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class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tassonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tassonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tassonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tassonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spiegazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spiegazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Spiegazioni</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spiegazioni-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Spiegazioni</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spiegazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Basse_temperature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basse_temperature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Basse temperature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basse_temperature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scarsità_di_cibo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scarsità_di_cibo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Scarsità di cibo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scarsità_di_cibo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ridotta_pressione_di_predazione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ridotta_pressione_di_predazione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ridotta pressione di predazione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ridotta_pressione_di_predazione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aumento_dell'ossigeno_disciolto" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aumento_dell'ossigeno_disciolto"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Aumento dell'ossigeno disciolto</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aumento_dell'ossigeno_disciolto-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galleria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galleria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Galleria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galleria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gigantismo abissale</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 23 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Глыбакаводны гігантызм - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Глыбакаводны гігантызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Глыбакаводны гігантызм - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Глыбакаводны гігантызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gegantisme_del_mar_profund" title="Gegantisme del mar profund - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gegantisme del mar profund" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiefseegigantismus" title="Tiefseegigantismus - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiefseegigantismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep-sea_gigantism" title="Deep-sea gigantism - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deep-sea gigantism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisma_gigantismo" title="Abisma gigantismo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Abisma gigantismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantismo_abisal" title="Gigantismo abisal - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gigantismo abisal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%98%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="غول‌پیکری ژرفایی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غول‌پیکری ژرفایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantisme_abyssal" title="Gigantisme abyssal - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gigantisme abyssal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xigantismo_abisal" title="Xigantismo abisal - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xigantismo abisal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubokomorski_gigantizam" title="Dubokomorski gigantizam - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dubokomorski gigantizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantisme_laut_dalam" title="Gigantisme laut dalam - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gigantisme laut dalam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E7%97%87" title="深海巨大症 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="深海巨大症" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AC%ED%95%B4_%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%EC%A6%9D" title="심해 거대증 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="심해 거대증" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djuphavsgigantisme" title="Djuphavsgigantisme - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Djuphavsgigantisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantisme_abissal" title="Gigantisme abissal - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gigantisme abissal" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigantismo_abissal" title="Gigantismo abissal - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gigantismo abissal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Глубоководный гигантизм - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глубоководный гигантизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubokomorski_gigantizam" title="Dubokomorski gigantizam - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dubokomorski gigantizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Дубокоморски гигантизам - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дубокоморски гигантизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derin_deniz_gigantizmi" title="Derin deniz gigantizmi - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Derin deniz gigantizmi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Глибоководний