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agreement</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Basel 1-2 agreement"> <meta name="keywords" content="Basel 1-2 agreement"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Basel 1-2 agreement"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1580</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Basel 1-2 agreement</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1580</span> Islamic Banks and the Most Important Contemporary Challenges </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Mohammed%20Abdulsattar%20Aljumaili">Mahmood Mohammed Abdulsattar Aljumaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Praise be to Allah and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. Islamic banks have not only made a lot of great achievements in a short period, but they imposed themselves in the global market, not to mention the transformation of some conventional interest-based banks to Islamic banks to the large demand on them, this transformation has pushed the Dow Jones Global Foundation to develop a new economic indicator released it (the Dow Jones Islamic market) for those who wish to invest in Islamic financial institutions. The success of Islamic financial institutions today face significant and serious challenges, that embody the serious consequences created by the current events on Islamic banking industry. This modest study, deals with these serious challenges facing the Islamic banking industry, and reflected on the success recorded in the previous period. The study deals with four main topics: The emergence of Islamic banks, the goals of Islamic banks, International challenges facing Islamic banks, internal challenges facing Islamic banks, and finally it touches on, (Basel 1-2) Agreement and its implications for Islamic banks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banks" title="Islamic banks">Islamic banks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%201-2%20agreement" title=" Basel 1-2 agreement"> Basel 1-2 agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=most%20important%20contemporary%20challenges" title=" most important contemporary challenges"> most important contemporary challenges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20banking%20industry" title=" islamic banking industry"> islamic banking industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dow%20Jones%20Islamic%20market" title=" Dow Jones Islamic market "> Dow Jones Islamic market </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18872/islamic-banks-and-the-most-important-contemporary-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1579</span> The Role of the Basel Accords in Mitigating Systemic Risk</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassamon%20Kun-Amornpong">Wassamon Kun-Amornpong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When a financial crisis occurs, there will be a law and regulatory reform in order to manage the turmoil and prevent a future crisis. One of the most important regulatory efforts to help cope with systemic risk and a financial crisis is the third version of the Basel Accord. Basel III has introduced some measures and tools (e.g., systemic risk buffer, countercyclical buffer, capital conservation buffer and liquidity risk) in order to mitigate systemic risk. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these measures in Basel III in adequately addressing the problem of contagious runs that can quickly spread throughout the financial system is questionable. This paper seeks to contribute to the knowledge regarding the role of the Basel Accords in mitigating systemic risk. The research question is to what extent the Basel Accords can help control systemic risk in the financial markets? The paper tackles this question by analysing the concept of systemic risk. It will then examine the weaknesses of the Basel Accords before and after the Global financial crisis in 2008. Finally, it will suggest some possible solutions in order to improve the Basel Accord. The rationale of the study is the fact that academic works on systemic risk and financial crises are largely studied from economic or financial perspective. There is comparatively little research from the legal and regulatory perspective. The finding of the paper is that there are some problems in all of the three pillars of the Basel Accords. With regards to Pillar I, the risk model is excessively complex while the benefits of its complexity are doubtful. Concerning Pillar II, the effectiveness of the risk-based supervision in preventing systemic risk still depends largely upon its design and implementation. Factors such as organizational culture of the regulator and the political context within which the risk-based supervision operates might be a barrier against the success of Pillar II. Meanwhile, Pillar III could not provide adequate market discipline as market participants do not always act in a rational way. In addition, the too-big-to-fail perception reduced the incentives of the market participants to monitor risks. There has been some development in resolution measure (e.g. TLAC and MREL) which might potentially help strengthen the incentive of the market participants to monitor risks. However, those measures have some weaknesses. The paper argues that if the weaknesses in the three pillars are resolved, it can be expected that the Basel Accord could contribute to the mitigation of systemic risk in a more significant way in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20accords" title="Basel accords">Basel accords</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20regulation" title=" financial regulation"> financial regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk-based%20supervision" title=" risk-based supervision"> risk-based supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20risk" title=" systemic risk"> systemic risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106762/the-role-of-the-basel-accords-in-mitigating-systemic-risk" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1578</span> Management and Agreement Protocol in Computer Security</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulameer%20K.%20Hussain">Abdulameer K. Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When dealing with a cryptographic system we note that there are many activities performed by parties of this cryptographic system and the most prominent of these activities is the process of agreement between the parties involved in the cryptographic system on how to deal and perform the cryptographic system tasks to be more secure, more confident and reliable. The most common agreement among parties is a key agreement and other types of agreements. Despite the fact that there is an attempt from some quarters to find other effective agreement methods but these methods are limited to the traditional agreements. This paper presents different parameters to perform more effectively the task of the agreement, including the key alternative, the agreement on the encryption method used and the agreement to prevent the denial of the services. To manage and achieve these goals, this method proposes the existence of an control and monitoring entity to manage these agreements by collecting different statistical information of the opinions of the authorized parties in the cryptographic system. These statistics help this entity to take the proper decision about the agreement factors. This entity is called Agreement Manager (AM). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreement%20parameters" title="agreement parameters">agreement parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20exchange" title=" key exchange"> key exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security%20management" title=" security management"> security management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22759/management-and-agreement-protocol-in-computer-security" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1577</span> A Data Mining Approach for Analysing and Predicting the Bank's Asset Liability Management Based on Basel III Norms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhin%20Dani%20Abraham">Nidhin Dani Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20K.