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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types of firewall</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_firewall-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of firewall subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_firewall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Packet_filter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packet_filter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Packet filter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packet_filter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connection_tracking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connection_tracking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Connection tracking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connection_tracking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Application_layer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application_layer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Application layer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application_layer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Endpoint_specific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endpoint_specific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Endpoint specific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endpoint_specific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Firewall_Policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firewall_Policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Firewall Policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Firewall_Policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Firewall Policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Firewall_Policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USER_ID" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USER_ID"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>USER ID</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USER_ID-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Example_of_Using_User_ID_in_Firewall_Rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example_of_Using_User_ID_in_Firewall_Rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Example of Using User ID in Firewall Rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example_of_Using_User_ID_in_Firewall_Rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Most_common_firewall_log_types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Most_common_firewall_log_types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Most common firewall log types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Most_common_firewall_log_types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Configuration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Configuration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Configuration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Configuration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Firewall (computing)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 73 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-73" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">73 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9)" title="جدار حماية (حوسبة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جدار حماية (حوسبة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoruyucu_divar_(komp%C3%BCter)" title="Qoruyucu divar (kompüter) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qoruyucu divar (kompüter)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2_(%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82)" title="ফায়ারওয়াল (কম্পিউটিং) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফায়ারওয়াল (কম্পিউটিং)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%C3%A9-piah" title="Hoé-piah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoé-piah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Защитна стена – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Защитна стена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C5%A1titni_zid" title="Zaštitni zid – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zaštitni zid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallafoc_(inform%C3%A0tica)" title="Tallafoc (informàtica) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tallafoc (informàtica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulem%C3%BC%C3%BCr_(informaatika)" title="Tulemüür (informaatika) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tulemüür (informaatika)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortafuegos_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Cortafuegos (informática) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cortafuegos (informática)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajro%C5%9Dirmilo" title="Fajroŝirmilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fajroŝirmilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suebaki_(informatika)" title="Suebaki (informatika) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Suebaki (informatika)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4" title="دیوار آتش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوار آتش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare-feu_(informatique)" title="Pare-feu (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pare-feu (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla_d%C3%B3ite%C3%A1in" title="Balla dóiteáin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Balla dóiteáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devasa_(inform%C3%A1tica)" title="Devasa (informática) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Devasa (informática)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%B2(%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97)" title="ફાયરવૉલ(કમ્પ્યુટિંગ) – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફાયરવૉલ(કમ્પ્યુટિંગ)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%ED%99%94%EB%B2%BD_(%EB%84%A4%ED%8A%B8%EC%9B%8C%ED%82%B9)" title="방화벽 (네트워킹) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="방화벽 (네트워킹)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97)" title="फ़ायरवॉल (नेटवर्किंग) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़ायरवॉल (नेटवर्किंग)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrozid" title="Vatrozid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vatrozid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok_api_(komputasi)" title="Tembok api (komputasi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembok api (komputasi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_informatic" title="Muro informatic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Muro informatic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A9" title="חומת אש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומת אש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Желіаралық қалқан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Желіаралық қалқан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murus_incendiarius" title="Murus incendiarius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Murus incendiarius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugunsm%C5%ABris" title="Ugunsmūris – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ugunsmūris" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugniasien%C4%97_(internetas)" title="Ugniasienė (internetas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ugniasienė (internetas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%B1zfal_(sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1stechnika)" title="Tűzfal (számítástechnika) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tűzfal (számítástechnika)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%95%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Огнен ѕид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Огнен