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<li id="toc-1777" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1777"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1777</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1777-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1786" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1786"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1786</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1786-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1793" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1793"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1793</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1793-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_Censors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_Censors"> <div 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federated state constitution from 1793 in Vermont, USA</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VtConstitution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/VtConstitution.png/280px-VtConstitution.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/VtConstitution.png/420px-VtConstitution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/VtConstitution.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Vellum manuscript of the Constitution of Vermont, 1777. This constitution was amended in 1786, and replaced in 1793 following Vermont's admission to the federal union in 1791.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VTconstitution.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/VTconstitution.JPG/280px-VTconstitution.JPG" decoding="async" width="280" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/VTconstitution.JPG/420px-VTconstitution.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/VTconstitution.JPG/560px-VTconstitution.JPG 2x" data-file-width="920" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Marble tablet with a passage from the Constitution of Vermont in the Hall of Inscriptions at the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_House" title="Vermont State House">Vermont State House</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Constitution of the State of Vermont</b> is the fundamental body of law of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">U.S. state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, describing and framing <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vermont" title="Government of Vermont">its government</a>. It was adopted in 1793 following Vermont's admission to the Union in 1791 and is largely based upon the 1777 <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Vermont_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the Vermont Republic">Constitution of the Vermont Republic</a> which was drafted at <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Vermont" title="Windsor, Vermont">Windsor</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Constitution_House" title="Old Constitution House">Old Constitution House</a> and amended in 1786. At 8,295 words, it is the shortest <a href="/wiki/State_constitution_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitution (United States)">U.S. state constitution</a>. Largely unchanged since 1777, Vermont's Constitution is the only active constitutional document to have been drafted and ratified outside of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1777">1777</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1777"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Vermont_(1777)" title="Constitution of Vermont (1777)">Constitution of Vermont (1777)</a></div> <p>From 1777 to 1791, Vermont was an independent country, often referred to in the present day as the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a>. During that time it was usually called the State of Vermont but sometimes called the Commonwealth of Vermont or the Republic of Vermont. Its first constitution, drafted in 1777, was among the most far-reaching in guaranteeing personal freedoms and individual rights. In particular, it banned adult slavery, saying male slaves become free at the age of 21 and females at 18. The 1777 constitution's Declaration of Rights of the Inhabitants of the State of Vermont anticipated the United States Bill of Rights by a dozen years. The first chapter, a "Declaration of Rights of the Inhabitants of the State of Vermont", is followed by a "Plan or Frame of Government" outlining the structure of governance. It provided that the governor would be elected by the freemen of the state, who could vote regardless of whether they owned property, that each town would be represented in the legislative assembly, that there would be a court of law in each county, and that the legislative assembly and the governor's council would jointly hold legislative power. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1786">1786</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1786"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1786, the Constitution was extensively revised to establish a far greater <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a> than what had prevailed under the 1777 Constitution. In particular, it forbade anyone to simultaneously hold more than one of certain offices, including those of judges, legislators, members of the governor's council, the governor, and the surveyor-general. It also provided that the legislature could no longer function as a court of appeals nor otherwise intervene in cases before the courts, as it had often done. </p><p>The 1786 Constitution continued in effect when, in 1791, Vermont made the transition from independence to the status of one of the states of the Union. In particular, the governor, the members of the governor's council, and other officers of the state, including judges in all courts, simply continued their terms of office that were already underway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1793">1793</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1793"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1793 Constitution was adopted two years after Vermont's <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">admission to the Union</a> and continues in effect, with various later amendments, to this day. It eliminated all mention of grievances against <a href="/wiki/King_George_III" class="mw-redirect" title="King George III">King George III</a> and against the State of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. In 1790, New York's legislature finally renounced its claims that Vermont was a part of New York, the cessation of those claims being effective if and when Congress decided to admit Vermont to the Union. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Conventions"></span> Vermont held constitutional conventions in 1777, 1786, 1793, 1814, 1822, 1828, 1836, 1843, 1850, 1857, and 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council_of_Censors">Council of Censors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Council of Censors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"In order that the freedom of this Commonwealth may be preserved inviolate"<sup id="cite_ref-cv1777_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv1777-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the 1777 constitution established a <b>Council of Censors</b>. This body consisted of thirteen elected members, chosen every seven years, but not from the Council or General Assembly. They were to check that "the legislative and executive branches of government have performed their duty as guardians of the people".