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href="#Événements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Événements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Événements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Événements</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Événements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Afrique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Afrique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afrique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amérique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amérique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Amérique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amérique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asie_et_Proche-Orient" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asie_et_Proche-Orient"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Asie et Proche-Orient</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asie_et_Proche-Orient-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Empire_russe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Empire_russe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Empire russe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Empire_russe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prix_Nobel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prix_Nobel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Prix Nobel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prix_Nobel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fondations_en_1903" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondations_en_1903"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fondations en 1903</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondations_en_1903-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naissances_en_1903" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naissances_en_1903"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Naissances en 1903</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naissances_en_1903-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Décès_en_1903" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Décès_en_1903"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Décès en 1903</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Décès_en_1903-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Bibliographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table des matières" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1903</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 202 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1903 እ.ኤ.አ. – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1903 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B3_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۰۳ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۰۳ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1903 йыл – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1903 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A9" title="১৯০৩ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯০৩" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A9" title="মারি ১৯০৩ – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯০৩" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903." title="1903. – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1903." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1903 он – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="1903 он" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1903 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1903 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1903 шо – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1903 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A0%D9%A3" title="١٩٠٣ – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٠٣" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B3" title="۱۹۰۳ – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۰۳" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – frioulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – gagaouze" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaouze" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4" title="1903年 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1903年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1903-ngièn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1903-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="१९०३ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९०३" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903." title="1903. – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1903." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1903 (almanak gregoryen) – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1903 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1903 թուական – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1903 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1903 шу – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1903 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4" title="1903年 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1903年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903moi" title="1903moi – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1903moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1903 жыл – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1903 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A6%E0%B3%A9" title="೧೯೦೩ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೦೩" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%EB%85%84" title="1903년 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1903년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1903 джыл – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1903 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1903" title="Joohr 1903 – kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1903" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1903-ӧд во – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1903-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1903 йис – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1903 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_m." title="1903 m. – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1903 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903._gads" title="1903. gads – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1903. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="१९०३ – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९०३" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1903 он – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1903 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="इ.स. १९०३ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९०३" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B8" title="1903 и – mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1903 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%80%E1%81%83" title="၁၉၀၃ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၀၃" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1903 ие – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1903 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B0%DB%B3" title="۱۹۰۳ – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۰۳" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – bas-saxon néerlandais" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="bas-saxon néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="ई सं १९०३ – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९०३" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A6%E0%AD%A9" title="୧୯୦୩ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୦୩" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1903-æм аз – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1903-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="१९०३ – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९०३" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1903 год – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1903 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9" title="१९०३ – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१९०३" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%D8%B9" title="1903ع – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1903ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903." title="1903. – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1903." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1903" title="Соли 1903 – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1903" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2446" title="พ.ศ. 2446 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2446" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1903 ел – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1903 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – tahitien" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1903 ар – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1903 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1903 - يىلى – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1903 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%D8%A1" title="1903ء – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1903ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4" title="1903年 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1903年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="1903 җил – kalmouk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="1903 җил" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmouk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_nienz" title="1903 nienz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1903 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903" title="1903 – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1903" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4" title="1903年 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1903年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E3%80%87%E4%B8%89%E5%B9%B4" title="一九〇三年 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九〇三年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_n%C3%AE" title="1903 nî – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1903 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903%E5%B9%B4" title="1903年 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1903年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Cette page concerne l'année <b>1903</b> (MCMIII en chiffres romains) du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">calendrier grégorien</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1903</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a> <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870" title="Années 1870">1870</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880" title="Années 1880">1880</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Années 1890">1890</a> <b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Années 1900">1900</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910" title="Années 1910">1910</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1920" title="Années 1920">1920</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1930" title="Années 1930">1930</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XXIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIIe siècle">XXII<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_par_zone_g%C3%A9ographique" title="Liste des chronologies par zone géographique">Chronologies géographiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r223867407">.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);border:1px var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-style:solid;margin-bottom:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output div.NavFrame div.NavHead{min-height:1.6em;font-weight:bold;background-color:#efefef;color:var(--color-emphasized,#000);text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Afrique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Afrique (page inexistante)">Afrique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Afrique_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Afrique du Sud (page inexistante)">Afrique du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Alg%C3%A9rie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Algérie (page inexistante)">Algérie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Angola (page inexistante)">Angola</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_B%C3%A9nin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Bénin (page inexistante)">Bénin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Botswana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Botswana (page inexistante)">Botswana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Burkina_Faso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Burkina Faso (page inexistante)">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Burundi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Burundi (page inexistante)">Burundi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Cameroun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Cameroun (page inexistante)">Cameroun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Cap-Vert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Cap-Vert (page inexistante)">Cap-Vert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_R%C3%A9publique_centrafricaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en République centrafricaine (page inexistante)">République centrafricaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Comores&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Comores (page inexistante)">Comores</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_R%C3%A9publique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en République du Congo (page inexistante)">République du Congo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en République démocratique du Congo (page inexistante)">République démocratique du Congo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Côte d'Ivoire (page inexistante)">Côte d'Ivoire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Djibouti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Djibouti (page inexistante)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%89gypte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Égypte (page inexistante)">Égypte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%89rythr%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Érythrée (page inexistante)">Érythrée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%89thiopie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Éthiopie (page inexistante)">Éthiopie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Gabon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Gabon (page inexistante)">Gabon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Gambie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Gambie (page inexistante)">Gambie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Ghana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Ghana (page inexistante)">Ghana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Guinée (page inexistante)">Guinée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Guin%C3%A9e-Bissau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Guinée-Bissau (page inexistante)">Guinée-Bissau</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Guin%C3%A9e_%C3%A9quatoriale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Guinée équatoriale (page inexistante)">Guinée équatoriale</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kenya (page inexistante)">Kenya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Lesotho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Lesotho (page inexistante)">Lesotho</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Liberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Liberia (page inexistante)">Liberia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Libye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Libye (page inexistante)">Libye</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Madagascar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Madagascar (page inexistante)">Madagascar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Malawi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Malawi (page inexistante)">Malawi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Mali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Mali (page inexistante)">Mali</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Mauritanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Mauritanie (page inexistante)">Mauritanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Maurice_(pays)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Maurice (pays) (page inexistante)">Maurice</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Maroc" title="1903 au Maroc">Maroc</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Mozambique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Mozambique (page inexistante)">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Namibie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Namibie (page inexistante)">Namibie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Niger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Niger (page inexistante)">Niger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Nigeria (page inexistante)">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Ouganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Ouganda (page inexistante)">Ouganda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Rwanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Rwanda (page inexistante)">Rwanda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Sahara_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Sahara occidental (page inexistante)">Sahara occidental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Sao_Tom%C3%A9-et-Principe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Sao Tomé-et-Principe (page inexistante)">Sao Tomé-et-Principe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Sénégal (page inexistante)">Sénégal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Seychelles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Seychelles (page inexistante)">Seychelles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Sierra_Leone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Sierra Leone (page inexistante)">Sierra Leone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Somalie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Somalie (page inexistante)">Somalie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Soudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Soudan (page inexistante)">Soudan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Soudan_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Soudan du Sud (page inexistante)">Soudan du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Swaziland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Swaziland (page inexistante)">Swaziland</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Tanzanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Tanzanie (page inexistante)">Tanzanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Tchad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Tchad (page inexistante)">Tchad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Togo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Togo (page inexistante)">Togo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Tunisie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Tunisie (page inexistante)">Tunisie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Zambie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Zambie (page inexistante)">Zambie</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Zimbabwe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Zimbabwe (page inexistante)">Zimbabwe</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_par_pays_en_Am%C3%A9rique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 par pays en Amérique (page inexistante)">Amérique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Antigua-et-Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Antigua-et-Barbuda (page