ѕид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" title="ഫയർവാൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫയർവാൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95)" title="फायरवॉल (संगणक) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फायरवॉल (संगणक)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembok_api" title="Tembok api – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tembok api" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Галын хана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Галын хана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_(%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8)" title="မီးတံတိုင်း (တွက်ချက်ခြင်း) – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီးတံတိုင်း (တွက်ချက်ခြင်း)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ファイアウォール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファイアウォール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brannmur_(datateknikk)" title="Brannmur (datateknikk) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brannmur (datateknikk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programvara_brannmur" title="Programvara brannmur – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Programvara brannmur" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Файрвол – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Файрвол" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_(%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0)" title="ਫਾਇਰਵਾਲ (ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ) – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫਾਇਰਵਾਲ (ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapora_sieciowa" title="Zapora sieciowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zapora sieciowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravan_(software)" title="Paravan (software) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paravan (software)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Межсетевой экран – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Межсетевой экран" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall_(networking)" title="Firewall (networking) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Firewall (networking)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%BEarni_zid" title="Požarni zid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Požarni zid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="ئاگرەدیوار – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاگرەدیوار" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Заштитни зид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Заштитни зид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatrozid" title="Vatrozid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vatrozid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palomuuri" title="Palomuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palomuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandv%C3%A4gg" title="Brandvägg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brandvägg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81)" title="தீச்சுவர் (வலையமைப்பு) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தீச்சுவர் (வலையமைப்பு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฟร์วอลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไฟร์วอลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCvenlik_duvar%C4%B1" title="Güvenlik duvarı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güvenlik duvarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мережевий екран – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мережевий екран" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84" title="فائر وال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فائر وال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewall" title="Firewall – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Firewall" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_l%E1%BB%ADa" title="Tường lửa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tường lửa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99" title="防火墙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="防火墙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="פייער מויער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פייער מויער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E7%81%AB%E5%A2%99" title="防火墙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="防火墙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80998#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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system</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, a <b>firewall</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Network_security" title="Network security">network security</a> system that <a href="/wiki/Network_monitoring" title="Network monitoring">monitors</a> and controls incoming and outgoing <a href="/wiki/Network_traffic" title="Network traffic">network traffic</a> based on predetermined security rules.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A firewall typically establishes a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network, such as the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oppliger_1997_94_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oppliger_1997_94-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i><a href="/wiki/Firewall_(construction)" title="Firewall (construction)">firewall</a></i> originally referred to a wall intended to confine a fire within a line of adjacent buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later uses refer to similar structures, such as the <a href="/wiki/Firewall_(engine)" title="Firewall (engine)">metal sheet</a> separating the <a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">engine</a> compartment of a <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> from the passenger compartment. The term was applied in the 1980s to network technology<sup id="cite_ref-cheskwick1994_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheskwick1994-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that emerged when the Internet was fairly new in terms of its global use and connectivity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The predecessors to firewalls for network security were <a href="/wiki/Router_(computing)" title="Router (computing)">routers</a> used in the 1980s. Because they already segregated networks, routers could apply filtering to packets crossing them.<sup id="cite_ref-report_unm_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report_unm-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before it was used in real-life computing, the term appeared in <a href="/wiki/John_Badham" title="John Badham">John Badham's</a> 1983 computer‑hacking movie <i><a href="/wiki/WarGames" title="WarGames">WarGames</a></i>, spoken by the bearded and bespectacled programmer named Paul Richter, which possibly inspired its later use.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the earliest commercially successful firewall and network address translation (NAT) products was the PIX (Private Internet eXchange) Firewall, invented in 1994 by Network Translation Inc., a startup founded and run by John Mayes. The PIX Firewall technology was coded by Brantley Coile as a consultant software developer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognizing the emerging IPv4 address depletion problem, they designed the PIX to enable organizations to securely connect private networks to the public internet using a limited number of registered IP addresses. The innovative PIX solution quickly gained industry acclaim, earning the prestigious "Hot Product of the Year" award from Data Communications Magazine in January 1995. Cisco Systems, seeking to expand into the rapidly growing network security market, subsequently acquired Network Translation Inc. in November 1995 to obtain the rights to the PIX technology. The PIX became one of Cisco's flagship firewall product lines before eventually being succeeded by the Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) platform introduced in 2005. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_firewall">Types of firewall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of firewall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">Computer security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_firewalls" title="Comparison of firewalls">Comparison of firewalls</a></div> <p>Firewalls are categorized as a network-based or a host-based system. Network-based firewalls are positioned between two or more networks, typically between the <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network (LAN)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network (WAN)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their basic function being to control the flow of data between connected networks. They are either a <a href="/wiki/Software_appliance" title="Software appliance">software appliance</a> running on general-purpose hardware, a <a href="/wiki/Computer_appliance#Types_of_appliances" title="Computer appliance">hardware appliance</a> running on special-purpose hardware, or a <a href="/wiki/Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">virtual appliance</a> running on a virtual host controlled by a <a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a>. Firewall appliances may also offer non-firewall functionality, such as <a href="/wiki/DHCP" class="mw-redirect" title="DHCP">DHCP</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/VPN" class="mw-redirect" title="VPN">VPN</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> services. Host-based firewalls are deployed directly on the <a href="/wiki/Host_(network)" title="Host (network)">host</a> itself to control network traffic or other computing resources.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be a <a href="/wiki/Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">daemon</a> or <a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">service</a> as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Endpoint_security" title="Endpoint security">agent application</a> for protection. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firewall.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Firewall.png/220px-Firewall.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Firewall.png/330px-Firewall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Firewall.png/440px-Firewall.png 2x" data-file-width="764" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>An illustration of a network-based firewall within a network</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Packet_filter">Packet filter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Packet filter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first reported type of network firewall is called a <a href="/wiki/PF_(firewall)" title="PF (firewall)">packet filter</a>, which inspects packets transferred between computers. The firewall maintains an <a href="/wiki/Access-control_list" title="Access-control list">access-control list</a> which dictates what packets will be looked at and what action should be applied, if any, with the default action set to silent discard. Three basic actions regarding the packet consist of a silent discard, discard with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">Internet Control Message Protocol</a> or <a href="/wiki/TCP_reset_attack" title="TCP reset attack">TCP reset</a> response to the sender, and forward to the next hop.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Packets may be filtered by source and destination <a href="/wiki/Network_address" title="Network address">IP addresses</a>, protocol, or source and destination <a href="/wiki/Port_(computer_networking)" title="Port (computer networking)">ports</a>. The bulk of Internet communication in 20th and early 21st century used either <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">Transmission Control Protocol</a> (TCP) or <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">User Datagram Protocol</a> (UDP) in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers" title="List of TCP and UDP port numbers">well-known ports</a>, enabling firewalls of that era to distinguish between specific types of traffic such as web browsing, remote printing, email transmission, and file transfers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cheswick2003_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cheswick2003-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first paper published on firewall technology was in 1987 when engineers from <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> (DEC) developed filter systems known as packet filter firewalls. At <a href="/wiki/Bell_Labs" title="Bell Labs">AT&T Bell Labs</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cheswick" title="William Cheswick">Bill Cheswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_M._Bellovin" title="Steven M. Bellovin">Steve Bellovin</a> continued their research in packet filtering and developed a working model for their own company based on their original first-generation architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1992, Steven McCanne and Van Jacobson released a paper on <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" title="Berkeley Packet Filter">BSD Packet Filter</a> (BPF) while at <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bpf93_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bpf93-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connection_tracking">Connection tracking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Connection tracking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Netfilter-packet-flow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Netfilter-packet-flow.svg/220px-Netfilter-packet-flow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Netfilter-packet-flow.svg/330px-Netfilter-packet-flow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Netfilter-packet-flow.svg/440px-Netfilter-packet-flow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Flow of <a href="/wiki/Network_packet" title="Network packet">network packets</a> through <a href="/wiki/Netfilter" title="Netfilter">Netfilter</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> module</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Stateful_firewall" title="Stateful firewall">Stateful firewall</a></div> <p>From 1989–1990, three colleagues from <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Bell_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Bell Laboratories">AT&T Bell Laboratories</a>, Dave Presotto, Janardan Sharma, and Kshitij Nigam, developed the second generation of firewalls, calling them <a href="/wiki/Circuit-level_gateway" title="Circuit-level gateway">circuit-level gateways</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Second-generation firewalls perform the work of their first-generation predecessors but also maintain knowledge of specific conversations between endpoints by remembering which port number the two <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a> are using at layer 4 (<a href="/wiki/Transport_layer" title="Transport layer">transport layer</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">OSI model</a> for their conversation, allowing examination of the overall exchange between the nodes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Application_layer">Application layer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Application layer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Application_firewall" title="Application firewall">Application firewall</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Ranum" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Ranum">Marcus Ranum</a>, Wei Xu, and Peter Churchyard released an application firewall known as Firewall Toolkit (FWTK) in October 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This became the basis for Gauntlet firewall at <a href="/wiki/Trusted_Information_Systems" title="Trusted Information Systems">Trusted Information Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The key benefit of <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">application layer</a> filtering is that it can understand certain applications and protocols such as <a href="/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol" title="File Transfer Protocol">File Transfer Protocol</a> (FTP), <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS), or <a href="/wiki/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">Hypertext Transfer Protocol</a> (HTTP). This allows it to identify unwanted applications or services using a non standard port, or detect if an allowed protocol is being abused.