%20Sri%20Shilpa"> T. K. Sri Shilpa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asset liability management is an important aspect in banking business. Moreover, the today’s banking is based on BASEL III which strictly regulates on the counterparty default. This paper focuses on prediction and analysis of counter party default risk, which is a type of risk occurs when the customers fail to repay the amount back to the lender (bank or any financial institutions). This paper proposes an approach to reduce the counterparty risk occurring in the financial institutions using an appropriate data mining technique and thus predicts the occurrence of NPA. It also helps in asset building and restructuring quality. Liability management is very important to carry out banking business. To know and analyze the depth of liability of bank, a suitable technique is required. For that a data mining technique is being used to predict the dormant behaviour of various deposit bank customers. Various models are implemented and the results are analyzed of saving bank deposit customers. All these data are cleaned using data cleansing approach from the bank data warehouse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asset%20liability%20management" title=" asset liability management"> asset liability management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BASEL%20III" title=" BASEL III"> BASEL III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking" title=" banking"> banking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9884/a-data-mining-approach-for-analysing-and-predicting-the-banks-asset-liability-management-based-on-basel-iii-norms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">552</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1576</span> Macroeconomic Reevaluation of CNY/USD Exchange Rate: Quantitative Impact on EUR/USD Exchange Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Henry">R. Henry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Andriamboavonjy"> H. Andriamboavonjy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20B.%20Paulin"> J. B. Paulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Drahy"> S. Drahy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gourichon"> R. Gourichon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During past decade, Chinese monetary policy has been to maintain stability of exchange rate CNY/USD by creating parity between the two currencies. This policy, against market equilibrium, impacts the exchange rate in having low Yuan currency, and keeping attractiveness of Chinese industries. Using macroeconomic and statistic approach, the impact of such policy onto CNY/USD exchange rate is quantitatively determined. It is also pointed out how Chinese banks respect Basel III ratios, in particular the foreign exchange ratio. The main analysis is focusing on how Chinese banks will respect these ratios in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomics%20models" title="macroeconomics models">macroeconomics models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yuan%20floating%20exchange%20rate" title=" yuan floating exchange rate"> yuan floating exchange rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basel%20iii" title=" basel iii"> basel iii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=china%20banking%20system" title=" china banking system"> china banking system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34471/macroeconomic-reevaluation-of-cnyusd-exchange-rate-quantitative-impact-on-eurusd-exchange-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1575</span> In Its 20th Anniversary, Will Dayton Peace Agreement Continue or Complete Its Mission?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halit%20Turan">Halit Turan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Ozturk"> Mehmet Ozturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serdal%20Akyuz"> Serdal Akyuz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> General Framework Agreement for Peace (Dayton Peace Agreement) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (GFAP), is one of the most challenging issues in the contemporary peace studies scholarship. It is clear that this agreement has created an exceptional state structure which Bosnia and Herzegovina has still executed for 20 years. The agreement, signed reluctantly by warring sides to end war, has carried out reaching the present day. Demonstrations held by unemployed people in the early of 2014 can be seen as a symptom of discontent about low economic wealth level which is a clear consequence of agreement. This paper lays out the influences of problems stemmed from the agreement to the future of country especially in terms of economic issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dayton%20peace%20agreement" title=" dayton peace agreement"> dayton peace agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20problems" title=" economic problems"> economic problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20discontent" title=" social discontent"> social discontent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39654/in-its-20th-anniversary-will-dayton-peace-agreement-continue-or-complete-its-mission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1574</span> The Differences and the Similarities between Corporate Governance Principles in Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Shibani">Osama Shibani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Corporate governance effective is critical to the proper functioning of the banking sector and the economy as a whole, the Basel Committee have issued principles of corporate governance inspired from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), but there is no single model of corporate governance that can work well in every country; each country, or even each organization should develop its own model that can cater for its specific needs and objectives, the corporate governance in Islamic Institutions is unique and offers a particular structure and guided by a control body which is Shariah supervisory Board (SSB), for this reason Islamic Financial Services Board in Malaysia (IFSB) has amended BCBS corporate governance principles commensurate with Islamic financial Institutions to suit the nature of the work of Islamic institutions, this paper highlight these amended by using comparative analysis method in context of the differences of corporate governance structure of Islamic banks and conventional banks. We find few different between principles (Principle 1: The Board's overall responsibilities, Principles 3: Board’s own structure and practices, Principles 9: Compliance, Principle 10: Internal audit, Principle 12: Disclosure and transparency) and there are similarities between principles (Principle 2: Board qualifications and composition, Principles 4: Senior Management (composition and tasks), Principle 6: Risk Management and Principle 8: Risk communication). Finally, we found that corporate governance principles issued by Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) are complemented to CG principles of Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) with some modifications to suit the composition of Islamic banks, there are deficiencies in the interest of the Basel Committee to Islamic banks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basel%20committee%20%28BCBS%29" title="basel committee (BCBS)">basel committee (BCBS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20governance%20principles" title=" corporate governance principles"> corporate governance principles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20financial%20services%20board%20%28IFSB%29" title=" Islamic financial services board (IFSB)"> Islamic financial services board (IFSB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agency%20theory" title=" agency theory"> agency theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48490/the-differences-and-the-similarities-between-corporate-governance-principles-in-islamic-banks-and-conventional-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1573</span> Maturity Transformation Risk Factors in Islamic Banking: An Implication of Basel III Liquidity Regulations </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Mahmood">Haroon Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christopher%20Gan"> Christopher Gan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuong%20Nguyen"> Cuong Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maturity transformation risk is highlighted as one of the major causes of recent global financial crisis. Basel III has proposed new liquidity regulations for transformation function of banks and hence to monitor this risk. Specifically, net stable funding ratio (NSFR) is