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href="#Madera_Zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Madera Zone</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Madera_Zone-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Madera Zone subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Madera_Zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cueva_Grande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_Grande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cueva Grande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_Grande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_Ranchería" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Ranchería"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>La Ranchería</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cueva_de_las_Jarillas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_de_las_Jarillas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Cueva de las Jarillas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_de_las_Jarillas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Discoveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Discoveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>New Discoveries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Discoveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cueva_de_los_Fierros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_de_los_Fierros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Cueva de los Fierros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_de_los_Fierros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cueva_de_la_Puerta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_de_la_Puerta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>Cueva de la Puerta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_de_la_Puerta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cultural background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Site" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Site"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Site</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Site-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Site subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Site-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cueva_Grande_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_Grande_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cueva Grande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_Grande_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cueva_de_la_Serpiente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cueva_de_la_Serpiente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Cueva de la Serpiente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cueva_de_la_Serpiente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nido_del_Águila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nido_del_Águila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Nido del Águila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nido_del_Águila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complejo_Huapoca" title="Complejo Huapoca – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Complejo Huapoca" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1poca" title="Huápoca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Huápoca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Комплекс Уапока – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комплекс Уапока" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hu%C3%A1poca&params=29_11_21_N_108_20_35_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°11′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°20′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.18917°N 108.34306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.18917; -108.34306</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Chihuahua, Mexico</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Huápoca Complex</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Huapoca2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Huapoca2.jpg/220px-Huapoca2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Huapoca2.jpg/330px-Huapoca2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Huapoca2.jpg/440px-Huapoca2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3189" data-file-height="2113" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Huápoca Complex archaeological site</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Madera,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Madera, Chihuahua">Ciudad Madera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a>, (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9xico" class="mw-redirect" title="México">México</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hu%C3%A1poca&params=29_11_21_N_108_20_35_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°11′21″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°20′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.18917°N 108.34306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.18917; -108.34306</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Archaeology</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultures</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a> - Paquimé</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Huápoca</b> is an archaeological site located 36 kilometers west of <a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Madera,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Madera, Chihuahua">Ciudad Madera</a>, in the Huápoca Canyon region, northwest of the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua</a>. </p><p>Visitors to the Huápoca region visit the Rio Papigochi and sites such as the Aguila and Serpiente caves, the Huápoca Spa and the Huápoca bridge, with access to the archaeological sites.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecot_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Madera region, there are approximately 150 archaeological sites scattered across the cliffs. Most of them are in varying states of repair, with some damage caused by several factors, including the lack of attention, care and surveillance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Adobe floors are broken in several places, and walls are damaged with graffiti, even over old glyphs.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecot_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_regional_investigations">First regional investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First regional investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1898, Norwegian Explorer Darl Lumbholtz, provided first notices about caves in the Madera region, in the north of Sierra Tarahumara. Discovered several sites, among them Cueva del Garabato (scribble), now known as <a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsequently, several anthropologists and archaeologists briefly explored the region, focusing especially on the outskirts of Cuarenta Casas. Almost all of them published the results of their studies;<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, very little is known about the caves, exploration and systematic study is still not extensive. </p> <ul><li>H.A. Carey in 1931.