#d79f79", "In": "#d7d679", "Sn": "#797fd7", "Sb": "#79b7d7", "Te": "#79d79c", "I": "#b0d779", "Xe": "#d79f79", "Cs": "#d7d679", "Ba": "#d79f79", "La": "#d79f79", "Ce": "#d79f79", "Pr": "#d79f79", "Nd": "#d79f79", "Pm": "#d7797b", "Sm": "#d79f79", "Eu": "#d79f79", "Gd": "#d7d679", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#d79f79", "Ho": "#d7797b", "Er": "#d7797b", "Tm": 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"Te": "#d7797b", "I": "#d7457e", "Xe": "#f465c2", "Cs": "#79b7d7", "Ba": "#79d79c", "La": "#b0d779", "Ce": "#d7d679", "Pr": "#d7d679", "Nd": "#b0d779", "Pm": "#b0d779", "Sm": "#b0d779", "Eu": "#b0d779", "Gd": "#b0d779", "Tb": "#d7d679", "Dy": "#b0d779", "Ho": "#b0d779", "Er": "#b0d779", "Tm": "#b0d779", "Yb": "#b0d779", "Lu": "#b0d779", "Hf": "#d7d679", "Ta": "#d79f79", "W": "#d7797b", "Re": "#d7457e", "Os": "#f465c2", "Ir": "#d7797b", "Pt": "#d7797b", "Au": "#d79f79", "Hg": "#d7d679", "Tl": "#b0d779", "Pb": "#d7d679", "Bi": "#d79f79", "Po": "#d7797b", "At": "#d79f79", "Rn": "#79d79c", "Fr": "#79b7d7", "Ra": "#79d79c", "Ac": "#b0d779", "Th": "#d7d679", "Pa": "#d79f79", "U": "#d7797b", "Np": "#d7457e", "Pu": "#d7457e", "Am": "#d7797b", "Cm": "#d7d679", "Bk": "#d7d679", "Cf": "#d7d679", "Es": "#b0d779", "Fm": "#b0d779", "Md": "#b0d779", "No": "#b0d779", "Lr": "#b0d779", "Rf": "#d7d679", "Db": "#ccc", "Sg": "#ccc", "Bh": "#ccc", "Hs": "#ccc", "Mt": "#ccc", "Ds": "#ccc", "Rg": "#ccc", "Cn": "#ccc", "Uut": "#ccc", "Fl": "#ccc", "Uup": "#ccc", "Lv": "#ccc", "Uus": "#ccc", "Uuo": "#ccc" }, "Crustal Abundance": { "key": { "10<sup>-1<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#1aff53", "10<sup>-2<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#33ff33", "10<sup>-3<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#79ff4d", "10<sup>-4<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#b3ff66", "10<sup>-5<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#dfff80", "10<sup>-6<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffff99", "10<sup>-7<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffecb3", "10<sup>-8<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffe6cc", "10<sup>-9<\/sup> kg\/kg range": "#ffece6", "10<sup>-10<\/sup> or less kg\/kg range": "#ffffff" }, "desc": "<h2>Crustal Abundance<\/h2>Values from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#79ff4d", "He": "#ffece6", "Li": "#dfff80", "Be": "#ffff99", "B": "#dfff80", "C": "#b3ff66", "N": "#dfff80", "O": "#1aff53", "F": "#b3ff66", "Ne": "#ffece6", "Na": "#33ff33", "Mg": "#33ff33", "Al": "#33ff33", "Si": "#1aff53", "P": "#79ff4d", "S": "#b3ff66", "Cl": "#b3ff66", "Ar": "#ffff99", "K": "#33ff33", "Ca": "#33ff33", "Sc": "#dfff80", "Ti": "#79ff4d", "V": "#b3ff66", "Cr": "#b3ff66", "Mn": "#b3ff66", "Fe": "#33ff33", "Co": "#dfff80", "Ni": "#dfff80", "Cu": "#dfff80", "Zn": "#dfff80", "Ga": "#dfff80", "Ge": "#ffff99", "As": "#ffff99", "Se": "#ffe6cc", "Br": "#ffff99", "Kr": "#ffffff", "Rb": "#dfff80", "Sr": "#b3ff66", "Y": "#dfff80", "Zr": "#b3ff66", "Nb": "#dfff80", "Mo": "#ffff99", "Ru": "#ffece6", "Rh": "#ffece6", "Pd": "#ffe6cc", "Ag": "#ffe6cc", "Cd": "#ffecb3", "In": "#ffecb3", "Sn": "#ffff99", "Sb": "#ffecb3", "Te": "#ffece6", "I": "#ffecb3", "Xe": "#ffffff", "Cs": "#ffff99", "Ba": "#b3ff66", "La": "#dfff80", "Ce": "#dfff80", "Pr": "#ffff99", "Nd": "#dfff80", "Sm": "#ffff99", "Eu": "#ffff99", "Gd": "#ffff99", "Tb": "#ffff99", "Dy": "#ffff99", "Ho": "#ffff99", "Er": "#ffff99", "Tm": "#ffecb3", "Yb": "#ffff99", "Lu": "#ffecb3", "Hf": "#ffff99", "Ta": "#ffff99", "W": "#ffff99", "Re": "#ffffff", "Os": "#ffece6", "Ir": "#ffece6", "Pt": "#ffece6", "Au": "#ffece6", "Hg": "#ffe6cc", "Tl": "#ffecb3", "Pb": "#dfff80", "Bi": "#ffece6", "Po": "#ffffff", "Rn": "#ffffff", "Ra": "#ffffff", "Ac": "#ffffff", "Th": "#ffff99", "Pa": "#ffffff", "U": "#ffff99" }, "Goldschmidt": { "key": { "Lithophile": "#ffbb77", "Siderophile": "#ff8ebb", "Chalcophile": "#fff888", "Atmophile": "#bbffff", "Not defined": "#ccc" }, "desc": "<h2>Goldschmidt Classification<\/h2>A geochemical classification of elements according to their preferred host phases into lithophile (rock-loving), siderophile (iron-loving), chalcophile (ore loving\/chalcogen loving) or atmophile (gas-loving). This lists the primary classification for each element.", "default": "#ccc", "H": "#bbffff", "He": "#bbffff", "Li": "#ffbb77", "Be": "#ffbb77", "B": "#ffbb77", "C": "#bbffff", "N": "#bbffff", "O": "#ffbb77", "F": "#ffbb77", "Ne": "#bbffff", "Na": "#ffbb77", "Mg": "#ffbb77", "Al": "#ffbb77", "Si": "#ffbb77", "P": "#ffbb77", "S": "#fff888", "Cl": "#ffbb77", "Ar": "#bbffff", "K": "#ffbb77", "Ca": "#ffbb77", "Sc": "#ffbb77", "Ti": "#ffbb77", "V": "#ffbb77", "Cr": "#ffbb77", "Mn": "#ff8ebb", "Fe": "#ff8ebb", "Co": "#ff8ebb", "Ni": "#ff8ebb", "Cu": "#fff888", "Zn": "#fff888", "Ga": "#fff888", "Ge": "#fff888", "As": "#fff888", "Se": "#fff888", "Br": "#ffbb77", "Kr": "#bbffff", "Rb": "#ffbb77", "Sr": "#ffbb77", "Y": "#ffbb77", "Zr": "#ffbb77", "Nb": "#ffbb77", "Mo": "#ff8ebb", "Tc": "#ffbb77", "Ru": "#ff8ebb", "Rh": "#ff8ebb", "Pd": "#ff8ebb", "Ag": "#fff888", "Cd": "#fff888", "In": "#fff888", "Sn": "#fff888", "Sb": "#fff888", "Te": "#fff888", "I": "#ffbb77", "Xe": "#bbffff", "Cs": "#ffbb77", "Ba": "#ffbb77", "La": "#ffbb77", "Ce": "#ffbb77", "Pr": "#ffbb77", "Nd": "#ffbb77", "Pm": "#ffbb77", "Sm": "#ffbb77", "Eu": "#ffbb77", "Gd": "#ffbb77", "Tb": "#ffbb77", "Dy": "#ffbb77", "Ho": "#ffbb77", "Er": "#ffbb77", "Tm": "#ffbb77", "Yb": "#ffbb77", "Lu": "#ffbb77", "Hf": "#ffbb77", "Ta": "#ffbb77", "W": "#ffbb77", "Re": "#ff8ebb", "Os": "#ff8ebb", "Ir": "#ff8ebb", "Pt": "#ff8ebb", "Au": "#ff8ebb", "Hg": "#fff888", "Tl": "#fff888", "Pb": "#fff888", "Bi": "#fff888", "Po": "#fff888", "At": "#ffbb77", "Rn": "#bbffff", "Fr": "#ffbb77", "Ra": "#ffbb77", "Ac": "#ffbb77", "Th": "#ffbb77", "Pa": "#ffbb77", "U": "#ffbb77", "Np": "#ffbb77", "Pu": "#ffbb77" }, "Mineral Species": { "desc": "<h2>Mineral Species<\/h2>The number of minerals containing each element compared.", "key": { "3000+ minerals": "#ff8c80", "1000-2999 minerals": "#ffc266", "500-999 minerals": "#f0ff66", "100-499 minerals": "#75ff1a", "50-99 minerals": "#33ffcf", "20-49 minerals": "#99e4ff", "1-19 minerals": "#b3b8ff", "No minerals with element": "#ccc" }, "default": "#ccc", "H": "#ffc266", "Li": "#75ff1a", "Be": "#75ff1a", "B": "#75ff1a", "C": "#75ff1a", "N": "#75ff1a", "O": "#ff8c80", "F": "#75ff1a", "Na": "#ffc266", "Mg": "#f0ff66", "Al": "#ffc266", "Si": "#ffc266", "P": "#f0ff66", "S": "#ffc266", "Cl": "#75ff1a", "K": "#f0ff66", "Ca": "#ffc266", "Sc": "#b3b8ff", "Ti": "#75ff1a", "V": "#75ff1a", "Cr": "#33ffcf", "Mn": "#f0ff66", "Fe": "#ffc266", "Co": "#33ffcf", "Ni": "#75ff1a", "Cu": "#f0ff66", "Zn": "#75ff1a", "Ga": "#b3b8ff", "Ge": "#99e4ff", "As": "#f0ff66", "Se": "#75ff1a", "Br": "#b3b8ff", "Rb": "#b3b8ff", "Sr": "#75ff1a", "Y": "#75ff1a", "Zr": "#75ff1a", "Nb": "#75ff1a", "Mo": "#33ffcf", "Ru": "#b3b8ff", "Rh": "#b3b8ff", "Pd": "#33ffcf", "Ag": "#75ff1a", "Cd": "#99e4ff", "In": "#b3b8ff", "Sn": "#33ffcf", "Sb": "#75ff1a", "Te": "#75ff1a", "I": "#99e4ff", "Cs": "#99e4ff", "Ba": "#75ff1a", "La": "#33ffcf", "Ce": "#75ff1a", "Pr": "#b3b8ff", "Nd": "#33ffcf", "Sm": "#b3b8ff", "Gd": "#b3b8ff", "Dy": "#b3b8ff", "Yb": "#b3b8ff", "Hf": "#b3b8ff", "Ta": "#33ffcf", "W": "#99e4ff", "Re": "#b3b8ff", "Os": "#b3b8ff", "Ir": "#99e4ff", "Pt": "#99e4ff", "Au": "#99e4ff", "Hg": "#33ffcf", "Tl": "#33ffcf", "Pb": "#f0ff66", "Bi": "#75ff1a", "Th": "#99e4ff", "U": "#75ff1a", "": "#ff8c80" } }; $(function() {eleactivate(permode); }); var timtam; $("#hideshow").change(function(){ if($(this).is(":checked")) { $("A[name=Cm]").addClass('eleselected'); } else { $("A[name=Cm]").removeClass('eleselected'); } }) function eleactivate(key) { var ele; var keydesc; var col; var def = peropts[key]["default"]; if(!def) def="#f8f8f8"; $("#chemtdesc").fadeOut(500,function() { $(this).html(peropts[key]["desc"]); $(this).fadeIn(500); }); $(".ptkey").fadeOut(500,function() { var cont = "<h2>Key</h2>"; // "key"=>array("Found in minerals"=>"#fcfcfc","Not found"=>"#ccc"), var keys = Object.keys(peropts[key]["key"]); for(keydes in peropts[key]["key"]) { col=peropts[key]["key"][keydes]; cont+="<div class='keyentry'><span style='background-color: "+col+"; '></span>"+keydes+"</div>"; } $(this).html(cont); $(this).fadeIn(500); }) if(timtam) clearTimeout(timtam); $(".elem A").each(function(index) { ele = $(this).attr('name'); col = peropts[key][ele]; $(this).css('-webkit-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-o-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('-mozilla-transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); $(this).css('transition', 'background 0.5s linear'); if(col) $(this).css('background-color',col); else $(this).css('background-color',def); }); timtam = setTimeout(function() { $(".elem A").css('-webkit-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-o-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('-mozilla-transition', 'none !important'); $(".elem A").css('transition', 'none !important'); },1000); } $("A[name=Cm]").addClass('eleselected'); </script> <div class="ptkey"><div></div></div><div class="ptbuttons"><span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Default&quot;)">Default</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Categories&quot;)">Categories</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;CPK&quot;)">CPK</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Electronegativity&quot;)">Electronegativity</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Atomic Radius&quot;)">Atomic Radius</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Lowest Oxidation&quot;)">Lowest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Highest Oxidation&quot;)">Highest Oxidation</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Crustal Abundance&quot;)">Crustal Abundance</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Goldschmidt&quot;)">Goldschmidt</span> <span class="peropt" onclick="eleactivate(&quot;Mineral Species&quot;)">Mineral Species</span> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center"><a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Americium">Americium</a> &lt;&lt; <b>Curium</b> &gt;&gt; <a href="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/element/Berkelium">Berkelium</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="clearer"></div><div class="clearer"></div><div id="element_smallprint"><br><br><b>Spotted a mistake/omission?</b> - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026073654/mailto:jolyon@mindat.org">jolyon@mindat.org</a>. Thank you.</br><br> Constants and physical property data from:<br><br> David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).<br> Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical &amp; Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements<br> A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)<br> Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)<br> L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)<br> Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford University Press (2001) </div></div><div id="backdropad" class="hidetablet hidephone"></div> <div id="backdroptext" class="hidetablet hidephone"></div> <div id="backdropadt" class="hidephone hidepc"></div> <div id="backdroptextt" class="hidephone hidepc"></div> <div id="backdropadm" class="hidetablet hidepc"></div> <div id="backdroptextm" class="hidetablet hidepc"></div> <video id="backdropvid"></video> <div id="backdropfade"></div> </div><div id="bformblock"> <form class="flatform" method="get" action="/web/20161026073654/http://www.mindat.org/nsearch.php"> Mineral <input name="name" style="width: 137px;"/> and/or Locality <input name="loc" style="width: 137px;">&nbsp;<input type="submit" value="Search"/> </form> </div> <div id="footertext"> Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.<br>Copyright &copy; mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2016, except where stated. 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