introduced to enhance medium- and long-term resilience against liquidity shocks. Islamic banking is widely accepted in many parts of the world and contributes to a significant portion of the financial sector in many countries. Using a dataset of 68 fully fledged Islamic banks from 11 different countries, over a period from 2005 – 2014, this study has attempted to analyze various factors that may significantly affect the maturity transformation risk in these banks. We utilize 2-step system GMM estimation technique on unbalanced panel and find bank capital, credit risk, financing, size and market power are most significant among the bank specific factors. Also, gross domestic product and inflation are the significant macro-economic factors influencing this risk. However, bank profitability, asset efficiency, and income diversity are found insignificant in determining the maturity transformation risk in Islamic banking model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20III" title="Basel III">Basel III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20banking" title=" Islamic banking"> Islamic banking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maturity%20transformation%20risk" title=" maturity transformation risk"> maturity transformation risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20stable%20funding%20ratio" title=" net stable funding ratio"> net stable funding ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57335/maturity-transformation-risk-factors-in-islamic-banking-an-implication-of-basel-iii-liquidity-regulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1572</span> The Promotion of a Risk Culture: a Descriptive Study of Ghanaian Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gerhard%20Grebe">Gerhard Grebe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Marx"> Johan Marx</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study is to assess the state of operational risk management and the adoption of an appropriate risk culture in Ghanaian banks. The Bank of Ghana (BoG) joined the Basel Consultative Group (BCG) of the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (BCBS) in 2021 and is proceeding with the implementation of the Basel III international regulatory framework for banks. The BoG’s Directive about risk management encourages, inter alia, the creation of an appropriate risk culture by Ghanaian banks. However, it is not evident how the risk management staff of Ghanaian banks experience the risk culture and the implementation of operational risk management in the banks where they are employed. Ghana is a developing economy, and it is addressing challenges with its organisational culture. According to Transparency International, successive Ghanaian governments claim to be fighting corruption, but little success has been achieved so far. This points to a possible lack of accountability, transparency, and integrity in the environment in which Ghanaian banks operate and which could influence their risk culture negatively. Purposive sampling was used for the survey, and the questionnaire was completed byGhanaian bank personnel who specializesin operational risk management, risk governance, and compliance, bank supervision, risk analyses, as well as the implementation of the operational risk management requirements of the Basel regulatory frameworks. The respondents indicated that they are fostering a risk culture and implementing monitoring and reporting procedures; the three lines of defence (3LOD); compliance; internal auditing; disclosure of operational risk information; and receiving guidance from the bank supervisor in an attempt to improve their operational risk management practices. However, the respondents reported the following challenges with staff members who are not inside the risk management departments(in order of priority), namelydemonstrating a risk culture, training and development; communication; reporting and disclosure; roles and responsibilities; performance appraisal; and technological and environmental barriers. Recommendations to address these challenges are provided <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ghana" title="ghana">ghana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operational%20risk" title=" operational risk"> operational risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20culture" title=" risk culture"> risk culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154155/the-promotion-of-a-risk-culture-a-descriptive-study-of-ghanaian-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1571</span> A Study of Factors Affecting the Elapsed Time of Housing Renewal Project Implementation in Seoul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=In%20Su%20Na">In Su Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunwon%20Lee"> Gunwon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seiyong%20Kim"> Seiyong Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyzed the effect of area variables and economic variables on the length of each period of the project in order to analyze the effect of agreement rate on project implementation in housing renewal projects. In conclusion, as can be seen from these results, a low agreement rate may not translate into project promotion, and a higher agreement rate may not translate into project delay. The expectation of the policy is that the lower the agreement rate, the more projects would be promoted, but that is not the actual effect. From a policy consistency viewpoint, changing the agreement rate frequently, depending on the decision of the public, is not reasonable. The policy of using agreement rate as a necessary condition for project implementation should be reconsidered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Area%20and%20Economic%20Variables" title="Area and Economic Variables">Area and Economic Variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elapsed%20time" title=" Elapsed time"> Elapsed time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Housing%20Renewal%20Project" title=" Housing Renewal Project"> Housing Renewal Project</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27864/a-study-of-factors-affecting-the-elapsed-time-of-housing-renewal-project-implementation-in-seoul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1570</span> Credit Risk and Financial Stability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zidane%20Abderrezzaq">Zidane Abderrezzaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In contrast to recent successful developments in macro monetary policies, the modelling, measurement and management of systemic financial stability has remained problematical. Indeed, the focus of most effort has been on improving individual, rather than systemic, bank risk management; the Basel II objective has been to bring regulatory bank capital into line with the (sophisticated) banks’ assessment of their own economic capital. Even at the individual bank level there are concerns over appropriate diversification allowances, differing objectives of banks and regulators, the need for a buffer over regulatory minima, and the distinction between expected and unexpected losses (EL and UL). At the systemic level the quite complex and prescriptive content of Basel II raises dangers of ‘endogenous risk’ and procyclicality. Simulations suggest that this latter could be a serious problem. In an extension to the main analysis we study how liquidity effects interact with banking structure to produce a greater chance of systemic breakdown. We finally consider how the risk of contagion might depend on the degree of asymmetry (tiering) inherent in the structure of the banking system. A number of our results have important implications for public policy, which this paper also draws out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20stability" title="systemic stability">systemic stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20regulation" title=" financial regulation"> financial regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20risk" title=" credit risk"> credit risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20risk" title=" systemic risk"> systemic risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34954/credit-risk-and-financial-stability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1569</span> Significance of the 2015 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement to the Foreign Policies of Australia and Singapore in the Indo-Pacific Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iraj%20Musa%20Dawaari">Iraj