inexistante)">Antigua-et-Barbuda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Argentine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Argentine (page inexistante)">Argentine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Bahamas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Bahamas (page inexistante)">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_la_Barbade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à la Barbade (page inexistante)">Barbade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Belize (page inexistante)">Belize</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Bolivie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Bolivie (page inexistante)">Bolivie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Br%C3%A9sil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Brésil (page inexistante)">Brésil</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Canada" title="1903 au Canada">Canada</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1903_en_Colombie-Britannique" title="1903 en Colombie-Britannique">Colombie-Britannique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Manitoba" title="1903 au Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Nouvelle-%C3%89cosse" title="1903 en Nouvelle-Écosse">Nouvelle-Écosse</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Nouveau-Brunswick" title="1903 au Nouveau-Brunswick">Nouveau-Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Ontario" title="1903 en Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="1903 au Québec">Québec</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_aux_Territoires_du_Nord-Ouest" title="1903 aux Territoires du Nord-Ouest">Territoires du Nord-Ouest</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_au_Yukon" title="1903 au Yukon">Yukon</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Chili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Chili (page inexistante)">Chili</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Colombie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Colombie (page inexistante)">Colombie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Costa Rica (page inexistante)">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Cuba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Cuba (page inexistante)">Cuba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en République dominicaine (page inexistante)">République dominicaine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_la_Dominique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à la Dominique (page inexistante)">Dominique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%89quateur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Équateur (page inexistante)">Équateur</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="1903 aux États-Unis">États-Unis</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_la_Grenade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à la Grenade (page inexistante)">Grenade</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Guatemala (page inexistante)">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Guyana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Guyana (page inexistante)">Guyana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Ha%C3%AFti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Haïti (page inexistante)">Haïti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Honduras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Honduras (page inexistante)">Honduras</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Jama%C3%AFque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Jamaïque (page inexistante)">Jamaïque</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Mexique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Mexique (page inexistante)">Mexique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Nicaragua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Nicaragua (page inexistante)">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Panama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Panama (page inexistante)">Panama</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Paraguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Paraguay (page inexistante)">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_P%C3%A9rou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Pérou (page inexistante)">Pérou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Saint-Christophe-et-Ni%C3%A9v%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès (page inexistante)">Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines (page inexistante)">Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Sainte-Lucie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Sainte-Lucie (page inexistante)">Sainte-Lucie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Salvador (page inexistante)">Salvador</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Suriname&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Suriname (page inexistante)">Suriname</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Trinit%C3%A9-et-Tobago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Trinité-et-Tobago (page inexistante)">Trinité-et-Tobago</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Uruguay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Uruguay (page inexistante)">Uruguay</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Venezuela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Venezuela (page inexistante)">Venezuela</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_par_pays_en_Asie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 par pays en Asie (page inexistante)">Asie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Afghanistan (page inexistante)">Afghanistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Arabie_saoudite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Arabie saoudite (page inexistante)">Arabie saoudite</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Bahre%C3%AFn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Bahreïn (page inexistante)">Bahreïn</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Bangladesh (page inexistante)">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Bhoutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Bhoutan (page inexistante)">Bhoutan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Birmanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Birmanie (page inexistante)">Birmanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Brunei (page inexistante)">Brunei</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Cambodge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Cambodge (page inexistante)">Cambodge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Chine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Chine (page inexistante)">Chine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Corée du Nord (page inexistante)">Corée du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Sud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Corée du Sud (page inexistante)">Corée du Sud</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_%C3%89mirats_arabes_unis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Émirats arabes unis (page inexistante)">Émirats arabes unis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Inde" title="1903 en Inde">Inde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Irak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Irak (page inexistante)">Irak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Iran (page inexistante)">Iran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Isra%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Israël (page inexistante)">Israël</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Japon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Japon (page inexistante)">Japon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Jordanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Jordanie (page inexistante)">Jordanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kirghizistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kirghizistan (page inexistante)">Kirghizistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kurdistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kurdistan (page inexistante)">Kurdistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kowe%C3%AFt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Koweït (page inexistante)">Koweït</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Laos (page inexistante)">Laos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Liban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Liban (page inexistante)">Liban</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Malaisie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Malaisie (page inexistante)">Malaisie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Maldives (page inexistante)">Maldives</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Mongolie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Mongolie (page inexistante)">Mongolie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_N%C3%A9pal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Népal (page inexistante)">Népal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Oman (page inexistante)">Oman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Ouzb%C3%A9kistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Ouzbékistan (page inexistante)">Ouzbékistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Pakistan (page inexistante)">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Palestine (page inexistante)">Palestine</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Philippines (page inexistante)">Philippines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_par_pays_au_Proche-Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 par pays au Proche-Orient (page inexistante)">Proche-Orient</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Qatar (page inexistante)">Qatar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Singapour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Singapour (page inexistante)">Singapour</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Sri Lanka (page inexistante)">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Syrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Syrie (page inexistante)">Syrie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Tadjikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Tadjikistan (page inexistante)">Tadjikistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Ta%C3%AFwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Taïwan (page inexistante)">Taïwan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Tha%C3%AFlande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Thaïlande (page inexistante)">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Turkm%C3%A9nistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Turkménistan (page inexistante)">Turkménistan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Vi%C3%AAt_Nam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Viêt Nam (page inexistante)">Viêt Nam</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Y%C3%A9men&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Yémen (page inexistante)">Yémen</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Europe (page inexistante)">Europe</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Abkhazie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Abkhazie (page inexistante)">Abkhazie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Allemagne" title="1903 en Allemagne">Allemagne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Albanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Albanie (page inexistante)">Albanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Andorre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Andorre (page inexistante)">Andorre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Arm%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Arménie (page inexistante)">Arménie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Autriche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Autriche (page inexistante)">Autriche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Azerba%C3%AFdjan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Azerbaïdjan (page inexistante)">Azerbaïdjan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Belgique" title="1903 en Belgique">Belgique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Bi%C3%A9lorussie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Biélorussie (page inexistante)">Biélorussie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Bosnie-Herz%C3%A9govine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Bosnie-Herzégovine (page inexistante)">Bosnie-Herzégovine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Bulgarie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Bulgarie (page inexistante)">Bulgarie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_Caucase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le Caucase (page inexistante)">Caucase</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Chypre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Chypre (page inexistante)">Chypre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Croatie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Croatie (page inexistante)">Croatie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Danemark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Danemark (page inexistante)">Danemark</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Espagne" title="1903 en Espagne">Espagne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Estonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Estonie (page inexistante)">Estonie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Finlande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Finlande (page inexistante)">Finlande</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_France" title="1903 en France">France</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1903_en_Bretagne" title="1903 en Bretagne">Bretagne</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Lorraine" title="1903 en Lorraine">Lorraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_%C3%A0_Paris" title="1903 à Paris">Paris</a> et )</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_G%C3%A9orgie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Géorgie (page inexistante)">Géorgie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Gr%C3%A8ce" title="1903 en Grèce">Grèce</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Hongrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Hongrie (page inexistante)">Hongrie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Irlande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Irlande (page inexistante)">Irlande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Islande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Islande (page inexistante)">Islande</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Italie" title="1903 en Italie">Italie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kazakhstan (page inexistante)">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Kosovo (page inexistante)">Kosovo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Lettonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Lettonie (page inexistante)">Lettonie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Liechtenstein (page inexistante)">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Lituanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Lituanie (page inexistante)">Lituanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Luxembourg (page inexistante)">Luxembourg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Mac%C3%A9doine_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Macédoine du Nord (page inexistante)">Macédoine du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Malte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Malte (page inexistante)">Malte</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Moldavie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Moldavie (page inexistante)">Moldavie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Monaco (page inexistante)">Monaco</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Mont%C3%A9n%C3%A9gro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Monténégro (page inexistante)">Monténégro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Norv%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Norvège (page inexistante)">Norvège</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Oss%C3%A9tie_du_Sud-Alanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Ossétie du Sud-Alanie (page inexistante)">Ossétie du Sud-Alanie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_aux_Pays-Bas" title="1903 aux Pays-Bas">Pays-Bas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Pologne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Pologne (page inexistante)">Pologne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Portugal (page inexistante)">Portugal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Roumanie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Roumanie (page inexistante)">Roumanie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Royaume-Uni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Royaume-Uni (page inexistante)">Royaume-Uni</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Russie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Russie (page inexistante)">Russie</a><small> ()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Saint-Marin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Saint-Marin (page inexistante)">Saint-Marin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Serbie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Serbie (page inexistante)">Serbie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Slovaquie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Slovaquie (page inexistante)">Slovaquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Slov%C3%A9nie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Slovénie (page inexistante)">Slovénie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Su%C3%A8de&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Suède (page inexistante)">Suède</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_Suisse" title="1903 en Suisse">Suisse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Tch%C3%A9quie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Tchéquie (page inexistante)">Tchéquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Turquie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Turquie (page inexistante)">Turquie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Ukraine (page inexistante)">Ukraine</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Vatican&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Vatican (page inexistante)">Vatican</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_par_pays_en_Oc%C3%A9anie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 par pays en Océanie (page inexistante)">Océanie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1903_en_Australie" title="1903 en Australie">Australie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_%C3%8Eles_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Îles Cook (page inexistante)">Îles Cook</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_%C3%89tats_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9s_de_Micron%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux États fédérés de Micronésie (page inexistante)">États fédérés de Micronésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Fidji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Fidji (page inexistante)">Fidji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Indon%C3%A9sie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Indonésie (page inexistante)">Indonésie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_%C3%8Eles_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Îles Marshall (page inexistante)">Îles Marshall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Nauru (page inexistante)">Nauru</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_%C3%A0_Niue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 à Niue (page inexistante)">Niue</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Nouvelle-Zélande (page