<sup id="cite_ref-cv1777_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv1777-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also had the power to call a convention, if needed, to amend the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-cv1777_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cv1777-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This council had been based on a similar element of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Constitution_of_1776" title="Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776">Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gillies_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillies-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="1786Convention"></span> In 1786, the constitution was amended with language proposed by the 1785 Council of Censors, their first meeting, and adopted by the 1786 Constitutional Convention. The section on the Council of Censors remained generally unchanged, with only an added clarification of scope.<sup id="cite_ref-gillies_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillies-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="1793Convention"></span> In 1793, the constitution was amended with language proposed by the 1792 Council of Censors and adopted by the 1793 Constitutional Convention. The Council now had the "power to send for persons, papers, and records".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="1870Convention"></span> In 1870, the constitution was amended with language proposed by the 1869 Council of Censors, their last meeting, and adopted by the 1870 Constitutional Convention. The Council of Censors was abolished and replaced by a new procedure to amend the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-gillies_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gillies-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amending_the_constitution">Amending the constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Amending the constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_articles_and_sections_of_the_Vermont_Constitution" title="List of articles and sections of the Vermont Constitution">List of articles and sections of the Vermont Constitution</a></div> <p>The Vermont Constitution, Chapter 2, Section 72 establishes the procedure for amending the constitution. The <a href="/wiki/Vermont_General_Assembly" title="Vermont General Assembly">Vermont General Assembly</a>, the state's bi-cameral legislature, has the sole power to propose <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_amendment" title="Constitutional amendment">amendments</a> to the Constitution of Vermont. The process must be initiated by a Senate that has been elected in an "off-year", that is, an election that does not coincide with the election of the U.S. president. An amendment must originate in the Senate and be approved by a two-thirds vote. It must then receive a majority vote in the House. Then, after a newly elected legislature is seated, the amendment must receive a majority vote in each chamber, first in the Senate, then in the House. The proposed amendment must then be presented to the voters as a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> and receive a majority of the votes cast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1990s_revision_to_gender-neutral_language">1990s revision to gender-neutral language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s revision to gender-neutral language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1991 and again in 1993, the Vermont General Assembly approved a constitutional amendment authorizing the justices of the Vermont Supreme Court to revise the Constitution in "gender-inclusive" language, replacing gender-specific terms. (Examples: "men" and "women" were replaced by "persons", and the "Freeman's Oath," required of all newly registered voters in the state, was renamed the "<a href="/wiki/Voters%27_Oath" class="mw-redirect" title="Voters' Oath">Voters' Oath</a>"). The revision was ratified by the voters in the general election of November 8, 1994. Vermont is one of six states whose constitutions are written in gender-neutral language.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_in_Vermont" title="Impeachment in Vermont">Impeachment in Vermont</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-755005_ITM">"State constitutional reform: Is it necessary?"</a> Hammonds, C.W. (2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDinan2006" class="citation book cs1">Dinan, John J. (14 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jd2mEAAAQBAJ&dq=Constitutional+Convention+Vermont+1777+1814&pg=PA9"><i>The American State Constitutional Tradition</i></a>. University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1689-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1689-3"><bdi>978-0-7006-1689-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+State+Constitutional+Tradition&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1689-3&rft.aulast=Dinan&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJd2mEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DConstitutional%2BConvention%2BVermont%2B1777%2B1814%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cv1777-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cv1777_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv1777_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cv1777_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228110403/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx">"1777 Constitution, Section XLIV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Vermont">State of Vermont</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx">the original</a> on 2019-12-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1777+Constitution%2C+Section+XLIV&rft.pub=State+of+Vermont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.vt.us%2Farchives-records%2Fstate-archives%2Fgovernment-history%2Fvermont-constitutions%2F1777-constitution.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gillies-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gillies_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillies_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gillies_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillies1991" class="citation book cs1">Gillies, Paul, ed. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/46721/Council_of_Censors.pdf"><i>Records of the Council of Censors of the State of Vermont</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/media/46721/Council_of_Censors.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Records+of+the+Council+of+Censors+of+the+State+of+Vermont&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.vt.us%2Fmedia%2F46721%2FCouncil_of_Censors.