Musa Dawaari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Australia and Singapore signed the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) agreement on 29th June 2015. This agreement aims to strengthen security, defense, diplomatic, economic, education, and innovation cooperation, as well as people-to-people relations between the two states. The purpose of this study is to examine rationales underpinning the (2015 CSP) agreement in order to better understand the national and foreign policy priorities of both Australia and Singapore in the period leading up to the signing of the agreement and in the period since. This research project will seek to establish how both countries’ national and foreign policy priorities have developed in recent years in the light of growing tensions between China and the US in the Indo-Pacific region and how the CSP agreement has influenced these priorities. This project also seeks to better understand and analyse why both states signed the CSP agreement in 2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Singapore" title=" Singapore"> Singapore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20policy" title=" foreign policy"> foreign policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partnership" title=" partnership"> partnership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USA" title=" USA"> USA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indo-Pacific%20Region" title=" Indo-Pacific Region"> Indo-Pacific Region</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153995/significance-of-the-2015-comprehensive-strategic-partnership-agreement-to-the-foreign-policies-of-australia-and-singapore-in-the-indo-pacific-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1568</span> Access to Climate Change Information Through the Implementation of the Paris Agreement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Cristina%20A.%20P.%20Carvalho">Ana Cristina A. P. Carvalho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solange%20Teles%20Da%20Silva"> Solange Teles Da Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In April, 174 countries signed the Paris Agreement, a multilateral agreement on climate change which deals with greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation, adaptation, finance, access to information, transparency, among other subjects related to the environment. Since then, Parties shall cooperate in taking measures, as appropriate, to enhance climate change education, training, public awareness, public participation and public access to information, recognizing the importance of these steps with respect to enhancing actions under this Agreement. This paper aims to analyze the consequences of this new rule in terms of the implementation of the Agreement, collecting data from Brazilian and Canadian legislations in order to identify if these countries have rules complying with the Treaty, the steps that have been already taken and if they could be used as examples for other countries. The analysis will take into consideration the different kinds of climate change information, means of transparency, reliability of the data and how to spread the information. The methodology comprehends a comparative legal research based on both the Paris Agreement and domestic laws of Brazil and Canada, as well as on doctrine and Court decisions. The findings can contribute to the implementation of the Paris Agreement through compliance with this Treaty at countries’ domestic and policy level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change%20information" title="climate change information">climate change information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20legislation" title=" domestic legislation"> domestic legislation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paris%20Agreement" title=" Paris Agreement"> Paris Agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53421/access-to-climate-change-information-through-the-implementation-of-the-paris-agreement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1567</span> The Trend and Implementation of Bargaining Agreements at University of Fort Hare, Eastern Cape, South Africa 2012 to 2016</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olusola%20Olasupo">Olusola Olasupo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20O.%20C.%20Ijeoma"> E. O. C. Ijeoma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The University of Fort Hare and the National Education Health and Allied Workers Union (NEHAWU), the registered labor union at the University recognizes the significance of collective bargaining. This prompted both parties to enter into agreement with the notion to strengthening the relationship between them. The agreement was therefore entered into between NEHAWU representing the employees and the University. The agreement was signed on August 31st, 2005. The study adopting historical research method reveals the trend and implementation of bargaining agreements at University of Fort Hare from 2012 to 2016. This study examines how the implementation of bargaining agreement is utilized to solve labor related challenges and also improve on employee’s wages and conditions of service thereby strengthening the relationship between the management and employees at University of Fort Hare. The study contributes to knowledge on the effects of the implementation of bargaining agreement on wages and other conditions of service leading to harmonious relationship between the Staff and the management towards the effective administration of the University of Fort Hare. Findings reveal that ever since 2005 when the agreement was reached, University of Fort Hare and NEHAWU have been committed to improving the employees’ wages through substantive agreement. The study concludes by recommending a more effective implementation of bargaining agreement at University of Fort Hare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreement" title="agreement">agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bargaining" title=" bargaining"> bargaining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=implementation" title=" implementation"> implementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trend" title=" trend"> trend</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70278/the-trend-and-implementation-of-bargaining-agreements-at-university-of-fort-hare-eastern-cape-south-africa-2012-to-2016" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70278.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1566</span> Influence Analysis of Profit Sharing Agreement and Financing Risk to Profitability in Islamic Bank of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Paramita%20Pramono">Irena Paramita Pramono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Islamic bank is a financial industry with huge potential to grow in Indonesia. Profit-sharing agreement in the operations of Islamic banks distinguishes Islamic banks with conventional banks. Profit-sharing agreement allows sharing of benefits and risks between shahibul maal and mudharib in islamic bank. This study aimed to observe the patterns of influence between the risk-sharing agreement, financing risk and Profitability in Islamic banks. This research used several Islamic banks as sample and path analysis method. The empirical results of this research shows that the profit-sharing agreement in deposits structure has no direct significant effect to ROA, but it has indirect effect to ROA through profit-sharing financing. On the other hand, profit-sharing financing has direct and indirect influence to ROA through financing risk. This research shows that profit-sharing financing has a positive significant effect to the financing risk and also to the ROA. The research recommends Islamic banks to continue using and developing profit-sharing agreement in its operational activities, hence to create value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20bank" title="Islamic bank">Islamic bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit-loss%20sharing%20agreement" title=" profit-loss sharing agreement"> profit-loss sharing agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financing%20risk" title=" financing risk"> financing risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15725/influence-analysis-of-profit-sharing-agreement-and-financing-risk-to-profitability-in-islamic-bank-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">808</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1565</span> A