inexistante)">Nouvelle-Zélande</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Palaos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Palaos (page inexistante)">Palaos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guin%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée (page inexistante)">Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Kiribati (page inexistante)">Kiribati</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_%C3%8Eles_Salomon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Îles Salomon (page inexistante)">Îles Salomon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Samoa (page inexistante)">Samoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Samoa_am%C3%A9ricaines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Samoa américaines (page inexistante)">Samoa américaines</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Timor_oriental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Timor oriental (page inexistante)">Timor oriental</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Tonga (page inexistante)">Tonga</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_aux_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 aux Tuvalu (page inexistante)">Tuvalu</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_au_Vanuatu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 au Vanuatu (page inexistante)">Vanuatu</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_les_mers_et_oc%C3%A9ans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans les mers et océans (page inexistante)">Mers et océans</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_la_Manche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans la Manche (page inexistante)">Manche</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_Baltique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer Baltique (page inexistante)">Mer Baltique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_des_Cara%C3%AFbes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer des Caraïbes (page inexistante)">Mer des Caraïbes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_Caspienne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer Caspienne (page inexistante)">Mer Caspienne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer Méditerranée (page inexistante)">Mer Méditerranée</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_du_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer du Nord (page inexistante)">Mer du Nord</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_Noire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer Noire (page inexistante)">Mer Noire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_mer_Rouge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en mer Rouge (page inexistante)">Mer Rouge</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Arctique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'océan Arctique (page inexistante)">Océan Arctique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Atlantique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'océan Atlantique (page inexistante)">Océan Atlantique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Austral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'océan Austral (page inexistante)">Océan Austral</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Indien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'océan Indien (page inexistante)">Océan Indien</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27oc%C3%A9an_Pacifique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'océan Pacifique (page inexistante)">Océan Pacifique</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_Antarctique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en Antarctique (page inexistante)">Antarctique</a></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;"><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chronologies_th%C3%A9matiques" title="Liste des chronologies thématiques">Chronologies thématiques</a></caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en art (page inexistante)">Art</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1903_en_architecture" title="1903 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_arts_plastiques" title="1903 en arts plastiques">Arts plastiques</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_dessin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en dessin (page inexistante)">Dessin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_gravure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en gravure (page inexistante)">Gravure</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_lithographie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en lithographie (page inexistante)">Lithographie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_peinture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en peinture (page inexistante)">Peinture</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_sculpture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en sculpture (page inexistante)">Sculpture</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="1903 en bande dessinée">Bande dessinée</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_au_cin%C3%A9ma" title="1903 au cinéma">Cinéma</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_danse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en danse (page inexistante)">Danse</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_aux_%C3%A9checs" title="1903 aux échecs">Échecs</a>, Genres <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_fantasy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en fantasy (page inexistante)">Fantasy</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_en_science-fiction" title="1903 en science-fiction">Science-fiction</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_litt%C3%A9rature" title="1903 en littérature">Littérature</a> <small>()</small>, Musique <small>(<a href="/wiki/1903_en_musique" title="1903 en musique">Populaire</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_en_musique_classique" title="1903 en musique classique">Classique</a>)</small>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_photographie" title="1903 en photographie">Photographie</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_au_th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="1903 au théâtre">Théâtre</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_ing%C3%A9nierie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en ingénierie (page inexistante)">Ingénierie</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1903_en_a%C3%A9ronautique" title="1903 en aéronautique">Aéronautique</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_architecture" title="1903 en architecture">Architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_dans_les_chemins_de_fer" title="1903 dans les chemins de fer">Chemins de fer</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_accidents_ferroviaires_en_France_en_1903" title="Liste des accidents ferroviaires en France en 1903">Accidents ferroviaires en France</a>)</small>, <small>()</small> et <a href="/wiki/1903_dans_les_parcs_de_loisirs" title="1903 dans les parcs de loisirs">Parcs de loisirs</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_politique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en politique (page inexistante)">Politique</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/wiki/1903_en_droit" title="1903 en droit">Droit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liste_d%27%C3%A9lections_en_1903" title="Liste d'élections en 1903">Élections</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_la_fonction_publique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans la fonction publique (page inexistante)">Fonction publique</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_la_police&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans la police (page inexistante)">Police</a>)</small> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en religion (page inexistante)">Religion</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_bouddhisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le bouddhisme (page inexistante)">Bouddhisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_christianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le christianisme (page inexistante)">Christianisme</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1903_dans_le_catholicisme" title="1903 dans le catholicisme">Catholicisme</a>, et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_protestantisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le protestantisme (page inexistante)">Protestantisme</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27hindouisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'hindouisme (page inexistante)">Hindouisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_l%27islam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans l'islam (page inexistante)">Islam</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_dans_le_juda%C3%AFsme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 dans le judaïsme (page inexistante)">Judaïsme</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/wiki/1903_en_science" title="1903 en science">Science</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_arch%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en archéologie (page inexistante)">Archéologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_astronomie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en astronomie (page inexistante)">Astronomie</a> <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_biologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en biologie (page inexistante)">Biologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_chimie" title="1903 en chimie">Chimie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_climatologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en climatologie (page inexistante)">Climatologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%A9conomie_(discipline)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en économie (discipline) (page inexistante)">Économie (discipline)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_exploration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en exploration (page inexistante)">Exploration</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_g%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en géologie (page inexistante)">Géologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_histoire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en histoire (page inexistante)">Histoire</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_linguistique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en linguistique (page inexistante)">Linguistique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_math%C3%A9matiques" title="1903 en mathématiques">Mathématiques</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_numismatique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en numismatique (page inexistante)">Numismatique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_pal%C3%A9ontologie" class="mw-redirect" title="1903 en paléontologie">Paléontologie</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_physique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en physique (page inexistante)">Physique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_psychologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en psychologie (page inexistante)">Psychologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_sant%C3%A9_et_m%C3%A9decine" title="1903 en santé et médecine">Santé et médecine</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_en_sociologie" class="mw-redirect" title="1903 en sociologie">Sociologie</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r223867407" /><div class="NavFrame" style="border-color:#FFFFFF;border:none;; background-color:#FFFFFF;background:none !important;margin:0;;" title="[afficher]/[masquer]"> <div class="NavHead" style="min-height:2.5em;"><a href="/wiki/1903_en_sport" title="1903 en sport">Sport</a></div> <div class="NavContent" style="background-color:none !important;background:none !important;;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_athl%C3%A9tisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en athlétisme (page inexistante)">Athlétisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_aviron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en aviron (page inexistante)">Aviron</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_baseball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en baseball (page inexistante)">Baseball</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_basket-ball&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en basket-ball (page inexistante)">Basket-ball</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_catch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en catch (page inexistante)">Catch</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_combin%C3%A9_nordique" title="1903 en combiné nordique">Combiné nordique</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_cyclisme" title="1903 en cyclisme">Cyclisme</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_escrime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en escrime (page inexistante)">Escrime</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_football" title="1903 en football">Football</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_football_am%C3%A9ricain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en football américain (page inexistante)">Américain</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_golf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en golf (page inexistante)">Golf</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_gymnastique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en gymnastique (page inexistante)">Gymnastique</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_halt%C3%A9rophilie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en haltérophilie (page inexistante)">Haltérophilie</a>, Hockey <small>(<a href="/wiki/1903_en_hockey_sur_glace" title="1903 en hockey sur glace">Sur glace</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_natation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en natation (page inexistante)">Natation</a>, <small>()</small>, Rugby <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en rugby à XIII (page inexistante)">À XIII</a> et <a href="/wiki/1903_en_rugby_%C3%A0_XV" title="1903 en rugby à XV">À XV</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en ski (page inexistante)">Ski</a>, <a href="/wiki/1903_en_sport_automobile" title="1903 en sport automobile">Sport automobile</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_sports_%C3%A9questres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en sports équestres (page inexistante)">Sports équestres</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_sport_hippique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en sport hippique (page inexistante)">Sport hippique</a>, <small>()</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_tennis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en tennis (page inexistante)">Tennis</a> <small>()</small>, Tir <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_tir_%C3%A0_l%27arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en tir à l'arc (page inexistante)">À l'arc</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_tir_sportif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en tir sportif (page inexistante)">Sportif</a>)</small>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_voile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en voile (page inexistante)">Voile</a>, <small>()</small> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_water-polo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en water-polo (page inexistante)">Water-polo</a> </p> </div> <div class="NavEnd"> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1903" title="Décès en 1903">Décès</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_%C3%A9conomie_(activit%C3%A9_humaine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en économie (activité humaine) (page inexistante)">Économie (activité humaine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903_en_journalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1903 en journalisme (page inexistante)">Journalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1903" title="Naissance en 1903">Naissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_en_philosophie" title="1903 en philosophie">Philosophie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorisme_avant_1946" title="Terrorisme avant 1946">Terrorisme</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>L'année <b>1903</b> est une <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune" title="Année commune">année commune</a> qui <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_commune_commen%C3%A7ant_un_jeudi" title="Année commune commençant un jeudi">commence un jeudi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_bref">En bref</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : En bref" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : En bref"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19_avril" title="19 avril">19</a> - <a href="/wiki/21_avril" title="21 avril">21 avril</a> : <a href="/wiki/Pogroms_de_Kichinev" title="Pogroms de Kichinev">pogrom de Kichinev</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_d%27Ilinden-Pr%C3%A9obraj%C3%A9ni%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection d'Ilinden-Préobrajénié">insurrection d’Ilinden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_novembre" title="3 novembre">3 novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance_du_Panama" title="Indépendance du Panama">indépendance du Panama</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_d%C3%A9cembre" title="12 décembre">12 décembre</a> : début de l’<a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_militaire_britannique_au_Tibet_(1903-1904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition militaire britannique au Tibet (1903-1904)">expédition militaire britannique au Tibet</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afrique">Afrique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Afrique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Afrique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23_janvier" title="23 janvier">23 janvier</a> : l’<a href="/wiki/Amenokal" title="Amenokal">aménokal</a> Fihroun, chef des <a href="/wiki/Touareg" class="mw-redirect" title="Touareg">Touaregs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ouelleminden" title="Ouelleminden">Oulliminden</a> depuis <a href="/wiki/Octobre_1902" title="Octobre 1902">octobre 1902</a>, fait sa reddition à <a href="/wiki/Gao_(Mali)" title="Gao (Mali)">Gao</a> au lieutenant-colonel <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dagnaux" title="Jean Dagnaux">Jean Dagnaux</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janvier_1903" title="Janvier 1903">Janvier</a> : une colonne britannique, venue de <a href="/wiki/Wau_(Soudan_du_Sud)" title="Wau (Soudan du Sud)">Wau</a>, entre sur le territoire des <a href="/wiki/Zand%C3%A9_(peuple)" title="Zandé (peuple)">Azande</a> (entre le <a href="/wiki/Soudan_anglo-%C3%A9gyptien" title="Soudan anglo-égyptien">Soudan anglo-égyptien</a> et l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_ind%C3%A9pendant_du_Congo" title="État indépendant du Congo">État indépendant du Congo</a>), à l'invitation de leur chef Yambio. Elle est attaquée par les Azande et doit se replier. Une deuxième colonne connait le même sort en <a href="/wiki/Janvier_1904" title="Janvier 1904">janvier 1904</a>. Attaqué par les Belges en <a href="/wiki/Janvier_1905" title="Janvier 1905">janvier 1905</a>, Yambio est vaincu et meurt le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1905-02-10" data-sort-value="1905-02-10">10 février 1905</time>. Son peuple continue la lutte jusqu’en <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_f%C3%A9vrier" title="3 février">3 février</a> : les Britanniques occupent sans difficultés <a href="/wiki/Kano_(Nigeria)" title="Kano (Nigeria)">Kano</a>, puis <a href="/wiki/Sokoto_(ville)" title="Sokoto (ville)">Sokoto</a> du <a href="/wiki/14_mars" title="14 mars">14</a> au <a href="/wiki/21_mars" title="21 mars">21 mars</a> (nord du <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>). Les <a href="/wiki/Haoussas" title="Haoussas">Haoussas</a> reconnaissent leur autorité<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_mars" title="29 mars">29 mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Combat_de_Ksar_el_Azoudj" title="Combat de Ksar el Azoudj">combat de Ksar el Azoudj</a> à la frontière du Maroc et de l'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Algérie française">Algérie</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_avril" title="23 avril">23 avril</a> : le ministre britannique des Colonies <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> propose à <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a>, président de l’<a href="/wiki/Organisation_sioniste_mondiale" title="Organisation sioniste mondiale">Organisation sioniste</a>, la création d’un territoire juif au <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Projet_Ouganda" title="Projet Ouganda">projet Ouganda</a>) ; la proposition est rejetée en 1905 par le <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_sioniste" title="Congrès sioniste">septième Congrès Sioniste</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_mai" title="20 mai">20 mai</a> : signature entre la Grande-Bretagne et la France de deux conventions de bail concernant les <a href="/wiki/Enclaves_de_Forcados_et_Badjibo" title="Enclaves de Forcados et Badjibo">Enclaves de Forcados et Badjibo</a>, sur le fleuve <a href="/wiki/Niger_(fleuve)" title="Niger (fleuve)">Niger</a>, dans l'actuel <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG/250px-Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG/330px-Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG/500px-Le_Petit_Parisien_Juin_1903.PNG 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Le bombardement deFiguig. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Parisien" title="Le Petit Parisien">Le Petit Parisien</a></i>, Juin 1903.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31_mai" title="31 mai">31 mai</a> : le gouverneur général de l'Algérie, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jonnart" title="Charles Jonnart">Jonnart</a> en tournée d'inspection dans le Sud-Oranais, est attaqué par les Marocains de Zenaga à l'entrée de l'oasis de <a href="/wiki/Figuig" title="Figuig">Figuig</a>. Les Français ripostent en bombardant le <a href="/wiki/Ksar_Zenaga" title="Ksar Zenaga">Ksar Zenaga</a> le <a href="/wiki/8_juin" title="8 juin">8 juin</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_juin" title="6 juin">6 juin</a> : traité de Kiganda. <a href="/wiki/Mwezi_IV" title="Mwezi IV">Mwezi IV Gisabo</a>, souverain du <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a> reconnait le protectorat allemand<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_juillet" title="14 juillet">14 juillet</a> : exécution d'un guide indigène à la dynamite à Fort Crampel, en <a href="/wiki/Oubangui-Chari" title="Oubangui-Chari">Oubangui-Chari</a> par Fernand Gaud et <a href="/wiki/Georges_Toqu%C3%A9" title="Georges Toqué">Georges Toqué</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Début de l'<a href="/wiki/Affaire_de_Fort_Crampel" title="Affaire de Fort Crampel">affaire Gaud-Toqué</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_ao%C3%BBt" title="17 août">17</a> - <a href="/wiki/20_ao%C3%BBt" title="20 août">20 août</a> : victoire française sur les nomades <a href="/wiki/Zayanes" title="Zayanes">zayanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Bataille_de_Taghit" title="Bataille de Taghit">qui assiègent le poste de Taghit</a> dans le Sud-oranais<sup id="cite_ref-Doury_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doury-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28_ao%C3%BBt" title="28 août">28 août</a> : <i><a href="/wiki/Hut_tax" title="Hut tax">Hut tax</a></i> : <i>East Africa Hut Tax Ordinance</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mise en place de la capitation (<i>poll-tax</i>) au <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_ao%C3%BBt" title="30 août">30 août</a> : reddition du brigand <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadungure_Mapondera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadungure Mapondera (page inexistante)">Kadungure Mapondera</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadungure_Mapondera" class="extiw" title="en:Kadungure Mapondera"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Kadungure Mapondera »">(en)</span></a> ; il est condamné à sept ans de prison et meurt en prison en 1904 des suites d'une grève de la faim<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Depuis les <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Années 1890">années 1890</a>, s’opposant à l’implantation des Européens, il sévit au <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> et <a href="/wiki/Rhod%C3%A9sie_du_Sud" title="Rhodésie du Sud">Rhodésie du Sud</a>, à la tête d’une troupe entraînée et armée, qui attaque l’armée coloniale, l’administration des impôts, les agents recruteurs et les compagnies commerciales. D’autres chefs de bandes sévissent à la même époque : Dambakushamba, Samakungu et Moave au Mozambique, Mundu et Orloog en <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasongo_Nyembo" title="Kasongo Nyembo">Kasongo Nyembo</a> et Kiamfu au <a href="/wiki/Congo_belge" title="Congo belge">Congo belge</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_septembre" title="2 septembre">2 septembre</a> : l'attaque d'un convoi de ravitaillement français par les berbères du Maroc à <a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27El-Moungar" title="Bataille d'El-Moungar">El-Moungar</a> dans le Sud-oranais fait 36 morts et 47 blessés<sup id="cite_ref-Doury_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doury-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_octobre" title="1er octobre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre</a> - <a href="/wiki/25_novembre" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a> : expédition du lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Georges_Guillo_Lohan" title="Georges Guillo Lohan">Guillo-Lohan</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Hoggar" title="Hoggar">Hoggar</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_novembre" title="3 novembre">3 novembre</a> : soumission de <a href="/wiki/Liste_des_chefs_touaregs_de_l%27Adrar_des_Ifoghas" title="Liste des chefs touaregs de l'Adrar des Ifoghas">Illi</a>, chef des <a href="/wiki/Touaregs_(peuple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Touaregs (peuple)">Touaregs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ifoghas" title="Ifoghas">Ifoghas</a> de l'<a href="/wiki/Adrar_des_Ifoghas" title="Adrar des Ifoghas">Adrar</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les Ifogha sont rattachés au territoire militaire de <a href="/wiki/Tombouctou" title="Tombouctou">Tombouctou</a> et un poste est créé à <a href="/wiki/Kidal" title="Kidal">Kidal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_novembre" title="24 novembre">24 novembre</a> : décret <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Roume" title="Ernest Roume">Roume</a>, arrêté portant création du système scolaire en <a href="/wiki/Afrique-Occidentale_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Afrique-Occidentale française">AOF</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. L’enseignement donné aux Africains est principalement technique et professionnel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amérique"><span id="Am.C3.A9rique"></span>Amérique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Amérique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Amérique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9_janvier" title="9 janvier">9 janvier</a> : signature à <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a> d’un protocole de désarmement entre l’<a href="/wiki/Argentine" title="Argentine">Argentine</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Chili" title="Chili">Chili</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/31_janvier" title="31 janvier">31 janvier</a> : accord entre le gouvernement des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine" title="République dominicaine">République dominicaine</a> qui s'engage à verser 4,5 millions de dollars or à la <i>Santo Domingo Improvement Company</i><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_f%C3%A9vrier" title="16 février">16</a> et <a href="/wiki/23_f%C3%A9vrier" title="23 février">23 février</a> : <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_am%C3%A9ricano-cubain" title="Traité américano-cubain">traité américano-cubain</a>. La république de Cuba loue à perpétuité aux États-Unis l'entrée de la <a href="/wiki/Baie_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Baie de Guantánamo">baie de Guantánamo</a> dans le but d'établir une <a href="/wiki/Base_navale_de_la_baie_de_Guant%C3%A1namo" title="Base navale de la baie de Guantánamo">base navale</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_mars" title="1er mars"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> mars</a> : <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">José Batlle y Ordóñez</a> (<i>Batllismo</i>, 1856-1929) devient président de l’<a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1903-<a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a> et <a href="/wiki/1911" title="1911">1911</a>-<a href="/wiki/1916" title="1916">1916</a>). Il consolide la démocratie et doit faire face à une révolte armée du Parti national (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Blanco" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Blanco">Parti Blanco</a>) et mettre fin aux divisions internes de son propre parti (<a href="/wiki/Parti_colorado_(Uruguay)" title="Parti colorado (Uruguay)">Parti Colorado</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_mars" title="22 mars">22 mars</a> : le docteur <a href="/wiki/Oswaldo_Cruz" title="Oswaldo Cruz">Oswaldo Cruz</a> devient directeur de la santé publique au <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9sil" title="Brésil">Brésil</a>. Assainissement de <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a> par son action (1903-<a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_mars" title="29 mars">29 mars</a> : liaison <a href="/wiki/Transmission_sans_fil" title="Transmission sans fil">TSF</a> entre <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> et <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_mars" title="30 mars">30 mars</a> : intervention américaine en <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_dominicaine" title="République dominicaine">République dominicaine</a> (fin en 1905)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_mai" title="22 mai">22 mai</a> : traité permanent entre Cuba et les États-Unis entérinant l'<a href="/wiki/Amendement_Platt" title="Amendement Platt">Amendement Platt</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> devient un protectorat américain. Les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> ont le droit d'intervenir dans l'île<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_juin" title="16 juin">16 juin</a> : naissance de la <a href="/wiki/Ford" title="Ford">Ford Motor Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_octobre" title="20 octobre">20 octobre</a> : conclusion du <a href="/wiki/Dispute_de_la_fronti%C3%A8re_de_l%27Alaska" title="Dispute de la frontière de l'Alaska">différend frontalier en Alaska</a> entre les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> au profit des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg/220px-Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg/330px-Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg/440px-Panama_canal_cartooon_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/18_novembre" title="18 novembre">18 novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_Hay-Bunau-Varilla" title="Traité Hay-Bunau-Varilla">traité Hay-Bunau-Varilla</a>. Caricature américaine de 1903 représentant Bunau-Varilla et Roosevelt.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3_novembre" title="3 novembre">3 novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance_du_Panama" title="Indépendance du Panama">indépendance du Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cepeda_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cepeda-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> suscitent une révolte « opportune » à Panama où la <a href="/wiki/Colombie" title="Colombie">Colombie</a> persiste à leur refuser la construction d’un canal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_novembre" title="17 novembre">17 novembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Petr%C3%B3polis" title="Traité de Petrópolis">traité de Petrópolis</a> entre la Bolivie et le Brésil<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_novembre" title="18 novembre">18 novembre</a> : le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_Hay-Bunau-Varilla" title="Traité Hay-Bunau-Varilla">traité Hay-Bunau-Varilla</a> accorde aux <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, à perpétuité le contrôle et l'exploitation du <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Panama" title="Canal de Panama">canal de Panama</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cepeda_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cepeda-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le Panama est sous protectorat américain (1903-1939).</li> <li><time class="nowrap" datetime="12-17" data-sort-value="12-17">17 décembre</time> : premier vol d'un avion, le Wright Flyer, avec lequel les <a href="/wiki/Orville_et_Wilbur_Wright" title="Orville et Wilbur Wright">frères Orville et Wilbur Wright</a> effectuent les premiers vols contrôlés et motorisés de l'histoire de l'<a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a>, à <a href="/wiki/Kitty_Hawk" title="Kitty Hawk">Kitty Hawk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Caroline_du_Nord" title="Caroline du Nord">Caroline du Nord</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asie_et_Proche-Orient">Asie et Proche-Orient</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Asie et Proche-Orient" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Asie et Proche-Orient"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_mars" title="5 mars">5 mars</a> : signature de la convention définitive relative au <a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_Berlin-Bagdad" title="Chemin de fer Berlin-Bagdad">chemin de fer de Bagdad</a> entre le gouvernement ottoman et les représentants de la <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank" title="Deutsche Bank">Deutsche Bank</a> et de la société du chemin de fer d’Anatolie<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_avril" title="28 avril">28 avril</a> : tremblement de terre entre <a href="/wiki/Malazgirt" title="Malazgirt">Malazgirt</a> et <a href="/wiki/Patnos" title="Patnos">Patnos</a> en <a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">Turquie</a> ; il fait 3 500 victimes, environ 12 000 maisons sont détruites et 20 000 animaux sont tués<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dégâts mineurs jusqu'à <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Bitlis" title="Bitlis">Bitlis</a>. Une forte réplique fait des victimes supplémentaires le <a href="/wiki/6_ao%C3%BBt" title="6 août">6 août</a><sup id="cite_ref-Multidisciplinary_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multidisciplinary-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_mai" title="11 mai">11 mai</a> : le projet d’implantation d’un foyer <a href="/wiki/Juif" class="mw-redirect" title="Juif">juif</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Sina%C3%AF" title="Sinaï">Sinaï</a> est rejetée par les autorités anglo-égyptiennes<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_mai" title="28 mai">28 mai</a> : en <a href="/wiki/Turquie" title="Turquie">Turquie</a>, un nouveau tremblement de terre fait 2 000 victimes à <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6le" title="Göle">Göle</a><sup id="cite_ref-Multidisciplinary_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Multidisciplinary-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_juillet" title="23 juillet">23 juillet</a> : loi de décentralisation en <a href="/wiki/Indes_n%C3%A9erlandaises" class="mw-redirect" title="Indes néerlandaises">Indonésie</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Logo_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Logo_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK.svg/250px-Logo_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK.svg.png" decoding="async" width="154" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Logo_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK.svg/330px-Logo_of_Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F_JK.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>EQUIPE DE FOOT BESIKTAS</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/12_d%C3%A9cembre" title="12 décembre">12 décembre</a> : le <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, pratiquement libéré de la suzeraineté chinoise, est <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_militaire_britannique_au_Tibet_(1903-1904)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition militaire britannique au Tibet (1903-1904)">envahi par les Britanniques</a> du colonel <a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Francis Younghusband</a>, qui s’inquiètent de l’expansion russe en <a href="/wiki/Asie_centrale" title="Asie centrale">Asie centrale</a>. Après le massacre de Guru (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1904-03-31" data-sort-value="1904-03-31">31 mars 1904</time>), les Britanniques avancent jusqu’à <a href="/wiki/Lhassa" title="Lhassa">Lhassa</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1904-08-03" data-sort-value="1904-08-03">3 août 1904</time>) où les officiels tibétains doivent les rencontrer. Ils parviennent à obtenir des <a href="/wiki/Convention_entre_la_Grande-Bretagne_et_le_Tibet" title="Convention entre la Grande-Bretagne et le Tibet">accords commerciaux</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="1904-09-07" data-sort-value="1904-09-07">7 septembre 1904</time>). Le <a href="/wiki/Dala%C3%AF-lama" title="Dalaï-lama">dalaï-lama</a> s’enfuit vers la <a href="/wiki/Mongolie" title="Mongolie">Mongolie</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le journaliste <a href="/wiki/Perceval_Landon" title="Perceval Landon">Perceval Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>-<a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>), correspondant du <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">Times</a></i>, qui accompagne l’expédition de Younghusband, observe la société tibétaine et rapporte croquis et photographies<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Échec de révoltes antifiscales en <a href="/wiki/Mongolie" title="Mongolie">Mongolie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lőrincz_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lőrincz-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Europe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Europe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1er_janvier" title="1er janvier"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> janvier</a> : réforme de l’orthographe <a href="/wiki/Allemand" title="Allemand">allemande</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_f%C3%A9vrier" title="23 février">23 février</a> : naissance de <a href="/wiki/John_Sutter" title="John Sutter">John August Sutter</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_mars" title="11 mars">11 mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : première victoire d’un candidat <a href="/wiki/Parti_travailliste_(Royaume-Uni)" title="Parti travailliste (Royaume-Uni)">travailliste</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_Crooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will Crooks (page inexistante)">Will Crooks</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Crooks" class="extiw" title="en:Will Crooks"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Will