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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Samenstelling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Samenstelling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Samenstelling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Samenstelling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geurspoor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geurspoor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geurspoor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geurspoor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parfumtypen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parfumtypen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Parfumtypen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parfumtypen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificatie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificatie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classificatie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificatie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beroemde_parfums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beroemde_parfums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Beroemde parfums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beroemde_parfums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgave" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Parfum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 94 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reukwater" title="Reukwater – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Reukwater" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%BCm" title="Parfüm – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Parfüm" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%B1" title="عطر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عطر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بارفان – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بارفان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Ftir" title="Ətir – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ətir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahamot" title="Pahamot – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pahamot" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8E%D0%BC" title="Парфюм – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парфюм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF" title="সুগন্ধি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুগন্ধি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfem" title="Parfem – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Parfem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfum" title="Perfum – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Perfum" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%A9m" title="Parfém – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Parfém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persawr" title="Persawr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Persawr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfume" title="Parfume – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Parfume" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%BCm" title="Parfüm – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parfüm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfum" title="Perfum – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Perfum" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Άρωμα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άρωμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf%C3%B9m" title="Perfùm – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Perfùm" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfumo" title="Parfumo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Parfumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B5hna%C3%B5li" title="Lõhnaõli – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lõhnaõli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurrin" title="Lurrin – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurrin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehumi" title="Prehumi – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Prehumi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B7%D8%B1" title="عطر – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عطر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="aanbevolen artikel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajuvesi" title="Hajuvesi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hajuvesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfum" title="Parfum – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parfum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhr%C3%A1n" title="Cumhrán – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cumhrán" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turare" title="Turare – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turare" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9D" title="בושם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בושם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="इत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfem" title="Parfem – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Parfem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pafen" title="Pafen – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pafen" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%BCm" title="Parfüm – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Parfüm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84" title="Օծանելիք – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օծանելիք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumo" title="Perfumo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Perfumo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfum" title="Parfum – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Parfum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfumo" title="Parfumo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Parfumo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmvatn" title="Ilmvatn – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ilmvatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profumo" title="Profumo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Profumo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4" title="香水 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="香水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfum" title="Parfum – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Parfum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="პარფიუმერია – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარფიუმერია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80" title="Әтір – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Әтір" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A7_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸುಗಂಧ ದ್ರವ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುಗಂಧ ದ್ರವ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%A5%EC%88%98" title="향수 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="향수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%BBm" title="Parfûm – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Parfûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Атыр – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Атыр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquor_odoratus" title="Liquor odoratus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liquor odoratus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvepalai" title="Kvepalai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvepalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smar%C5%BEas" title="Smaržas – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Smaržas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Парфем – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парфем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="സുഗന്ധലേപനങ്ങൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുഗന്ധലേപനങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_wangi" title="Minyak wangi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Minyak wangi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ရေမွှေး – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေမွှေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0" title="अत्तर – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अत्तर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfyme" title="Parfyme – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Parfyme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfyme" title="Parfyme – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Parfyme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfum" title="Perfum – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Perfum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A7%E0%AC%BF" title="ସୁଗନ୍ଧି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସୁଗନ୍ଧି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਤਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfumy" title="Perfumy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Perfumy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="پرفیوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پرفیوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfum" title="Parfum – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Parfum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Духи – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Духи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A0uru" title="Ciàuru – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciàuru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfem" title="Parfem – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Parfem" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B3_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="සුවඳ විලවුන් – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සුවඳ විලවුන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perfume" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%C5%88avka" title="Voňavka – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voňavka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfum" title="Parfum – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Parfum" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadar" title="Cadar – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cadar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfumi" title="Parfumi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Parfumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Парфем – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парфем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyak_seungit" title="Minyak seungit – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Minyak seungit" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfym" title="Parfym – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parfym" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marashi" title="Marashi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Marashi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="అత్తరు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అత్తరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80" title="Атр – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Атр" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1" title="น้ำหอม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำหอม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pabango" title="Pabango – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pabango" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parf%C3%BCm" title="Parfüm – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parfüm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Парфум – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парфум" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%88" title="خوشبو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوشبو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atir" title="Atir – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Atir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_hoa" title="Nước hoa – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước hoa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahumot" title="Pahumot – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pahumot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4" title="香水 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="香水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פארפום – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פארפום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4" title="香水 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phang-ch%C3%BAi" title="Phang-chúi – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phang-chúi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B0%B4" title="香水 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="香水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG/260px-Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG/390px-Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG/520px-Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Parfumflacon met verstuiver</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Parfum</b> is een geurend mengsel dat bestaat uit mengsel van <a href="/wiki/Geurstof" title="Geurstof">geurstoffen</a> in een <a href="/wiki/Oplosmiddel" title="Oplosmiddel">oplosmiddel</a>. Het woord 'parfum' is afgeleid van het Latijnse woord 'perfumus', wat 'rook' betekent en verwijst naar de traditionele methode om 'geur' te verspreiden in de <a href="/wiki/Oudheid" title="Oudheid">oudheid</a>. Parfum werd al in de <a href="/wiki/Oudheid" title="Oudheid">oudheid</a> sinds drieduizend jaar voor Christus <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gebruikt voor cosmetische doeleinden en om bij religieuze ceremonies het lichaam te zuiveren. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Samenstelling">Samenstelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Samenstelling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Samenstelling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bij de gangbaarste parfums is dat oplosmiddel <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a>, maar parfums op basis van vettige stoffen zijn in opkomst.Daarnaast bevat parfum vaak een <a href="/wiki/Fixatiemiddel_(parfum)" title="Fixatiemiddel (parfum)">fixatiemiddel</a> en ook één of meer kleurstoffen.De geurstoffen zijn grofweg te verdelen in <a href="/wiki/Aromachemicali%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromachemicaliën">aromachemicaliën</a>, <a href="/wiki/Etherische_olie" title="Etherische olie">etherische olie</a> en andere geurende plantenextracten zoals <a href="/wiki/Tinctuur_(oplossing)" title="Tinctuur (oplossing)">tincturen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Absolue" title="Absolue">absolues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resino%C3%AFde" title="Resinoïde">resinoïden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Concr%C3%A8te_(stof)" title="Concrète (stof)">concrètes</a>. Dierlijke geurstoffen zoals <a href="/wiki/Amber_(potvis)" title="Amber (potvis)">ambergris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskus" title="Muskus">muskus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civetkat" class="mw-redirect" title="Civetkat">civet</a> en <a href="/wiki/Castoreum" title="Castoreum">castoreum</a> worden vrijwel niet meer gebruikt. De geurstoffen voor zalven, wateren en geparfumeerde oliën werden vooral verkregen door <a href="/wiki/Maceratie" title="Maceratie">maceratie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Extractie_(scheikunde)" title="Extractie (scheikunde)">extractie</a> van stoffen uit aromatische planten, houtsoorten en harsen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geurspoor">Geurspoor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geurspoor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geurspoor"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parfum laat een individueel geurspoor achter als dit op de huid wordt gedragen. Dit spoor, ook wel <i>sillage</i> ("kielzog" in het Frans) genoemd, is per individu verschillend vanwege de interactie tussen huid en parfum. De geur verspreidt zich achter de drager terwijl deze zich voortbeweegt, is onafhankelijk van de sterkte van het parfum maar wordt beïnvoed door de beweging, de omgevingswarmte en de individuele huideigenschappen. Aan het parfum toegevoegde hulpstoffen als muskus kunnen het effect versterken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parfumtypen">Parfumtypen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Parfumtypen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Parfumtypen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Parfum of parfumextract: 20-40% geurbestanddelen</li> <li>Eau de parfum: 15-20% geurbestanddelen</li> <li>Eau de toilette: 5-15% geurbestanddelen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_cologne" title="Eau de cologne">Eau de cologne</a>: 2-5% geurbestanddelen</li> <li>Eau de solide: ca. 1% geurbestanddelen</li></ul> <p>Een mengsel bestaande uit 80 tot 95% alcohol en water wordt gebruikt als oplosmiddel voor de <a href="/wiki/Geur" title="Geur">geurbestanddelen</a>. De alcohol verdampt vrij snel, maar de geurbestanddelen blijven op de huid achter en vervluchtigen in de uren na het opbrengen. Bij het aanbrengen van een parfum is het belangrijk niet direct te willen ruiken, de neus zal immers tijdelijk verdoofd worden door nog verdampende oplosmiddelen. </p><p>Omdat sommige bestanddelen van een parfum snel <a href="/wiki/Vluchtigheid_(stof)" title="Vluchtigheid (stof)">vervluchtigen</a> en andere bestanddelen lang op de <a href="/wiki/Huid" title="Huid">huid</a> blijven, ruikt een parfum niet telkens hetzelfde; net opgebracht zijn andere geuren dominanter dan na een paar uur. </p><p>Een klassiek opgebouwd parfum bestaat uit drie soorten "noten": topnoten, hartnoten en basisnoten. </p> <ul><li><b>Topnoten</b> (bovennoten, hoofdnoten, <i>tête</i>) zijn de geuren die in de eerste minuten na het opbrengen dominant zijn. Deze geuren zijn vooral belangrijk bij de verkoop van het parfum, na een minuut of tien zijn ze niet of nauwelijks meer te ruiken. De bovennoten van een geur zijn bedoeld om aandacht te trekken en stralen de eerste en verrassende indruk van een geur uit. Typische topnoten zijn <a href="/wiki/Citrusvrucht" title="Citrusvrucht">citrusgeuren</a>.</li> <li><b>Hartnoten</b> (middennoten, <i>cœur</i>) zijn de geuren die opkomen nadat de topnoten grotendeels verdwenen zijn, zo'n tien minuten na het opbrengen. Vrijwel alle bloemengeuren zijn hartnoten. Het hart is misschien wel het belangrijkste deel van het parfum.</li> <li><b>Basisnoten</b> (grondnoten, <i>fond</i>) zijn de geuren die als laatste overblijven, nadat de hartnoten grotendeels vervluchtigd zijn. Dit is meestal één à twee uren na het opbrengen van het parfum. Basisnoten kunnen vele uren geur af blijven geven. Voorbeelden van basisnoten zijn houtsoorten zoals <a href="/wiki/Sandelhout_(houtsoort)" title="Sandelhout (houtsoort)">sandelhout</a> en harsen zoals <a href="/wiki/Olibanum" title="Olibanum">olibanum</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificatie">Classificatie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Classificatie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Classificatie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Om onderscheid te kunnen maken tussen de vele duizenden parfums die er zijn, waren en zijn er diverse methodes om parfums te classificeren in verschillende groepen. </p><p>De meest gebruikte is de classificatie van de Franse vereniging van <a href="/wiki/Parfumeur" title="Parfumeur">parfumeurs</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Fran%C3%A7aise_des_Parfumeurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Société Française des Parfumeurs (de pagina bestaat niet)">Société Française des Parfumeurs</a>. </p><p>Zij hanteren een indeling in zeven hoofdgroepen: </p> <ul><li><i>Hesperidée</i>, ofwel <a href="/wiki/Citrusvrucht" title="Citrusvrucht">citrusachtig</a></li> <li><i>Florale</i>, ofwel <a href="/wiki/Bloem_(plant)" title="Bloem (plant)">bloemachtig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Foug%C3%A8re" title="Fougère">Fougère</a></i>, een fantasiegeur</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chypre" title="Chypre">Chypre</a></i>, een andere fantasiegeur</li> <li><i>Boisée</i>, ofwel <a href="/wiki/Hout" title="Hout">houtachtig</a></li> <li><i>Ambrée</i>, <a href="/wiki/Amber_(potvis)" title="Amber (potvis)">amber</a>, ook wel oosters of <i>oriental</i></li> <li><i>Cuir</i>, ofwel <a href="/wiki/Leer_(stof)" title="Leer (stof)">leer</a>.