Literature Review on Banks’ Profitability and Risk Adjustment Decisions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libena%20Cernohorska">Libena Cernohorska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbora%20Sutorova"> Barbora Sutorova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petr%20Teply"> Petr Teply</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are pending discussions over an impact of global regulatory efforts on banks. In this paper we present a literature review on the profitability-risk-capital relationship in banking. Research papers dealing with this topic can be divided into two groups: the first group focusing on a capital-risk relationship and the second group analyzing a capital-profitability relationship. The first group investigates whether the imposition of stricter capital requirements reduces risk-taking incentives of banks based on a simultaneous equations model. Their model pioneered the idea that the changes in both capital and risk have endogenous and exogenous components. The results obtained by the authors indicate that changes in the capital level are positively related to the changes in asset risk. The second group of the literature concentrating solely on the relationship between the level of held capital and bank profitability is limited. Nevertheless, there are a lot of studies dealing with the banks’ profitability as such, where bank capital is very often included as an explanatory variable. Based on the literature review of dozens of relevant papers in this study, an empirical research on banks’ profitability and risk adjustment decisions under new banking rules Basel III rules can be easily undertaken. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank" title="bank">bank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%20III" title=" Basel III"> Basel III</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capital" title=" capital"> capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profitability" title=" profitability"> profitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title=" risk"> risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simultaneous%20equations%20model" title=" simultaneous equations model"> simultaneous equations model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10074/a-literature-review-on-banks-profitability-and-risk-adjustment-decisions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1564</span> Phrases, Agreement and Reference in Students' Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Lisa%20Aryanti">Maya Lisa Aryanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20S.%20M.%20Hum"> S. S. M. Hum </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Students usually make a lot of mistakes when they write their composition. The common mistake occurs when they write their own sentences. They perhaps can use certain verb and verb phrases properly, but on another occasion, they may choose wrong verb phrases. This paper illustrates ill-formed phrases, improper agreement between subject and verb and referent and reference in the students’ writings. The objectives of this research are to show possible variety of ill-formed phrases, to show frequent mistakes in S-V Agreement, and to show wrong reference in students’ writing. The methodology of this research is descriptive qualitative research. Some general linguistic theories and semantics are used in this paper. The results of this research concern to the number and the forms of possible ill-formed phrases, the types of Subject-Verb Agreement which are often applied incorrectly in a sentence and types of reference which are often used incorrectly. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreement" title="agreement">agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meaning" title=" meaning"> meaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phrases" title=" phrases"> phrases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference" title=" reference"> reference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79187/phrases-agreement-and-reference-in-students-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1563</span> Regulation, Supervision and Accounting Conservatism: Interaction of the Three Pillars of Basel II to Achieve Quality of Reporting Earnings in Worldwide Banks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Diaz%20Sanchez">I. Diaz Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Martinez-Conesa"> I. M. Martinez-Conesa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Illueca"> M. Illueca</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accounting conservatism is a desirable quality of earnings that is positively associated with the stridency of regulatory and supervisory regimen and high market discipline. But how these three pillars interact each other is the main research question that is not empirically solved. We analyze how regulatory and supervisory regimes interact with the market discipline measures, such as listing status, ownership and market concentration using a sample of 14,651 bank-year observations covering 54 countries over the period 1997-2009. We evidence that regulation a supervision and extend on which they are enforcement is a strong mechanism to achieved accounting conservatism in those countries or situations where the market discipline fails. Generally, the supervisory power reinforces the effect of listing status, ownership and concentration on conservatism, while capital regulatory mitigates the effect of market discipline on conservatism. This paper may contribute to debate about the mechanism introduced by Basel III that strongly increases the regulation, his enforcement, and the supervisory power after long deregulation period. Although Market discipline is relevant to achieve the financial stability, strong Pillar I and II can ensure the quality of the accounting earnings to prevent bank failures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20conservatism" title="accounting conservatism">accounting conservatism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20regulation" title=" bank regulation"> bank regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bank%20supervision" title=" bank supervision"> bank supervision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20loss%20recognition" title=" loan loss recognition"> loan loss recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20discipline" title=" market discipline"> market discipline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92418/regulation-supervision-and-accounting-conservatism-interaction-of-the-three-pillars-of-basel-ii-to-achieve-quality-of-reporting-earnings-in-worldwide-banks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1562</span> Combating Supplier-Copycatting With Intellectual Property Agreements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hubert%20Pun">Hubert Pun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When a manufacturer outsources the production of a product, it distributes its intellectual property (IP) into a supply chain that it may not be able to fully control. An IP agreement between a manufacturer and its suppliers is a popular solution to address the challenge of supplier-copycatting. The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of copycatting, from both the supplier and third-party firms, and the effectiveness of an IP agreement. Specifically, we use a game-theoretic approach to examine a system where a manufacturer outsources to a supplier. The supplier and a third-party firm decide whether or not to enter the market with copycat products while the manufacturer selects the level of marketing investment. The manufacturer can reduce the threat of supplier-copycatting by signing an IP agreement. We find that the manufacturer can be worse off from signing an IP agreement with its supplier, even if the IP agreement is costless and perfectly enforceable. We show that a manufacturer can deter copycat products through vertical integration and IP agreements and we outline the instances where each method is preferred. Furthermore, we find that the manufacturer may choose not to invest in quality improvements as a copycat deterrence strategy. We show that the supplier can benefit from the manufacturer’s decision to sign an IP agreement and that the supplier and the consumers can benefit from government regulations against copycat products. Our paper demonstrates the strengths and limitations of various copycat deterrence strategies when a supplier and third-party may produce copycat products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coopetitive%20supply%20chain" title="coopetitive supply chain">coopetitive supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copycat" title=" copycat"> copycat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20regulation" title=" government regulation"> government regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123127/combating-supplier-copycatting-with-intellectual-property-agreements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123127.