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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Clasificare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatură_estonă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatură_estonă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatură estonă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatură_estonă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Limbă_de_stat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Limbă_de_stat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Limbă de stat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Limbă_de_stat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialecte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialecte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Dialecte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialecte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_de_scriere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_de_scriere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sistem de scriere</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_de_scriere-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sistem de scriere subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_de_scriere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ortografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ortografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ortografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ortografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referințe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referințe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referințe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referințe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Limba estonă</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 156 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аестон бызшәа – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аестон бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esties" title="Esties – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Esties" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estnische_Sprache" title="Estnische Sprache – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Estnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B6%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ኤስቶንኛ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤስቶንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estonio" title="Idioma estonio – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma estonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisc_gereord" title="Estisc gereord – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Estisc gereord" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الإستونية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإستونية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="لغه استونى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه استونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estoniu" title="Idioma estoniu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma estoniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_dili" title="Eston dili – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Eston dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="استون دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="استون دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эстон теле – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Эстон теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estu_kalba" title="Estu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Estu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эстонская мова – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эстонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Эстонская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эстонская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски език – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Естонски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="এস্তোনীয় ভাষা – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এস্তোনীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneg" title="Estoneg – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Estoneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoni%C3%A0" title="Estonià – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estonià" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Эстонийн мотт – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эстонийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Estonyo" title="Pinulongang Estonyo – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ئەستۆنی – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئەستۆنی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C5%A1tina" title="Estonština – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Estonština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Эстон чĕлхи – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эстон чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoneg" title="Estoneg – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Estoneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk_(sprog)" title="Estisk (sprog) – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Estisk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estnische_Sprache" title="Estnische Sprache – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Estnische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonki" title="Estonki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Estonki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estni%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Estnišćina – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Estnišćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Εσθονική γλώσσα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσθονική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Estonian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estona_lingvo" title="Estona lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Estona lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_estonio" title="Idioma estonio – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma estonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_keel" title="Eesti keel – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesti keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniera" title="Estoniera – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estoniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luenga_est%C3%B3nia" title="Luenga estónia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luenga estónia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان استونیایی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان استونیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viron_kieli" title="Viron kieli – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viron kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesti_kiil" title="Eesti kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eesti kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estiskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Estiskt mál – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Estiskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonien" title="Estonien – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Estonien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestnisk_spriak" title="Eestnisk spriak – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Eestnisk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estysk" title="Estysk – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Estysk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_East%C3%B3inis" title="An Eastóinis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Eastóinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastoinis" title="Eastoinis – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eastoinis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_estoniana" title="Lingua estoniana – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua estoniana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoinish" title="Estoinish – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Estoinish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia-ng%C3%AE" title="Estonia-ngî – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Estonia-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_%CA%BBEsetonia" title="ʻŌlelo ʻEsetonia – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo ʻEsetonia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אסטונית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אסטונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियाई भाषा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एस्टोनियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_bhasa" title="Estonian bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Estonian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Estišćina – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Estišćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szt_nyelv" title="Észt nyelv – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észt nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Էստոներեն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էստոներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Estonia" title="Jaku Estonia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Estonia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Estonio" title="Pagsasao nga Estonio – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Estonio" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniana_linguo" title="Estoniana linguo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Estoniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eistneska" title="Eistneska – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Eistneska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_estone" title="Lingua estone – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua estone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="エストニア語 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エストニア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ესტონური ენა – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესტონური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_tili" title="Eston tili – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Eston tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tis%E1%B9%ADunit" title="Tisṭunit – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tisṭunit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Эстон тілі – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эстон тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8" title="ភាសាអេស្តូនី – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអេស្តូនី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="에스토니아어 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에스토니아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эст кыв – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эст кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Эстон тил – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Эстон тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_eston%C3%AE" title="Zimanê estonî – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê estonî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Эст кыв – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Эст кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniek" title="Estoniek – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Estoniek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Эстон тили – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эстон тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Estonica" title="Lingua Estonica – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Estonica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Эстон маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Эстон маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esti_(lingua)" title="Esti (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Esti (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Estisch" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_estun" title="Lengua estun – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua estun" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C5%B3_kalba" title="Estų kalba – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Estų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Igauņu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Igauņu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igau%C5%86u_valoda" title="Igauņu valoda – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Igauņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эстинь кяль – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Эстинь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_est%C3%B4niana" title="Fiteny estôniana – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny estôniana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Эстон йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Эстон йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски јазик – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Естонски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="എസ്തോണിയൻ ഭാഷ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എസ്തോണിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Эстони хэл – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эстони хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियन भाषा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एस्टोनियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%B9%D0%BB%D0%BC%D3%B9" title="Эстон йӹлмӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Эстон йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Estonia" title="Bahasa