Crooks »">(en)</span></a>, à l’élection partielle de <a href="/wiki/Woolwich" title="Woolwich">Woolwich</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_avril" title="4 avril">4 avril</a> : pogrom antijuif à <a href="/wiki/Kichinev" class="mw-redirect" title="Kichinev">Kichinev</a>, ville <a href="/wiki/Empire_russe" title="Empire russe">russe</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bessarabie" title="Bessarabie">Bessarabie</a> qui fait une cinquantaine de morts et de nombreux blessés<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_avril" title="11 avril">11 avril</a> : à la suite de l’échec de la grande grève des chemins de fer aux Pays-Bas, le parlement néerlandais interdit toutes grèves dans les chemins de fer et prévoit des peines de prison pour les contrevenants<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Guadalkivir_solun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Guadalkivir_solun.jpg/250px-Guadalkivir_solun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Guadalkivir_solun.jpg/330px-Guadalkivir_solun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Guadalkivir_solun.jpg/500px-Guadalkivir_solun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>28 avril : incendie du vapeur <i>Guadalquivir</i>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/28_avril" title="28 avril">28</a>-<a href="/wiki/29_avril" title="29 avril">29 avril</a> : série d’attentats commis à <a href="/wiki/Thessalonique" title="Thessalonique">Thessalonique</a> par les <i><a href="/wiki/Bateliers_de_Salonique" title="Bateliers de Salonique">bateliers de Salonique</a></i>, un petit groupe anarchiste lié aux comités de l’<a href="/wiki/Organisation_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_int%C3%A9rieure_mac%C3%A9donienne" title="Organisation révolutionnaire intérieure macédonienne">Organisation révolutionnaire intérieure macédonienne</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Comitadjis" title="Comitadjis">Comitadjis</a></i>) ; le navire français <i>Guadalquivir</i> est incendié dans le port, et le lendemain les conduites de gaz d'éclairage sont sabotées et la succursale de la Banque Ottomane de la ville est détruite à la dynamite ; la loi martiale est proclamé en <a href="/wiki/Mac%C3%A9doine_(r%C3%A9gion)#Macédoine_ottomane" title="Macédoine (région)">Macédoine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1er_mai_en_sport" title="1er mai en sport">1<sup>er</sup></a>-<a href="/wiki/4_mai" title="4 mai">4 mai</a> : voyage à Paris du roi du Royaume-Uni <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_VII" title="Édouard VII">Édouard VII</a>, visant à renouer des contacts avec la France après l’<a href="/wiki/Crise_de_Fachoda" title="Crise de Fachoda">affaire de Fachoda</a>, afin de jeter les bases de l'<a href="/wiki/Entente_cordiale" title="Entente cordiale">Entente cordiale</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chartes_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chartes-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_mai" title="4 mai">4 mai</a> : mort du révolutionnaire de l'<a href="/wiki/Organisation_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_int%C3%A9rieure_mac%C3%A9donienne" title="Organisation révolutionnaire intérieure macédonienne">ORIM</a> <a href="/wiki/Gots%C3%A9_Deltchev" title="Gotsé Deltchev">Gotsé Deltchev</a> lors d'une embuscade de la police turque près du village de <a href="/wiki/Banitsa_(Gr%C3%A8ce)" title="Banitsa (Grèce)">Banitsa</a><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_mai" title="27 mai">27 mai</a> : fondation en Allemagne de la société <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_juin" title="11 juin">11 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_de_mai_(Serbie)" title="Coup d'État de mai (Serbie)">coup d'État</a> en <a href="/wiki/Serbie" title="Serbie">Serbie</a> ; assassinat du roi <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ier_de_Serbie" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Ier de Serbie">Alexandre <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> Obrenovitch</a>, de son épouse et de ses principaux ministres par des officiers nationalistes. <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Ier_de_Serbie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Ier de Serbie">Pierre <abbr class="abbr" title="premier">I<sup>er</sup></abbr> Karageorgévitch</a> lui succède<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/16_juin" title="16 juin">16 juin</a> : <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_allemandes_de_1903" title="Élections législatives allemandes de 1903">élection en Allemagne</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les <a href="/wiki/Parti_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_d%27Allemagne" title="Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne">sociaux-démocrates</a> obtiennent 31,7 % des suffrages et 81 sièges. Le <a href="/wiki/Zentrum" title="Zentrum">Zentrum</a> obtient 101 sièges. Les conservateurs 54 sièges et le parti de l’empire 21.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_juillet" title="6 juillet">6</a>-<a href="/wiki/9_juillet" title="9 juillet">9 juillet</a> : voyage d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> à <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chartes_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chartes-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_juillet" title="30 juillet">30 juillet</a> : le second Congrès du <a href="/wiki/Parti_ouvrier_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_de_Russie" title="Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie">Parti social-démocrate russe</a> commence à <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>. La police belge force les délégués à partir pour Londres le <a href="/wiki/6_ao%C3%BBt" title="6 août">6 août</a>. Le congrès s’achève le <a href="/wiki/23_ao%C3%BBt" title="23 août">23 août</a><sup id="cite_ref-Read_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Read-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2 août</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="07-20" data-sort-value="07-20">20 juillet</time> du calendrier julien) : <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_d%27Ilinden-Pr%C3%A9obraj%C3%A9ni%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurrection d'Ilinden-Préobrajénié">insurrection d’Ilinden</a>, révolte nationaliste de la population bulgare de la Macédoine et de la Thrace contre l’administration turque, réprimé par l’armée ottomane<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> qui reprend le contrôle de la région en <a href="/wiki/Octobre_1903" title="Octobre 1903">octobre</a><sup id="cite_ref-Delorme_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delorme-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_ao%C3%BBt" title="4 août">4 août</a> : <a href="/wiki/Conclave_de_1903" title="Conclave de 1903">élection</a> du pape <a href="/wiki/Pie_X" title="Pie X">Pie X</a> (fin de pontificat en <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_ao%C3%BBt" title="23 août">23 août</a> : fin du congrès de Londres du <a href="/wiki/Parti_ouvrier_social-d%C3%A9mocrate_de_Russie" title="Parti ouvrier social-démocrate de Russie">Parti social-démocrate russe</a>, scission entre <a href="/wiki/Bolchevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolchevik">Bolcheviks</a> (partie majoritaire dirigé par <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénine">Lénine</a>) et <a href="/wiki/Menchevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menchevik">Mencheviks</a><sup id="cite_ref-Read_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Read-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_septembre" title="9 septembre">9 septembre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : démission de <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>, secrétaire d’État aux Colonies. Il inaugure une campagne protectionniste<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_octobre" title="2 octobre">2 octobre</a> : rencontre entre <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_d%27Autriche" class="mw-redirect" title="François-Joseph d'Autriche">François-Joseph d'Autriche</a> et <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_II_de_Russie" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas II de Russie">Nicolas II de Russie</a> à <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCrzsteg" title="Mürzsteg">Mürzsteg</a>. Accord sur la <a href="/wiki/Mac%C3%A9doine_(r%C3%A9gion)#Macédoine_ottomane" title="Macédoine (région)">Macédoine</a> pour une administration spéciale de la région sous contrôle des puissances européennes<sup id="cite_ref-Delorme_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delorme-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Le <a href="/wiki/Programme_de_M%C3%BCrzsteg" title="Programme de Mürzsteg">programme de Mürzsteg</a> est soumis le <a href="/wiki/22_octobre" title="22 octobre">22 octobre</a> au sultan <a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamid_II" title="Abdülhamid II">Abdülhamid II</a> qui l'accepte avec réticence le <a href="/wiki/25_novembre" title="25 novembre">25 novembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_octobre" title="10 octobre">10 octobre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> : fondation de l’<i><a href="/wiki/Union_f%C3%A9minine_sociale_et_politique" class="mw-redirect" title="Union féminine sociale et politique">Union politique et sociale des femmes</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragettes</a>) par <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_novembre" title="3 novembre">3 novembre</a> : gouvernement <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Tisza" title="István Tisza">István Tisza</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a> (fin en <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_d%C3%A9cembre" title="3 décembre">3 décembre</a> : le <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">parlement norvégien</a> repousse à l’unanimité le droit de vote pour les femmes<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_d%C3%A9cembre" title="15 décembre">15 décembre</a> : gouvernement conservateur d’<a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maura" title="Antonio Maura">Antonio Maura</a> en <a href="/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne">Espagne</a> (1903-<a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> et <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>-<a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Il tente d’apporter une solution moderniste aux problèmes les plus urgents.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_d%C3%A9cembre" title="24 décembre">24 décembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Loi_du_24_d%C3%A9cembre_1903_sur_les_accidents_de_travail" title="Loi du 24 décembre 1903 sur les accidents de travail">Loi du 24 décembre 1903 sur les accidents de travail</a> en Belgique.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Empire_russe">Empire russe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Empire russe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Empire russe"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_mars" title="10 mars">10 mars</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="02-26" data-sort-value="02-26">26 février</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : manifeste impérial proclamant l’immutabilité du lot communal, mais aussi le droit des paysans de créer des tenures extérieures<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg/220px-1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg/330px-1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg/440px-1904_Russian_Tsar-Stop_your_cruel_oppression_of_the_Jews-LOC_hh0145s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4064" /></a><figcaption>Avril : <a href="/wiki/Pogroms_de_Kichinev" title="Pogroms de Kichinev">Pogrom de Kichinev</a>. Caricature de 1904. <i>Les États-Unis au tsar : Arrêtez votre cruelle oppression sur les Juifs</i>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19_avril" title="19 avril">19</a> - <a href="/wiki/21_avril" title="21 avril">21 avril</a> (6-<time class="nowrap" datetime="04-08" data-sort-value="04-08">8 avril</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : <a href="/wiki/Pogroms_de_Kichinev" title="Pogroms de Kichinev">pogrom de Kichinev</a> en <a href="/wiki/Bessarabie" title="Bessarabie">Bessarabie</a> avec la complicité des autorités locales (<a href="/wiki/Viatcheslav_Plehve" title="Viatcheslav Plehve">Plehwe</a>). Quarante-neuf morts et 500 blessés<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Deux mille familles perdent leur foyer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_juin" title="15 juin">15 juin</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-02" data-sort-value="06-02">2 juin</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : loi sur la responsabilité de l’employeur dans les accidents du travail<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_juin" title="23 juin">23 juin</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="06-10" data-sort-value="06-10">10 juin</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : loi sur la création d’un délégué ouvrier (<a href="/wiki/Staroste" title="Staroste">staroste</a>) dans les usines<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juin_1903" title="Juin 1903">Juin</a> : confiscation des biens du clergé arménien<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Russification de l’<a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Arménie">Arménie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_juillet" title="17 juillet">17 juillet</a> : début d’une grève générale<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Accroissement des mouvements de <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ve" title="Grève">grève</a> : <a href="/wiki/Odessa" title="Odessa">Odessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bakou" title="Bakou">Bakou</a> dès le <a href="/wiki/1er_juillet" title="1er juillet"><abbr class="abbr" title="Premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> juillet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiflis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiflis">Tiflis</a> le <a href="/wiki/14_juillet" title="14 juillet">14</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batoum" class="mw-redirect" title="Batoum">Batoum</a> le <a href="/wiki/17_juillet" title="17 juillet">17</a><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, le <a href="/wiki/22_juillet" title="22 juillet">22</a> à <a href="/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kiev</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 200 000 grévistes dans les centres industriels de <a href="/wiki/Transcaucasie" title="Transcaucasie">Transcaucasie</a> et d’Ukraine<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_juillet" title="30 juillet">30 juillet</a> - <a href="/wiki/23_ao%C3%BBt" title="23 août">23 août</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="07-17" data-sort-value="07-17">17 juillet</time> - <time class="nowrap" datetime="08-10" data-sort-value="08-10">10 août</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : deuxième congrès du <a href="/wiki/POSDR" class="mw-redirect" title="POSDR">POSDR</a> à <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, puis à <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a><sup id="cite_ref-Read_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Read-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Division entre <a href="/wiki/Bolcheviks" title="Bolcheviks">bolcheviks</a> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénine">Lénine</a>) et <a href="/wiki/Menchevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menchevik">menchevik</a> (<a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Julius Martov</a>) sur la conception du parti. Retrait du <a href="/wiki/Union_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_des_travailleurs_juifs" title="Union générale des travailleurs juifs">Bund</a> auquel on refuse l’autonomie<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_ao%C3%BBt" title="2 août">2</a> - <a href="/wiki/4_ao%C3%BBt" title="4 août">4 août</a> (20 - <time class="nowrap" datetime="07-22" data-sort-value="07-22">22 juillet</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : fondation à <a href="/wiki/Schaffhouse" title="Schaffhouse">Schaffhouse</a> de l’Union de Libération par les diverses composantes libérales rassemblées autour de la revue <i>Libération</i><sup id="cite_ref-Galai_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Galai-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_ao%C3%BBt" title="12 août">12 août</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="07-30" data-sort-value="07-30">30 juillet</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : création de la vice-royauté d’Extrême-Orient<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Les relations avec le <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> se dégradent, en partie à cause de l’action de certains milieux dirigeant russes : intrigue du « lobby » coréen de <a href="/wiki/Piotr_Alexe%C3%AFevitch_Bezobrazov" class="mw-redirect" title="Piotr Alexeïevitch Bezobrazov">Bezobrazov</a>, nomination de l’amiral <a href="/wiki/Ievgueni_Ivanovitch_Alekse%C3%AFev" title="Ievgueni Ivanovitch Alekseïev">Alexeïev</a> comme vice-roi d’Extrême-Orient, maintient des troupes d’occupation russe en <a href="/wiki/Mandchourie" title="Mandchourie">Mandchourie</a><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_ao%C3%BBt" title="29 août">29 août</a> (<time class="nowrap" datetime="08-16" data-sort-value="08-16">16 août</time> du <a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">calendrier julien</a>) : disgrâce de <a href="/wiki/Serge_Witte" title="Serge Witte">Serge Witte</a>, contraint d’abandonner le ministère des finances<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septembre_1903" title="Septembre 1903">Septembre</a> : <a href="/wiki/Trotski" class="mw-redirect" title="Trotski">Trotski</a> prend position contre <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9nine" class="mw-redirect" title="Lénine">Lénine</a> et adhère à la fraction <a href="/wiki/Menchevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Menchevik">menchevik</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prix_Nobel">Prix Nobel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Prix Nobel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Prix Nobel"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physique" title="Prix Nobel de physique">Prix Nobel de physique</a> : <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> et <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_chimie" title="Prix Nobel de chimie">Prix Nobel de chimie</a> : <a href="/wiki/Svante_August_Arrhenius" title="Svante August Arrhenius">Svante August Arrhenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_physiologie_ou_m%C3%A9decine" title="Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine">Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine</a> : <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_litt%C3%A9rature" title="Prix Nobel de littérature">Prix Nobel de littérature</a> : <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Nobel_de_la_paix" title="Prix Nobel de la paix">Prix Nobel de la paix</a> : <a href="/wiki/William_Randal_Cremer" title="William Randal Cremer">William Randal Cremer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fondations_en_1903">Fondations en 1903</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Fondations en 1903" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fondations en 1903"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Voir la catégorie : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Fondation_en_1903" title="Catégorie:Fondation en 1903">Fondation en 1903</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naissances_en_1903">Naissances en 1903</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Naissances en 1903" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Naissances en 1903"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/Naissance_en_1903" title="Naissance en 1903">Naissance en 1903</a>. Voir également la catégorie : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Naissance_en_1903" title="Catégorie:Naissance en 1903">Naissance en 1903</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Décès_en_1903"><span id="D.C3.A9c.C3.A8s_en_1903"></span>Décès en 1903</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Décès en 1903" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Décès en 1903"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Article détaillé : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1903" title="Décès en 1903">Décès en 1903</a>. Voir également la catégorie : <a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9c%C3%A8s_en_1903" title="Catégorie:Décès en 1903">Décès en 1903</a></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 250px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Otto_Mueller_-_T%C3%A4nzerin_mit_Schleier,_von_einem_Mann_beobachtet_-_ca_1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La danse du voile toile d'Otto Mueller. La peinture en 1903 sur Commons"><img alt="La danse du voile toile d'Otto Mueller. La peinture en 1903 sur Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Otto_Mueller_-_T%C3%A4nzerin_mit_Schleier%2C_von_einem_Mann_beobachtet_-_ca_1903.jpg/250px-Otto_Mueller_-_T%C3%A4nzerin_mit_Schleier%2C_von_einem_Mann_beobachtet_-_ca_1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Otto_Mueller_-_T%C3%A4nzerin_mit_Schleier%2C_von_einem_Mann_beobachtet_-_ca_1903.jpg/330px-Otto_Mueller_-_T%C3%A4nzerin_mit_Schleier%2C_von_einem_Mann_beobachtet_-_ca_1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="1680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><center><i>La danse du voile</i> toile d'<a href="/wiki/Otto_Mueller" title="Otto Mueller">Otto Mueller</a>.