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William Melton - Wikipedia

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href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="وليام ميلتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام ميلتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Мелтон, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мелтон, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8015555#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">English archbishop of York and royal official (died 1340)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named William Melton, see <a href="/wiki/William_Melton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="William Melton (disambiguation)">William Melton (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div style="display:inline" class="fn">William Melton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishop_de_Melton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="175 x 117"><img alt="175 x 117" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Archbishop_de_Melton.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="117" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">William Melton</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elected</th><td class="infobox-data">December 1315</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Installed</th><td class="infobox-data">unknown</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">5 April 1340</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">William Greenfield</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provost_of_Beverley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Provost of Beverley (page does not exist)">Provost of Beverley</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1317</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 April 1340<br /><a href="/wiki/Cawood" title="Cawood">Cawood Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Melton</b> (died 5 April 1340) was the 43rd <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a> (1317–1340) and the first <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melton was the son of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_of_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas of Melton (page does not exist)">Nicholas of Melton</a>, and the brother of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_de_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry de Melton (page does not exist)">Henry de Melton</a>, and John Melton. He was born in <a href="/wiki/Melton,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Melton, East Riding of Yorkshire">Melton</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Welton,_East_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire">Welton</a>, about nine miles from <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Kingston upon Hull</a>. He was a contemporary of <a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">John Hotham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Chancellor of England">Chancellor of England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Ely" title="Bishop of Ely">Bishop of Ely</a>. The two prelates were often associated in public matters and were the most powerful churchmen of their period in England. </p><p>Melton was <a href="/wiki/Controller_of_the_Wardrobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Controller of the Wardrobe">Controller of the Wardrobe</a> at the accession of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a> in 1307 and was a pluralist through and through at the time of his elevation to the see of York. Among other things, he was also <a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Barnstaple" title="Archdeacon of Barnstaple">Archdeacon of Barnstaple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Provost_of_Beverley_Minster" title="Provost of Beverley Minster">Provost of Beverley</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> from 1307 to about 1312, having been Dean of St. Martin's-le-Grand at that time also.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook93_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook93-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_wardrobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Keeper of the wardrobe">Keeper of the Household Wardrobe</a> from 1314 to 1316. He was elected by the chapter of York within a month of Archbishop <a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">Greenfield</a>'s death, in December 1315, but difficulties arose and he was not consecrated until September 1317, at <a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXII" title="Pope John XXII">Pope John XXII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook282_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook282-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While serving as archbishop, Melton had to deal with numerous cases of fugitive or rebellious nuns at the <a href="/wiki/Benedictine" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictine">Benedictine</a> <a href="/wiki/Nunnery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunnery">nunnery</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Clement%27s_by_York&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St Clement&#39;s by York (page does not exist)">St Clement's by York</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Leeds" title="Joan of Leeds">Joan of Leeds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVCH1974129,_131_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVCH1974129,_131-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout Melton's archiepiscopate, he was actively concerned with the affairs of Scotland. Between 1318 and 1322, the Scots, under <a href="/wiki/James_Douglas,_Lord_of_Douglas" title="James Douglas, Lord of Douglas">James Douglas, Lord of Douglas</a>, made raids into <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, devastating great parts of the country, destroying churches and sacking the richest monasteries. These continued raids led to a dispute between the <a href="/wiki/City_of_York" title="City of York">City of York</a> and Melton regarding the responsibility for the upkeep of part of the city's <a href="/wiki/Motte_and_bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Motte and bailey">motte and bailey</a> defences known as the <a href="/wiki/Old_Baile" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Baile">Old Baile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the raid of 1319, the King was at the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Berwick_(1318)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Berwick (1318)">siege of Berwick</a> and much of the trained soldiery was there with him. Archbishop Melton collected what men he could and led them against the Scots. Clergy, friars and citizens of York were accordingly gathered and the result was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Myton" title="Battle of Myton">Battle of Myton</a> (12 October 1319) on the Swale, in which the English were entirely routed. <a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_France" title="Isabella of France">Queen Isabella</a>, who was in York at the time, managed to escape to safety at Nottingham. So many clergy died, mainly trying to swim the River Swale to escape, that Scots referred to it as the Chapter of Myton. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Connected with the Scottish raids of 1322 was the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boroughbridge" title="Battle of Boroughbridge">battle of Boroughbridge</a>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Thomas,_2nd_Earl_of_Lancaster" title="Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster">Earl of Lancaster</a> was taken prisoner, led from <a href="/wiki/Boroughbridge" title="Boroughbridge">Boroughbridge</a> to his own castle of Pontefract and there beheaded. Archbishop Melton had aided Lancaster at one point, and seems, in consequence, to have fallen into some disfavour with Edward II. By 1325 however, the King's good opinion had been recovered, since Melton then became <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord Treasurer of England</a> until 1326.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook104_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Melton did not desert Edward II in his latter days, regarding his imprisonment with great displeasure. Nor was he present at the coronation of <a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a>, and is said afterwards to have been engaged in a dangerous intrigue to upset the new government, for which he was arrested, though acquitted. In January 1328, Melton married the young king to <a href="/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault" title="Philippa of Hainault">Philippa of Hainault</a>. In 1330 he was reappointed Treasurer, but left the office in 1331.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook104_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_and_legacy">Work and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Work and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melton completed the building of the nave of <a href="/wiki/York_Minster" title="York Minster">York Minster</a> and his figure still remains above the great western portal. He is said to have assisted largely in building <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Church,_Patrington" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick&#39;s Church, Patrington">St. Patrick's Church, Patrington</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Holderness" title="Holderness">Holderness</a>, and certainly gave much toward the fabric of <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Minster" title="Beverley Minster">Beverley Minster</a>. He died on 5 April 1340<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook282_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook282-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at Cawood Palace, and was buried in the north aisle of the nave at York Minster, a memorial window installed shortly after his death being transferred to <a href="/wiki/St_James%27_Church,_High_Melton" title="St James&#39; Church, High Melton">St James' Church, High Melton</a> in the 1790s by the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_York" title="Dean of York">Dean of York</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Fountayne" title="John Fountayne">John Fountayne</a>. </p><p>Melton died very wealthy, having custody of many manors and estates. His heir was his nephew, William Melton of <a href="/wiki/Aston,_South_Yorkshire" title="Aston, South Yorkshire">Aston</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Sheffield" title="Sheffield">Sheffield</a>, who was the progenitor of one of the most powerful knightly families in the south of Yorkshire. </p><p>Melton kept a detailed log of his activities while he was Archbishop of York, published as <i>The Register of William Melton</i> in five volumes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_(England)" title="Secretary of State (England)">Secretary of State (England)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Handbook93-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook93_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fryde, et al. <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook282-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook282_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook282_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fryde, et al. <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2019" class="citation news cs1">Burgess, K. (12 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nun-faked-her-death-to-pursue-life-oflust-2v50pnpwc">"Nun faked her death to pursue life of lust"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200224145059/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/nun-faked-her-death-to-pursue-life-oflust-2v50pnpwc">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Nun+faked+her+death+to+pursue+life+of+lust&amp;rft.date=2019-02-12&amp;rft.aulast=Burgess&amp;rft.aufirst=K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fnun-faked-her-death-to-pursue-life-oflust-2v50pnpwc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVCH1974129,_131-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVCH1974129,_131_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVCH1974">VCH 1974</a>, pp.&#160;129, 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper <i>York</i> p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/york/vol2/pp87-89#anchorn6">"The Old Baile"</a>. <i>in An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in City of York</i>. London: British History Online. 1972. pp.&#160;87–89<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=in+An+Inventory+of+the+Historical+Monuments+in+City+of+York&amp;rft.atitle=The+Old+Baile&amp;rft.pages=87-89&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Frchme%2Fyork%2Fvol2%2Fpp87-89%23anchorn6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow1988" class="citation book cs1">Barrow, Geoffrey W.S. (1988). <i>Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland</i>. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press. p.