Estonia – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Estonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Эстэнь кель – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Эстэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="استونیایی – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="استونیایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestnisch" title="Eestnisch – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eestnisch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esties" title="Esties – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Esties" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्टोनियाली भाषा – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एस्टोनियाली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="एस्तोनियन भाषा – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एस्तोनियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisch" title="Estisch – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Estisch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Estisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estisk" title="Estisk – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Estisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian" title="Estonian – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Estonian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eestin_kieli" title="Eestin kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Eestin kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Эстойнаг æвзаг – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эстойнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਤੋਨੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyan" title="Estonyan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Estonyan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_esto%C5%84ski" title="Język estoński – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język estoński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Estonian" title="Lenga Estonian – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Estonian" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C" title="اسٹونی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اسٹونی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اېستونيايي ژبه – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېستونيايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_estoniana" title="Língua estoniana – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua estoniana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istunya_simi" title="Istunya simi – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Istunya simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Эстонский язык – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эстонский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Естоньскый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Естоньскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyesitoniya" title="Icyesitoniya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyesitoniya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эстон тыла – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эстон тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱛᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_%C3%A8stone" title="Limba èstone – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba èstone" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonie_leid" title="Estonie leid – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Estonie leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esttegiella" title="Esttegiella – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Esttegiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonski_jezik" title="Estonski jezik – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Estonski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Estonian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Est%C3%B3n%C4%8Dina" title="Estónčina – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Estónčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Estonščina – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Estonščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virokiel%C3%A2" title="Virokielâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Virokielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_estoneze" title="Gjuha estoneze – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha estoneze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Естонски језик – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Естонски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estniska" title="Estniska – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Estniska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiestonia" title="Kiestonia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiestonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="எசுத்தோனிய மொழி – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுத்தோனிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D3%A3" title="Забони эстонӣ – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони эстонӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาเอสโตเนีย – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเอสโตเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Estonyo" title="Wikang Estonyo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonca" title="Estonca – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Estonca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Эстон теле – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эстон теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Эстон кыл – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Эстон кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېستون تىلى – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېستون تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Естонська мова – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Естонська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="استونیائی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استونیائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eston_tili" title="Eston tili – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Eston tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_%C3%A8stona" title="Łéngua èstona – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua èstona" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estin_kel%27" title="Estin kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Estin kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Estonia" title="Tiếng Estonia – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Estonia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestiy" title="Lestiy – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lestiy" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyin_(lingaedje)" title="Estonyin (lingaedje) – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Estonyin (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonyo" title="Estonyo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Estonyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="爱沙尼亚语 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="爱沙尼亚语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ესტონური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესტონური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A9" title="עסטיש – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עסטיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="爱沙尼亚语 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="爱沙尼亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="愛沙尼亞語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="愛沙尼亞語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonia-g%C3%AD" title="Estonia-gí – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Estonia-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%87" title="愛沙尼亞文 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="愛沙尼亞文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet limba" style="background-color:#32CD32;color:#000000;">Estonă<br /><i>eesti keel </i></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vorbită în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Număr de vorbitori</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">1,22 milioane (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem de scriere</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Alfabetul_latin" title="Alfabetul latin">Alfabetul latin</a> (varianta estonă)</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Tipologie lingvistică</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SVO&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SVO — pagină inexistentă">limbă SVO</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#32CD32;color:#000000;">Clasificare</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><div style="margin-left:15px"><a href="/wiki/Limbi_uralice" title="Limbi uralice">limbi uralice</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_fino-ugrice" title="Limbi fino-ugrice">limbile fino-ugrice</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_fino-permice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi fino-permice — pagină inexistentă">limbi fino-permice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161240" class="extiw" title="d:Q161240"><span title="limbi fino-permice la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_fino-volgaice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi fino-volgaice — pagină inexistentă">limbi fino-volgaice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161236" class="extiw" title="d:Q161236"><span title="limbi fino-volgaice la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbi_fino-samice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbi fino-samice — pagină inexistentă">limbi fino-samice</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163652" class="extiw" title="d:Q163652"><span title="limbi fino-samice la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-finice" title="Limbi balto-finice">limbi balto-finice</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:5px"><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">limba estonă</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#32CD32;color:#000000;">Statut oficial și codificare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbă oficială în</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Organ de<br />reglementare</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institutul_Limbii_Estone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institutul Limbii Estone — pagină inexistentă">Institutul Limbii Estone (<i>Eesti Keele Instituut</i>)</a>, Emakeele Selts (semioficial)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">et</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-2</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">est</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-3<br />(cel mai<br />răspândit dialect)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style="text-align: left;;">est</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#32CD32;color:#000000;">Extras</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Declara%C8%9Bia_Universal%C4%83_a_Drepturilor_Omului" title="Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului">Declarația Universală a Drepturilor Omului</a> - Articolul 1</b><br /> Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#32CD32;color:#000000;">Răspândire în lume</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;text-align: center;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Idioma_estonio.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Răspândire în lume"><img alt="Răspândire în lume" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Idioma_estonio.PNG/220px-Idioma_estonio.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Idioma_estonio.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="203" /></a></span> <br /><small> </small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Puteți vizita <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <b><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="et:">în estonă</a></b>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;text-align: left;;">Această pagină poate conține caractere <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajutor:Unicode">Unicode</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##32CD32 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072" class="extiw" title="d:Q9072">date</a> / <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=0">text</a></span> <span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_Limb%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16573438">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Estona</b> (<span lang="et" style="font-style:italic"><i>eesti keel</i></span> /ˈeːsti ˈkeːl/ <small>(<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Et-eesti_keel.ogg" title="Despre acest sunet"><img alt="Despre acest sunet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </span><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Et-eesti_keel.ogg" class="internal" title="Et-eesti keel.ogg">ascultă</a></span></span>)</small> este limba oficială a <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estoniei</a>, vorbită nativ de aproximativ 1.1 millioane de persoane în Estonia și de câteva zeci de mii în comunitățile de imigranți. Limba estonă aparține ramurii <a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-finice" title="Limbi balto-finice">balto-finice</a> a <a href="/wiki/Limbi_uralice" title="Limbi uralice">familiei uralice</a>. </p><p>O caracteristică deosebită care a atras mult interes din partea lingviștilor este prezența a trei grade de lungime <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonemică</a>: scurtă, lungă și foarte lungă, astfel încât <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/sɑdɑ/</span>, <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/sɑˑdɑ/</span> și <span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/sɑːdɑ/</span> sunt distincte. În realitate, distincția nu este doar în lungimea fonemică, și mecanismul <a href="/wiki/Fonologie" title="Fonologie">fonologic</a> de la bază este încă neclar.