</li> <li>E.B. Sayles in 1936</li> <li>A.V. Kidder in 1939,</li> <li>R.H. Lister in 1946 & 1958</li> <li>Eduardo Contreras in 1959</li> <li>Arturo Guevara in 1986,</li> <li>David Pearson, Fernando Sánchez M. and D, Phillips in 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Madera_Zone">Madera Zone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Madera Zone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madera was a sawmill that worked lumber extracted in the forests nearby; its greatest attractions are the ancient caves around the region, which served as room and shelter for inhabitants of the Paquimé culture, who built their homes within them.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several Paquimé culture archaeological zones in the area of Madera municipality. The most important caves are: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_Grande">Cueva Grande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cueva Grande"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located 66 kilometers west of Madera, on a dirt road. Cueva Grande hides within convoluted land and behind branches of trees. The mouth of the cave is obscured by a waterfall from the top of the cave to a stream.<sup id="cite_ref-Aventuras_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aventuras-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two, double-story houses (800 years old) that are good examples of the native construction techniques. There is also a round grain storage area behind the structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Aventuras_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aventuras-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_Ranchería"><span id="La_Rancher.C3.ADa"></span>La Ranchería</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: La Ranchería"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Cueva La Ranchería, it is a residential complex, larger than <a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a>. Its area is 50 meters long and 20 m wide. Most of the rooms are double-deck and large. There are also granaries (Cuexcomate) - somewhat damaged, made from adobe and straw, in which maize was stored.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_del_Puente">Cueva del Puente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cueva del Puente"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>45 kilómeters north of Madera </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuarenta_Casas">Cuarenta Casas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cuarenta Casas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cuevas El Garabato or Cueva de Las Ventanas, known as <a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a> was built between 1060 and 1205 CE, residential complex of the Paquimé culture inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This complex (located in the Garabato Creek) has an interesting number of constructions and the great cave, guarded by a small waterfall.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_de_la_Momia">Cueva de la Momia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cueva de la Momia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mummified body of an adult male, surrounded by offerings such as ceramics, stone utensils, stems and tender corn cobs (elotes) were found inside the cave. The mummy is now in the Capitan Leal Museum in Ciudad Madera. Its conservation condition is excellent.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed that the cave, located very near the Barranca Arroyo del Venado, had more mummies in good condition, but had been destroyed by irresponsible visitors. The cave is divided in two levels, the second level has more than ten rooms in optimal conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Chi_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_de_las_Jarillas">Cueva de las Jarillas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cueva de las Jarillas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg/250px-Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg/375px-Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg/500px-Cueva_de_las_Jarillas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Cueva de las Jarillas</figcaption></figure> <p>Cueva de las Jarillas is one of the largest housing caves in the Madera region in Chihuahua. Has more than 20 rooms and a Cuexcomate.<sup id="cite_ref-Absolut_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Absolut-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Discoveries">New Discoveries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Discoveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In one of the Rio Papigochi side canyons, southwest of Madera, is a complex that was inhabited by ancient communities that built homes in the caves and rock shelters. These sites are so safe that to date are virtually intact.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>None of these caves can be easily seen, the only way to know they are there, is when you are inside.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cueva_de_los_Fierros">Cueva de los Fierros</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cueva de los Fierros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in the middle of the Canyon slope in an almost vertical wall. Its size is about 30 m and has a complex of at least 10 adobe rooms, some of them in two floors. The whole has a foundation base, as a terrace, on which the rooms were built, the windows are "T" shape, typical paquimé culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Almost all rooms are partially destroyed; ceilings still preserved the original wooden structure, inside were found some stone tools such as scrapers, knives, grindstones, fragments of pottery and other objects which could not be identified. There were many olotes<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> found, evidence of corn consumptions and storage.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cueva_de_la_Puerta">Cueva de la Puerta</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cueva de la Puerta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located a few hundred meters from the first cave, also found in the middle of the canyon wall. It measures around 25 m and presents vestiges of approximately 12 rooms or enclosures, vandals or treasure hunters partially destroyed floors and walls.