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</div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William Rankine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 58 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8A%E1%88%8A%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%86%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AA%E1%8A%95" title="ዊሊያም ጆን ራንኪን - amarico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዊሊያም ጆን ራንኪን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amarico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="وليم رانكين - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليم رانكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="وليم رانكين - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليم رانكين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilyam_Rankine" title="Vilyam Rankine - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vilyam Rankine" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ویلیام جان مک‌کورن رانکین - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام جان مک‌کورن رانکین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Уільям Джон Ранкін - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Джон Ранкін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Уилям Ранкин - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Ранкин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8D%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="উইলিয়াম জন র‍্যাংকিন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম জন র‍্যাংকিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A1%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Ουίλιαμ Ράνκιν - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουίλιαμ Ράνκιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ویلیام جان مک‌کورن رانکین - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام جان مک‌کورن رانکین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="ויליאם ג'ון מקורן רנקין - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם ג'ון מקורן רנקין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Ուիլյամ Ռենկին - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Ռենկին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3" title="ウィリアム・ランキン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・ランキン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A7%A4%ED%80%80_%EB%9E%AD%ED%82%A8" title="윌리엄 존 매퀀 랭킨 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 존 매퀀 랭킨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Ioannes_Macquorn_Rankine" title="Gulielmus Ioannes Macquorn Rankine - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Ioannes Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="विलियम जोन म्याक्युर्न रेङ्किन - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विलियम जोन म्याक्युर्न रेङ्किन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rankine" title="William Rankine - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Rankine" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ренкин, Уильям Джон - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ренкин, Уильям Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Вільям Джон Ранкін - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Джон Ранкін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" title="William John Macquorn Rankine - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="William John Macquorn Rankine" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ რენკინი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg/220px-PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg/330px-PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg/440px-PSM_V12_D140_W_J_Macquorn_Rankine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1368" /></a><figcaption>William Rankine</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William John Macquorn Rankine</b> (<a href="/wiki/Edimburgo" title="Edimburgo">Edimburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/5_luglio" title="5 luglio">5 luglio</a> <a href="/wiki/1820" title="1820">1820</a> – <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, <a href="/wiki/24_dicembre" title="24 dicembre">24 dicembre</a> <a href="/wiki/1872" title="1872">1872</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Ingegnere" title="Ingegnere">ingegnere</a> e <a href="/wiki/Fisico" title="Fisico">fisico</a> <a href="/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia">scozzese</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contribuì a dare orientamento moderno alla <a href="/wiki/Scienza_delle_costruzioni" title="Scienza delle costruzioni">Scienza delle costruzioni</a> e all'<a href="/wiki/Ingegneria_meccanica" title="Ingegneria meccanica">ingegneria meccanica</a>, sistemando su basi razionali le molte nozioni e norme di progetto evolutesi con la pratica. Notevoli sono i suoi studi sulla resistenza dei materiali specialmente per quel che concerne le sollecitazioni a fatica nel campo ferroviario, ma la sua fama è principalmente legata agli studi sulla <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Particolare importanza riveste la sua teoria del "masso illimitato", fondamentale per la costruzione di <a href="/wiki/Muro_di_sostegno" title="Muro di sostegno">muri di sostegno</a>, e così pure le sue indagini sulle cause di <a href="/wiki/Rottura" class="mw-redirect" title="Rottura">rottura</a> dei <a href="/wiki/Materiali" class="mw-redirect" title="Materiali">materiali</a> da <a href="/wiki/Costruzione" title="Costruzione">costruzione</a> dove il suo nome è legato al <a href="/wiki/Criterio_di_Rankine" title="Criterio di Rankine">criterio di Rankine</a>. In tal campo è anche ricordato per il <i>metodo o formula di Rankine</i>, per la determinazione del carico di sicurezza di un solido snello sollecitato a pressoflessione. </p><p>Dopo il 1840 si dedicò allo studio delle leggi della <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a> compiendo importanti studi sui <a href="/wiki/Macchina_a_vapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Macchina a vapore">motori a vapore</a>. Nel <i>Manual of the Steam Engine</i> (1859; Manuale della macchina a vapore) sviluppò analiticamente il complesso di trasformazioni del vapore nelle macchine termiche, stabilendone il ciclo termodinamico caratteristico detto, appunto <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_di_Rankine" title="Ciclo di Rankine">ciclo di Rankine</a>. A suo nome è dedicato anche il <a href="/wiki/Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankine">grado Rankine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A0_di_misura" title="Unità di misura">unità di misura</a> della <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a>. </p><p>In ambito <a href="/wiki/Fluidodinamica" title="Fluidodinamica">fluidodinamico</a>, studiò la modellizzazione dei <a href="/wiki/Vortice" title="Vortice">vortici</a>. In tale campo è anche ricordato con l'<a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_Rankine-Hugoniot" title="Equazione di Rankine-Hugoniot">equazione di Rankine-Hugoniot</a>, relativa al modello di un'<a href="/wiki/Onda_d%27urto_(fluidodinamica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Onda d'urto (fluidodinamica)">onda d'urto</a> <a href="/wiki/Perpendicolare" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpendicolare">ortogonale</a> a un <a href="/wiki/Flusso" title="Flusso">flusso</a> in entrata. Convinto sostenitore dell'<a href="/wiki/Energetica_(ingegneria)" title="Energetica (ingegneria)">energetica</a>, svolse un ruolo assai importante nei dibattiti teorici della <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> della seconda metà dell'Ottocento, dove propose di assumere i principi della termodinamica come schema teorico generale per comprendere i fenomeni fisici. </p><p>A lui è dedicato anche un <a href="/wiki/Crateri_lunari_(R-S)" title="Crateri