<span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16584850">.mw-parser-output .citationNeeded{background-color:#ffeaea;color:#444444}</style> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificare">Clasificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Limba estonă aparține <a href="/wiki/Limbi_balto-finice" title="Limbi balto-finice">ramurii balto-finice</a> a <a href="/wiki/Limbi_uralice" title="Limbi uralice">limbilor uralice</a>, împreună cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_finlandez%C4%83" title="Limba finlandeză">limba finlandeză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_carel%C4%83" title="Limba carelă">limba carelă</a> și alte limbi apropiate. Limbile uralice nu aparțin <a href="/wiki/Limbi_indo-europene" title="Limbi indo-europene">limbilor indo-europene</a>. Estona este înrudită distant cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_maghiar%C4%83" title="Limba maghiară">limba maghiară</a> și cu <a href="/wiki/Limba_sami" title="Limba sami">limbile sami</a>. </p><p>Limba estonă a fost influențată de <a href="/wiki/Limba_suedez%C4%83" title="Limba suedeză">limba suedeză</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">limba germană</a> (inițial <a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_german%C4%83_de_jos_medie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limba germană de jos medie — pagină inexistentă">limba germană de jos medie</a>, care era <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> <a href="/wiki/Liga_Hanseatic%C4%83" title="Liga Hanseatică">Ligii Hanseatice</a> și care se vorbea ca limbă nativă în Estonia de astăzi de o comunitate burgheză importantă de <a href="/wiki/Germani_baltici" title="Germani baltici">germani baltici</a>; mai târziu limba estonă a fost influențată și de <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">germana standard</a>) și de <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">limba rusă</a>, chiar dacă nu se înrudește lingvistic cu ele. </p><p>La fel ca limba finlandeză și maghiară, limba estonă este într-o oarecare măsură o <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_aglutinant%C4%83" title="Limbă aglutinantă">limbă aglutinantă</a>, dar, spre deosebite de ele, și-a pierdut <a href="/wiki/Armonie_vocalic%C4%83" title="Armonie vocalică">armonia vocalică</a>. În limba estonă vocalele frontale se găsesc exclusiv pe prima silabă dau pe silaba accentuată, dar în textele mai vechi armonia vocalică se mai poate observa. În plus, apocopa sunetelor de la sfârșitul cuvintelor este extinsă și a contribuit la trecerea de la o limbă pur aglutinantă la o <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_flexionar%C4%83" title="Limbă flexionară">limbă flexionară</a>. <span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16584850"> Topica de bază este subiect-verb-complement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cele două limbi estone (uneori considerate limbi diferite) sunt limba estonă nordică și sudică. Acestea sunt bazate pe migrația strămoșilor estonilor pe teritoriul Estoniei în cel puțin două valuri, ambele grupuri vorbind limbi balto-finice considerabil diferite.<sup id="cite_ref-LPOE_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPOE-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Estona modernă standard a evoluat pe baza dialectului nordic. </p><p>Dominația Estoniei de către <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> după <a href="/wiki/Cruciadele_Nordice" title="Cruciadele Nordice">Cruciadele Nordice</a> din secolul al treisprezecelea până în anul 1918 au întârziat alfabetizarea în Estonia. <span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16584850"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/200px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/300px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/EstonianGrammar1637.jpg/400px-EstonianGrammar1637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Carte de gramatică estonă publicată în 1637 de către Heinrich Stahl</figcaption></figure> <p>Cele mai vechi dovezi ale unei limbi balto-finice în Estonia datează din secolul al treisprezecelea. „Originates Livoniae” din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cronica_lui_Henric_de_Livonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cronica lui Henric de Livonia — pagină inexistentă">Cronica lui Henric de Livonia</a> conține toponime, cuvinte și fragmente de propoziții estone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatură_estonă"><span id="Literatur.C4.83_eston.C4.83"></span>Literatură estonă</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Literatură estonă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Literatură estonă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px 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.ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-move ambox-move" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Merge-arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">S-a sugerat ca în pagina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Literatura_eston%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literatura estonă — pagină inexistentă">Literatura estonă</a> să fie inclus conținutul acestei pagini sau secțiuni.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cele mai vechi mostre de text în limba estonă (de nord) sunt rugăciunile de la Kullamaa, datând dintre 1524 și 1528.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1525 s-a tipărit prima carte publicată în limba estonă. Cartea era un manuscris luteran care nu a ajuns niciodată la cititori și a fost distrus imediat după publicare. </p><p>Prima carte în limba estonă care s-a păstrat este o traducere germană-estonă a catehismului luteran de S. Wanradt și J. Koell datând din 1535, din timpul <a href="/wiki/Reforma_Protestant%C4%83" title="Reforma Protestantă">Reformei Protestante</a>. O carte de gramatică estonă pentru preoți a fost tipărită în limba germană în 1637<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Noul_Testament" title="Noul Testament">Noul Testament</a> a fost tradus în <a href="/wiki/Limba_v%C3%B5ro" title="Limba võro">limba võro</a> în 1686 și în estona nordică în 1715. Cele două limbi au fost unite pe baza estonei nordice de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anton_thor_Helle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anton thor Helle — pagină inexistentă">Anton thor Helle</a>. </p><p>În timpul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminism_eston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminism eston — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismului eston</a>, între anii 1750 și 1840, literatura în estonă a devenit mai importantă. </p><p>Începutul literaturii estone native a fost între 1810 și 1820, când s-au publicat poemele patriotice și filozofice ale lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristjan_Jaak_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristjan Jaak Peterson — pagină inexistentă">Kristjan Jaak Peterson</a>. Peterson a fost primul student de la <a href="/wiki/Universitatea_din_Tartu" title="Universitatea din Tartu">Universitatea din Tartu</a>, la care se preda pe atunci în limba germană, care să își recunoască originea estonă. El este considerat o figură importantă a literaturii naționale estone și inițiatorul poeziei moderne estone. Ziua sa de naștere, 14 martie, este sărbătorită în Estonia ca Ziua Limbii Materne.