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can also provide unified security management including enforced <a href="/wiki/DNS_over_HTTPS" title="DNS over HTTPS">encrypted DNS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">virtual private networking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Next-generation_firewall" title="Next-generation firewall">next-generation firewall</a> provides a wider range of inspection at the application layer, extending <a href="/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection" title="Deep packet inspection">deep packet inspection</a> functionality to include, but is not limited to: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_filtering" class="mw-redirect" title="Web filtering">Web filtering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrusion_prevention_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion prevention system">Intrusion prevention systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Identity management">User identity management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_application_firewall" title="Web application firewall">Web application firewall</a></li> <li>Content inspection and heuristic analysis<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Endpoint_specific">Endpoint specific</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Endpoint specific"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endpoint-based application firewalls function by determining whether a process should accept any given connection. Application firewalls filter connections by examining the process ID of <a href="/wiki/Data_packets" class="mw-redirect" title="Data packets">data packets</a> against a rule set for the local process involved in the data transmission. Application firewalls accomplish their function by hooking into <a href="/wiki/Network_socket" title="Network socket">socket</a> calls to filter the connections between the <a href="/wiki/Application_layer" title="Application layer">application layer</a> and the lower layers. Application firewalls that hook into socket calls are also referred to as socket filters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Firewall_Policies">Firewall Policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Firewall Policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the core of a firewall's operation are the policies that govern its decision-making process. These policies, collectively known as firewall rules, are the specific guidelines that determine the traffic allowed or blocked across a network's boundaries. <sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Firewall rules are based on the evaluation of network packets against predetermined security criteria. A network packet, which carries data across networks, must match certain attributes defined in a rule to be allowed through the firewall. These attributes commonly include: </p> <ul><li><b>Direction</b>: Inbound or outbound traffic</li> <li><b>Source</b>: Where the traffic originates (<a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address, range, network</a>, or zone)</li> <li><b>Destination</b>: Where the traffic is headed (<a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address, range, network</a>, or zone)</li> <li><b>Port</b>: Network ports specific to various services (e.g., port 80 for <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>)</li> <li><b>Protocol</b>: The type of network protocol (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol" title="Transmission Control Protocol">TCP</a>, <a href="/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol" title="User Datagram Protocol">UDP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol" title="Internet Control Message Protocol">ICMP</a>)</li> <li><b>Applications</b>: L7 inspection or grouping av services.</li> <li><b>Action</b>: Whether to allow, deny, drop, or require further inspection for the traffic</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zones">Zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zones are logical segments within a network that group together devices with similar security requirements. By partitioning a network into zones, such as "<a href="/wiki/Operational_technology" title="Operational technology">Technical</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">Public</a>," "<a href="/wiki/Private_network" title="Private network">Private</a>," "<a href="/wiki/DMZ_(computing)" title="DMZ (computing)">DMZ</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless</a>," administrators can enforce policies that control the flow of traffic between them. Each zone has its own level of trust and is governed by specific firewall rules that regulate the ingress and egress of data. </p><p>I typical default is to allow all traffic from LAN to WAN, and to drop all traffic from WAN to LAN. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services">Services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In networking terms, services are specific functions typically identified by a network port and protocol. Common examples include HTTP/HTTPS (web traffic) on ports 80 and 443, FTP (file transfer) on port 21, and SMTP (email) on port 25. Services are the engines behind the applications users depend on. From a security aspect, controlling access to services is crucial because services are common targets for exploitation. Firewalls employ rules that stipulate which services should be accessible, to whom, and in what context. For example, a firewall might be configured to block incoming FTP requests to prevent unauthorized file uploads but allow outgoing HTTPS requests for web browsing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Applications">Applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Applications refer to the software systems that users interact with while on the network. They can range from web browsers and email clients to complex database systems and cloud-based services. In network security, applications are important because different types of traffic can pose varying security risks. Thus, firewall rules can be crafted to identify and control traffic based on the application generating or receiving it. By using application awareness, firewalls can allow, deny, or limit traffic for specific applications according to organisational policies and compliance requirements, thereby mitigating potential threats from vulnerable or undesired applications. </p><p>Application can both be a grouping of services, or a <a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">L7 inspection</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USER_ID">USER ID</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: USER ID"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Implementing firewall rules based on IP addresses alone is often insufficient due to the dynamic nature of user location and device usage. <sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> User ID will be translate to a IP address. </p><p>This is where the concept of "User ID" makes a significant impact. User ID allows firewall rules to be crafted based on individual user identities, rather than just fixed source or destination IP addresses. This enhances security by enabling more granular control over who can access certain network resources, regardless of where they are connecting from or what device they are using. </p><p>The User ID technology is typically integrated into firewall systems through the use of directory services such as <a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Directory_Access_Protocol" title="Lightweight Directory Access Protocol">LDAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/RADIUS" title="RADIUS">RADIUS</a> or <a href="/wiki/TACACS" title="TACACS">TACACS+</a>. These services link the user's login information to their network activities. By doing this, the firewall can apply rules and policies that correspond to user groups, roles, or individual user accounts instead of purely relying on the network topology. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading6"><h6 id="Example_of_Using_User_ID_in_Firewall_Rules">Example of Using User ID in Firewall Rules</h6><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Example of Using User ID in Firewall Rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Consider an school that wants to restrict access to a <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> server from students. They can create a rule in the firewall that utilises User ID information to enforce this policy. </p> <ol><li>Directory Service Configuration — First, the firewall must be configured to communicate with the directory service that stores user group memberships. In this case, an <a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory server.</a></li> <li>User Identification — The firewall maps network traffic to specific user IDs by interpreting authentication logs. When a user logs on, the firewall associates that login with the user's <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>.</li> <li>Define User Groups — Within the firewall's management interface, define user groups based on the directory service. For example, create groups such as "Students".</li> <li>Create Firewall Rule: <ul><li>Source: User ID (e.g., Students)</li> <li>Destination: list of <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a></li> <li>Service/Application: Allowed services (e.g., <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>)</li> <li>Action: Deny</li></ul></li> <li>Implement Default Allow Rule: <ul><li>Source: <a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a> zone</li> <li>Destination: <a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a> zone</li> <li>Service/Application: Any</li> <li>Action: Allow</li></ul></li></ol> <p>With this setup, only users who authenticate and are identified as members of "Students" are deny to access <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> servers. All other traffic, starting from LAN interfaces, will be allowed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Most_common_firewall_log_types">Most common firewall log types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Most common firewall log types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Traffic Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Traffic logs record comprehensive details about data traversing the network. This includes source and destination IP addresses, port numbers, protocols used, and the action taken by the firewall (e.g., allow, drop, or reject).</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Essential for network administrators to analyze and understand the patterns of communication between devices, aiding in troubleshooting and optimizing network performance.</li></ul> <p><b>Threat Prevention Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs specifically designed to capture information related to security threats. This encompasses alerts from intrusion prevention systems (IPS), antivirus events, anti-bot detections, and other threat-related data.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Vital for identifying and responding to potential security breaches, helping security teams stay proactive in safeguarding the network.</li></ul> <p><b>Audit Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that record administrative actions and changes made to the firewall configuration. These logs are critical for tracking changes made by administrators for security and compliance purposes.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Supports auditing and compliance efforts by providing a detailed history of administrative activities, aiding in investigations and ensuring adherence to security policies.</li></ul> <p><b>Event Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> General event logs that capture a wide range of events occurring on the firewall, helping administrators monitor and troubleshoot issues.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Provides a holistic view of firewall activities, facilitating the identification and resolution of any anomalies or performance issues within the network infrastructure.</li></ul> <p><b>Session Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that provide information about established network sessions, including session start and end times, data transfer rates, and associated user or device information.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Useful for monitoring network sessions in real-time, identifying abnormal activities, and optimizing network performance.</li></ul> <p><b>DDoS Mitigation Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that record events related to Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, including mitigation actions taken by the firewall to protect the network.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Critical for identifying and mitigating DDoS attacks promptly, safeguarding network resources and ensuring uninterrupted service availability.</li></ul> <p><b>Geo-location Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that capture information about the geographic locations of network connections. This can be useful for monitoring and controlling access based on geographical regions.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Aids in enhancing security by detecting and preventing suspicious activities originating from specific geographic locations, contributing to a more robust defense against potential threats.</li></ul> <p><b>URL Filtering Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Records data related to web traffic and URL filtering. This includes details about blocked and allowed URLs, as well as categories of websites accessed by users.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Enables organizations to manage internet access, enforce acceptable use policies, and enhance overall network security by monitoring and controlling web activity.</li></ul> <p><b>User Activity Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that capture user-specific information, such as authentication events, user login/logout details, and user-specific traffic patterns.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Aids in tracking user behavior, ensuring accountability, and providing insights into potential security incidents involving specific users.</li></ul> <p><b>VPN Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Information related to Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections, including events like connection and disconnection, tunnel information, and VPN-specific errors.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Crucial for monitoring the integrity and performance of VPN connections, ensuring secure communication between remote users and the corporate network.</li></ul> <p><b>System Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs that provide information about the overall health, status, and configuration changes of the firewall system. This may include logs related to high availability (HA), software updates, and other system-level events.