гігантизм - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глибоководний гігантизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B7%A8%E5%A4%A7%E7%8F%BE%E8%B1%A1" title="深海巨大現象 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="深海巨大現象" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1148685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg/300px-Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg/450px-Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg/600px-Giant_squid_Ranheim2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="1340" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Architeuthis_dux" title="Architeuthis dux">Calamaro gigante</a> lungo 9 metri spiaggiato in <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Zoologia" title="Zoologia">zoologia</a> il <b>gigantismo abissale</b> è la tendenza, diffusa in vari gruppi tassonomici, degli animali che vivono nelle parti più profonde degli oceani a raggiungere dimensioni maggiori di specie affini viventi a profondità minori. Le spiegazioni proposte per questo tipo di gigantismo includono il necessario adattamento a temperature più fredde, la scarsità di cibo, la ridotta pressione di predazione e l'aumento delle concentrazioni di <a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a> disciolto nelle profondità marine. Le difficili condizioni e l'inospitalità dell'ambiente sottomarino in generale, così come l'inaccessibilità della <a href="/wiki/Piano_abissale" title="Piano abissale">zona abissale</a> per la maggior parte dei veicoli subacquei costruiti dall'uomo, hanno ostacolato lo studio di questo argomento. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tassonomia">Tassonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tassonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tassonomia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nei <a href="/wiki/Crustacea" title="Crustacea">crostacei</a> marini la tendenza all'aumento delle dimensioni con la profondità è stata osservata in <a href="/wiki/Mysidacea" title="Mysidacea">misidacei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euphausiacea" title="Euphausiacea">eufausiacei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decapoda" title="Decapoda">decapodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isopoda" title="Isopoda">isopodi</a> e <a href="/wiki/Amphipoda" title="Amphipoda">anfipodi</a><sup id="cite_ref-Timofeev_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. I non artropodi in cui è stato osservato il gigantismo abissale sono i <a href="/wiki/Cephalopoda" title="Cephalopoda">cefalopodi</a>, gli <a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">cnidari</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" title="Actinopterygii">pesci ossei</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Ordine_(tassonomia)" title="Ordine (tassonomia)">ordine</a> <a href="/wiki/Anguilliformes" title="Anguilliformes">Anguilliformes</a><sup id="cite_ref-MysteriousUniverse_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MysteriousUniverse-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139517313">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione{margin-bottom:.5em;font-size:95%;padding-left:2.4em;padding-right:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia{display:flex;gap:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-doppia>div{width:0;flex:1 1 0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-citazione-footer{padding:0 1.2em 0 0;margin:0}</style><div class="itwiki-template-citazione"> <div class="itwiki-template-citazione-singola"> <p>«Altri [animali] raggiungono proporzioni gigantesche. Sono soprattutto alcuni crostacei a mostrare quest'ultima peculiarità, ma non tutti i crostacei, poiché le forme simili ai gamberi nelle profondità marine sono di dimensioni ordinarie. Ho già fatto riferimento a un gigantesco <a href="/wiki/Pycnogonida" title="Pycnogonida">picnogonide</a> da noi dragato. <a href="/wiki/Louis_Agassiz" title="Louis Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> ha dragato un gigantesco isopode lungo 11 cm. Abbiamo anche dragato un gigantesco <a href="/wiki/Ostracoda" title="Ostracoda">ostracode</a>. Per oltre 125 anni, gli scienziati hanno contemplato le dimensioni estreme di <i><a href="/wiki/Bathynomus_giganteus" title="Bathynomus giganteus">Bathynomus giganteus</a></i>.» </p> </div><p class="itwiki-template-citazione-footer">(<small>Henry Nottidge Moseley, 1880</small>)</p></div><p><sup id="cite_ref-DeepSeaNews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeepSeaNews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tra gli organismi degni di nota che mostrano il gigantismo vi sono le meduse <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiburonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiburonia (la pagina non esiste)">Tiburonia</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-SmithsonianOceans_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SmithsonianOceans-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e <i><a href="/wiki/Stygiomedusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Stygiomedusa">Stygiomedusa</a></i> jellyfish, gli isopodi giganti <i><a href="/wiki/Bathynomus" title="Bathynomus">Bathynomus</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeepSeaNews_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeepSeaNews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gli ostracodi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantocypris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigantocypris (la pagina non esiste)">Gigantocypris</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeepSeaNews_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeepSeaNews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alcuni <a