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1561</span> Towards the Unification of Hijri Calendar: A Study in the Application of Hilal Visibility Criteria According to the Agreement of Four Religious Ministers in Southeast Asia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Mufid">Abdul Mufid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to integrate hadith, astronomy, and sociology studies in studying the accelerated implementation of the unification of the Hijri calendar through a multidisciplinary approach. The Hijri calendar is compiled based on the astronomical phenomena of regular movements of the earth, moon, and sun. Meanwhile, for the implementation of worship, the Hijri calendar must refer to the provisions of Islamic law or fiqh. To set the Hijri calendar, agreement on the criteria for the visibility of the new moon (first crescent), date limits, and absolute authority is required. Agreement on visibility criteria requires a valid basis for astronomical studies. Agreement on territorial boundaries is necessary because our earth is round, and the new moon cannot be observed simultaneously. And the agreement of the authorities is also needed to resolve unavoidable differences, especially differences in the appearance of the new moon and differences in schools of thought. The research is based on astronomical data, the experiences of Indonesia and Islamic countries regarding the Hijri calendar, in-depth and focused interviews with various sources, as well as a review of hadith literature. The results of the study show that the implementation of the unification of the Hijri calendar through the three approaches above can be carried out and can be accelerated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calendar%20unification" title="calendar unification">calendar unification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20moon%20%28hilal%29%20visibility" title=" new moon (hilal) visibility"> new moon (hilal) visibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multidisciplinary%20approach" title=" multidisciplinary approach"> multidisciplinary approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20unity%20of%20the%20Muslims" title=" the unity of the Muslims"> the unity of the Muslims</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160044/towards-the-unification-of-hijri-calendar-a-study-in-the-application-of-hilal-visibility-criteria-according-to-the-agreement-of-four-religious-ministers-in-southeast-asia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160044.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1560</span> Development and Validation of Research Process for Enhancing Humanities Competence of Medical Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20J.%20Yune">S. J. Yune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20H.%20Park"> K. H. Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the research process for enhancing the humanities competence of the medical students. The research process was developed to be operated as a core subject course of 3 semesters. Among them, the research process for enhancing humanities capacity consisted of humanities and societies (6 teams) and education-psychology (2teams). The subjects of this study were 88-second grade students and 22 professors who participated in the research process. Among them, 13 professors participated in the study of humanities and 37 students. In the validity test, the professors were more likely to have more validity in the research process than the students in all areas of logic (p = .001), influence (p = .037), process (p = .001). The validity of the professor was higher than that of the students. The professors highly evaluated the students' learning outcomes and showed the most frequency to the prize group. As a result of analyzing the agreement between the students and the professors through the Kappa coefficient, the agreement degree of communication and cooperation competence was moderate to .430. Problem-solving ability was .340, which showed a fair degree of agreement. However, other factors showed only a slight degree of agreement of less than .20. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20process" title="research process">research process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20school" title=" medical school"> medical school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humanities%20competence" title=" humanities competence"> humanities competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity%20verification" title=" validity verification"> validity verification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88139/development-and-validation-of-research-process-for-enhancing-humanities-competence-of-medical-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88139.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1559</span> Implementing Fault Tolerance with Proxy Signature on the Improvement of RSA System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fault tolerance and data security are two important issues in modern communication systems. During the transmission of data between the sender and receiver, errors may occur frequently. Therefore, the sender must re-transmit the data to the receiver in order to correct these errors, which makes the system very feeble. To improve the scalability of the scheme, we present a proxy signature scheme with fault tolerance over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on the improved RSA system. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title="fault tolerance">fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20RSA" title=" improved RSA"> improved RSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title=" proxy signature"> proxy signature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51456/implementing-fault-tolerance-with-proxy-signature-on-the-improvement-of-rsa-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1558</span> An Efficient Proxy Signature Scheme Over a Secure Communications Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proxy signature scheme permits an original signer to delegate his/her signing capability to a proxy signer, and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we present a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on the discrete logarithm problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title="proxy signature">proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=warrant%20partial%20delegation" title=" warrant partial delegation"> warrant partial delegation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20logarithm" title=" discrete logarithm"> discrete logarithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51599/an-efficient-proxy-signature-scheme-over-a-secure-communications-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1557</span> A Secure Proxy Signature Scheme with Fault Tolerance Based on RSA System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the rapid growth in modern communication systems, fault tolerance and data security are two important issues in a secure transaction. During the transmission of data between the sender and receiver, errors may occur frequently. Therefore, the sender must re-transmit the data to the receiver in order to correct these errors, which makes the system very feeble. To improve the scalability of the scheme, we present a secure proxy signature scheme with fault tolerance over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on RSA system. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title="proxy signature">proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20tolerance" title=" fault tolerance"> fault tolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rsa" title=" rsa"> rsa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement%20protocol" title=" key agreement protocol"> key agreement protocol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51452/a-secure-proxy-signature-scheme-with-fault-tolerance-based-on-rsa-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1556</span> Secure Proxy Signature Based on Factoring and Discrete Logarithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20El-Kamchouchi">H. El-Kamchouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20Gaber"> Heba Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Ahmed"> Fatma Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20H.