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Essential for maintaining the firewall infrastructure, diagnosing issues, and ensuring the system operates optimally.</li></ul> <p><b>Compliance Logs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b>Description:</b> Logs specifically focused on recording events relevant to regulatory compliance requirements. This may include activities ensuring compliance with industry standards or legal mandates.</li> <li><b>Significance:</b> Essential for organizations subject to specific regulations, helping to demonstrate adherence to compliance standards and facilitating audit processes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Configuration">Configuration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Configuration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setting up a firewall is a complex and error-prone task. A network may face security issues due to configuration errors.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Firewall policy configuration is based on specific network type (e.g., public or private), and can be set up using firewall rules that either block or allow access to prevent potential attacks from hackers or malware.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_gap_(networking)" title="Air gap (networking)">Air gap (networking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_firewall" title="Distributed firewall">Distributed firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMZ_(computing)" title="DMZ (computing)">DMZ (computing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewall_pinhole" title="Firewall pinhole">Firewall pinhole</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Firewalls_and_Internet_Security" title="Firewalls and Internet Security">Firewalls and Internet Security</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Shield_Project" title="Golden Shield Project">Golden Shield Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security#Security_software" title="Mobile security">Mobile security § Security software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoudriga2010" class="citation book cs1">Boudriga, Noureddine (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/securitymobileco00boud"><i>Security of mobile communications</i></a></span>. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/securitymobileco00boud/page/n66">32</a>–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0849379420" title="Special:BookSources/978-0849379420"><bdi>978-0849379420</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+of+mobile+communications&rft.place=Boca+Raton&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0849379420&rft.aulast=Boudriga&rft.aufirst=Noureddine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecuritymobileco00boud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirewall+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacfarlaneBuchananEkonomouUthmani2012" class="citation journal cs1">Macfarlane, Richard; Buchanan, William; Ekonomou, Elias; Uthmani, Omair; Fan, Lu; Lo, Owen (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0167404811001192">"Formal security policy implementations in network firewalls"</a>. <i>Computers & Security</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 253–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cose.2011.10.003">10.1016/j.cose.2011.10.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers+%26+Security&rft.atitle=Formal+security+policy+implementations+in+network+firewalls&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=253-270&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cose.2011.10.003&rft.aulast=Macfarlane&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+William&rft.au=Ekonomou%2C+Elias&rft.au=Uthmani%2C+Omair&rft.au=Fan%2C+Lu&rft.au=Lo%2C+Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0167404811001192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirewall+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oppliger_1997_94-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oppliger_1997_94_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOppliger1997" class="citation journal cs1">Oppliger, Rolf (May 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F253769.253802">"Internet Security: FIREWALLS and BEYOND"</a>. <i>Communications of the ACM</i>. <b>40</b> (5): 94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F253769.253802">10.1145/253769.253802</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15271915">15271915</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communications+of+the+ACM&rft.atitle=Internet+Security%3A+FIREWALLS+and+BEYOND&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=94&rft.date=1997-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F253769.253802&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15271915%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Oppliger&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%252F253769.253802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirewall+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanavan2001" class="citation book cs1">Canavan, John E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=docs.paloaltonetworks.com&rft.atitle=User-ID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.paloaltonetworks.com%2Fpan-os%2F10-1%2Fpan-os-admin%2Fuser-id&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirewall+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoronkovIwayaMartucciLindskog2018" class="citation journal cs1">Voronkov, Artem; Iwaya, Leonardo Horn; Martucci, Leonardo A.; Lindskog, Stefan (2018-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3130876">"Systematic Literature Review on Usability of Firewall Configuration"</a>. <i>ACM Computing Surveys</i>. <b>50</b> (6): 1–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F3130876">10.1145/3130876</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0360-0300">0360-0300</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6570517">6570517</a>.</cite><span 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href="https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/firewall-configuration">"What is Firewall Configuration and Why is it Important?"</a>. <i>Fortinet</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortinet&rft.atitle=What+is+Firewall+Configuration+and+Why+is+it+Important%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fortinet.com%2Fresources%2Fcyberglossary%2Ffirewall-configuration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFirewall+%28computing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewall_(computing)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output 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href="http://docstore.mik.ua/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/centri4/user/scf4ch3.htm">Evolution of the Firewall Industry</a> – discusses different architectures, how packets are processed and provides a timeline of the evolution.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.unm.edu/~treport/tr/02-12/firewall.pdf">A History and Survey of Network Firewalls</a> – provides an overview of firewalls at various ISO levels, with references to original papers where early firewall work was reported.