<div class="commons plainlinks"><span class="js-interprojets"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1903_paintings?uselang=fr">La peinture en 1903</a></span> sur <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="commons:">Commons</a></div></center></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r224276929">@media screen{body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:30em;overflow:auto;padding:3px;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-top:0.3em}body.mw-mf .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto!important}body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre .references-small{margin-top:0}}@media screen and (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){body:not(.mw-mf) .mw-parser-output .reference-cadre{height:auto;column-width:30em;padding:0;border:0 none}}</style><div class="reference-cadre" tabindex="0"> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:35em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Salifou1973"><span class="ouvrage" id="André_Salifou1973">André Salifou, <cite class="italique">Les Français, Fihroun et les Kounta, 1902-1916</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 43, Journal de la Société des Africanistes, <time>1973</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/jafr_0037-9166_1973_num_43_2_1711">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 178<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais%2C+Fihroun+et+les+Kounta%2C+1902-1916&rft.pub=Journal+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Africanistes&rft.aulast=Salifou&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft.date=1973&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adu_Boahen1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Adu_Boahen1989">Albert Adu Boahen, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'Afrique : L'Afrique sous domination coloniale 1880-1935</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, UNESCO, <time>1989</time>, 544 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-202499-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-202499-2"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-202499-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ctwrfCdKb0MC&pg=PA90">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Afrique+%3A+L%27Afrique+sous+domination+coloniale+1880-1935&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.au=Albert+Adu+Boahen&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=7&rft.tpages=544&rft.isbn=978-92-3-202499-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="M.N._Geary2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_M.N._Geary2013">William M.N. Geary, <cite class="italique">Nigeria Under British Rule (1927)</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 313 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-136-96294-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-136-96294-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-136-96294-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=r-VkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT227">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nigeria+Under+British+Rule+%281927%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.au=William+M.N.+Geary&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=313&rft.isbn=978-1-136-96294-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Windrow2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Martin_Windrow2010">Martin Windrow, <cite class="italique">Our Friends Beneath the Sands : The Foreign Legion in France's Colonial Conquests 1870-1935</cite>, Hachette UK, <time>2010</time>, 400 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-297-85841-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-297-85841-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-297-85841-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Z2AFCDknFJIC&pg=PAPT386">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Friends+Beneath+the+Sands+%3A+The+Foreign+Legion+in+France%27s+Colonial+Conquests+1870-1935&rft.pub=Hachette+UK&rft.aulast=Windrow&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=400&rft.isbn=978-0-297-85841-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carol2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Steven_Carol2012">Steven Carol, <cite class="italique">From Jerusalem to the Lion of Judah and Beyond : Israel's Foreign Policy in East Africa</cite>, iUniverse, <time>2012</time>, 522 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4697-6130-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4697-6130-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4697-6130-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=7QF3IiCxtxsC&pg=PA65">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Jerusalem+to+the+Lion+of+Judah+and+Beyond&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.stitle=Israel%27s+Foreign+Policy+in+East+Africa&rft.aulast=Carol&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=522&rft.isbn=978-1-4697-6130-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jehan_Henry_de_Clercq,_Jules_de_Clercq1907"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alexandre_Jehan_Henry_de_Clercq,_Jules_de_Clercq1907">Alexandre Jehan Henry de Clercq, Jules de Clercq, <cite class="italique">Recueil des traités de la France</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 22, Amyot, <time>1907</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=68FCAQAAMAAJ&dq=Badjibo&pg=PA295">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recueil+des+trait%C3%A9s+de+la+France&rft.pub=Amyot&rft.au=Alexandre+Jehan+Henry+de+Clercq%2C+Jules+de+Clercq&rft.date=1907&rft.volume=22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Martin1979"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claude_Martin1979">Claude Martin, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Algérie française</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Paris, Tchou, <time>1979</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-221-22260-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-221-22260-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-221-22260-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=OcGPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT440">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Alg%C3%A9rie+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Tchou&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft.date=1979&rft.volume=1&rft.isbn=978-2-221-22260-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gahama1983"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Gahama1983">Joseph Gahama, <cite class="italique">Le Burundi sous administration belge : la période du mandat 1919-1939</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>1983</time>, 465 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-089-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-089-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86537-089-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4YKO5zR_OdcC&pg=PA20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Burundi+sous+administration+belge&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.stitle=la+p%C3%A9riode+du+mandat+1919-1939&rft.aulast=Gahama&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1983&rft.tpages=465&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-089-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roche2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Roche2011">Christian Roche, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire et la France au <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle : conquêtes et résistances</cite>, Paris, Karthala Éditions, <time>2011</time>, 222 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-0493-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-0493-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-0493-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=d0wVL2wELvkC&pg=PA151">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+et+la+France+au+XIXe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.stitle=conqu%C3%AAtes+et+r%C3%A9sistances&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2011&rft.tpages=222&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-0493-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doury-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Doury_10-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Doury_10-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Doury2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paul_Doury2002">Paul Doury, <cite class="italique">Lyautey : un Saharien atypique</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2002</time>, 305 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7475-2629-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7475-2629-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7475-2629-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=FHCfwBMKcqQC&pg=PA35">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lyautey&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=un+Saharien+atypique&rft.aulast=Doury&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=305&rft.isbn=978-2-7475-2629-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1903"><cite class="italique">Kenya Gazette</cite>, <time>1903</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=76EP26G_HIgC&pg=PA297">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kenya+Gazette&rft.date=1903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adu_Boahen1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Adu_Boahen1987">Albert Adu Boahen, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'Afrique. L'Afrique sous domination coloniale, 1880-1935</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, UNESCO, <time>1987</time>, 937 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-201713-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-201713-0"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-201713-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xil95Lf6QcwC&pg=PA242">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Afrique.+L%27Afrique+sous+domination+coloniale%2C+1880-1935&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.au=Albert+Adu+Boahen&rft.date=1987&rft.volume=7&rft.tpages=937&rft.isbn=978-92-3-201713-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adu_Boahen1989"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Adu_Boahen1989">Albert Adu Boahen, <cite class="italique">Histoire générale de l'Afrique : L'Afrique sous domination coloniale 1880-1935</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, UNESCO, <time>1989</time>, 544 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-202499-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-202499-2"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-202499-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ctwrfCdKb0MC&pg=PA258">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale+de+l%27Afrique+%3A+L%27Afrique+sous+domination+coloniale+1880-1935&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.au=Albert+Adu+Boahen&rft.date=1989&rft.volume=7&rft.tpages=544&rft.isbn=978-92-3-202499-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Porch2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Douglas_Porch2005">Douglas Porch, <cite class="italique">The Conquest of the Sahara : A History</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>, <time>2005</time>, 352 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4299-2209-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4299-2209-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4299-2209-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Ozkbij-TwSQC&pg=PA268">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conquest+of+the+Sahara&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.stitle=A+History&rft.aulast=Porch&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=352&rft.isbn=978-1-4299-2209-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laperrine,_Gaston_Édouard_Jules_Cauvet,_Paul_Pandolfi2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Henri_Laperrine,_Gaston_Édouard_Jules_Cauvet,_Paul_Pandolfi2006">Henri Laperrine, Gaston Édouard Jules Cauvet, Paul Pandolfi, <cite class="italique">Une correspondance saharienne : lettres inédites du général Laperrine au commandant Cauvet, 1902-1920</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Karthala" title="Éditions Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>2006</time>, 418 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-725-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-725-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-725-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=A5CfpIF4bdkC&pg=PA192">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Une+correspondance+saharienne+%3A+lettres+in%C3%A9dites+du+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral+Laperrine+au+commandant+Cauvet%2C+1902-1920&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.au=Henri+Laperrine%2C+Gaston+%C3%89douard+Jules+Cauvet%2C+Paul+Pandolfi&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=418&rft.isbn=978-2-84586-725-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Manessy1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gabriel_Manessy1994">Gabriel Manessy, <cite class="italique">Le français en Afrique noire : mythe, stratégies, pratiques</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>1994</time>, 244 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-2974-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-2974-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-7384-2974-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aUYLeANJmRgC&pg=PA26">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+fran%C3%A7ais+en+Afrique+noire&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=mythe%2C+strat%C3%A9gies%2C+pratiques&rft.aulast=Manessy&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=244&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-2974-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1980"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : espagnol">(es)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="es">Historia de las fronteras de chile</cite>, Editorial Jurídica de Chile, <time>1980</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=7b3C8LM7T8wC&pg=PA122">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 122<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+de+las+fronteras+de+chile&rft.pub=Editorial+Jur%C3%ADdica+de+Chile&rft.date=1980&rft.pages=122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Irving_Bevans1971"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Irving_Bevans1971">Charles Irving Bevans, <cite class="italique">Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America, 1776-1949 : Denmark-France</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 7, Department of State publication, <time>1971</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=htEWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA189">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treaties+and+Other+International+Agreements+of+the+United+States+of+America%2C+1776-1949&rft.pub=Department+of+State+publication&rft.stitle=Denmark-France&rft.au=Charles+Irving+Bevans&rft.date=1971&rft.volume=7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/dip_cuba002.asp">Avalon Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Faig_Garicoïts1996"><span class="ouvrage" id="Juan_Francisco_Faig_Garicoïts1996">Juan Francisco <span class="nom_auteur">Faig Garicoïts</span>, <cite class="italique">Sistema electoral y gobernabilidad en Uruguay</cite>, Ediciones Trilce, <time>1996</time>, 102 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-9974-32-151-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-9974-32-151-9"><span class="nowrap">978-9974-32-151-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=lXjx_Ax9chcC&pg=PA28">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sistema+electoral+y+gobernabilidad+en+Uruguay&rft.pub=Ediciones+Trilce&rft.aulast=Faig+Garico%C3%AFts&rft.aufirst=Juan+Francisco&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=102&rft.isbn=978-9974-32-151-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="José_Saldaña2009"><span class="ouvrage" id="Juan_José_Saldaña2009">Juan José Saldaña (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Bernabé Madrigal), <cite class="italique">Science in Latin America : A History</cite>, University of Texas Press, <time>2009</time>, 264 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-292-77475-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-292-77475-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-292-77475-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4FLaZzmP6RIC&pg=PA188">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+in+Latin+America&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.stitle=A+History&rft.au=Juan+Jos%C3%A9+Salda%C3%B1a&rft.date=2009&rft.tpages=264&rft.isbn=978-0-292-77475-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Greenberg,_Linda_S._Watts,_Richard_A._Greenwald,_Gordon_Reavley,_Alice_L._George,_Scott_Beekman,_Cecelia_Bucki,_Mark_Ciabattari,_John_C._Stoner,_Troy_D._Paino,_Laurie_Mercier,_Andrew_Hunt,_Peter_C._Holloran,_Nancy_Cohen2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Brian_Greenberg,_Linda_S._Watts,_Richard_A._Greenwald,_Gordon_Reavley,_Alice_L._George,_Scott_Beekman,_Cecelia_Bucki,_Mark_Ciabattari,_John_C._Stoner,_Troy_D._Paino,_Laurie_Mercier,_Andrew_Hunt,_Peter_C._Holloran,_Nancy_Cohen2008">Brian Greenberg, Linda S. Watts, Richard A. Greenwald, Gordon Reavley, Alice L. George, Scott Beekman, Cecelia Bucki, Mark Ciabattari, John C. Stoner, Troy D. Paino, Laurie Mercier, Andrew Hunt, Peter C. Holloran, Nancy Cohen, <cite class="italique">Social History of the United States [10 volumes]</cite>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2008</time>, 3330 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-59884-128-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-59884-128-2"><span class="nowrap">978-1-59884-128-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xypn4djxVD4C&pg=PA167">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+History+of+the+United+States+%5B10+volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.au=Brian+Greenberg%2C+Linda+S.+Watts%2C+Richard+A.+Greenwald%2C+Gordon+Reavley%2C+Alice+L.+George%2C+Scott+Beekman%2C+Cecelia+Bucki%2C+Mark+Ciabattari%2C+John+C.+Stoner%2C+Troy+D.+Paino%2C+Laurie+Mercier%2C+Andrew+Hunt%2C+Peter+C.