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It can be appreciated how ancient houses were built. For construction they used a kind of braided rods and branches of local trees, mainly tascar (local species of <a href="/wiki/Juniper" title="Juniper">Juniper</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Fraxinus" title="Fraxinus">Fraxinus</a>, over the braids they shaped the adobe walls. The braid is well preserved, still has the fiber used to fasten them. There are two types of fastening; one made with "palmilla" fiber (a species of <a href="/wiki/Agave_americana" title="Agave americana">Century Plant or agave</a> and the other with a tree branch called "sawarique". In one of the rooms, the original floor can be seen, made from adobe so well and smooth finished that it looks like cement. Roof and walls of rooms are black, probably by the accumulation of soot and smoke from fires that through hundreds of years were lit there. There is another cave in the opposite side of the canyon, is smaller with only three rooms, but very well preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Half a kilometer above is a small cave with a lonely and small house in very good condition. With an excellent view of the Canyon, probably this place was an observation or surveillance point.<sup id="cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_background">Cultural background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cultural background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png/300px-Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png/450px-Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png/600px-Oasisam%C3%A9rica-Mogoll%C3%B3n.png 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption>Mogollon and Paquimé Culture Extension</figcaption></figure> <p>Human groups of hunter-gatherers arrive in the region from the north, probably <a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Anasazi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the Sierra Madre Occidental; used plants, took advantage of smaller animal species, as turkeys; occupied the mountains and gradually dispersed in rivers, developing the Paquimé culture or "Casas Grandes", whose first settlers were collectors in the process of learning sedentary traits. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>) culture evidences have been found,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> simple ceramic fragments and other more scarce luxury type materials, characteristic of the Paquime culture. The Site constructors probably were villagers who in addition to intensively exploit the environment, as can be seen in the premises vestiges, cultivated corn, squash, and beans, therefore they established a community use system.<sup id="cite_ref-Visit_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Visit-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Important evidence exists of northern Mexico settlers, of the Casas Grandes culture, a sub-region of the Mogollon culture, that along with the Anasazi and the Hohokam comprise the Oasisamerica area. The northern cultural region is known in Mexico as "Gran Chichimeca" and in United States is called American Southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-Arq_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arq-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sites of culture are located in the State of Chihuahua; Paquimé was the head and commercial center of the region. The first settlements in this culture are dated 1000 BCE, since the late archaic); its apogee occurred between 1261 and 1300 CE, and disappeared in 1450 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Arq_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arq-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The difficult nature of this area shaped the distinctive traits of its inhabitants; who developed from nomadic hunter-gatherers to sedentary, farmed the land and animals.<sup id="cite_ref-Arq_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arq-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sites of the culture are found from the Pacific Ocean coast to the Sierra Madre Occidental, passing through all kinds of ecological and climate environment.<sup id="cite_ref-Arq_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arq-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Site">The Site</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Site"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cueva_Grande2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cueva_Grande2.jpg/250px-Cueva_Grande2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cueva_Grande2.jpg/375px-Cueva_Grande2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cueva_Grande2.jpg/500px-Cueva_Grande2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4222" data-file-height="2366" /></a><figcaption>Cueva Grande</figcaption></figure> <p>En este sitio se encuentran vestigios de la Cultura Casas Grandes. Está formado por cuevas en medio de un emplazamiento de gran espectacularidad.<sup id="cite_ref-INAH_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INAH-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site is a complex of archaeological sites near the hot springs Huapoca. The various groups construction was made with adobe and fiber reinforcement. </p><p>These caves are considered the most impressive built on cliffs. Preserved structures are complete.<sup id="cite_ref-Aventuras_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aventuras-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Huápoca caves consist of the "Serpiente" and the Nido de Aguila caves. These are considered the most impressive on a cliff. It has complete structures.<sup id="cite_ref-Aventuras_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aventuras-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both caves have magnificent views of the Huápoca Canyon.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecoad_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecoad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The site remains depict cultural construction patterns similar to the entire region.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecoad_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecoad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_Grande_2">Cueva Grande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cueva Grande"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a very large and deep cave 3 km west of river Huapoca and Spa. It is a complex of two floors. A cascade falls on the entrance of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Wikiger_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wikiger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hu%C3%A1poca&params=29_11_20.5_N_108_20_35.4_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°11′20.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°20′35.4″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.189028°N 108.343167°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.189028; -108.343167</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cueva_de_la_Serpiente">Cueva de la Serpiente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cueva de la Serpiente"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It comprises constructions in perfect preservation conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecoad_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecoad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a residential complex with about 15 rooms with the characteristic shaped "T" doors.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecot_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cave has two entrances and a passage through a rocky outcrop, accessible through a ladder.