&#160;239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Robert+Bruce+and+the+Community+of+the+Realm+of+Scotland&amp;rft.place=Edinburgh%2C+Scotland&amp;rft.pages=239&amp;rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.aulast=Barrow&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+W.S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook104-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook104_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Handbook104_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fryde, et al. <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> p. 104</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_Thomas_Parsons1904" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Thomas Parsons (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yorkstoryofitswa00cooprich"><i>York: the Story of Its Walls, Bars, and Castles: Being a Complete History, and Pictorial Record of the Defences of the City of York, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day</i></a>. E. Stock.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=York%3A+the+Story+of+Its+Walls%2C+Bars%2C+and+Castles%3A+Being+a+Complete+History%2C+and+Pictorial+Record+of+the+Defences+of+the+City+of+York%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Present+Day&amp;rft.pub=E.+Stock&amp;rft.date=1904&amp;rft.au=Cooper%2C+Thomas+Parsons&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyorkstoryofitswa00cooprich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFryde,_E._B.Greenway,_D._E.Porter,_S.Roy,_I.1996" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&amp;pg=PA94"><i>Handbook of British Chronology</i></a> (3rd&#160;ed.). Cambridge: University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56350-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56350-5"><bdi>978-0-521-56350-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=University+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-56350-5&amp;rft.au=Fryde%2C+E.+B.&amp;rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.&amp;rft.au=Porter%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Roy%2C+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzcgxEvGAK_kC%26pg%3DPA94&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVCH1974" class="citation book cs1">VCH (1974). Page, W. (ed.). <i>The City of York</i>. Vol.&#160;III. London: Victoria County History. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/220761750">220761750</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+City+of+York&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Victoria+County+History&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F220761750&amp;rft.au=VCH&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Melton&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrocklesby1997" class="citation book cs1">Brocklesby, R., ed. (1997). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume IV</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;85.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+IV&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1977" class="citation book cs1">Hill, R. M. T., ed. (1977). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume I</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+I&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill1988" class="citation book cs1">Hill, R. M. T., ed. (1988). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume III</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+III&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1977" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, D., ed. (1977). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume II</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;71.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+II&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2011" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, D., ed. (2011). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume VI</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;101.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+VI&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimmins2002" class="citation book cs1">Timmins, T. C. B., ed. (2002). <i>The Register of William Melton, Archbishop of York, 1317–1340, volume V</i>. <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_%26_York_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury &amp; York Society">Canterbury &amp; York Society</a>. Vol.&#160;93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Register+of+William+Melton%2C+Archbishop+of+York%2C+1317%E2%80%931340%2C+volume+V&amp;rft.series=Canterbury+%26+York+Society&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+Melton" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Privy_Seal" title="Lord Privy Seal">Lord Privy Seal</a> </b><br />1307–1312 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Northburgh" title="Roger Northburgh">Roger Northburgh</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Stapledon" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Stapledon">Walter de Stapledon</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a> </b><br />1325–1326 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Robert Wodehouse</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurer</a> </b><br />1330–1331 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Ayermin" title="William Ayermin">William Ayermin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">William Greenfield</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of York</a> </b><br />1317–1340 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="English_Lord_High_Treasurers_under_the_House_of_Plantagenet_(1216–1399)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Lord_High_Treasurer" title="Lord High Treasurer">Lord High Treasurers</a> under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Plantagenet" title="House of Plantagenet">House of Plantagenet</a> (1216–1399)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a><br />(1216–1272)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_of_Fauconberg" title="Eustace of Fauconberg">Eustace of Fauconberg</a> (1217–1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mauclerk" title="Walter Mauclerk">Walter Mauclerk</a> (1228–1233)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_de_Rivaux" title="Peter de Rivaux">Peter de Rivaux</a> (1233–1234)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Pateshull" title="Hugh de Pateshull">Hugh de Pateshull</a> (1234–1240)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Haverhill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Haverhill (page does not exist)">William Haverhill</a> (1240–1252)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Coventry#List_of_archdeacons" title="Archdeacon of Coventry">Philip Lovel</a> (1252–1258)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crakehall" title="John Crakehall">John Crakehall</a> (1258–1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbot_of_Peterborough" title="Abbot