+Holloran%2C+Nancy+Cohen&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=3330&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-128-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hagger_Author2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nicholas_Hagger_Author2013">Nicholas Hagger Author, <cite class="italique">The Secret American Dream : The Creation of a New World Order with the Power to Abolish War, Poverty, and Disease</cite>, Duncan Baird Publishers, <time>2013</time>, 272 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-78028-212-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-78028-212-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-78028-212-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=XXnqbXhaTf8C&pg=PAPP41">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secret+American+Dream+%3A+The+Creation+of+a+New+World+Order+with+the+Power+to+Abolish+War%2C+Poverty%2C+and+Disease&rft.pub=Duncan+Baird+Publishers&rft.au=Nicholas+Hagger+Author&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=272&rft.isbn=978-1-78028-212-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Antilles-Guyane._Centre_d'études_et_de_recherches_caraibéennes2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Université_Antilles-Guyane._Centre_d'études_et_de_recherches_caraibéennes2004">Université Antilles-Guyane. Centre d'études et de recherches caraibéennes, <cite class="italique">La Caraïbe au tournant de deux siècles : commémoration du premier centenaire de la guerre hispano-cubano-américaine et de la république de Cuba, 1902</cite>, Khartala, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84586-508-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84586-508-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84586-508-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vp4tGoVQnS8C&pg=PA43">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Cara%C3%AFbe+au+tournant+de+deux+si%C3%A8cles+%3A+comm%C3%A9moration+du+premier+centenaire+de+la+guerre+hispano-cubano-am%C3%A9ricaine+et+de+la+r%C3%A9publique+de+Cuba%2C+1902&rft.pub=Khartala&rft.au=Universit%C3%A9+Antilles-Guyane.+Centre+d%27%C3%A9tudes+et+de+recherches+caraib%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2-84586-508-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Amblard2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Damien_Amblard2014">Damien Amblard, <cite class="italique">Le "fascisme" américain et le fordisme</cite>, Univer Poche, <time>2014</time>, 236 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8238-1596-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8238-1596-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8238-1596-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=iHdSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT18">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+%22fascisme%22+am%C3%A9ricain+et+le+fordisme&rft.pub=Univer+Poche&rft.aulast=Amblard&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=236&rft.isbn=978-2-8238-1596-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gough2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Barry_M._Gough2010">Barry M. Gough, <cite class="italique">Historical Dictionary of Canada</cite>, Scarecrow Press, <time>2010</time>, 548 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8108-7504-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8108-7504-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8108-7504-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=z4xK6CasigkC&pg=PA58">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Canada&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=548&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7504-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cepeda-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cepeda_27-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Cepeda_27-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="José_Paz_y_Miño_Cepeda2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Juan_José_Paz_y_Miño_Cepeda2004">Juan José Paz y Miño Cepeda, <cite class="italique">Deuda histórica e historia inmediata en América Latina</cite>, Editorial Abya Yala, <time>2004</time>, 119 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-9978-22-476-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-9978-22-476-2"><span class="nowrap">978-9978-22-476-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=wCRdAAPxlrgC&pg=PA64">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deuda+hist%C3%B3rica+e+historia+inmediata+en+Am%C3%A9rica+Latina&rft.pub=Editorial+Abya+Yala&rft.au=Juan+Jos%C3%A9+Paz+y+Mi%C3%B1o+Cepeda&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=119&rft.isbn=978-9978-22-476-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rudel2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian_Rudel2010">Christian Rudel, <cite class="italique">La Bolivie</cite>, Karthala Éditions, <time>2010</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8111-3280-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8111-3280-4"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8111-3280-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=IS5Ka3W8XxUC&pg=PA97">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Bolivie&rft.pub=Karthala+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Rudel&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=978-2-8111-3280-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chaigne-Oudin2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anne-Lucie_Chaigne-Oudin2006">Anne-Lucie Chaigne-Oudin, <cite class="italique">La France et les rivalités occidentales au levant : Syrie-Liban, 1918-1939</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2006</time>, 328 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-296-00677-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-296-00677-5"><span class="nowrap">978-2-296-00677-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=PpSWSONkum0C&pg=PA25">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+France+et+les+rivalit%C3%A9s+occidentales+au+levant&rft.pub=L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=Syrie-Liban%2C+1918-1939&rft.aulast=Chaigne-Oudin&rft.aufirst=Anne-Lucie&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=328&rft.isbn=978-2-296-00677-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=4&day=28&submit=View+Date">United States Geological Survey</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Multidisciplinary-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Multidisciplinary_31-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Multidisciplinary_31-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mceer.buffalo.edu/infoservice/Reference_Services/turkey-major-earthquakes.asp">Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering. Research Foundation of the State of New York. 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Neher-Bernheim1971"><span class="ouvrage" id="Renée_Neher-Bernheim1971">Renée Neher-Bernheim, <cite class="italique">Frontières du Sinaï. Un siècle de diplomatie au Moyen-Orient, 1840-1948</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 36, Politique étrangère, <time>1971</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/polit_0032-342x_1971_num_36_2_1992">présentation en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 152<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fronti%C3%A8res+du+Sina%C3%AF.+Un+si%C3%A8cle+de+diplomatie+au+Moyen-Orient%2C+1840-1948&rft.pub=Politique+%C3%A9trang%C3%A8re&rft.aulast=Neher-Bernheim&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9e&rft.date=1971&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Colombijn2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Freek_Colombijn2014">Freek Colombijn, <cite class="italique">Cars, Conduits, and Kampongs : The Modernization of the Indonesian City, 1920-1960</cite>, BRILL, <time>2014</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-28072-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-28072-4"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-28072-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=cAkSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA124">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cars%2C+Conduits%2C+and+Kampongs+%3A+The+Modernization+of+the+Indonesian+City%2C+1920-1960&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.aulast=Colombijn&rft.aufirst=Freek&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-90-04-28072-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="BaudForêtGorshenina2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Aymon_BaudPhilippe_ForêtSvetlana_Gorshenina2003">Aymon Baud, Philippe Forêt et Svetlana Gorshenina, <cite class="italique">La Haute-Asie telle qu'ils l'ont vue : explorateurs et scientifiques de 1820 à 1940</cite>, Éditions Olizane, <time>2003</time>, 144 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-88086-299-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-88086-299-2"><span class="nowrap">978-2-88086-299-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=7ICeXheciEUC&pg=PA20">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Haute-Asie+telle+qu%27ils+l%27ont+vue&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Olizane&rft.stitle=explorateurs+et+scientifiques+de+1820+%C3%A0+1940&rft.aulast=Baud&rft.aufirst=Aymon&rft.au=Philippe+For%C3%AAt&rft.au=Svetlana+Gorshenina&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=144&rft.isbn=978-2-88086-299-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pommaret1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Françoise_Pommaret1997">Françoise Pommaret, <cite class="italique">Lhasa, lieu du divin : la capitale des Dalaï-Lama au <abbr class="abbr" title="17ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XVII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</cite>, Éditions Olizane, <time>1997</time>, 270 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-88086-184-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-88086-184-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-88086-184-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Bb0KQnj-zqkC&pg=PA30">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lhasa%2C+lieu+du+divin+%3A+la+capitale+des+Dala%C3%AF-Lama+au+XVIIe%26nbsp%3Bsi%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Olizane&rft.aulast=Pommaret&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=270&rft.isbn=978-2-88086-184-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lőrincz-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lőrincz_36-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lőrincz1984"><span class="ouvrage" id="László_Lőrincz1984">László Lőrincz, <cite class="italique">Histoire de la Mongolie : des origines à nos jours</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Akad%C3%A9miai_Kiad%C3%B3" title="Akadémiai Kiadó">Akadémiai Kiadó</a>, <time>1984</time>, 292 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-963-05-3381-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-963-05-3381-2"><span class="nowrap">978-963-05-3381-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=uTlwAAAAMAAJ&dq=1903&pg=PA176">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+Mongolie&rft.pub=Akad%C3%A9miai+Kiad%C3%B3&rft.stitle=des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.aulast=L%C5%91rincz&rft.aufirst=L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3&rft.date=1984&rft.tpages=292&rft.isbn=978-963-05-3381-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="de_l'Enseignement_Supérieur1907"><span class="ouvrage" id="Société_de_l'Enseignement_Supérieur1907">Société de l'Enseignement Supérieur, <cite class="italique">Revue internationale de l'enseignement</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 53, G. Masson, <time>1907</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=lj4XAAAAYAAJ&dq=janvier+1903&pg=PA488">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revue+internationale+de+l%27enseignement&rft.pub=G.+Masson&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27Enseignement+Sup%C3%A9rieur&rft.date=1907&rft.volume=53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1903"><cite class="italique">Le Musée social</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 8, Paris, <time>1903</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=At0jAQAAIAAJ&dq=Crooks&pg=PA83">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Mus%C3%A9e+social&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1903&rft.volume=8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pipes" title="Richard Pipes">Richard Pipes</a>, Les Révolutions russes (1905-1917), 1990, rééd. Perrin 2018, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1911"><cite class="italique">Journal des transports</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 34, <time>1911</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=G9M7AQAAMAAJ&dq=1903&pg=PA6">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+des+transports&rft.date=1911&rft.volume=34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_41-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_41-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Brown2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Keith_Brown2013"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Keith Brown, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Loyal Unto Death : Trust and Terror in Revolutionary Macedonia</cite>, Bloomington, Indiana University Press, <time>2013</time>, 257 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-253-00847-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-253-00847-3"><span class="nowrap">978-0-253-00847-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Uv38FKNAqQEC&pg=PA65">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loyal+Unto+Death+%3A+Trust+and+Terror+in+Revolutionary+Macedonia&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=257&rft.isbn=978-0-253-00847-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chartes-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Chartes_42-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Chartes_42-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1989"><cite class="italique">Positions des thèses soutenues par les élèves de la promotion de 1989 de l’école des Chartes</cite>, Paris, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Droz" title="Librairie Droz">Droz</a>, <time>1989</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=jQG8-b8IT2AC&pg=PA143">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Positions+des+th%C3%A8ses+soutenues+par+les+%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves+de+la+promotion+de+1989+de+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9cole+des+Chartes&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Droz&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Sterling2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christopher_H._Sterling2004">Christopher H. Sterling, <cite class="italique">Encyclopedia of Radio</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2004</time>, 1696 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-135-45649-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-135-45649-8"><span class="nowrap">978-1-135-45649-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=-UeveLMilioC&pg=PA1064">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Radio&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Sterling&rft.aufirst=Christopher+H.&rft.date=2004&rft.tpages=1696&rft.isbn=978-1-135-45649-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="WestJoulié2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rebecca_WestGérard_Joulié2000">Rebecca West et Gérard Joulié, <cite class="italique">Agneau noir et faucon gris : un voyage à travers la Yougoslavie</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27%C3%82ge_d%27Homme" title="Éditions L'Âge d'Homme">Éditions L'Âge d'Homme</a>, <time>2000</time>, 909 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8251-0865-9" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8251-0865-9"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8251-0865-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=zRAO5ZJM5D8C&pg=PA19">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Agneau+noir+et+faucon+gris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27%C3%82ge+d%27Homme&rft.stitle=un+voyage+%C3%A0+travers+la+Yougoslavie&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=G%C3%A9rard+Jouli%C3%A9&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=909&rft.isbn=978-2-8251-0865-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Schober1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="Angelika_Schober1997">Angelika Schober, <cite class="italique">Le christianisme dans les pays de langue allemande : enjeux et défis</cite>, Presses Univ. Limoges, <time>1997</time>, 192 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-84287-062-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-84287-062-1"><span class="nowrap">978-2-84287-062-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=kQcF71KXu6oC&pg=PA122">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+christianisme+dans+les+pays+de+langue+allemande&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+Limoges&rft.stitle=enjeux+et+d%C3%A9fis&rft.aulast=Schober&rft.aufirst=Angelika&rft.date=1997&rft.tpages=192&rft.isbn=978-2-84287-062-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Read-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Read_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Read_46-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Read_46-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Read2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christopher_Read2013">Christopher Read, <cite class="italique">Lenin : A Revolutionary Life</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2013</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-134-62471-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-134-62471-3"><span class="nowrap">978-1-134-62471-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=UNkev4PJX5AC&pg=PA60">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenin&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.stitle=A+Revolutionary+Life&rft.aulast=Read&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-1-134-62471-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rossos2008"><span class="ouvrage" id="Andrew_Rossos2008">Andrew Rossos, <cite class="italique">Macedonia and the Macedonians : A History</cite>, Hoover Press, <time>2008</time>, 392 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8179-4883-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8179-4883-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8179-4883-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=NeGoAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA109">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macedonia+and+the+Macedonians&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.stitle=A+History&rft.aulast=Rossos&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2008&rft.tpages=392&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-4883-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delorme-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Delorme_48-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Delorme_48-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delorme2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Olivier_Delorme2014">Olivier Delorme, <cite class="italique">La Grèce et les Balkans</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Gallimard" title="Éditions Gallimard">Gallimard</a>, <time>2014</time>, 704 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-07-248843-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-07-248843-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-07-248843-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=rEdnBAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT255">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Gr%C3%A8ce+et+les+Balkans&rft.pub=Gallimard&rft.aulast=Delorme&rft.aufirst=Olivier&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=704&rft.isbn=978-2-07-248843-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Chenaux2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Chenaux2003">Philippe