<sup id="cite_ref-Wikiger_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wikiger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hu%C3%A1poca&params=29_12_49.9_N_108_19_59.2_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°12′49.9″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°19′59.2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.213861°N 108.333111°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.213861; -108.333111</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nido_del_Águila"><span id="Nido_del_.C3.81guila"></span>Nido del Águila</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nido del Águila"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huapoca1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huapoca1.jpg/250px-Huapoca1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huapoca1.jpg/375px-Huapoca1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Huapoca1.jpg/500px-Huapoca1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>Nido del Águila</figcaption></figure> <p>This cave is composed of several small houses in a rock edge, at an elevation of two-thirds of the height of the almost vertical cliff.<sup id="cite_ref-Wikiger_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wikiger-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Is a smaller cave, with two buildings, one of at least three rooms situated on the edge of the cliff and the other a two-story room in the middle of the esplanade, in the middle of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecot_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecot-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hu%C3%A1poca&params=29_12_27.5_N_108_19_55.3_W_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">29°12′27.5″N</span> <span class="longitude">108°19′55.3″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">29.207639°N 108.332028°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">29.207639; -108.332028</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciudad_Madera,_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciudad Madera, Chihuahua">Ciudad Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chihuahua_(state)" title="Chihuahua (state)">Chihuahua (state)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Momia" title="Cueva de la Momia">Cueva de la Momia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Rancher%C3%ADa" title="Cueva de la Ranchería">Cueva de la Ranchería</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ecot-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ecot_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ecot_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ecot_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ecot_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302105813/http://www.ecoturmadera.com.mx/historia_huapoca.htm">"Circuito madera"</a> [Madera Circuit] (in Spanish). ecoturmadera.com.mx. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoturmadera.com.mx/historia_huapoca.htm">the original</a> on 2010-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circuito+madera&rft.pub=ecoturmadera.com.mx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecoturmadera.com.mx%2Fhistoria_huapoca.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mexdesc1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mexdesc1_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazcano_Sahagún1995" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lazcano Sahagún, Carlos (August 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/explorando-un-mundo-olvidado-chihuahua.html">"Explorando un mundo olvidado (Chihuahua)"</a> [Exploring a forgotten world (Chihuahua)] <span class="cs1-format">(Vol. 222)</span>. <i>México Desconocido</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9xico+Desconocido&rft.atitle=Explorando+un+mundo+olvidado+%28Chihuahua%29&rft.date=1995-08&rft.aulast=Lazcano+Sahag%C3%BAn&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mexicodesconocido.com.mx%2Fexplorando-un-mundo-olvidado-chihuahua.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chi_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enjoymexico.net/mexico/chihuahua-atracciones-arqueologicas-mexico.php">"Chihuahua, Atracciones Arqueológicas y Naturales"</a> [Chihuahua, archaeological and natural attractions]. <i>Enyoy Mexico.Net</i> (in Spanish). Chihuahua<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Enyoy+Mexico.Net&rft.atitle=Chihuahua%2C+Atracciones+Arqueol%C3%B3gicas+y+Naturales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enjoymexico.net%2Fmexico%2Fchihuahua-atracciones-arqueologicas-mexico.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aventuras-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aventuras_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aventuras_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aventuras_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aventuras_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.great-adventures.com/destinations/mexico/huapoca.html">"Cave Dwellings of the Huapoca Canyon"</a>. <i>Adventures Great and Small</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adventures+Great+and+Small&rft.atitle=Cave+Dwellings+of+the+Huapoca+Canyon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.great-adventures.com%2Fdestinations%2Fmexico%2Fhuapoca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Absolut-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Absolut_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absolut-mexico.com/chihuahua-14">"Cueva de las Jarillas"</a> (in Spanish). Absolut Mexico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cueva+de+las+Jarillas&rft.pub=Absolut+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absolut-mexico.com%2Fchihuahua-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The "olote" (náhuatl: olotl), chócolo or zuro is the residue, after removing the corn kernel.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Anasazi or Ancient Pueblo People or Ancestral Puebloans were an ancient Native American culture centered on the present-day Four Corners area of the United States, comprising southern Utah, northern Arizona, northwest New Mexico, and a lesser section of Colorado. They lived in "houses" called pueblos in which they lifted up ladders when enemies attacked when they came near. The cultural group has often been referred to in archaeology as the Anasazi, although the term is not preferred by the modern Puebloan peoples. The word Anasazi is Navajo for "Ancient Ones" or "Ancient Enemy".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100709073248/http://hewit.unco.edu/DOHIST/puebloan/begin.htm">"Ancestral Puebloans - Hewit Institute, History and Social Science, UNC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hewit.unco.edu/DOHIST/puebloan/begin.htm">the original</a> on 2010-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestral+Puebloans+-+Hewit+Institute%2C+History+and+Social+Science%2C+UNC.