href="/wiki/Pycnogonida" title="Pycnogonida">picnogonidi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeepSeaNews_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeepSeaNews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> l'anfipode <i><a href="/wiki/Alicella" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicella">Alicella</a></i>, il granchio <i><a href="/wiki/Macrocheira_kaempferi" title="Macrocheira kaempferi">Macrocheira kaempferi</a></i>, il pesce osseo <i><a href="/wiki/Regalecus_glesne" title="Regalecus glesne">Regalecus glesne</a></i> o re delle aringhe, la razza <i><a href="/wiki/Plesiobatis_daviesi" title="Plesiobatis daviesi">Plesiobatis daviesi</a></i>, il <a href="/wiki/Haliphron_atlanticus" title="Haliphron atlanticus">polpo a sette braccia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hoving2017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoving2017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e numerose specie di calamari: il <a href="/wiki/Mesonychoteuthis_hamiltoni" title="Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni">calamaro colossale</a> (fino a 14 m di lunghezza)<sup id="cite_ref-Anderton_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderton-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, il <a href="/wiki/Architeuthis_dux" title="Architeuthis dux">calamaro gigante</a> (fino a 12 m)<sup id="cite_ref-Anderton_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderton-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megalocranchia_fisheri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megalocranchia fisheri (la pagina non esiste)">Megalocranchia fisheri</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Onykia_robusta" title="Onykia robusta">Onykia robusta</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Taningia_danae" title="Taningia danae">Taningia danae</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galiteuthis_phyllura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galiteuthis phyllura (la pagina non esiste)">Galiteuthis phyllura</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kondakovia_longimana" title="Kondakovia longimana">Kondakovia longimana</a></i>, e <i><a href="/wiki/Magnapinna" title="Magnapinna">Magnapinna</a> sp.</i>. </p><p>Il gigantismo abissale non è generalmente osservato nella <a href="/wiki/Meiofauna" title="Meiofauna">meiofauna</a>, ovvero gli organismi che passano attraverso un setaccio da 1 mm, che spesso mostra la tendenza inversa a diminuire le dimensioni con l'aumentare della profondità<sup id="cite_ref-Gad2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gad2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spiegazioni">Spiegazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Spiegazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Spiegazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basse_temperature">Basse temperature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Basse temperature" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Basse temperature"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nei crostacei, è stato proposto che la spiegazione dell'aumento delle dimensioni con la profondità sia simile a quella dell'aumento delle dimensioni con la <a href="/wiki/Latitudine" title="Latitudine">latitudine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Regola_di_Bergmann" title="Regola di Bergmann">regola di Bergmann</a>): entrambe le tendenze prevedono un aumento delle dimensioni con la diminuzione della temperatura<sup id="cite_ref-Timofeev_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La tendenza all'aumento di dimensioni con la latitudine è stata osservata sia nei confronti di specie affini, sia all'interno di specie ampiamente distribuite in aree a latitudini diverse<sup id="cite_ref-Timofeev_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Si crede che la diminuzione della temperatura provochi un aumento delle dimensioni delle <a href="/wiki/Cellula" title="Cellula">cellule</a> e una maggiore longevità (quest'ultima associata anche a un ritardo nel raggiungimento della <a href="/wiki/Maturit%C3%A0_sessuale" title="Maturità sessuale">maturità sessuale</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gad2005_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gad2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), entrambi i meccanismi portano a un aumento delle dimensioni massime dell'animale dato che la crescita nei crostacei continua per tutta la vita<sup id="cite_ref-Timofeev_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Anche nei mari <a href="/wiki/Artide" title="Artide">artici</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antartide" title="Antartide">antartici</a>, dove il gradiente di temperatura verticale è ridotto, si osserva una tendenza all'aumento delle dimensioni corporee con la profondità, il che depone a favore del fatto che la <a href="/wiki/Pressione_idrostatica" title="Pressione idrostatica">pressione idrostatica</a> sia un parametro importante<sup id="cite_ref-Timofeev_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La temperatura non sembra avere un ruolo simile nell'influenzare le dimensioni dei <a href="/wiki/Polychaeta" title="Polychaeta">policheti</a> <a href="/wiki/Siboglinidae" title="Siboglinidae">siboglinidi</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Riftia_pachyptila" title="Riftia pachyptila">Riftia pachyptila</a></i>, che vive in comunità di <a href="/wiki/Sorgente_idrotermale" title="Sorgente idrotermale">sorgenti idrotermali</a> a temperature ambientali di 2-30 °C,<sup id="cite_ref-Bright2008_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bright2008-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> raggiunge la lunghezza di 2,7 m, paragonabile a quella di <i><a href="/wiki/Lamellibrachia_luymesi" title="Lamellibrachia