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height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-be.svg" width="117" height="12" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Пошук</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" aria-label="Шукаць у Вікіпедыі" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Знайсці ў Вікіпедыі [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Адмысловае:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Пошук</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Выгляд"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Выгляд" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Выгляд</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be" class=""><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова" class=""><span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Наменклатура" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Наменклатура"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Наменклатура</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Наменклатура-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гл._таксама" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гл._таксама"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гл. таксама</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Гл._таксама-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Крыніцы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Крыніцы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Крыніцы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Крыніцы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Спасылкі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Спасылкі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Спасылкі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Спасылкі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Локус (генетыка)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 50 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geenlokus" title="Geenlokus – афрыкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geenlokus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="афрыкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%B5%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%8A" title="موقع صبغوي – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="موقع صبغوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus" title="Lokus – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lokus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Локус – башкірская" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Локус" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкірская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Локус (генетика) – балгарская" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Локус (генетика)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="балгарская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(gen)" title="Lokus (gen) – баснійская" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lokus (gen)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="баснійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" title="Lokus (genetika) – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lokus (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetik)" title="Locus (genetik) – дацкая" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Locus (genetik)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="дацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genlocus" title="Genlocus – нямецкая" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Genlocus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γενετικός τόπος – грэчаская" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γενετικός τόπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="грэчаская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics) – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Locus (genetics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookus" title="Lookus – эстонская" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lookus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – баскская" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="جایگاه کروموزومی – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جایگاه کروموزومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus" title="Lokus – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lokus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1_(%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="לוקוס (גנטיקה) – іўрыт" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוקוס (גנטיקה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="іўрыт" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genski_lokus" title="Genski lokus – харвацкая" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Genski lokus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="харвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokusz" title="Lokusz – венгерская" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lokusz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" title="Lokus (genetika) – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lokus (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_genico" title="Locus genico – італьянская" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Locus genico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="італьянская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%A7" title="遺伝子座 – японская" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="遺伝子座" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ლოკუსი – грузінская" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლოკუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Локус – казахская" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Локус" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%9E%90%EC%9E%90%EB%A6%AC" title="유전자자리 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유전자자리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Локус – кіргізская" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Локус" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="кіргізская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokuss" title="Lokuss – латышская" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lokuss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Локус (генетика) – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Локус (генетика)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetik)" title="Lokus (genetik) – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lokus (genetik)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensteed" title="Gensteed – ніжненямецкая" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gensteed" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ніжненямецкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(biologie)" title="Locus (biologie) – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Locus (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus" title="Locus – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Locus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3cus_(gen%C3%A9tica)" title="Lócus (genética) – партугальская" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lócus (genética)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="партугальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetic%C4%83)" title="Locus (genetică) – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Locus (genetică)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81" title="Локус – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Локус" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" title="Lokus (genetika) – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lokus (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" title="Lokus (genetika) – славацкая" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lokus (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="славацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus_(genetika)" title="Lokus (genetika) – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lokus (genetika)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(biologi)" title="Locus (biologi) – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Locus (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="மரபணு இருக்கை – тамільская" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரபணு இருக்கை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамільская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="โลคัส (พันธุศาสตร์) – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลคัส (พันธุศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokus" title="Lokus – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lokus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Локус (генетика) – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Локус (генетика)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(gen)" title="Locus (gen) – в’етнамская" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Locus (gen)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="в’етнамская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics) – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Locus (genetics)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0%E5%BA%A7" title="基因座 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基因座" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%8D-%C5%ABi_(%C3%BBi-tho%C3%A2n-ha%CC%8Dk)" title="Chō-ūi (ûi-thoân-ha̍k) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chō-ūi (ûi-thoân-ha̍k)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106227#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Правіць міжмоўныя спасылкі" class="wbc-editpage">Правіць спасылкі</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Прасторы назваў"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Паказаць уласна змест старонкі [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Старонка</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">З Вікіпедыі, свабоднай энцыклапедыі</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="be" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Chromosome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chromosome.svg/220px-Chromosome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chromosome.svg/330px-Chromosome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Chromosome.svg/440px-Chromosome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="848" /></a><figcaption> Часткі тыповай храмасомы:<br />(1) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Храматыда (няма такой старонкі)">Храматыда</a><br />(2) <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цэнтрамера">Цэнтрамера</a><br />(3) Кароткае (p) плячо<br />(4) Доўгае (q) плячо</figcaption></figure> <p>У <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Генетыка">генетыцы</a> <b>локус</b> (<b>loci</b>) — гэта пэўная фіксаваная пазіцыя ў <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Храмасома">храмасоме</a>, дзе знаходзіцца пэўны <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Ген">ген</a> або <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ДНК-маркер (няма такой старонкі)">генетычны маркер</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Кожная храмасома нясе мноства генаў, прычым кожны ген займае рознае становішча або локус; у чалавека агульная колькасць <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геном чалавека (няма такой старонкі)">генаў, якія кадуюць бялок</a>, у поўным <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Плоіднасць">гаплоідным</a> наборы з 23 храмасом ацэньваецца ў 19 000-20 000.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Гены могуць мець некалькі варыянтаў, вядомых як <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Алелі">алелі</a>, таму можна таксама сказаць, што алель знаходзіцца ў пэўным локусе. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Плоіднасць">Дыплоідныя</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Паліплоіднасць (няма такой старонкі)">паліплоідныя</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Цэля">цэлі</a>, храмасомы якіх маюць адзін і той жа алель у пэўным локусе, называюцца <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зіготнасць (няма такой старонкі)">гомазіготнымі</a> ў адносінах да гэтага локуса, у той час як цэлі, якія маюць розныя алелі ў локусе, называюцца гетэразіготнымі.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Упарадкаваны спіс локусаў, вядомых для пэўнага <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Геном">геному,</a> называецца <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Генетычная карта (няма такой старонкі)">генетычнай картай</a>. Карціраванне генаў — гэта працэс вызначэння канкрэтнага локуса або локусаў, адказных за стварэнне пэўнага <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фенатып (няма такой старонкі)">фенатыпу</a> або <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фенатыпічная прыкмета (няма такой старонкі)">біялагічнай прыкметы</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Наменклатура"><span id=".D0.9D.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BA.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Наменклатура</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Наменклатура" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Наменклатура"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png/220px-Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png/330px-Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png/440px-Cytogenetic_Banding_Nomenclature.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption> Наменклатура <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карыатыпе (няма такой старонкі)">цытагенетычных палос</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Больш кароткае плячо храмасомы называецца <b>p-плячом</b>, а больш доўгае — <b>q-плячом</b>. Храмасомны локус тыповага гена, напрыклад, можна запісаць як <i>3p22.1</i>, дзе: </p> <ul><li><i>3</i> = <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_3_(%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Храмасома 3 (чалавек) (няма такой старонкі)">храмасома 3</a></li> <li><i>р</i> = р-плячо</li> <li><i>22</i> = вобласць 2, бэнд 2 (чытаецца як «два, два», а не «дваццаць два»)</li> <li><i>1</i> = суббэнд 1</li></ul> <p>Такім чынам, увесь локус з прыкладу вышэй будзе чытацца як «тры П два два кропка адзін». Цытагенетычныя бэнды (палосы) — гэта ўчасткі храмасомы, багатыя транскрыпцыйна актыўнай ДНК (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%9E%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Эўхраматын (няма такой старонкі)">эўхраматынам</a>) або ўпакаванай ДНК (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гетэрахраматын (няма такой старонкі)">гетэрахраматынам</a>). Пры афарбоўванні яны выглядаюць па-рознаму (напрыклад, эўхраматын выглядае белым, а гетэрахраматын — чорным пры <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Афарбоўка па Гімзе (няма такой старонкі)">афарбоўцы паводле Гімзы</a>). Яны адлічваюцца ад <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цэнтрамера">цэнтрамеры</a> да <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Целамера (няма такой старонкі)">целамераў</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg/92px-Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="92" height="500" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg/138px-Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg/184px-Neurofibromatosis2-locus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption> Прыклад цытагенетычных бэндаў</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/220px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/330px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/440px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png 2x" data-file-width="9684" data-file-height="16008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карыатыпе (няма такой старонкі)">Карыатып</a> чалавека з анатаванымі бэндамі і суббэндамі. На ім паказаны 22 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гамалагічная храмасома (няма такой старонкі)">гамалагічныя</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аўтасома">аўтасомныя</a> пары храмасом, жаночая (XX) і мужчынская (XY) версіі дзвюх <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Ганасомы">палавых храмасом</a>, а таксама <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Генетыка мітахондрый чалавека (няма такой старонкі)">мітахандрыяльны геном</a> (унізе злева).