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhewit.unco.edu%2FDOHIST%2Fpuebloan%2Fbegin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mogollon is one of the four major prehistoric archaeological culture areas of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico. The American Indian culture known as the Mogollon lived in the southwest from approximately AD 150 until sometime between AD 1400 and AD 1450. The name Mogollon comes from the Mogollon Mountains, which were named after Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollón, Spanish Governor of New Mexico from 1712-1715.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Mogollon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Mogollon">"Mogollon"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mogollon&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DMogollon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Visit-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Visit_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101009015251/http://www.visitingmexico.com.mx/turismo-en-mexico/arqueologico/tur-arqueologico-chihuahua-cuevadelaolla.php">"Cueva de la Olla, Turismo Arqueológico en Chihuahua"</a> (in Spanish). visiting mexico.com.mx. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitingmexico.com.mx/turismo-en-mexico/arqueologico/tur-arqueologico-chihuahua-cuevadelaolla.php">the original</a> on 2010-10-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cueva+de+la+Olla%2C+Turismo+Arqueol%C3%B3gico+en+Chihuahua&rft.pub=visiting+mexico.com.mx&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitingmexico.com.mx%2Fturismo-en-mexico%2Farqueologico%2Ftur-arqueologico-chihuahua-cuevadelaolla.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arq-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arq_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arq_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arq_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arq_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCano" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cano, Olga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911022909/http://www.arqueomex.com/S8N4GVesp51.html">"Paquimé y las casas acantilado Chihuahua Número 51"</a> [Paquimé and the cliff houses, Chihuahua, number 51] (in Spanish). Arqueología Mexicana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arqueomex.com/S8N4GVesp51.html">the original</a> on 2010-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paquim%C3%A9+y+las+casas+acantilado+Chihuahua+N%C3%BAmero+51&rft.pub=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Mexicana&rft.aulast=Cano&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqueomex.com%2FS8N4GVesp51.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INAH-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-INAH_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sic.gob.mx/ficha.php?table=zona_arqueologica&table_id=180">"Conjunto Huápoca"</a> [Huápoca Complex]. <i>Conaculta</i> (in Spanish). Mexico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conaculta&rft.atitle=Conjunto+Hu%C3%A1poca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sic.gob.mx%2Fficha.php%3Ftable%3Dzona_arqueologica%26table_id%3D180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecoad-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ecoad_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ecoad_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ecoad_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610050300/http://www.ecoadventuremexico.com/chihuahua/sarqueologicos.htm">"Sitios de chihuahua"</a> [Chihuahua Sites] (in Spanish). Eco Adventure Mexico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecoadventuremexico.com/chihuahua/sarqueologicos.htm">the original</a> on 2010-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sitios+de+chihuahua&rft.pub=Eco+Adventure+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecoadventuremexico.com%2Fchihuahua%2Fsarqueologicos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wikiger-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wikiger_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wikiger_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wikiger_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complejo_Huapoca" class="extiw" title="de:Complejo Huapoca">de:Complejo Huapoca</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Wikipedia_and_sources_that_mirror_or_use_it" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (September 2015)">circular reference</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu%C3%A1poca&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110423111948/http://www.madera.gob.mx/">Municipio de Madera</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_mog.html">The Mogollon: Prehistoric Desert Peoples</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101015033736/http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/people.htm">People of the Colorado Plateau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/gicl/">National Park Service official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/firecracker/mogollon.html">Firecracker Pueblo </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711080613/http://www.gcc.com/Micrositio/libro1_cap2.htm">Los Sitios Olvidados.</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCano" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cano, Olga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100911022909/http://www.arqueomex.com/S8N4GVesp51.html">"Paquimé y las casas acantilado Chihuahua"</a> [Paquimé and the cliff houses, Chihuahua]. <i>Arqueología Mexicana</i> (in Spanish). Mexico. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arqueomex.com/S8N4GVesp51.html">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Vol. 51)</span> on 2010-09-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arqueolog%C3%ADa+Mexicana&rft.atitle=Paquim%C3%A9+y+las+casas+acantilado+Chihuahua&rft.aulast=Cano&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arqueomex.com%2FS8N4GVesp51.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHu%C3%A1poca" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cliff_dwellings" title="Template:Cliff dwellings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cliff_dwellings" title="Template talk:Cliff dwellings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cliff_dwellings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cliff dwellings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cliff_dwellings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_dwelling" title="Cliff dwelling">Cliff dwellings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings" title="Ancestral Puebloan dwellings">Ancestral Puebloan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_Arizona" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_Colorado" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_dwellings_of_Pueblo_peoples_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_New_Mexico" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_dwellings_of_Pueblo_peoples_in_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancestral_Puebloan_dwellings_in_Utah" title="List of Ancestral Puebloan dwellings