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un fragment din „Kuu”, un poem al lui Peterson, exprimă dorința de a reintroduce importanța limbii estone: </p> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Kas siis selle maa keel</i><br /> <i>Laulutuules ei või</i><br /> <i>Taevani tõustes üles</i><br /> <i>Igavikku omale otsida?</i> </p> </div> <p>Traducere: </p> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Poate limba acestei țări</i><br /> <i>În vântul incantației</i><br /> <i>Ridicându-se la ceruri</i><br /> <i>Să nu caute eternitatea?</i> </p> </div> <p>Din 1525 în 1917 s-au publicat 14 503 de cărți în estonă, dar între 1918 și 1940 s-au publicat 23 868.<span class="citationNeeded skin-invert"></span><sup class="noprint"><span style="color:red;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor"><i>necesită citare</i></a>]</span></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16584850"> </p><p>În 1917, a fost fondată mișcarea literară <a href="/wiki/Siuru" title="Siuru">Siuru</a>, o mișcare <a href="/wiki/Expresionism" title="Expresionism">expresionistă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Neoromantism" title="Neoromantism">neo-romantică</a> opusă tradiției <a href="/w/index.php?title=Formalism_(literatur%C4%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formalism (literatură) — pagină inexistentă">formaliste</a> a Tinerilor Estoni (Noor-Eesti).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poezia mișcării a fost adesea considerată ca fiind scandaloasă datorită naturii ei <a href="/wiki/Erotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic">erotice</a>. Chiar dacă a avut o durată scurtă, lipsită de independența estonă și de mișcarea literaturii naționale care a urmat, membrii acesteia au devenit figuri importante în literatură estonă de-a lungul primei perioade de independență a Estoniei și în exilul comunității literare estone în timpul ocupației sovietice. Împreună cu fondatorul <a href="/wiki/August_Gailit" title="August Gailit">August Gailit</a>, mișcarea a inclus următorii tineri poeți și scriitori: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Under" title="Marie Under">Marie Under</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Visnapuu" title="Henrik Visnapuu">Henrik Visnapuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Semper" title="Johannes Semper">Johannes Semper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedebert_Tuglas" title="Friedebert Tuglas">Friedebert Tuglas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peet_Aren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peet Aren — pagină inexistentă">Peet Aren</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Krusten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Krusten — pagină inexistentă">Otto Krusten</a> și <a href="/wiki/Artur_Adson" title="Artur Adson">Artur Adson</a>. Între 1917 și 1919, Siuru a publicat trei volume de poezie. În 1919 au apărut conflicte în cadrul grupului. Visnapuu și Gailit au plecat, în timp ce <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Barbarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Barbarus">Johannes Barbarus</a> și <a href="/wiki/August_Alle" title="August Alle">August Alle</a> s-au alăturat ca membri noi. </p><p>În timpurile moderne <a href="/wiki/Jaan_Kross" title="Jaan Kross">Jaan Kross</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jaan_Kaplinski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jaan Kaplinski — pagină inexistentă">Jaan Kaplinski</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sunt cei mai cunoscuți și traduși scriitori estoni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Limbă_de_stat"><span id="Limb.C4.83_de_stat"></span>Limbă de stat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Limbă de stat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Limbă de stat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scrierile pe limba estonă au devenit mai importante doar în secolul 19 după răspândirea ideilor <a href="/wiki/Iluminism" title="Iluminism">Iluminismului</a>, în timpul perioadei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iluminism_eston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iluminism eston — pagină inexistentă">Iluminismului eston</a> (1750–1840). Deși, în general, <a href="/wiki/Germani_baltici" title="Germani baltici">germanii baltici</a> vedeau viitorul estonilor ca o fuziune cu ei, clasa educată estofilă admira cultura antică a estonilor și era lor de libertate înainte de cucerirea lor de către danezi și germani în secolul 13.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>După <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83zboiul_Eston_de_Independen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Războiul Eston de Independență — pagină inexistentă">Războiul Eston de Independență</a> din 1919, limba estonă a devenit <a href="/wiki/Limb%C4%83_oficial%C4%83" title="Limbă oficială">limba oficială</a> a noului stat. În 1945, 97,3% dintre locuitorii Estoniei se considerau etnici estoni<sup id="cite_ref-Rannut_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rannut-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> și vorbeau limba estonă. </p><p>Când Estonia a fost invadată și ocupată de către <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Sovietic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Sovietică">Uniunea Sovietică</a> în <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, statutul limbii estone a devenit de limbă cooficială (<a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusa</a> fiind cealaltă).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La fel ca și în <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>, în Estonia au venit mulți imigranți încurajați de sovietici.