</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Кампанент </th> <th>Тлумачэнне </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>3</i> </td> <td>Нумар храмасомы </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>р</i> </td> <td>Знаходжанне на кароткім плячы храмасомы (распаўсюджанае апакрыфічнае тлумачэнне заключаецца ў тым, што <i>p</i> азначае <i>petit</i> на французскай мове); <i>q</i> абазначае доўгае плячо (выбіраецца ў якасці наступнай літары ў алфавіце пасля <i>p</i>; таксама кажуць, што <i>q</i> азначае <i>queue</i>, што азначае «хвост» па-французску<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>22.1</i> </td> <td>Лічбы, якія ідуць пасля літары, азначаюць становішча на плячы: вобласць 2, бэнд 2, суббэнд 1. Бэнды бачныя пад <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Мікраскоп">мікраскопам</a>, калі <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Храмасома">храмасома</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=G_%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G афарбоўка (няма такой старонкі)">адпаведна афарбавана</a>. Кожная з палос пранумаравана, пачынаючы з 1 для паласы, найбліжэйшай да <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цэнтрамера">цэнтрамеры</a>. Суббэнды і меншыя адзінкі бачныя ў больш высокім павелічэнні. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Дыяпазон локусаў вызначаецца аналагічным чынам. Напрыклад, локус гена <a href="/w/index.php?title=OCA1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCA1 (няма такой старонкі)">OCA1</a> можа быць напісаны як «11q1.4-q2.1», што азначае, што ён знаходзіцца на доўгім плячы храмасомы 11, дзесьці ў дыяпазоне ад субдыяпазону 4 вобласці 1 да субдыяпазону 1 другога рэгіёну . </p><p>Канцы храмасомы пазначаны <i>«pter»</i> і <i>«qter»</i>, таму <i>«2qter»</i> адносіцца да канца доўгага пляча храмасомы 2. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гл._таксама"><span id=".D0.93.D0.BB._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0"></span>Гл. таксама</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Гл. таксама" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Гл. таксама"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Транслакацыя">Транслакацыя</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Цытагенетычныя абазначэнні (няма такой старонкі)">Цытагенетычныя абазначэнні</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Карыятып (няма такой старонкі)">Карыятып</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Нулявы алель">Нулявы алель</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Крыніцы"><span id=".D0.9A.D1.80.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.96.D1.86.D1.8B"></span>Крыніцы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Правіць раздзел: Крыніцы" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0)&action=edit&section=3" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Крыніцы"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4817788">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWood1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, E.J. (1995). "The encyclopedia of molecular biology". <i>Biochemical Education</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 1165. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (ідэнтыфікатар) (няма такой старонкі)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0307-4412%2895%2990659-2">10.1016/0307-4412(95)90659-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Education&rft.atitle=The+encyclopedia+of+molecular+biology&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1165&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0307-4412%2895%2990659-2&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4817788"><cite id="CITEREFEzkurdiaJuanRodriguezFrankish2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ezkurdia, Iakes; Juan, David; Rodriguez, Jose Manuel; Frankish, Adam; Diekhans, Mark; Harrow, Jennifer; Vazquez, Jesus; Valencia, Alfonso; Tress, Michael L. (2014-11-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204768">"Multiple evidence strands suggest that there may be as few as 19,000 human protein-coding genes"</a>. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. <b>23</b> (22): 5866–5878. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (ідэнтыфікатар) (няма такой старонкі)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddu309">10.1093/hmg/ddu309</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (ідэнтыфікатар)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1460-2083">1460-2083</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=PMC_(%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMC (ідэнтыфікатар) (няма такой старонкі)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Свабодны доступ"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4204768">4204768</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (ідэнтыфікатар)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24939910">24939910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&rft.atitle=Multiple+evidence+strands+suggest+that+there+may+be+as+few+as+19%2C000+human+protein-coding+genes&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=5866-5878&rft.date=2014-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4204768%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1460-2083&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24939910&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhmg%2Fddu309&rft.aulast=Ezkurdia&rft.aufirst=Iakes&rft.au=Juan%2C+David&rft.au=Rodriguez%2C+Jose+Manuel&rft.au=Frankish%2C+Adam&rft.au=Diekhans%2C+Mark&rft.au=Harrow%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Vazquez%2C+Jesus&rft.au=Valencia%2C+Alfonso&rft.au=Tress%2C+Michael+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4204768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fbe.wikipedia.org%3A%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81+%28%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span style="" lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/geneticsdictionary?expand=H">NCI Dictionary of Genetics</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none"><b> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="нявызначанай мовай">(нявызн.)</span></b></span>.  <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Cancer_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Cancer Institute (няма такой старонкі)">National Cancer Institute</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150426162238/http://www.cancer.gov/geneticsdictionary?expand=H">Архівавана</a> з першакрыніцы 26 April 2015.</small> <small>Праверана 13 December 2014.</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><span style="" lang="und"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Original8Hour/Genetics/chrombanding.html">NCBI Genetics Review</a></span><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none"><b> <span class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="нявызначанай мовай">(нявызн.)</span></b></span>.  <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information (няма такой старонкі)">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a>. <small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509060227/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Class/MLACourse/Original8Hour/Genetics/chrombanding.html">Архівавана</a> з першакрыніцы 9 May 2023.</small> <small>Праверана 10 March 2021.</small></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Спасылкі"><span 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