CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '928edb5fce1dce62',cH: 'pw5ZsOrWajXLCxVIf__o0k.sQG8r6vzg1LaQ4dLIe_Y-1743413729-1.2.1.1-CEzpWBchlRlkgmfagZvLU4kGqzO6okMO7jAmUOSjBpwFUEtBALAmwT2K2NhwEv3O',cUPMDTk: "\/8742\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=f.LKQeArABK7B2mitaiB65cKQsdw3VHXwVp2TW96L0k-1743413729-1.0.1.1-O.oKR9QP96Ba5wfrT.8MmUQ6Xxuk3B0QhXscbi0J1WI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1743413729',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/8742\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=f.LKQeArABK7B2mitaiB65cKQsdw3VHXwVp2TW96L0k-1743413729-1.0.1.1-O.oKR9QP96Ba5wfrT.8MmUQ6Xxuk3B0QhXscbi0J1WI",md: "d.Qi.7pLGdwNafqxFesAOwF2822JftmLrPGXTbM9KaA-1743413729-1.2.1.1-ZT8GRQ0RbVa0BQZ9XWLzIZE0xUn2ZDL5n4XYwmLQHlGqs7aMqpmnSMKcLk7o30zsKvm46vXSOyH3EjTKRgIyt9JK7QJ_MeV3FHoSFPvDjtjm68F4CeUqHYQQbVj1CA86UAScL.JhPV42TNML_99ZKAowfEc7Vce_VGm8arpiS8rG0SvoTp3HD2shE1556n9b4eB4V.k8MYRqVwMQnsNzX0N_8hIs8LhqLg7Afgcv6afcxJISmQxWzVnv_FutATeSrQtFN0wSy1C1vdxv7Y02OGnnbjy1wYvXdrysS70BlhXy0LQios3vWS6l_H6ylp744xHyCoEq6llEjmtNIznhb_DWR6UojQSxqway.cc2cUU9pzQPe5XpCzsz8fvEs0zR0M9BVoYq_gJC5_sekI9RACTFPkgytovTTmN4BgnExAfSr5pYePmhBfQPcVg8sZIoEwLnaeXeQDjpJDWBwA573ZnjTOJU04LYhlWIGFCZEXVTBIJPNc4rFJAfNZ1YPbEu4YL0EoRhHYPMde2xW281eyJBQf6kPOSQVCJYmeKu7OwZ2W2bkbsqnOolpFo.S3WWD.okHAxaFqQ6fXg5esGbMQb2.2qegxJTlAmwHC7zIF_OGU9sLWmxFrNPucDU9P6Uv_FDrOBLL3InoTX6hwXTlnnq.rFr6RMCZQob595LZgKnvAonxFOpKw6yC2vrgp8c24fDv_Rg4qTuuBr_xFdF_ANjjjupjuQ1vgqQrCyPb4NtCRHMEBR6Dx5.8OL0A0NCEBoRCTnH2aJFUvbjN1Xd9lRw2.dTEQXYu9FzjzmmLAB7hZQwTRYcSnqvsXU11wlmEclS.K_YBYouUvQrgahq3Dg0geclsZnLPzna69TioRILZvv2cJZ8MuNf97Xk50PZIpZuB2iXJQZciX0IIIHDuEVNaS0kCIuzTbimGFOdSo.1BiaRQd1HY939SiT4tB_iRJOIOD564s4bGDiHsD.t8bsHbvtyOo7M6v9mGMAIdHk6Ocydoi9vJrCmP4pIXfPGmJWgf2wBeq3IdFZ3F3iFnhn.FpFTY9jo_m.B_DMOxTEIgTTyNtqGQzEEziKbovL2RxXeTs4sTTy1Q32BWXOgaX8ykrpLIyMhv.BtAsvUlrvSGTA7BuAQef4dxq18oqPdNWf6xCFEQkjj0EdeL3Tgn_Y0svDXe_9P2H9DMIYdz3gkMoPfZ79uDD7_FmuBwZvYBFcnQHrVf42bV3RPFtzyhA",mdrd: "du6oDwOkXkODMlGc4bJSTt0RxRUbu7stNKV7b4uvZac-1743413729-1.2.1.1-pKhaQa2MRezp1AKgdu_i3jQLHPJ7gowuIM_QIx6u4wg.obrU_YKV9ffM.L7r4Ggjgame3.4DQn_niBwSM9todu57uOmA7FDGdU1Xti5LQd_QlZGioA4ANQXLXrzr1f7Sz6iAK2w8s5lbtjPFhJFpMGIv6mOAyWfVIpA8gxFgd5jnfoHrMs9.lrfZU1ecCXUh0kF5PQ6zzMAdmOP6mzHTKMX.9dB6TUHEsA6XkdNVo2Ojs9OjSSQ1WIqAv0JyL.0BXto26J3FseC783B4PRoD8pVr6HdVBp.3ic4fjtVzysmxgNt2xf8Rv_e5w3o82xSB5mxtoSo0njvk87mTCoii1igQw61pAANBvb.VTOyRTWPRgStT7TYrQu5vibrW81KAuU1YdM6qdVY_2ivQz1UKqXrv.YzdSNoAwFPy2wIT9M42an6nHp__GIho.8iCcHQ5g0P7Hm1PCKLwMPs5mSMC4XqvwtjIrqtwQYD.2FtpCyW23aS5tzVXONligXPBiBoIuriym7.aYlOGdd804Op4i2NCjROwL78VAvCGNwEiqqjrjx5Al9VL_JGHFfsDKjMQ4QY_Ghnky.NyXR1mohQx45dmiiBDI9QrGmymBlJHz75Z9m5uP_C_UQ_mHZSIN7b7wNOX9h7RCIrSqsU00CUf29iVBiwccBIz54s.0kUOHf4p875YIzAT6RxmQ0AIVNE5tTeCplSvo0951Ys5u5zF8Cpc0D29qT3_QRH7hH_LQh5O7Z7q5RwZiHt87WJiH9aIJQny6DWDHDuP8mgeIIzx.4Uyc0WWX8B8G_6xTsWglwbVSUMMmICSUiNUPvoaQIoH.IFABfamuMhI7c2AefopFJ.V5x_WEFsU6X1y15M3MoDk6VV2X3nYub.cXHdT1qBwfFaSzFs0XsUcHVGubxfiGF.xiGf2kc7taqDIU3PfLfDdpzfp2mt6El2kPv4s3xAR70mrJ4h4OeQE0.u9Ja3JDCVBUDLhLvGg30y5nY3Qf7aZch8doyRq6ZcJ.ZMR_tQOJeProF7YRxFI8TOVcHlsQUgJlDwbCPXybBn0o7nF_zs3GszRraiyGxeDschRhiLF7IjIxIvS5RJOQ.3yCFhqFijRK2d9PgdkzvXmc0OPi9yjqVWTQYfKGkZYTi2rs1Q5d7Bpy1GBXO5q4oLjwE7ZEQbB8gzyhP4xtdSTjqIS.QATGPSgZEizMK5QwNFMJ1Pcv1vc5Ge3U6e6i5xV_u_538DsEq9ZLXRb1k4uYlIPPc1ONGTQuHD.z9juJGIi6rvt1O3CIGr9rQ3nb0MM2kEOUIqPmFMiLYbAYNLtbUY4vZAu1kb41yNfMYNEPVfh24kgGpBWoI6wYfyDZyvUdqN_w8.G_QlHomCO.le.yuBJXSjqQWBkU5ID0_.JALbm6X06VFuxjhKp6gBkcQsLNtMKgxmBhWAOK_XqtuCEIs8nEW.7OhyMCEYpjBCDh.CaTtxicNGh7WCqZrxeKaJikXKwubxdQrZoBYuFTUjxMqDjutQ7PM5qnqK5svbb7Y6aVP5Rr.ysCTpomV48oJJwQN5LbkzAFlF4jbwFicEY1Yx3fV0CUvlfH.pVxDVU3zL7y1VZOp214cA3ZljGOFTaJARlMgpnOFhAaSHXUC.6WzlmjfPDpTkapn8dm0rEIO9nWy8_dEMJZ7YtDQYd4Lnrb.5c2zZGzlEHp1FoSj9p7PEsvyQeN9hT1JVfBGYOK1WwdwJQzumlBGfEqf3_db7wWNzrrjeQLXpVjf6r92Vc8P3OGuPpGovhkdyNP5VhdmpbKpc0cMQHxA4_xtxWoIWaMTWC6A8lSZ8rXdpo.HhIcaIOWk6BIXCTp1ePWzD8A9.DgmxU6mWt5p5ouvhcJ9cTHMUP6P6qXcYuJJmRZGef_tMpT1zVTRutcaoJxyW9tYBMGifO_JCMNCRmngUfhzd_ow8zOO9O0N9UbktgH86eoeVapcZ1xZN9oJUu5ND1CR5fboXqjDFWaEnz3hN_zchd7hil2lXpzZlrcYnKLgLYWnaHowB4HJ_0IvqJf.s2JziJ7FpRzs2pyeLUXOIdfMHnidO_F3zzsPcqU0ZZhfJTKu2D5Mg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=928edb5fce1dce62';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/8742\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=f.LKQeArABK7B2mitaiB65cKQsdw3VHXwVp2TW96L0k-1743413729-1.0.1.1-O.oKR9QP96Ba5wfrT.8MmUQ6Xxuk3B0QhXscbi0J1WI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>