<sup id="cite_ref-Rannut_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rannut-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În a doua jumătate a anilor 1970, presiunea pentru multilingualism în Estonia a crescut, așa că majoritatea estonilor au învățat rusă. Limba rusă era numită „limba prieteniei popoarelor” și era predată copiilor estoni, uneori încă de la grădiniță. Deși predarea limbii estone celor care nu erau estoni era obligatorie, practic învățarea limbii nu era considerată necesară. </p><p>În timpul <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroikăi</a>, Legea Privind Statutul Limbii Estone a fost adoptată în ianuarie 1989. Prăbușirea Uniunii Sovietice a dus la restaurarea independenței <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Republicii Estone</a>. Limba estonă a devenit din nou singura limbă oficială a Estoniei, ceea ce înseamnă că se încuraja folosirea ei, în timp ce folosirea limbii ruse era descurajată. </p><p>Întoarcerea imigranților sovietici în țările de origine a adus proporția estonilor în Estonia înapoi peste 70%. La fel ca în Letonia, cei mai mulți dintre ne-estonii rămași în Estonia au adoptat limba estonă: aproximativ 40% la recensământul din 2000. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialecte">Dialecte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dialecte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Dialecte"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg/220px-Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg/330px-Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg/440px-Wastne_V%C3%B5ro_keeli_A_B_D_raamat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Un abecedar din 1885 în <a href="/wiki/Limba_v%C3%B5ro" title="Limba võro">limba võro</a> scris de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Hurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Hurt — pagină inexistentă">Johann Hurt</a>: „Wastne Võro keeli ABD raamat”</figcaption></figure> <p>Dialectele estone<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> se divid în două grupe: dialectul nordic, asociat istoric cu orașul <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, dialectul sudic, asociat cu <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, și dialectul distinct „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dialectul_kirderanniku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dialectul kirderanniku — pagină inexistentă">kideranniku</a>”, al coastei de nord-est a Estoniei. </p><p>Grupul nordic constă din „keskmurre” sau dialectul central, pe care se bazează limba standard, „läänemurre” sau dialectul vestic, corespunzând zonei <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne" title="Comitatul Lääne">Läänemaa</a> și <a href="/wiki/Comitatul_P%C3%A4rnu" title="Comitatul Pärnu">Pärnumaa</a>, „saarte murre” de pe insulele <a href="/wiki/Saaremaa" title="Saaremaa">Saaremaa</a> și <a href="/wiki/Hiiumaa" title="Hiiumaa">Hiiumaa</a>, și „idamurre”, dialectul estic, vorbit pe malul de nord-est al <a href="/wiki/Lacul_Peipus" title="Lacul Peipus">lacului Peipus</a>. </p><p>Grupul sudic constă din dialectele Tartu, Mulgi, Võru (<a href="/wiki/Limba_v%C3%B5ro" title="Limba võro">limba võro</a>) și Setu. Acestea sunt uneori considerate variante ale limbii estone sudice și alteori limbi separate.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De asemenea, Setu și Võro se deosebesc mai puțin prin limbă și mai mult prin religie și cultură.<sup id="cite_ref-Rannut_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rannut-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_de_scriere">Sistem de scriere</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sistem de scriere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sistem de scriere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabet">Alfabet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Alfabet"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alfabetul limbii estone se bazează pe alfabetul latin, dar adaugă literele <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ä — pagină inexistentă">ä</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ö — pagină inexistentă">ö</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ü — pagină inexistentă">ü</a></i> și <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Õ — pagină inexistentă">õ</a></i>, plus <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Š — pagină inexistentă">š</a></i> și <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ž — pagină inexistentă">ž</a></i>, introduse ulterior. Literele <i>c</i>, <i>q</i>, <i>w</i>, <i>x</i> și <i>y</i> apar doar în nume proprii de origine străină, iar <i>f</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>š</i> și <i>ž</i> apar doar în neologisme. <i>Ö</i> și <i>ü</i> se pronunță ca și echivalentele lor din <a href="/wiki/Limba_suedez%C4%83" title="Limba suedeză">limba suedeză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_german%C4%83" title="Limba germană">germană</a>. Spre deosebire de germana standard dar la fel ca în finlandeză, <i>ä</i> se pronunță /æ/. Vocalele Ä, Ö și Ü sunt clar <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">foneme</a> separate și proprii limbii estone, chiar dacă forma literelor vine din germană. Litera <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Õ — pagină inexistentă">õ</a></i> reprezintă /ɤ/, un /o/ nerotunjit, sunet numit științific <a href="/wiki/Vocal%C4%83_semi%C3%AEnchis%C4%83_posterioar%C4%83_nerotunjit%C4%83" title="Vocală semiînchisă posterioară nerotunjită">vocală semiînchisă posterioară nerotunjită</a>. Acest sunet e aproape identic cu sunetul /ɤ̞/ din <a href="/wiki/Limba_bulgar%C4%83" title="Limba bulgară">limba bulgară</a>, notat cu <i>ъ</i>, și cu sunetul notat în <a href="/wiki/Limba_vietnamez%C4%83" title="Limba vietnameză">limba vietnameză</a> cu <i>ơ</i>. <i>Õ</i> se folosește și pentru a translitera litera chirilică <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ы">ы</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ortografie">Ortografie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Ortografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Ortografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Deși <a href="/wiki/Ortografie" title="Ortografie">ortografia</a> limbii estone este în general ghidată pe principii fonetice, cu fiecare <a href="/wiki/Grafem" title="Grafem">grafem</a> corespunzând unui singur <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a>, există unele devieri istorice și morfologice de la această regulă, cum ar fi conservarea <a href="/wiki/Morfem" title="Morfem">morfemului</a> la <a href="/wiki/Declinare" title="Declinare">declinarea</a> unui cuvânt (scriind b, g, d acolo unde se pronunță p, k, t) și în folosirea lui „i” și „j”.