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_scripting" title="Cross-site scripting">Cross-site scripting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-site_leaks" title="Cross-site leaks">Cross-site leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOM_clobbering" title="DOM clobbering">DOM clobbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_sniffing" title="History sniffing">History sniffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptojacking" title="Cryptojacking">Cryptojacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_breach" title="Data breach">Data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive-by_download" title="Drive-by download">Drive-by download</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_Helper_Object" title="Browser Helper Object">Browser Helper Objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_scraping" title="Data scraping">Data 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href="/wiki/Payload_(computing)" title="Payload (computing)">Payload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phishing" title="Phishing">Phishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voice_phishing" title="Voice phishing">Voice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymorphic_engine" title="Polymorphic engine">Polymorphic engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privilege_escalation" title="Privilege escalation">Privilege escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellcode" title="Shellcode">Shellcode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spamming" title="Spamming">Spamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">Social engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_bug" title="Software bug">Software bugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_Trojan" title="Hardware Trojan">Hardware Trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_access_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote access trojan">Remote access trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">Vulnerability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_shell" title="Web shell">Web shells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiper_(malware)" title="Wiper (malware)">Wiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL_injection" title="SQL injection">SQL injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_security_software" title="Rogue security software">Rogue security software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_(computing)" title="Zombie (computing)">Zombie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_security" title="Application security">Application security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secure_coding" title="Secure coding">Secure coding</a></li> <li>Secure by default</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_by_design" title="Secure by design">Secure by design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misuse_case" title="Misuse case">Misuse case</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_access_control" title="Computer access control">Computer access control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multi-factor_authentication" title="Multi-factor authentication">Multi-factor authentication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorization" title="Authorization">Authorization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_security_software" title="Computer security software">Computer security software</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security-focused_operating_system" title="Security-focused operating system">Security-focused operating system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data-centric_security" title="Data-centric security">Data-centric security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_obfuscation" class="mw-redirect" title="Code obfuscation">Obfuscation (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_masking" title="Data masking">Data masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Host-based_intrusion_detection_system" title="Host-based intrusion detection system">Host-based intrusion detection system</a> (HIDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomaly_detection" title="Anomaly detection">Anomaly detection</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_security_management" title="Information security management">Information security management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Information_risk_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Information risk management">Information risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_information_and_event_management" title="Security information and event management">Security information and event management</a> (SIEM)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runtime_application_self-protection" title="Runtime application self-protection">Runtime application self-protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_isolation" title="Site isolation">Site isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firewall_software" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firewall_software" title="Template:Firewall software"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firewall_software" title="Template talk:Firewall software"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firewall_software" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firewall software"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firewall_software" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firewall software</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application_firewall" title="Application firewall">Application firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Context-based_access_control" title="Context-based access control">Context-based access control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_firewall" title="Personal firewall">Personal firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateful_firewall" title="Stateful firewall">Stateful firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_firewall" title="Virtual firewall">Virtual firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FireHOL" title="FireHOL">FireHOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestarter_(firewall)" title="Firestarter (firewall)">Firestarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalld" title="Firewalld">firewalld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netfilter" title="Netfilter">Netfilter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iptables" title="Iptables">iptables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nftables" title="Nftables">nftables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoBlock" title="MoBlock">MoBlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privoxy" title="Privoxy">Privoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorewall" title="Shorewall">Shorewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_(software)" title="Squid (software)">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncomplicated_Firewall" title="Uncomplicated Firewall">Uncomplicated Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Distros</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endian_Firewall" title="Endian Firewall">Endian Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPFire" title="IPFire">IPFire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEDE" class="mw-redirect" title="LEDE">LEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmoothWall" class="mw-redirect" title="SmoothWall">SmoothWall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VyOS" title="VyOS">VyOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeroshell" title="Zeroshell">Zeroshell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BSD" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD">BSD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPFilter" title="IPFilter">IPFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipfirewall" title="Ipfirewall">ipfirewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPF_(firewall)" title="NPF (firewall)">NPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF_(firewall)" title="PF (firewall)">PF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pfsync" title="Pfsync">pfsync</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Distros</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OPNsense" title="OPNsense">OPNsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PfSense" title="PfSense">pfSense</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Snitch" title="Little