</li></ul> <p>Elke groep is weer onderverdeeld in diverse subgroepen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beroemde_parfums">Beroemde parfums</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Beroemde parfums" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Beroemde parfums"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Jaar</th> <th>Naam</th> <th>Bedrijf</th> <th>Parfumeur </th></tr> <tr> <td>1709 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_cologne" title="Eau de cologne">Eau de cologne</a></i> </td> <td>Johann Maria Farina </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Johann_Maria_Farina" title="Johann Maria Farina">Johann Maria Farina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1792 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=4711_Echt_K%C3%B6lnisch_Wasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4711 Echt Kölnisch Wasser (de pagina bestaat niet)">4711 Echt Kölnisch Wasser</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4711_(merknaam)" title="4711 (merknaam)">4711</a> </td> <td>Wilhelm Mühlens </td></tr> <tr> <td>1795 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Vainqueur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Vainqueur (de pagina bestaat niet)">Le Vainqueur</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfums_Ranc%C3%A91795&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfums Rancé1795 (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parfums Rancé1795</a> </td> <td>François Rancé </td></tr> <tr> <td>1798 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eau_Vivifiante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eau Vivifiante (de pagina bestaat niet)">Eau Vivifiante</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum_Lubin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfum Lubin (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parfum Lubin</a> </td> <td>Pierre François Lubin </td></tr> <tr> <td>1882 </td> <td><i>Fougère royal</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Houbigant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houbigant (de pagina bestaat niet)">Houbigant</a> </td> <td>Paul Parquet </td></tr> <tr> <td>1889 </td> <td><i>Jicky</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guerlain" title="Guerlain">Guerlain</a> </td> <td>Aimé Guerlain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td><i>L'Heure Bleue</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guerlain" title="Guerlain">Guerlain</a> </td> <td>Jacques Guerlain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td><i>Chypre</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Coty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Coty (de pagina bestaat niet)">François Coty</a> </td> <td>François Coty </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td><i>Mitsouko</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guerlain" title="Guerlain">Guerlain</a> </td> <td>Jacques Guerlain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td><i>Tabac Blond</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfums_Caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfums Caron (de pagina bestaat niet)">Caron</a> </td> <td>Ernest Daltroff </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Chanel_N%C2%BA5" title="Chanel Nº5">Nº5</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chanel" title="Chanel">Chanel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Beaux" title="Ernest Beaux">Ernest Beaux</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925 </td> <td><i>Shalimar</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guerlain" title="Guerlain">Guerlain</a> </td> <td>Jacques Guerlain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927 </td> <td><i>Arpège</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanvin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanvin (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lanvin</a> </td> <td>André Fraysse </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929 </td> <td><i>Soir de Paris</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bourjois&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bourjois (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bourjois</a> </td> <td>Ernest Beaux </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930 </td> <td><i>Joy</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Patou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Patou (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jean Patou</a> </td> <td>Henri Alméras </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932 </td> <td><i>Je Reviens</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Worth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Worth (de pagina bestaat niet)">House of Worth</a> </td> <td>Maurice Blanchet </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934 </td> <td><i>Pour Un Homme</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfums_Caron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfums Caron (de pagina bestaat niet)">Caron</a> </td> <td>Ernest Daltroff </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td><i>Femme</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rochas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rochas (de pagina bestaat niet)">Rochas</a> </td> <td>Edmond Roudnitska </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td><i>Vent Vert</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balmain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balmain (de pagina bestaat niet)">Balmain</a> </td> <td>Germaine Cellier </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td><i>L'Air du temps</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nina_Ricci_(ontwerper)" title="Nina Ricci (ontwerper)">Nina Ricci</a> </td> <td>Françis Fabron </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td><i>Diorissimo</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a> </td> <td>Edmond Roudnitska </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i>Monsieur</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Givenchy" title="Givenchy">Givenchy</a> </td> <td>Michel Hy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td><i>Cabochard</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfums_Gr%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parfums Grès (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parfums Grès</a> </td> <td>Bernard Chant </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><i>Eau Sauvage</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a> </td> <td>Edmond Roudnitska </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td><i>Ô</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanc%C3%B4me_(parfum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancôme (parfum) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lancôme</a> </td> <td>Robert Gonnon </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td><i>Charlie</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revlon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revlon (de pagina bestaat niet)">Revlon</a> </td> <td>Harry A. Cuttler </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td><i>Opium</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Saint_Laurent_(merk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Saint Laurent (merk) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yves Saint Laurent</a> </td> <td>Jean-Louis Sieuzac </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><i>Azzaro Pour Homme</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azzaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azzaro (de pagina bestaat niet)">Azzaro</a> </td> <td>Gérard Anthony, Martin Heiddenreich, Richard Wirtz </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><i>Bluebell</i> </td> <td>Penhaligon's </td> <td>Michael Pickthall </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><i>Magie