of Peterborough">John of Caux</a> (1260–1263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_of_Ely" title="Nicholas of Ely">Nicholas of Ely</a> (May–July 1263)</li> <li>Henry, <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Radegund%27s_Abbey" title="St. Radegund&#39;s Abbey">St. Radegund</a> (July–November 1263)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a> (November 1263)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_de_la_Leye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger de la Leye (page does not exist)">Roger de la Leye</a> (November 1263–1264)</li> <li>Henry, <a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior</a> of <a href="/wiki/St._Radegund%27s_Abbey" title="St. Radegund&#39;s Abbey">St. Radegund</a> (1264–1265)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Wymondham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Wymondham (page does not exist)">Thomas Wymondham</a> (1265–1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chishull" title="John Chishull">John Chishull</a> (1270–1271)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_of_Eye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip of Eye (page does not exist)">Philip of Eye</a> (1271–1272)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_arms_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/100px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/150px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Royal_arms_of_England.svg/200px-Royal_arms_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a><br />(1272–1307)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_of_Eye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip of Eye (page does not exist)">Philip of Eye</a> (1272–1273)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Joseph_of_Chauncy" title="Joseph of Chauncy">Joseph of Chauncy</a> (1273–1280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Ware" title="Richard of Ware">Richard of Ware</a> (1280–1283)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kirkby_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="John Kirkby (bishop of Ely)">John Kirkby</a> (1284–1290)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_March" title="William of March">William of March</a> (1290–1295)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Droxford" title="John Droxford">John Droxford</a> (August–September 1295)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Langton" title="Walter Langton">Walter Langton</a> (1295–1307)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II</a><br />(1307–1327)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a> (1307–1310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">John Sandale</a> (1310–1311)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Norwich">Walter Norwich</a> (1311–1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Langton" title="Walter Langton">Walter Langton</a> (January–May 1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Norwich">Walter Norwich</a> (May–October 1312)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">John Sandale</a> (October 1312–1314)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Norwich">Walter Norwich</a> (1314–1317)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hotham_(bishop)" title="John Hotham (bishop)">John Hotham</a> (1317–June 1318)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Walwayn" title="John Walwayn">John Walwayn</a> (June–November 1318)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sandale" title="John Sandale">John Sandale</a> (November 1318–1319)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Norwich">Walter Norwich</a> (1319–1320)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Stapledon" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Stapledon">Walter de Stapledon</a> (1320–1321)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Norwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Norwich">Walter Norwich</a> (1321–1322)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Stapledon" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Stapledon">Walter de Stapledon</a> (1322–1325)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Melton</a> (1325–1326)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a> (1326–January 1327)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edward_III_of_England" title="Edward III of England">Edward III</a><br />(1327–1377)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Orleton" title="Adam Orleton">Adam Orleton</a> (January–March 1327)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Burghersh" title="Henry Burghersh">Henry Burghersh</a> (1327–1328)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Charlton_(bishop)" title="Thomas Charlton (bishop)">Thomas Charlton</a> (1328–1329)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Robert Wodehouse</a> (1329–1330)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Melton</a> (1330–1331)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ayermin" title="William Ayermin">William Ayermin</a> (1331–1332)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Ayleston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Ayleston (page does not exist)">Robert Ayleston</a> (1332–1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Bury" title="Richard de Bury">Richard de Bury</a> (March–August 1334)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Burghersh" title="Henry Burghersh">Henry Burghersh</a> (August 1334–1337)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a> (1337–1338)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wodehouse" title="Robert Wodehouse">Robert Wodehouse</a> (March–December 1338)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a> (December 1338–May 1340)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sadington" title="Robert Sadington">Robert Sadington</a> (May–June 1340)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Northburgh" title="Roger Northburgh">Roger Northburgh</a> (June–December 1340)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Parning" title="Robert Parning">Robert Parning</a> (January–October 1341)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cusance" title="William Cusance">William Cusance</a> (October 1341–1344)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a> (1344–1356)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sheppey" title="John Sheppey">John Sheppey</a> (1356–1360)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a> (1360–1363)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barnet" title="John Barnet">John Barnet</a> (1363–1369)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Brantingham" title="Thomas de Brantingham">Thomas de