lunari (R-S)">cratere lunare</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teorie">Teorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Teorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Teorie"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Teoria del masso illimitato:</b></i> essa riguarda i materiali omogenei e privi di coesione, quali la <a href="/wiki/Ghiaia" title="Ghiaia">ghiaia</a> finissima o meglio ancora la sabbia asciutta. La spinta esercitata su di una parete verticale (immaginaria) di un prisma elementare viene a essere compresa (pena lo scorrimento del prisma e quindi la frana del terreno) entro due valori (uno minimo l'altro massimo) corrispondenti alle possibilità di scorrimento verso il basso e verso l'alto (terreno inclinato rispetto all'orizzontale). </p><p><i><b>Formula di Rankine per il carico di punta:</b></i> è valida per aste sottili caricate di punta, ad esempio pilastri molto snelli e sopportanti un notevole carico. Il carico critico, compatibile con l'equilibrio della struttura è <b>P = KA/(1 + cJ2)</b>, in cui <i>K</i> è il carico di sicurezza, <i>A</i> l'area della sezione, <i>J</i> il coefficiente di snellezza, <i>c</i> un coefficiente sperimentale. </p><p>Il <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ciclo_di_Rankine" title="Ciclo di Rankine">ciclo di Rankine</a></b></i> è uno dei migliori cicli realizzati per macchine a vapore, costituito da una compressione adiabatica ottenuta mediante una pompa per portare il liquido alla stessa pressione della caldaia, da un riscaldamento sino al punto d'ebollizione (in caldaia), da un'evaporazione (isobara e isotermica) da un'espansione adiabatica (in cui viene compiuto il lavoro utile) e infine da una condensazione. </p><p>Per migliorarne il rendimento il <i>ciclo di Rankine</i> è stato modificato da Hirn come <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_di_Rankine_a_vapore_surriscaldato" title="Ciclo di Rankine a vapore surriscaldato">ciclo di Rankine a vapore surriscaldato</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Grande Enciclopedia Universale Internazionale, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G.E.U.I.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.E.U.I. (la pagina non esiste)">G.E.U.I.</a>, 1973. Tutti i diritti riservati</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFDizionario_Letterario_Bompiani" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Mario Gliozzi, <span style="font-style:italic;">Rankine, William John Macquorn</span>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Dizionario Letterario Bompiani. Autori</span>, III, Milano, Valentino Bompiani editore, 1957, p. 282, <a href="/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" title="Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opac.sbn.it/bid/PAL0199718">IT\ICCU\PAL\0199718</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rankine">Rankine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:William John Macquorn Rankine">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:William John Macquorn Rankine">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Rankine" class="extiw" title="q:William Rankine">Wikiquote</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:William John Macquorn Rankine"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina in lingua inglese dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Author:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="extiw" title="s:en:Author:William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiquote"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/18px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/36px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="q:">Wikiquote</a> contiene citazioni di o su <b><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/William_Rankine" class="extiw" title="q:William Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:William_John_Macquorn_Rankine?uselang=it">William John Macquorn Rankine</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rankine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/william-john-macquorn-rankine"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rankine, William John Macquorn</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEnciclopedia_Italiana" class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gino Buro, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/william-john-macquorn-rankine_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><span style="font-style:italic;">RANKINE, William John Macquorn</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Enciclopedia Italiana</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>, 1935.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P4223" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Rankine,+William+John+Macquorn.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Rankine, William John Macquorn</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-John-Macquorn-Rankine"><span style="font-style:italic;">William John Macquorn Rankine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMacTutor" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Rankine/"><span style="font-style:italic;">William Rankine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/MacTutor" title="MacTutor">MacTutor</a></span>, University of St Andrews, Scotland.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P1563" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL113040A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di William Rankine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLibriVox" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/11646"><span style="font-style:italic;">Audiolibri di William Rankine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P1899" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFISFDB" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?22801"><span style="font-style:italic;">Bibliografia di William Rankine</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></span>, Al von Ruff.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232149#P1233" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rstl.1857.0003">"On the stability of loose earth", Phil. Trans. Royal Society of London, 1856</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64107906">64107906</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000081434273">0000 0000 8143 4273</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Consortium_of_European_Research_Libraries" title="Consortium of European Research Libraries">CERL</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp01346473">cnp01346473</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n87807314">n87807314</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124302882">124302882</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12487987v">cb12487987v</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12487987v">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007272241705171">987007272241705171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00770063">00770063</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fisica"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_katomic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Fisica" title="Portale:Fisica">Portale Fisica</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingegneria"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/23px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/36px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg/47px-Crystal_kcontrol_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="93" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Ingegneria" title="Portale:Ingegneria">Portale Ingegneria</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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