luymesi">Lamellibrachia luymesi</a></i>, che vive in sorgenti fredde e che, tuttavia, ha tassi di crescita rapidi e una vita breve di circa 2 anni<sup id="cite_ref-Lutz1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lutz1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentre l'altra ha crescita lenta e può vivere più di 250 anni<sup id="cite_ref-MacDonald2002_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacDonald2002-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scarsità_di_cibo"><span id="Scarsit.C3.A0_di_cibo"></span>Scarsità di cibo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Scarsità di cibo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Scarsità di cibo"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anche la scarsità di cibo a profondità superiori a 400 m è ritenuta una causa del gigantismo dato che le maggiori dimensioni possono migliorare la capacità di sfruttare risorse a bassa densità<sup id="cite_ref-Gad2005_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gad2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Negli organismi con stadi giovanili <a href="/wiki/Plancton" title="Plancton">planctonici</a> un altro possibile vantaggio è che le uova o le larve, di dimensioni più grandi e con maggiori riserve nutritive iniziali, possono andare alla deriva per distanze maggiori disperendosi su di un'area più vasta<sup id="cite_ref-Gad2005_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gad2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Come esempio di adattamento a questa situazione, gli isopodi giganti si nutrono abbondantemente quando è disponibile una ricca risorsa trofica, distendendo il loro corpo fino a compromettere la capacità di locomozione<sup id="cite_ref-briones_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-briones-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; in cattività sono in grado di sopravvere fino a 5 anni senza alimentarsi<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ISOPODNO1DEAD_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISOPODNO1DEAD-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Secondo la legge di Kleiber <sup id="cite_ref-Kleiber1947_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleiber1947-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> più un animale diventa grande più il suo metabolismo diventa efficiente: in altre parole, il <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo_basale" title="Metabolismo basale">metabolismo basale</a> di un animale aumenta all'incirca della potenza di ¾ della sua massa. In condizioni di limitata disponibilità di nutrimento, ciò può fornire un ulteriore vantaggio ad organismi di dimensioni maggiori. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ridotta_pressione_di_predazione">Ridotta pressione di predazione</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Ridotta pressione di predazione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Ridotta pressione di predazione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un'altra possibile causa è la riduzione della pressione di predazione nelle acque più profonde<sup id="cite_ref-Harper2016_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Uno studio sui <a href="/wiki/Brachiopoda" title="Brachiopoda">brachiopodi</a> ha mostrato che la predazione era quasi un ordine di grandezza meno frequente alle maggiori profondità rispetto ad acque meno profonde<sup id="cite_ref-Harper2016_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harper2016-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aumento_dell'ossigeno_disciolto"><span id="Aumento_dell.27ossigeno_disciolto"></span>Aumento dell'ossigeno disciolto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Aumento dell'ossigeno disciolto" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Aumento dell'ossigeno disciolto"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Si ritiene che anche i livelli di ossigeno disciolto svolgano un ruolo nel gigantismo delle profondità marine. Uno studio del 1999 sui crostacei bentonici <a href="/wiki/Amphipoda" title="Amphipoda">anfipodi</a> ha riscontrato che la dimensione massima potenziale dell'organismo è direttamente correlata all'aumento dei livelli di ossigeno disciolto nelle acque più profonde<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È noto che la solubilità dell'ossigeno disciolto negli oceani aumenta con la profondità a causa dell'aumento della pressione e della diminuzione dei livelli di salinità e temperatura<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La spiegazione ipotizzata per questa tendenza è che il gigantismo delle profondità marine possa essere una caratteristica adattativa per combattere l'asfissia nelle acque oceaniche<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gli organismi più grandi sono in grado di assorbire più ossigeno disciolto nell'oceano, consentendo una respirazione adeguata. Tuttavia, questo maggiore assorbimento di ossigeno comporta il rischio di tossicità: un organismo può avere livelli di ossigeno così elevati da diventare tossico<sup id="cite_ref-:1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galleria">Galleria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Galleria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Galleria"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 169.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 167.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_isopod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="L'isopode (Bathynomus giganteus) può raggiungere una lunghezza di 76 cm."><img alt="L'isopode (Bathynomus giganteus) può raggiungere una lunghezza di 76 cm." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Giant_isopod.jpg/251px-Giant_isopod.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Giant_isopod.