Brantingham</a> (1369–1371)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Scrope,_1st_Baron_Scrope_of_Bolton" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton">1st Baron Scrope of Bolton</a> (1371–1375)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Ashton" title="Robert de Ashton">Robert de Ashton</a> (1375–January 1377)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wakefield_(bishop_of_Worcester)" title="Henry Wakefield (bishop of Worcester)">Henry Wakefield</a> (January–July 1377)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a><br />(1377–1399)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Brantingham" title="Thomas de Brantingham">Thomas de Brantingham</a> (July 1377–February 1381)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hales_(knight)" title="Robert Hales (knight)">Robert Hales</a> (February–June 1381)</li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Segrave" title="Hugh Segrave">Hugh Segrave</a> (August 1381–January 1386)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fordham_(bishop)" title="John Fordham (bishop)">John Fordham</a> (January–October 1386)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(bishop_of_St_David%27s)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gilbert (bishop of St David&#39;s)">John Gilbert</a> (October 1386–May 1389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Brantingham" title="Thomas de Brantingham">Thomas de Brantingham</a> (May–August 1389)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(bishop_of_St_David%27s)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gilbert (bishop of St David&#39;s)">John Gilbert</a> (August 1389–1391)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Waltham" title="John Waltham">John Waltham</a> (1391–1395)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a> (1395–January 1398)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Mone" title="Guy Mone">Guy Mone</a> (January–September 1398)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Scrope,_Earl_of_Wiltshire" class="mw-redirect" title="William Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire">William Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire</a> (September 1398–July 1399)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Template:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Template talk:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bishops and Archbishops of York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Bishops and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishops of York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> bishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulinus_of_York" title="Paulinus of York">Paulinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_of_Mercia" title="Chad of Mercia">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid" title="Wilfrid">Wilfrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosa_of_York" title="Bosa of York">Bosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Beverley" title="John of Beverley">John of Beverley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_II_(bishop_of_York)" title="Wilfrid II (bishop of York)">Wilfrid II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Reformation<br />archbishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecgbert_of_York" title="Ecgbert of York">Egbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbert_of_York" title="Æthelbert of York">Æthelbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanbald_(died_796)" title="Eanbald (died 796)">Eanbald I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanbald_(floruit_798)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eanbald (floruit 798)">Eanbald II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfsige_of_York" title="Wulfsige of York">Wulfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigmund_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Wigmund (archbishop of York)">Wigmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_York" title="Wulfhere of York">Wulfhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelbald_of_York" title="Æthelbald of York">Æthelbald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrotheweard" title="Hrotheweard">Hrotheweard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_956)" title="Wulfstan (died 956)">Wulfstan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscytel" title="Oscytel">Oscytel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwald" title="Edwald">Edwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Worcester" title="Oswald of Worcester">Oswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdwulf_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdwulf (archbishop of York)">Ealdwulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_(died_1023)" title="Wulfstan (died 1023)">Wulfstan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_Puttoc" title="Ælfric Puttoc">Ælfric Puttoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynesige" title="Cynesige">Cynesige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ealdred_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Ealdred (archbishop of York)">Ealdred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Bayeux" title="Thomas of Bayeux">Thomas of Bayeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Gerard (archbishop of York)">Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_II_of_York" title="Thomas II of York">Thomas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurstan" title="Thurstan">Thurstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_York" title="William of York">William FitzHerbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Murdac" title="Henry Murdac">Henry Murdac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_of_York" title="William of York">William FitzHerbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Pont_L%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Roger de Pont L&#39;Évêque">Roger de Pont L'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Geoffrey (archbishop of York)">Geoffrey Plantagenet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langton_(priest)" title="Simon Langton (priest)">Simon Langton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gray" title="Walter de Gray">Walter de Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewal_de_Bovil" title="Sewal de Bovil">Sewal de Bovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Ludham" title="Godfrey Ludham">Godfrey Ludham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Langton" title="William Langton">William Langton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Giffard" title="Walter Giffard">Walter Giffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Wickwane" title="William de Wickwane">William de Wickwane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_le_Romeyn" title="John