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="Textul din vecinătatea acestei etichete necesită clarificare sau eliminarea unor termeni neclari" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Please clarify">necesită clarificare</a></i>]</span></sup> </p><p>În scriere, acolo unde este impractic sau imposibil să se scrie „š” sau „ž” ele sunt substituite cu „sh” sau „zh”, chiar dacă această practică este considerată greșită. Altfel, litera „h” din „sh” reprezintă o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fricativ%C4%83_glotal%C4%83_surd%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fricativă glotală surdă — pagină inexistentă">fricativă glotală surdă</a>, ca în „Pasha” (<span title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" class="AFI"><small></small>/ˈpɑsˌhɑ/</span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referințe"><span id="Referin.C8.9Be"></span>Referințe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Referințe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limba_eston%C4%83&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Referințe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/est">Estonă</a> la <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (ediția a optsprezecea, 2015)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/ekk">Estona standard</a> la <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (ediția a optsprezecea, 2015)<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/vro">Võro</a> la <i><a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a></i> (ediția a optsprezecea, 2015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LPOE-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LPOE_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rannut, Mart (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703233542/http://www6.gencat.net/llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/docs/rannut.pdf">„Language Policy in Estonia”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Noves SL. Revista de Sociolingüística. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www6.gencat.net/llengcat/noves/hm04primavera-estiu/docs/rannut.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-07-03">3 iulie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-06-27">27 iunie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+in+Estonia&rft.pub=Noves+SL.+Revista+de+Socioling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Rannut&rft.aufirst=Mart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww6.gencat.net%2Fllengcat%2Fnoves%2Fhm04primavera-estiu%2Fdocs%2Frannut.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+eston%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=owQBH74N8CIC&pg">Aspecte ale Civilizației Altaice, de Denis Sinor</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0700703802" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7007-0380-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnckpL8auSIC&pg">Dicționar al Limbilor de Andrew Dalby; p. 182</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0231115695" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-231-11569-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpR0-OrrwssC&dq">Cultura și Obiceiurile Statelor Baltice, de Kevin O'Connor; P.126</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0313331251" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-313-33125-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-409097/Neoromantic-Young-Estonia-group">"Young Estonia"</a> <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=20&btnG=Google+Search&&as_auth=Jaan+Kross">Jaan Kross</a> la google.books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=20&btnG=Google+Search&&as_auth=Jaan+Kaplinski">Jaan Kaplinski</a> la google.books</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Subrenat, Jean-Jacques (<time datetime="2004-01-01">1 ianuarie 2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kBZlHdp7tdcC&pg"><i>Estonia:Identitate și independență</i></a>. Rodopi. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/90-420-0890-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/90-420-0890-3">90-420-0890-3</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2014-08-23">23 august 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Estonia%3AIdentitate+%C8%99i+independen%C8%9B%C4%83&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=90-420-0890-3&rft.aulast=Subrenat&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkBZlHdp7tdcC%26pg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+eston%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rannut-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rannut_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rannut_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rannut_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mart Rannut (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). „Politica Lingvistică în Estonia”. <i>Noves SL. Revista de Sociolingüística</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noves+SL.+Revista+de+Socioling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica&rft.atitle=Politica+Lingvistic%C4%83+%C3%AEn+Estonia&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Mart+Rannut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+eston%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YgtSqB9oqDIC&dq">Enciclopedia Bilingualismului și a Educației Bilingve de Sylvia Prys Jones, Colin Baker</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1853593621" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85359-362-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129215142/http://www.murre.ut.ee/assets/EESTIkhkingl.jpg">„Harta dialectelor estone, Secția pentru Dialecte a Universității din Tartu”</a>. <time datetime="2013-03-28">28 martie 2013</time>. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2014-09-23">23 septembrie 2014</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harta+dialectelor+estone%2C+Sec%C8%9Bia+pentru+Dialecte+a+Universit%C4%83%C8%9Bii+din+Tartu&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.murre.ut.ee%2Fassets%2FEESTIkhkingl.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+eston%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220115230/http://www.siksali.ee/cultour/EE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf">„Turismul cultural în Estonia sudică și în Comitatul Võru”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Siksali</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siksali.ee/cultour/EE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2012-02-20">20 februarie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2013-07-02">2 iulie 2013</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Siksali&rft.atitle=Turismul+cultural+%C3%AEn+Estonia+sudic%C4%83+%C8%99i+%C3%AEn+Comitatul+V%C3%B5ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siksali.ee%2Fcultour%2FEE_SituationAnalysisSummary_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ALimba+eston%C4%83" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portaal.eki.ee/component/content/article/34-murded/46-murded.html">„Dialectele Estone, Institutul Limbii Estone”</a>. Portaal.eki.ee<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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