%20El-Kamchouchi"> Dalia H. El-Kamchouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A digital signature is an electronic signature form used by an original signer to sign a specific document. When the original signer is not in his office or when he/she travels outside, he/she delegates his signing capability to a proxy signer and then the proxy signer generates a signing message on behalf of the original signer. The two parties must be able to authenticate one another and agree on a secret encryption key, in order to communicate securely over an unreliable public network. Authenticated key agreement protocols have an important role in building a secure communications network between the two parties. In this paper, we present a secure proxy signature scheme over an efficient and secure authenticated key agreement protocol based on factoring and discrete logarithm problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20logarithm" title="discrete logarithm">discrete logarithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factoring" title=" factoring"> factoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proxy%20signature" title=" proxy signature"> proxy signature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=key%20agreement" title=" key agreement"> key agreement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597/secure-proxy-signature-based-on-factoring-and-discrete-logarithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51597.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1555</span> Criterion-Referenced Test Reliability through Threshold Loss Agreement: Fuzzy Logic Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Alavidoost">Mohammad Ali Alavidoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hossein%20Bozorgian"> Hossein Bozorgian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Criterion-referenced tests (CRTs) are designed to measure student performance against a fixed set of predetermined criteria or learning standards. The reliability of such tests cannot be based on internal reliability. Threshold loss agreement is one way to calculate the reliability of CRTs. However, the selection of master and non-master in such agreement is determined by the threshold point. The problem is if the threshold point witnesses a minute change, the selection of master and non-master may have a drastic change, leading to the change in reliability results. Therefore, in this study, the Fuzzy logic approach is employed as a remedial procedure for data analysis to obviate the threshold point problem. Forty-one Iranian students were selected; the participants were all between 20 and 30 years old. A quantitative approach was used to address the research questions. In doing so, a quasi-experimental design was utilized since the selection of the participants was not randomized. Based on the Fuzzy logic approach, the threshold point would be more stable during the analysis, resulting in rather constant reliability results and more precise assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criterion-referenced%20tests" title="criterion-referenced tests">criterion-referenced tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20loss%20agreement" title=" threshold loss agreement"> threshold loss agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20point" title=" threshold point"> threshold point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic%20approach" title=" fuzzy logic approach"> fuzzy logic approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135929/criterion-referenced-test-reliability-through-threshold-loss-agreement-fuzzy-logic-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1554</span> An Appraisal of Mitigation and Adaptation Measures under Paris Agreement 2015: Developing Nations' Pie</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olubisi%20Friday%20Oluduro">Olubisi Friday Oluduro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Paris Agreement 2015, the result of negotiations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), after Kyoto Protocol expiration, sets a long-term goal of limiting the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and of pursuing efforts to limiting this temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. An advancement on the erstwhile Kyoto Protocol which sets commitments to only a limited number of Parties to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, it includes the goal to increase the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and to make finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low GHGs emissions. For it achieve these goals, the Agreement requires all Parties to undertake efforts towards reaching global peaking of GHG emissions as soon as possible and towards achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the second half of the twenty-first century. In addition to climate change mitigation, the Agreement aims at enhancing adaptive capacity, strengthening resilience and reducing the vulnerability to climate change in different parts of the world. It acknowledges the importance of addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse of climate change. The Agreement also contains comprehensive provisions on support to be provided to developing countries, which includes finance, technology transfer and capacity building. To ensure that such supports and actions are transparent, the Agreement contains a number reporting provisions, requiring parties to choose the efforts and measures that mostly suit them (Nationally Determined Contributions), providing for a mechanism of assessing progress and increasing global ambition over time by a regular global stocktake. Despite the somewhat global look of the Agreement, it has been fraught with manifold limitations threatening its very existential capability to produce any meaningful result. Considering these obvious limitations some of which were the very cause of the failure of its predecessor—the Kyoto Protocol—such as the non-participation of the United States, non-payment of funds into the various coffers for appropriate strategic purposes, among others. These have left the developing countries largely threatened eve the more, being more vulnerable than the developed countries, which are really responsible for the climate change scourge. The paper seeks to examine the mitigation and adaptation measures under the Paris Agreement 2015, appraise the present situation since the Agreement was concluded and ascertain whether the developing countries have been better or worse off since the Agreement was concluded, and examine why and how, while projecting a way forward in the present circumstance. It would conclude with recommendations towards ameliorating the situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title="mitigation">mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptation" title=" adaptation"> adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paris%20agreement%202015" title=" Paris agreement 2015"> Paris agreement 2015</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework" title=" framework"> framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127995/an-appraisal-of-mitigation-and-adaptation-measures-under-paris-agreement-2015-developing-nations-pie" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127995.