Snitch">Little Snitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBarrier_X4" title="NetBarrier X4">NetBarrier X4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerGuardian" title="PeerGuardian">PeerGuardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intego#VirusBarrier" title="Intego">VirusBarrier X6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commercial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Check_Point_Integrity" title="Check Point Integrity">Check Point Integrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaspersky_Internet_Security" title="Kaspersky Internet Security">Kaspersky Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAfee_Personal_Firewall_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="McAfee Personal Firewall Plus">McAfee Personal Firewall Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Forefront_Threat_Management_Gateway" title="Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway">Microsoft Forefront Threat Management Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_360" title="Norton 360">Norton 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Internet_Security" title="Norton Internet Security">Norton Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Personal_Firewall" title="Norton Personal Firewall">Norton Personal Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symantec_Endpoint_Protection" title="Symantec Endpoint Protection">Symantec Endpoint Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trend_Micro_Internet_Security" title="Trend Micro Internet Security">Trend Micro Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Live_OneCare" title="Windows Live OneCare">Windows Live OneCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinGate" title="WinGate">WinGate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinRoute" class="mw-redirect" title="WinRoute">WinRoute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Freemium" title="Freemium">Freemium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comodo_Internet_Security" title="Comodo Internet Security">Comodo Internet Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZoneAlarm" title="ZoneAlarm">ZoneAlarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open-source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PeerBlock" title="PeerBlock">PeerBlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeerGuardian" title="PeerGuardian">PeerGuardian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outpost_Firewall_Pro" title="Outpost Firewall Pro">Outpost Firewall Pro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_firewalls" title="Comparison of firewalls">Comparison of firewalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_router_or_firewall_distributions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of router or firewall distributions">List of router or firewall distributions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Malware_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Malware" title="Template:Malware"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Malware" title="Template talk:Malware"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Malware" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Malware"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Malware_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infectious malware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer_viruses" title="Comparison of computer viruses">Comparison of computer viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_virus" title="Computer virus">Computer virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">Computer worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_worms" title="List of computer worms">List of computer worms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_viruses_and_worms" title="Timeline of computer viruses and worms">Timeline of computer viruses and worms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concealment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backdoor_(computing)" title="Backdoor (computing)">Backdoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clickjacking" title="Clickjacking">Clickjacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-browser" title="Man-in-the-browser">Man-in-the-browser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">Man-in-the-middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootkit" title="Rootkit">Rootkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_(computing)" title="Zombie (computing)">Zombie computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malware for profit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adware" title="Adware">Adware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">Botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimeware" title="Crimeware">Crimeware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleeceware" title="Fleeceware">Fleeceware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_grabbing" title="Form grabbing">Form grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialer#Fraudulent_dialer" title="Dialer">Fraudulent dialer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keystroke_logging" title="Keystroke logging">Keystroke logging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_bot#Malicious_purposes" title="Internet bot">Malbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privacy-invasive_software" title="Privacy-invasive software">Privacy-invasive software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_security_software" title="Rogue security software">Rogue security software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_threat" title="Web threat">Web threats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By operating system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Android_(operating_system)_malware" title="Category:Android (operating system) malware">Android malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Classic_Mac_OS_viruses" title="Category:Classic Mac OS viruses">Classic Mac OS viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:IOS_malware" title="Category:IOS malware">iOS malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_malware" title="Linux malware">Linux malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:MacOS_malware" title="Category:MacOS malware">MacOS malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_virus" title="Macro virus">Macro virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_malware" title="Mobile malware">Mobile malware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_OS_viruses" title="Palm OS viruses">Palm OS viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperCard_viruses" class="mw-redirect" title="HyperCard viruses">HyperCard viruses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-keylogger" title="Anti-keylogger">Anti-keylogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antivirus_software" title="Antivirus software">Antivirus software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browser_security" title="Browser security">Browser security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_loss_prevention_software" title="Data loss prevention software">Data loss prevention software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defensive_computing" title="Defensive computing">Defensive computing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Firewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrusion_detection_system" title="Intrusion detection system">Intrusion detection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Mobile security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_security" title="Network security">Network security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td 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