CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136ee1d98e6fd3e',cH: 'H2UBasor77AG4gJKP97jr8CEv2tEeijNwGHRBDBHMuI-1739807395-1.2.1.1-XfIMtdGyVPTcSvwYHl9kbHZ5y560vh.BbWcGgRimieQWu41ZBkOF.p5N3.uAo3Xm',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wissal%20Ben%20Arfi&__cf_chl_tk=Ubwv_FqggBvEuOUwbRKc.YEoqBmHn7Q4XXDUVkYYZAI-1739807395-1.0.1.1-DfDPPX7KUHzcDG0yuULE7Q5pwZam7K9.bJ88UNzHRtw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739807395',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wissal%20Ben%20Arfi&__cf_chl_f_tk=Ubwv_FqggBvEuOUwbRKc.YEoqBmHn7Q4XXDUVkYYZAI-1739807395-1.0.1.1-DfDPPX7KUHzcDG0yuULE7Q5pwZam7K9.bJ88UNzHRtw",md: "LX3gonv33ImQY_e0nKzXhfD6bOc.FzddM2KkDeX295c-1739807395-1.2.1.1-wIz08fwj6GYGuYl8S.T1Fm3DII8DDJIMJk1GxS7_WUbC1V6hct3s1WXrYF3vn74m4gNTjXjGlQM4kv0L0I8gjHOe4.jaljUPyZ.trxeSszrgZsFRacy9XsKEUzJu9V6vVvXsY5h9aCkfEZphxnm3OaIHQEU8y0HMtUJLUVWzXrYllszx6JCEABDBN0PLZNcsyc4zRvdOF1V5hXauaIa4F6UujXdmX0CvUgFTHZUFKPGReoE2M4OYDSbakcdOWsQ8NNuu8bFcxpC_sz77w3OGukqvEDG_uDGwONfk7o3Ptg_9DG.wVMWpNOniU2AEg4htspyXllr36nIY7j0KCvh0.5im7a4Cy8g3F4LdRO5m52nHpLrG9Q2n6oma0CkGoiRgRtOZeuOUHWwveXvuV5nCnbb4t2E3NMSo8JXi1XBv10qjPitvxxwnyfNzhoOfk8OZAlzc8VND.Ng1Gjf.riIxNCz828aICkYOnsKgXyfbtfi1Ai_RlNnPRN08Vuc62hk0JarwChujM2n.S.HlGftIVase1XIDM5dZG8XuhtYwIaqidlnS_oEv.vstrc9Mj153dWY2jkMnP.DjkK6crgMQ20EuyMAWUEIVqcBBRIiqdMYvPz.dbaRhdRhSRQ1rZoH5Bo6f9Bf.yMQ6iGrilVsVoAzVxjALxWYRDHyDOsAXPSPrC9xRnJKt9cNrhAHtIwsr5TfRMGT0X.k0j48XAVyIj4SOtyXXMIuKN.rE5IB3fqQ6cRheIJ4lrZ93Nf53bNesGiHJlBo3D_2QUFhJA264AY4tgokd1bVtf6mkJWhxhuzEvP.xeT6.7aTclq7SPATZoo_ATpqOMFomTELvIo7dqOyOIyiU8iLWk0xqWTNxgcNqlyXnwowqUrTfBwvUzU9dpGhB4flpkJX7cBQITQGccxz7pGcCLH5KTBc3aspvuZ7IET2wp2vBgq4MU5ot74bfSX.G8tZsqbbKv4QV8mLJTb7rZrFU8UKiMXZXNdsRGCHtqWcN.iNp3vT8YOdKg52zvkoDi7E3j4.oGT0GUhQYwGLttlO9EPUT7AYunB2nCM1DWuXkp7bF6VmLdHfsv02uHyyfvMPIbEkEBz5G_Q52Cm6PDxhL8w72g_5ZwYJZV6L4xoJCQdBathwKD9TSg7fqCTNaxIJN8tlwv28UvK_Rvf6gGz_7dUtErDoDqx8PHvVL7UGQibtCPahLt.dAz13GnEj5P8SMGidkXq1nehR2l7XrXzXqlNbbQMZMyuwjIvurp7updFuT.lXGEI1qgcZ92PaUPdCNh3Sx_Zfb8Iytime5K2XVVLRsjafi9PZw6.apnXxMkjuGg1JlQ6JhSGFhzF8hEuvMzME_RVltIjNPv3RRusDnVFOZp7TtSk4Prv9RC13o7uNSePbWFLTHxMVKQWNrll3F1n.fdMIY2BaRRU.H0AwKZeNrGhNruo4Y8.26hdtI0BiOLB9ksKzdFA4XbtFC9dUlAC2sw2KzzO96NSyA5JFxO8XicfrRXtY.zw_hAyCcH.DvkPWWpKulaHugf2YnjfgM93tl8aUK8SNjz5GD3l.Jb5gF5sNNYzaR_IxWyo2WDfln_j2O85QgUCKQl8COR24CW8CZYBhBUvlhpQV5oH_l48Ou69.AmXwPeSeuHErAPnQloGM1JDtfO3iIMkNdrDjpVpLgIwwIFiN8s1tIZwzU7JE80nVusG0u2LIylt01ZiSugR68takUBoKfUy6axCO1oCoKRi_1lq7i3oCE69mRcRqLwzuDcLTtbi73VssHXI5bc_9X29.R0alk2kmYA0JgNQTCCIQbnpDs.qDYe.dAzhxj7EMUb.8TOcCBu0E4hGhjq4UDavdCTE751a6v1g9iCF4A6FgX_lGy1fTpor..4TQKzz88VAf65I8NNPpiQgFBse2.GMThFnz.0iNJD8Oha3s2xHperT6FHn_3pNjyMATqem5qmzLS4yo",mdrd: "mNRjKrjq0VP0KqbsJF3xN_pC1Q3Nn3N_JAD0IbQ3fkY-1739807395-1.2.1.1-LgyqgSosXNpcuKeQk6mJ46wsBwvrYQKICqnEPwoDlJ7HOSnjm3fSjIKGXLREf3pgUDBxwnlbg6RDuMC71QciqLJkUtWk.WXT9A1fKXcfq07Cp_eDt8WTeam__ba5J24b4CQ6BwG6MjCdOuUdeSjQBzx99XSSaofzQ0xwW6QB30rej5YOLYdRTlLCZh2IwAjHaZPqqpRvNrVlwKIGV2ZeJio8SzKUUs6e6oowSF4dvcCPhvRyl19ePK_vrnautja3GO7QCgRoyjFYSGeBMHsC7BLoeBzLE415IQN374A3IK4Xtn0QtMJlUVq1QMA_psXRF3_hrqLcMT1_Nv97vmrmxXw7HbzMw8amZUF2gp7dsFl8fIjM9I5H0N5PRffrxlISktCOeUe1FMRFEqn7ciZfRPuEWE95MAPEpSBKtRX1Rwdh_vRSqGB7YXNe9m0mTQXAQiM.dYpwhpOVuwr4_4yKqxK3QKzff91vHMRNJfhfYkCeXU0ZaWIeOyxL1l9BOd.6mH2feRNMM9QuwpNLa0g1Qm_dAYYs.Ve04izHSsxSsAlW5gStJ_wpnq9SpcvxC92pS0r0bvbOt04tyUaIXuh38wAtSbRWYlAP0B1mTD1oG9EuFNRaZs9vK2tNyJb3xHMHTkOj5zOQ_SVRNF0s7PxmJWP6bpFyp840NXedWmx6a90GBxdpN2VWAJIM3RbZbQTCe2prmHvk.HKBBD3GT9RXHY.k2eHE7xNgKgjMMw5E3W.ywx2ZoblwQcxcqEr12XdTeIkqJ_2x6aFqaH1bGXIB7Ufg.UcyaDGqKo.2PfRKlQdv8Kkdkk3wz59JPU_wGgp0LZXh_Z5oCJLXc2fehSkBn3HNCyrvHqWOItADOfqY1AKN66S2Ire28DI8bAuTTsINtXiQGd4FwN12Qz6K8VaaeAjZ_QshkOTsit8hze9Bg.Pze9MA89eLIw4CWo1boY3eL2gxe1BHYsgPCMh9W.ThSRMCx_nnAnhAoCMYdKmJs3IEoh8.xbvQUwh36j9pkzO3bQiaYBBvqaIsO5hg8VLVAIQgI7sZffM5xbzXPTA3EpI8Wao82jH207pE2WvU8svGRd4d1avBNhoeuOQa3l47HAv1mUr5fYpnCCiJcLTlS8aBBFj2onMxACmbAS7wZ7f6Htm33a8HF5_NAaNQirkfvOo_ClwEz90oDPHCLTI_MN4QsAo0CBOVG87ScYboIvGqqdkVJMaxbK9qIRl22La2F_ifuc0oK91MaSzBTfCDus0TMu5yrh2Xcj8AcQVKdHg14.C0DoK8oykXXgT85eGF.inH4Sche_AXOlt0bTJLBQWKkzR3DJUUwuWsJGVh6aF2Ssdd0u6rmi58mQbhAj1EL4evxGjC7PBfXUipENxAxY2Dh.qF_sVDjbl9Hk42OYKfvCUr3JE7qvohvSuR.K74YHxQBjS.15sg_HaP2hJFOSfvXPyYH0hO6sy0BbKg3SLBe3oNpsugEht8jHzAV61eKYYpPwbnLMn6hAT4gAJvxbryoMI03KWMtIizuJvWxV_rfo1IABPVwtceEpID7z7Mf4DMH3uloUcvSZWog6IrbIeWhmsKJJuYyPyhMIdCRIpIA5xVCmGrYGhqcDGQJUBAZXZXaOviys47nr0rnePCxTx_CiHJ6waEdP3EcoHw2F7nTjbnjuJf_GQQxZSxFMCp.yLEz9f5fJKOYPOHPCvp7.igjFrp2F0Ka9eIRp6.hZwkjFvwekQXLqPbYrLEgBLbr0oUd8Tkrn8Q1RCM7re8FZbNtpURO93Trh.KvP_JS4pTDuEJCCgqgUckQLTOC7.wN_TGmuby53TAqyJejBX5QM2.wJMYKGU4IReL8_ebWiobgdutrYfSlD2keTds0GutO_KDlnTN9LBF3GxUBPtU332Oj2P2E9nFExHPLBM1ReLoD4Ci7huDvtYpHMXbQTxBQGW_D7CKFv.mYsbHKlfbNTdp1EV4GJ3n69P32csjIwFZ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136ee1d98e6fd3e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wissal%20Ben%20Arfi&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Ubwv_FqggBvEuOUwbRKc.YEoqBmHn7Q4XXDUVkYYZAI-1739807395-1.0.1.1-DfDPPX7KUHzcDG0yuULE7Q5pwZam7K9.bJ88UNzHRtw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>