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1553</span> Factors Influencing Resolution of Anaphora with Collective Nominals in Russian</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Moskaleva">Anna Moskaleva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A prolific body of research in theoretical and experimental linguistics claims that a preference for conceptual or grammatical information in the process of agreement greatly depends on the type of agreement dependency. According to the agreement hierarchy, an anaphoric agreement is more sensitive to semantic or conceptual rather than grammatical information of an antecedent. Furthermore, a higher linear distance between a pronoun and its antecedent is assumed to trigger semantic agreement, yet the hierarchical distance is hardly examined in the research field, and the contribution of each distance factor is unclear. Apart from that, working memory volume is deemed to play a role in maintaining grammatical information during language comprehension. The aim of this study is to observe distance and working memory effects in resolution of anaphora with collective nominals (e.g., team) and to have a closer look at the interaction of the factors. Collective nominals in many languages can have a holistic or distributive meaning and can be addressed by a singular or a plural pronoun, respectively. We investigated linguistic factors of linear and rhetorical (hierarchical) distance and a more general factor of working memory volume in their ability to facilitate the interpretation of the number feature of a collective noun in Russian. An eye-tracking reading experiment on comprehension has been conducted where university students were presented with composed texts, including collective nouns and personal pronouns alluding to them. Different eye-tracking measures were calculated using statistical methods. The results have shown that a significant increase in reading time in the case of a singular pronoun was demonstrated when both distances were high, and no such effect was observed when just one of the distances was high. A decrease in reading time has been obtained with distance in the case of a plural pronoun. The working memory effect was not revealed in the experiment. The resonance of distance factors indicates that not only the linear distance but also the hierarchical distance is of great importance in interpreting pronouns. The experimental findings also suggest that, apart from the agreement hierarchy, the preference for conceptual or grammatical information correlates with the distance between a pronoun and its antecedent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collective%20nouns" title="collective nouns">collective nouns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agreement%20hierarchy" title=" agreement hierarchy"> agreement hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaphora%20resolution" title=" anaphora resolution"> anaphora resolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eye-tracking" title=" eye-tracking"> eye-tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20comprehension" title=" language comprehension"> language comprehension</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188970/factors-influencing-resolution-of-anaphora-with-collective-nominals-in-russian" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1552</span> Optimal Data Selection in Non-Ergodic Systems: A Tradeoff between Estimator Convergence and Representativeness Errors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakob%20Krause">Jakob Krause</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Past Financial Crisis has shown that contemporary risk management models provide an unjustified sense of security and fail miserably in situations in which they are needed the most. In this paper, we start from the assumption that risk is a notion that changes over time and therefore past data points only have limited explanatory power for the current situation. Our objective is to derive the optimal amount of representative information by optimizing between the two adverse forces of estimator convergence, incentivizing us to use as much data as possible, and the aforementioned non-representativeness doing the opposite. In this endeavor, the cornerstone assumption of having access to identically distributed random variables is weakened and substituted by the assumption that the law of the data generating process changes over time. Hence, in this paper, we give a quantitative theory on how to perform statistical analysis in non-ergodic systems. As an application, we discuss the impact of a paragraph in the last iteration of proposals by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulation. We start from the premise that the severity of assumptions should correspond to the robustness of the system they describe. Hence, in the formal description of physical systems, the level of assumptions can be much higher. It follows that every concept that is carried over from the natural sciences to economics must be checked for its plausibility in the new surroundings. Most of the probability theory has been developed for the analysis of physical systems and is based on the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) assumption. In Economics both parts of the i.i.d. assumption are inappropriate. However, only dependence has, so far, been weakened to a sufficient degree. In this paper, an appropriate class of non-stationary processes is used, and their law is tied to a formal object measuring representativeness. Subsequently, that data set is identified that on average minimizes the estimation error stemming from both, insufficient and non-representative, data. Applications are far reaching in a variety of fields. In the paper itself, we apply the results in order to analyze a paragraph in the Basel 3 framework on banking regulation with severe implications on financial stability. Beyond the realm of finance, other potential applications include the reproducibility crisis in the social sciences (but not in the natural sciences) and modeling limited understanding and learning behavior in economics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=banking%20regulation" title="banking regulation">banking regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-ergodicity" title=" non-ergodicity"> non-ergodicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semimartingale%20modeling" title=" semimartingale modeling"> semimartingale modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87649/optimal-data-selection-in-non-ergodic-systems-a-tradeoff-between-estimator-convergence-and-representativeness-errors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87649.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1551</span> Increasing the System Availability of Data Centers by Using Virtualization Technologies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Ewe">Chris Ewe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoum%20Jamous"> Naoum Jamous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holger%20Schr%C3%B6dl"> Holger Schrödl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Like most entrepreneurs, data center operators pursue goals such as profit-maximization, improvement of the company’s reputation or basically to exist on the market. Part of those aims is to guarantee a given quality of service. Quality characteristics are specified in a contract called the service level agreement. Central part of this agreement is non-functional properties of an IT service. The system availability is one of the most important properties as it will be shown in this paper. To comply with availability requirements, data center operators can use virtualization technologies. A clear model to assess the effect of virtualization functions on the parts of a data center in relation to the system availability is still missing. This paper aims to introduce a basic model that shows these connections, and consider if the identified effects are positive or negative. Thus, this work also points out possible disadvantages of the technology. In consequence, the paper shows opportunities as well as risks of data center virtualization in relation to system availability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=availability" title="availability">availability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing%20IT%20service" title=" cloud computing IT service"> cloud computing IT service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20service" title=" quality of service"> quality of service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20level%20agreement" title=" service level agreement"> service level agreement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtualization" title=" virtualization"> virtualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22414/increasing-the-system-availability-of-data-centers-by-using-virtualization-technologies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22414.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">536</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%201-2%20agreement&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basel%201-2%20agreement&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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