Noire</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanc%C3%B4me_(parfum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancôme (parfum) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lancôme</a> </td> <td>G. Goupy / J-C Niel </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td><i>Anaïs Anaïs</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cacharel" title="Cacharel">Cacharel</a> </td> <td>Raymond Chaillan/Roger Pellegrino </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><i>Nombre Noir</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shiseido" title="Shiseido">Shiseido</a> </td> <td>Jean-Yves Leroy </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><i>Giorgio</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giorgio_Beverly_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giorgio Beverly Hills (de pagina bestaat niet)">Giorgio Beverly Hills</a> </td> <td>M.L. Quince, Francis Camail en Harry Cuttler </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td><i>Paris</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Saint_Laurent_(merk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Saint Laurent (merk) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Yves Saint Laurent</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Grojsman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Grojsman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sophia Grojsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coco_(parfum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coco (parfum) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Coco</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chanel" title="Chanel">Chanel</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Polge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Polge (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jacques Polge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td><i>Poison</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a> </td> <td>Jean Guichard </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td><i>Lou Lou</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cacharel" title="Cacharel">Cacharel</a> </td> <td>Jean Guichard </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td><i>Eternity</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(merk)" title="Calvin Klein (merk)">Calvin Klein</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Grojsman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Grojsman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sophia Grojsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td><i>Trésor</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanc%C3%B4me_(parfum)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancôme (parfum) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Lancôme</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sophia_Grojsman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sophia Grojsman (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sophia Grojsman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td><i>Dune</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dior" class="mw-redirect" title="Dior">Dior</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louis_Sieuzac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louis Sieuzac (de pagina bestaat niet)">Jean-Louis Sieuzac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td><i>Angel</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thierry_Mugler" title="Thierry Mugler">Thierry Mugler</a> </td> <td>Olvier Cresp </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td><i>Jean-Paul Gaultier</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Gaultier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Paul Gaultier">Jean-Paul Gaultier</a> </td> <td>Jacques Cavallier </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td><i>CK One</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Klein_(merk)" title="Calvin Klein (merk)">Calvin Klein</a> </td> <td>Harry Fremont en Alberto Morillas </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td><i>Acqua di Gió Pour Homme</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Armani" title="Giorgio Armani">Giorgio Armani</a> </td> <td>Alberto Morillas </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><i>J’Adore</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calice_Becker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calice Becker (de pagina bestaat niet)">Calice Becker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Coco_Mademoiselle" title="Coco Mademoiselle">Coco Mademoiselle</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chanel" title="Chanel">Chanel</a> </td> <td>Jacques Polge </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><i>Oud</i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mona_di_Orio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mona di Orio (de pagina bestaat niet)">Mona di Orio</a> </td> <td>Mona di Orio </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td><i>Sauvage</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dior" class="mw-redirect" title="Dior">Dior</a> </td> <td>Francois Demachy </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td><i>Acqua di Gió Profumo</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Armani" title="Giorgio Armani">Giorgio Armani</a> </td> <td>Alberto Morillas </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td><i>Summer Snow </i> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Bracke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Bracke (de pagina bestaat niet)">Glenn Bracke</a> </td> <td>Bertrand Duchaufour </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>Miss Dior </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dior" title="Christian Dior">Christian Dior</a> </td> <td>François Demachy </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parfum&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ori%C3%ABntaalse_parfumerie" title="Oriëntaalse parfumerie">Oriëntaalse parfumerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susinum" title="Susinum">Susinum</a> is een parfum, gebruikt door de Grieken en Romeinen, waarin leliebloemen verwerkt zijn.</li></ul> <div class="interProject wiktionary mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://nl.wiktionary.org/wiki/parfum#Nederlands" class="extiw" title="wikt:parfum">WikiWoordenboek</a></div><div class="interProjectTemplate"></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/06/22/de-romeinen-gebruikten-patchoeli-in-hun-parfum-a4167740">https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2023/06/22/de-romeinen-gebruikten-patchoeli-in-hun-parfum-a4167740</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Perfumes#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Perfumes">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>94 talen</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Onderwerp toevoegen</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-02-21T12:57:08Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T09:22:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/25\/Vintage_Atomizer_Perfume_Bottle.JPG","headline":"mix van etherische olie"}</script> </body> </html>