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">L'isopode (<i><a href="/wiki/Bathynomus_giganteus" title="Bathynomus giganteus">Bathynomus giganteus</a></i>) può raggiungere una lunghezza di 76 cm.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_spider_crab.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un granchio gigante del Giappone le cui zampe distese misuravano 3,7 metri di larghezza."><img alt="Un granchio gigante del Giappone le cui zampe distese misuravano 3,7 metri di larghezza." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Japanese_spider_crab.jpg/291px-Japanese_spider_crab.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Japanese_spider_crab.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="365" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <a href="/wiki/Macrocheira_kaempferi" title="Macrocheira kaempferi">granchio gigante del Giappone</a> le cui zampe distese misuravano 3,7 metri di larghezza.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Onykia robusta, un cefalopode il cui mantello raggiunge 2 m, catturato in Alaska."><img alt="Onykia robusta, un cefalopode il cui mantello raggiunge 2 m, catturato in Alaska." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg/214px-Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg/320px-Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg/427px-Moroteuthis_robusta_bronco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Onykia_robusta" title="Onykia robusta">Onykia robusta</a></i>, un cefalopode il cui mantello raggiunge 2 m, catturato in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 566px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 564px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Giant_Oarfish.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Un re delle aringhe di 7 metri spiaggiato in California."><img alt="Un re delle aringhe di 7 metri spiaggiato in California." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Giant_Oarfish.jpg/846px-Giant_Oarfish.jpg" decoding="async" width="564" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Giant_Oarfish.jpg/1268px-Giant_Oarfish.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Giant_Oarfish.jpg/1691px-Giant_Oarfish.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1716" data-file-height="609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Un <a href="/wiki/Regalecus_glesne" title="Regalecus glesne">re delle aringhe</a> di 7 metri spiaggiato in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Colossendeis colossea, un picnogonide gigante in mostra allo Smithsonian Institution."><img alt="Colossendeis colossea, un picnogonide gigante in mostra allo Smithsonian Institution." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/450px-Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/675px-Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg/900px-Colossendeis_colossea_Smithsonian_Natural_History_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Colossendeis_colossea" title="Colossendeis colossea">Colossendeis colossea</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Pycnogonida" title="Pycnogonida">picnogonide</a> gigante in mostra allo <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 173.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 171.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stygiomedusa_Gigantea_ov.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stygiomedusa, una medusa che può raggiungere i 10 m di lunghezza."><img alt="Stygiomedusa, una medusa che può raggiungere i 10 m di lunghezza." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Stygiomedusa_Gigantea_ov.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="281" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Stygiomedusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Stygiomedusa">Stygiomedusa</a></i>, una medusa che può raggiungere i 10 m di lunghezza.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 321.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 319.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Plesiobatis_daviesi_cochin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plesiobatis daviesi, una razza abissale che può arrivare a una taglia di 2.7 x 1.5 m."><img alt="Plesiobatis daviesi, una razza abissale che può arrivare a una taglia di 2.7 x 1.5 m." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Plesiobatis_daviesi_cochin.jpg/479px-Plesiobatis_daviesi_cochin.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Plesiobatis_daviesi_cochin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="401" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Plesiobatis_daviesi" title="Plesiobatis daviesi">Plesiobatis daviesi</a></i>, una razza abissale che può arrivare a una taglia di 2.7 x 1.5 m.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesce_abissale" title="Pesce abissale">Pesce abissale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanismo_insulare" title="Nanismo insulare">Nanismo insulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigantismo_insulare" title="Gigantismo insulare">Gigantismo insulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_adopelagica" title="Zona adopelagica">Zona adopelagica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_abissopelagica" title="Zona abissopelagica">Zona abissopelagica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">Megafauna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigantismo_abissale&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Timofeev-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Timofeev_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Timofeev_1-1">b</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Timofeev_1-2">c</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a 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