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425172504/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1786-constitution.aspx">"1786 Constitution, Section XL"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Vermont">State of Vermont</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1786-constitution.aspx">the original</a> on 2019-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1786+Constitution%2C+Section+XL&rft.pub=State+of+Vermont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.vt.us%2Farchives-records%2Fstate-archives%2Fgovernment-history%2Fvermont-constitutions%2F1786-constitution.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718004642/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1793-constitution.aspx">"1793 Constitution, Section 43"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Vermont">State of Vermont</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1793-constitution.aspx">the original</a> on 2014-07-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1793+Constitution%2C+Section+43&rft.pub=State+of+Vermont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.state.vt.us%2Farchives-records%2Fstate-archives%2Fgovernment-history%2Fvermont-constitutions%2F1793-constitution.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+Vermont" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/governance/constitution/pdf/1991-11.pdf">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> Vermont State Archives: 1991: Proposal 11 Subject: Gender inclusive language</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_Vermont&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_State_of_Vermont" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of the State of Vermont">Constitution of the State of Vermont</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/constitution-of-the-state-of-vermont/">Full text of the Constitution of Vermont</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191228110403/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1777-constitution.aspx">The Vermont State Archives text of the Vermont Republic Constitution, 1777</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1786-constitution.aspx">The Vermont State Archives text of the 1786 Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425172504/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1786-constitution.aspx">Archived</a> 2019-04-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1793-constitution.aspx">The Vermont State Archives text of the 1793 Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140718004642/https://www.sec.state.vt.us/archives-records/state-archives/government-history/vermont-constitutions/1793-constitution.aspx">Archived</a> 2014-07-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dhca.state.vt.us/HistoricSites/html/constitution.html">Visit the birthplace of Vermont and its Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902012536/http://www.dhca.state.vt.us/HistoricSites/html/constitution.html">Archived</a> 2006-09-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070310141109/http://www.thearchivalimage.com/detail.php?printNo=111">See the original Constitution manuscript</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vermont" title="Template:Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vermont" title="Template talk:Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Vermont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Valley" title="Champlain Valley">Champlain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountains" title="Green Mountains">Green Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mansfield" title="Mount Mansfield">Mount Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Kingdom" title="Northeast Kingdom">Northeast Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Vermont" title="List of counties in Vermont">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addison_County,_Vermont" title="Addison County, Vermont">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington_County,_Vermont" title="Bennington County, Vermont">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonia_County,_Vermont" title="Caledonia County, Vermont">Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chittenden_County,_Vermont" title="Chittenden County, Vermont">Chittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Vermont" title="Essex County, Vermont">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Vermont" title="Franklin County, Vermont">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Isle_County,_Vermont" title="Grand Isle County, Vermont">Grand Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamoille_County,_Vermont" title="Lamoille County, Vermont">Lamoille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Vermont" title="Orange County, Vermont">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_County,_Vermont" title="Orleans County, Vermont">Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_County,_Vermont" title="Rutland County, Vermont">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Vermont" title="Washington County, Vermont">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windham_County,_Vermont" title="Windham County, Vermont">Windham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_County,_Vermont" title="Windsor County, Vermont">Windsor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Vermont#Cities" title="List of municipalities in Vermont">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont_metropolitan_area" title="Burlington, Vermont metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Junction,_Vermont" title="Essex Junction, Vermont">Essex Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier,_Vermont" title="Montpelier, Vermont">Montpelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_(city),_Vermont" title="Newport (city), Vermont">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutland_(city),_Vermont" title="Rutland (city), Vermont">Rutland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(city),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (city), Vermont">St. Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Burlington,_Vermont" title="South Burlington, Vermont">South Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergennes,_Vermont" title="Vergennes, Vermont">Vergennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winooski,_Vermont" title="Winooski, Vermont">Winooski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Vermont#Towns" title="List of municipalities in Vermont">Towns</a><br />(pop. >5000)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barre_(town),_Vermont" title="Barre (town), Vermont">Barre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brattleboro,_Vermont" title="Brattleboro, Vermont">Brattleboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchester,_Vermont" title="Colchester, Vermont">Colchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex,_Vermont" title="Essex, Vermont">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax,_Vermont" title="Fairfax, Vermont">Fairfax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartford,_Vermont" title="Hartford, Vermont">Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon,_Vermont" title="Lyndon, Vermont">Lyndon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho,_Vermont" title="Jericho, Vermont">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlebury,_Vermont" title="Middlebury, Vermont">Middlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Vermont" title="Milton, Vermont">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morristown,_Vermont" title="Morristown, Vermont">Morristown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield,_Vermont" title="Northfield, Vermont">Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelburne,_Vermont" title="Shelburne, Vermont">Shelburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Vermont" title="Springfield, Vermont">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johnsbury,_Vermont" title="St. Johnsbury, Vermont">St. Johnsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stowe,_Vermont" title="Stowe, Vermont">Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanton_(town),_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Swanton (town), Vermont">Swanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterbury,_Vermont" title="Waterbury, Vermont">Waterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williston,_Vermont" title="Williston, Vermont">Williston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_Fair" title="Vermont State Fair">Vermont State Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Film_Festival" title="Green Mountain Film Festival">Green Mountain Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strolling_of_the_Heifers" title="Strolling of the Heifers">Strolling of the Heifers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vermont-related_articles" title="Index of Vermont-related articles">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vermont" title="Outline of Vermont">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Vermont" title="Climate change in Vermont">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vermont" title="Flag of Vermont">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vermont" title="Geography of Vermont">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Vermont" title="List of mountains of Vermont">Mountains</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vermont" title="Government of Vermont">Government</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Vermont" title="United States congressional delegations from Vermont">Delegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vermont" title="History of Vermont">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_National_Guard" title="Vermont National Guard">Vermont National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Air_National_Guard" title="Vermont Air National Guard">Vermont Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_State_Guard" title="Vermont State Guard">Vermont State Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Vermont" title="List of people from Vermont">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vermont_state_symbols" title="List of Vermont state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Vermont" title="List of tallest buildings in Vermont">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Vermont" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Vermont">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Republic" title="Vermont Republic">Vermont Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_copper" title="Vermont copper">coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Green_Mountain_Boys" title="Flag of the Green Mountain Boys">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_quarta_decima" title="Stella quarta decima">Stella quarta decima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_(Vermont)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village (Vermont)">Villages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;;width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Vermont" title="Abortion in Vermont">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Vermont" title="Cannabis in Vermont">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Vermont">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Vermont" title="Crime in Vermont">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont#Demographics" title="Vermont">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont#Economy" title="Vermont">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont#Education" title="Vermont">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vermont" title="Elections in Vermont">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Vermont" title="Gun laws in Vermont">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Vermont">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Vermont" title="Politics of Vermont">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#BBDDBB;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vermont" title="Portal:Vermont">Vermont portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_constitutions_(United_States)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Constitutions_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Constitutions of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Constitutions_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Constitutions of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Constitutions_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Constitutions of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_constitutions_(United_States)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="State constitutions (United States)">State constitutions (United States)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alabama" title="Constitution of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Alaska" title="Constitution of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Arizona" title="Constitution of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Arkansas" title="Constitution of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_California" title="Constitution of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Colorado" title="Constitution of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Connecticut" title="Constitution of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Delaware" title="Constitution of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Florida" title="Constitution of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Constitution of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Hawaii" title="Constitution of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Illinois" title="Constitution of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiana" title="Constitution of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iowa" title="Constitution of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kentucky" title="Constitution of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Louisiana" title="Constitution of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Maine" title="Constitution of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Maryland" title="Constitution of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Massachusetts" title="Constitution of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Michigan" title="Constitution of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mississippi" title="Constitution of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Missouri" title="Constitution of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Montana" title="Constitution of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a 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