le Romeyn">John le Romeyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Newark" title="Henry of Newark">Henry of Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Corbridge" title="Thomas of Corbridge">Thomas of Corbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Greenfield" title="William Greenfield">William Greenfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William Melton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Zouche" title="William Zouche">William Zouche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Thoresby" title="John of Thoresby">John of Thoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Neville" title="Alexander Neville">Alexander Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Waldby" title="Robert Waldby">Robert Waldby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Scrope_(bishop)" title="Richard Scrope (bishop)">Richard le Scrope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langley" title="Thomas Langley">Thomas Langley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hallam" title="Robert Hallam">Robert Hallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bowet" title="Henry Bowet">Henry Bowet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Morgan_(bishop)" title="Philip Morgan (bishop)">Philip Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fleming_(bishop)" title="Richard Fleming (bishop)">Richard Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Booth_(bishop)" title="William Booth (bishop)">William Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Neville_(bishop)" title="George Neville (bishop)">George Neville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Booth" title="Lawrence Booth">Lawrence Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rotherham" title="Thomas Rotherham">Thomas Rotherham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(bishop)" title="Thomas Savage (bishop)">Thomas Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bainbridge" title="Christopher Bainbridge">Christopher Bainbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Wolsey" title="Thomas Wolsey">Thomas Wolsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation<br />archbishops</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lee_(bishop)" title="Edward Lee (bishop)">Edward Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Holgate" title="Robert Holgate">Robert Holgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Heath" title="Nicholas Heath">Nicholas Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Young_(bishop)" title="Thomas Young (bishop)">Thomas Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Sandys_(bishop)" title="Edwin Sandys (bishop)">Edwin Sandys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piers" title="John Piers">John Piers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of York)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Matthew" title="Tobias Matthew">Tobias Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Montaigne" title="George Montaigne">George Montaigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Harsnett" title="Samuel Harsnett">Samuel Harsnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neile" title="Richard Neile">Richard Neile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accepted_Frewen" title="Accepted Frewen">Accepted Frewen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sterne_(bishop)" title="Richard Sterne (bishop)">Richard Sterne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dolben" title="John Dolben">John Dolben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lamplugh" title="Thomas Lamplugh">Thomas Lamplugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_(bishop)" title="John Sharp (bishop)">John Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Dawes,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir William Dawes, 3rd Baronet">Sir William Dawes Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Blackburne" title="Lancelot Blackburne">Lancelot Blackburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herring" title="Thomas Herring">Thomas Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gilbert_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Gilbert (archbishop of York)">John Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hay_Drummond" title="Robert Hay Drummond">Robert Hay Drummond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Markham_(bishop)" title="William Markham (bishop)">William Markham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Venables-Vernon-Harcourt" title="Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt">Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Musgrave_(bishop)" title="Thomas Musgrave (bishop)">Thomas Musgrave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomson_(bishop)" title="William Thomson (bishop)">William Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Connor_Magee" title="William Connor Magee">William Connor Magee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Maclagan" title="William Maclagan">William Maclagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Garbett" title="Cyril Garbett">Cyril Garbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Blanch" title="Stuart Blanch">Stuart Blanch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Habgood" title="John Habgood">John Habgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hope,_Baron_Hope_of_Thornes" title="David Hope, Baron Hope of Thornes">David Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sentamu" title="John Sentamu">John Sentamu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ferguson_(bishop)" title="Paul Ferguson (bishop)">Paul Ferguson</a> (acting diocesan)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cottrell" title="Stephen Cottrell">Stephen Cottrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015555#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015555#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8015555#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010899313X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/49384410">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1834314/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdgYVgHF6wCd9pxhFHgrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119068036">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr98015593">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13533441g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13533441g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987012527473205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119068036.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119068036">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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