Chenaux, <cite class="italique">Pie XII : diplomate et pasteur</cite>, Éditions du CERF, <time>2003</time>, 462 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-204-07197-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-204-07197-0"><span class="nowrap">978-2-204-07197-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=08V1_MN6MykC&pg=PA49">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pie+XII&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+CERF&rft.stitle=diplomate+et+pasteur&rft.aulast=Chenaux&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=462&rft.isbn=978-2-204-07197-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Plowright2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="John_Plowright2006">John Plowright, <cite class="italique">The Routledge dictionary of modern British history</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-134-73903-5" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-134-73903-5"><span class="nowrap">978-1-134-73903-5</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=v4iFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+dictionary+of+modern+British+history&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Plowright&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-134-73903-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Georgeon2003"><span class="ouvrage" id="François_Georgeon2003">François Georgeon, <cite class="italique">Abdulhamid II : Le sultan calife</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2003</time>, 540 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64828-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64828-6"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64828-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=C1B80jqOaWYC&pg=PAPT243">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abdulhamid+II&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.stitle=Le+sultan+calife&rft.aulast=Georgeon&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=2003&rft.tpages=540&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64828-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Rappaport2001"><span class="ouvrage" id="Helen_Rappaport2001">Helen Rappaport, <cite class="italique">Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2001</time>, 888 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-57607-101-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-57607-101-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-57607-101-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=rpuSzowmIkgC&pg=PA515">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women+Social+Reformers&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.aulast=Rappaport&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.date=2001&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=888&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-101-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bled2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Bled2012">Jean-Paul Bled, <cite class="italique">François-Ferdinand d'Autriche</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2012</time>, 368 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0018-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0018-6"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0018-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=YG4ip3NHpa8C&pg=PAPT218">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois-Ferdinand+d%27Autriche&rft.pub=Tallandier&rft.aulast=Bled&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft.date=2012&rft.tpages=368&rft.isbn=979-10-210-0018-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="1903"><cite class="italique"><a href="/wiki/L%27Illustration" title="L'Illustration">L'Illustration</a></cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 122, J. Dubochet, <time>1903</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=R71RAAAAYAAJ&dq=Storthing&pg=PA399">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Illustration&rft.pub=J.+Dubochet&rft.date=1903&rft.volume=122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Juliá,_José_Luis_García_Delgado,_Juan_Carlos_Jiménez,_Juan_Pablo_Fusi2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Santos_Juliá,_José_Luis_García_Delgado,_Juan_Carlos_Jiménez,_Juan_Pablo_Fusi2013">Santos Juliá, José Luis García Delgado, Juan Carlos Jiménez, Juan Pablo Fusi, <cite class="italique">La España del siglo XX</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Marcial_Pons_Historia" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcial Pons Historia">Marcial Pons Historia</a>, <time>2013</time>, 768 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-84-15817-12-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-84-15817-12-3"><span class="nowrap">978-84-15817-12-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Ii_ctcYSvfoC&pg=PA321">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Espa%C3%B1a+del+siglo+XX&rft.pub=Marcial+Pons+Historia&rft.au=Santos+Juli%C3%A1%2C+Jos%C3%A9+Luis+Garc%C3%ADa+Delgado%2C+Juan+Carlos+Jim%C3%A9nez%2C+Juan+Pablo+Fusi&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=768&rft.isbn=978-84-15817-12-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="William_Wcislo2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Francis_William_Wcislo2014">Francis William Wcislo, <cite class="italique">Reforming Rural Russia : State, Local Society, and National Politics, 1855-1914</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>, <time>2014</time>, 374 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4008-6123-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-4008-6123-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-4008-6123-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=7B4ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA146">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reforming+Rural+Russia+%3A+State%2C+Local+Society%2C+and+National+Politics%2C+1855-1914&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.au=Francis+William+Wcislo&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=374&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6123-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Levy2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_S._Levy2005">Richard S. Levy, <cite class="italique">Antisemitism : A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, <time>2005</time>, 828 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-85109-439-4" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-85109-439-4"><span class="nowrap">978-1-85109-439-4</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Tdn6FFZklkcC&pg=PA399">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia+of+Prejudice+and+Persecution&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Richard+S.&rft.date=2005&rft.volume=1&rft.tpages=828&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-439-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles1904"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alphonse_Charles1904">Alphonse Charles (<abbr class="abbr" title="traduction">trad.</abbr> Léon Leblane), <cite class="italique">Loi russe du 2/15 juin 1903 sur les accidents du travail (dans les entreprises industrielles, métallurgiques et minières) entrée en vigueur le 1/14 janvier 1904 : Traduction et exposé analytique de la loi</cite>, Paris, Chambre de commerce russe, <time>1904</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=wpYEAAAAMAAJ&q=1903">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loi+russe+du+2%2F15+juin+1903+sur+les+accidents+du+travail+%28dans+les+entreprises+industrielles%2C+m%C3%A9tallurgiques+et+mini%C3%A8res%29+entr%C3%A9e+en+vigueur+le+1%2F14+janvier+1904+%3A+Traduction+et+expos%C3%A9+analytique+de+la+loi&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Chambre+de+commerce+russe&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=Alphonse&rft.date=1904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Turin2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="S.P._Turin2012">S.P. Turin, <cite class="italique">From Peter the Great to Lenin Cb : History of Russian Labour Movement With Special Reference to Trade Unionism</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <time>2012</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-136-23676-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-1-136-23676-1"><span class="nowrap">978-1-136-23676-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=M9_trPKE12kC&pg=PA57">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Peter+the+Great+to+Lenin+Cb+%3A+History+of+Russian+Labour+Movement+With+Special+Reference+to+Trade+Unionism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.aulast=Turin&rft.aufirst=S.P.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-23676-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ter_Minassian1983"><span class="ouvrage" id="Anahide_Ter_Minassian1983">Anahide Ter Minassian, <cite class="italique">La question arménienne</cite>, Éditions Parenthèses, <time>1983</time>, 239 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86364-019-7" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86364-019-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-86364-019-7</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=HTDwKiQu-rkC&pg=PA166">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+question+arm%C3%A9nienne&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Parenth%C3%A8ses&rft.au=Anahide+Ter+Minassian&rft.date=1983&rft.tpages=239&rft.isbn=978-2-86364-019-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charques1974"><span class="ouvrage" id="Richard_Charques1974">Richard Charques, <cite class="italique">The Twilight of Imperial Russia</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>1974</time>, 256 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-534587-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-534587-2"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-534587-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=PbUYPD6AY6wC&pg=PA81">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Twilight+of+Imperial+Russia&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Charques&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1974&rft.tpages=256&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534587-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Stalin1953"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joseph_Stalin1953">Joseph Stalin, <cite class="italique">Works : 1907-1913</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Languages_Publishing_House" title="Foreign Languages Publishing House">Foreign Languages Publishing House</a>, <time>1953</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=mpYOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA403">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Works&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Publishing+House&rft.stitle=1907-1913&rft.aulast=Stalin&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1953&rft.volume=2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hillis2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Faith_Hillis2013">Faith Hillis, <cite class="italique">Children of Rus’ : Right-Bank Ukraine and the Invention of a Russian Nation</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, <time>2013</time>, 348 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-8014-6925-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-8014-6925-1"><span class="nowrap">978-0-8014-6925-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=k6MoAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT94">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Children+of+Rus%E2%80%99+%3A+Right-Bank+Ukraine+and+the+Invention+of+a+Russian+Nation&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.aulast=Hillis&rft.aufirst=Faith&rft.date=2013&rft.tpages=348&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-6925-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="I͡Urʹevich_Polunov2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Aleksandr_I͡Urʹevich_Polunov2005">Aleksandr I͡Urʹevich Polunov, <cite class="italique">Russia in the Nineteenth Century : Autocracy, Reform, and Social Change, 1814-1914</cite>, M.E. Sharpe, <time>2005</time>, 286 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-7656-0671-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-7656-0671-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-7656-0671-6</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=LkOjnKYB6yUC&pg=PA214">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.stitle=Autocracy%2C+Reform%2C+and+Social+Change%2C+1814-1914&rft.au=Aleksandr+I%CD%A1Ur%CA%B9evich+Polunov&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=286&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0671-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marie2014"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Jacques_Marie2014">Jean-Jacques Marie, <cite class="italique">L'antisémitisme en Russie, de Catherine II à Poutine</cite>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Tallandier" title="Éditions Tallandier">Tallandier</a>, <time>2014</time>, 448 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/979-10-210-0237-1" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/979-10-210-0237-1"><span class="nowrap">979-10-210-0237-1</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=aOWbBAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT81">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27antis%C3%A9mitisme+en+Russie%2C+de+Catherine+II+%C3%A0+Poutine&rft.pub=Tallandier&rft.aulast=Marie&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft.date=2014&rft.tpages=448&rft.isbn=979-10-210-0237-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Galai-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Galai_66-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Galai2002"><span class="ouvrage" id="Shmuel_Galai2002">Shmuel Galai, <cite class="italique">The Liberation Movement in Russia 1900-1905</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <time>2002</time>, 336 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-521-52647-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-521-52647-0"><span class="nowrap">978-0-521-52647-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=ajQ0Y5b5cSMC&pg=PA177">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberation+Movement+in+Russia+1900-1905&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Galai&rft.aufirst=Shmuel&rft.date=2002&rft.tpages=336&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52647-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="WolffSteinberg2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_WolffJohn_W._Steinberg2006">David Wolff et John W. Steinberg, <cite class="italique">The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective : World War Zero</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, BRILL, <time>2006</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-90-04-15416-2" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-90-04-15416-2"><span class="nowrap">978-90-04-15416-2</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=uj7kuZOfkAUC&pg=PAPT71">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russo-Japanese+War+in+Global+Perspective&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.stitle=World+War+Zero&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=John+W.+Steinberg&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=2&rft.isbn=978-90-04-15416-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Carrère_d'Encausse2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hélène_Carrère_d'Encausse2005">Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, <cite class="italique">L'Empire d'Eurasie : Une histoire de l'Empire Russe de 1552 à nos jours</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Librairie_Arth%C3%A8me_Fayard" title="Librairie Arthème Fayard">Fayard</a>, <time>2005</time>, 506 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-213-64973-3" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-213-64973-3"><span class="nowrap">978-2-213-64973-3</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=uj7kuZOfkAUC&pg=PAPT71">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Empire+d%27Eurasie+%3A+Une+histoire+de+l%27Empire+Russe+de+1552+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.au=H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Carr%C3%A8re+d%27Encausse&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=506&rft.isbn=978-2-213-64973-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Kuropatkin1909"><span class="ouvrage" id="A.N._Kuropatkin1909">A.N. Kuropatkin, <cite class="italique">The Russian army and the Japanese war</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 2, New York, E.P. Dutton, <time>1909</time>, 348 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-5-88026-902-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-5-88026-902-0"><span class="nowrap">978-5-88026-902-0</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=8DATAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russian+army+and+the+Japanese+war&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=E.P.+Dutton&rft.aulast=Kuropatkin&rft.aufirst=A.N.&rft.date=1909&rft.volume=2&rft.tpages=348&rft.isbn=978-5-88026-902-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ilʹich_Lenin1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="Vladimir_Ilʹich_Lenin1964">Vladimir Ilʹich Lenin, <cite class="italique">Œuvres</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 8, Éditions Sociales, <time>1964</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=yAAZAQAAIAAJ&dq=mi-septembre&pg=PA598">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Sociales&rft.au=Vladimir+Il%CA%B9ich+Lenin&rft.date=1964&rft.volume=8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=13" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1903?uselang=fr">1903</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wikisource"><a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:1903" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:1903">1903</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikisource</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=14" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bibliographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="de_Coubertin1903"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre_de_Coubertin1903"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">La Chronique de France : <abbr class="abbr" title="Quatrième">4<sup>e</sup></abbr> année 1903</cite>, Auxerre-Paris, Imprimerie A. Lanier, <time>1903</time>, 238 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/La_Chronique_de_France,_1903" class="extiw" title="s:La Chronique de France, 1903">lire sur Wikisource</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Chronique+de+France&rft.place=Auxerre-Paris&rft.pub=Imprimerie+A.+Lanier&rft.stitle=%3Cabbr+class%3D%22abbr%22+title%3D%22Quatri%C3%A8me%22%3E4%3Csup%3Ee%3C%2Fsup%3E%3C%2Fabbr%3E+ann%C3%A9e+1903&rft.au=Pierre+de+Coubertin&rft.date=1903&rft.tpages=238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3A1903"></span></span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1903&action=edit&section=15" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/date/1903/">L’année 1903</a> sur le site de la <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail du monde contemporain"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail du XXe siècle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/40px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg/60px-Concorde_on_Bristol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="535" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail:XXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Portail des années 1900"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/48px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/72px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png/95px-1906_Lambert_model_4_mirror.png 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="415" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Portail:Années 1900">Portail des années 1900</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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