in Utah">Utah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexico</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_dwellings_of_Pueblo_peoples_in_Chihuahua" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Chihuahua">Chihuahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_dwellings_of_Pueblo_peoples_in_Sonora" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ancient dwellings of Pueblo peoples in Sonora">Sonora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Eurasia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandiagara_Escarpment" title="Bandiagara Escarpment">Bandiagara Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyaju_Caves" title="Guyaju Caves">Guyaju Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petra" title="Petra">Petra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huápoca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Template talk:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pre-Columbian North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-Columbian_North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era#North_America" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_archaeological_periods_(North_America)" title="List of archaeological periods (North America)">Periods</a></i></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lithic_stage" title="Lithic stage">Lithic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Archaic_period_(North_America)" title="Archaic period (North America)">Archaic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Formative_stage" title="Formative stage">Formative</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Classic_stage" title="Classic stage">Classic</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Post-Classic_stage" title="Post-Classic stage">Post-Classic</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br /> cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adena_culture" title="Adena culture">Adena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alachua_culture" title="Alachua culture">Alachua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Beringian" title="Ancient Beringian">Ancient Beringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avonlea_culture" title="Avonlea culture">Avonlea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_culture" title="Baytown culture">Baytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_Glade_culture" title="Belle Glade culture">Belle Glade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttermilk_Creek_complex" title="Buttermilk Creek complex">Buttermilk Creek complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caborn-Welborn_culture" title="Caborn-Welborn culture">Caborn-Welborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cades_Pond_culture" title="Cades Pond culture">Cades Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_Creek_culture" title="Calf Creek culture">Calf Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caloosahatchee_culture" title="Caloosahatchee culture">Caloosahatchee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_culture" title="Clovis culture">Clovis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coles_Creek_culture" title="Coles Creek culture">Coles Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comond%C3%BA_complex" title="Comondú complex">Comondú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deptford_culture" title="Deptford culture">Deptford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_tradition" title="Folsom tradition">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient" title="Fort Ancient">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Walton_culture" title="Fort Walton culture">Fort Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacial_Kame_culture" title="Glacial Kame culture">Glacial Kame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glades_culture" title="Glades culture">Glades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohokam" title="Hohokam">Hohokam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_tradition" title="Hopewell tradition">Hopewell</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hopewell_sites" title="List of Hopewell sites">List of Hopewell sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_complex" title="La Jolla complex">La Jolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas_complex" title="Las Palmas complex">Las Palmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Archaic" title="Maritime Archaic">Maritime Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippian_culture" title="Mississippian culture">Mississippian</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mississippian_sites" title="List of Mississippian sites">List of Mississippian sites</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogollon_culture" title="Mogollon culture">Mogollon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monongahela_culture" title="Monongahela culture">Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Cordilleran_culture" title="Old Cordilleran culture">Old Cordilleran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneota" title="Oneota">Oneota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Arctic_tradition" title="Paleo-Arctic tradition">Paleo-Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleo-Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patayan" title="Patayan">Patayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_cultures" title="Plano cultures">Plano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaquemine_culture" title="Plaquemine culture">Plaquemine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point_culture" title="Poverty Point culture">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ocher_people" title="Red Ocher people">Red Ocher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor_culture" title="Safety Harbor culture">Safety Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa-Swift_Creek_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Rosa-Swift Creek culture">Santa Rosa-Swift Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Johns_culture" title="St. Johns culture">St. Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steed-Kisker_culture" title="Steed-Kisker culture">Steed-Kisker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwannee_Valley_culture" title="Suwannee Valley culture">Suwannee Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchefuncte_site#Tchefuncte_culture" title="Tchefuncte site">Tchefuncte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyville_culture" title="Troyville culture">Troyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeden_Island_culture" title="Weeden Island culture">Weeden Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Archaeological<br />sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angel_Mounds" title="Angel Mounds">Angel Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzick_site" title="Anzick site">Anzick site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandelier_National_Monument" title="Bandelier National Monument">Bandelier National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastian_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastian Site">Bastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benson_Archeological_Site_(13WD50)" title="Benson Archeological Site (13WD50)">Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Spring_Heritage_Center" title="Blue Spring Heritage Center">Blue Spring Shelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluefish_Caves" title="Bluefish Caves">Bluefish Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bluff_Point_Stoneworks" title="The Bluff Point Stoneworks">The Bluff Point Stoneworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewster Site">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahokia" title="Cahokia">Cahokia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_Cave" title="Candelaria Cave">Candelaria Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_Grande_Ruins_National_Monument" title="Casa Grande Ruins National Monument">Casa Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaco_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Chaco Culture National Historical Park">Chaco Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coso_Rock_Art_District" title="Coso Rock Art District">Coso Rock Art District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_River_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Crystal River Archaeological State Park">Crystal River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarenta_Casas" title="Cuarenta Casas">Cuarenta Casas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueva_de_la_Olla_(archaeological_site)" title="Cueva de la Olla (archaeological site)">Cueva de la Olla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutler_Fossil_Site" title="Cutler Fossil Site">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaker_site" title="Eaker site">Eaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Fin_del_Mundo" title="El Fin del Mundo">El Fin del Mundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Vallecito" title="El Vallecito">El Vallecito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_Mounds_National_Monument" title="Effigy Mounds National Monument">Effigy Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etowah_Indian_Mounds" title="Etowah Indian Mounds">Etowah Indian Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva Site">Eva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_site" title="Folsom site">Folsom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ancient_(Lebanon,_Ohio)" title="Fort Ancient (Lebanon, Ohio)">Fort Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Center" title="Fort Center">Fort Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Juelson" title="Fort Juelson">Fort Juelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mounds_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Four Mounds Site">Four Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gila_Cliff_Dwellings_National_Monument" title="Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument">Gila Cliff Dwellings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenwood_Archeological_District" title="Glenwood Archeological District">Glenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimes_Point" title="Grimes Point">Grimes Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Blazes_archaeological_site" title="Helen Blazes archaeological site">Helen Blazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holly_Bluff_site" title="Holly Bluff site">Holly Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell_Culture_National_Historical_Park" title="Hopewell Culture National Historical Park">Hopewell Culture National Historical Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horr%27s_Island" title="Horr's Island">Horr's Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Huápoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_Marco" title="Key Marco">Key Marco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_Village" title="Kimball Village">Kimball Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kincaid_Mounds_State_Historic_Site" title="Kincaid Mounds State Historic Site">Kincaid Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomoki_Mounds" title="Kolomoki Mounds">Kolomoki Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Jackson_Mounds_Archaeological_State_Park" title="Lake Jackson Mounds Archaeological State Park">Lake Jackson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehner_Mammoth-Kill_Site" title="Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site">Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynch_Quarry_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynch Quarry Site">Lynch Quarry Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marksville_culture" title="Marksville culture">Marksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmes_Rockshelter" title="Marmes Rockshelter">Marmes Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meadowcroft_Rockshelter" title="Meadowcroft Rockshelter">Meadowcroft Rockshelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesa_Verde_National_Park" title="Mesa Verde National Park">Mesa Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaning_Cavern" title="Moaning Cavern">Moaning Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorehead_Circle" title="Moorehead Circle">Moorehead Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrison_Mounds" title="Morrison Mounds">Morrison Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moundville_Archaeological_Site" title="Moundville Archaeological Site">Moundville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_Cave" title="Mummy Cave">Mummy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodena_site" title="Nodena site">Nodena site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocmulgee_Mounds_National_Historical_Park" title="Ocmulgee Mounds National Historical Park">Ocmulgee Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Stone_Fort_(Tennessee)" title="Old Stone Fort (Tennessee)">Old Stone Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orwell_Site_(Fergus_Falls,_Minnesota)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orwell Site (Fergus Falls, Minnesota)">Orwell site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casas_Grandes" title="Casas Grandes">Paquime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_Bluff" title="Painted Bluff">Painted Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_Archeological_State_Park" title="Parkin Archeological State Park">Parkin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinson_Mounds" title="Pinson Mounds">Pinson Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_Bayou_Mounds_Archeological_State_Park" title="Plum Bayou Mounds Archeological State Park">Plum Bayou Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Earthworks" title="Portsmouth Earthworks">Portsmouth Earthworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_Point" title="Poverty Point">Poverty Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Bonito" title="Pueblo Bonito">Pueblo Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassawek" title="Rassawek">Rassawek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_Canyon" title="Recapture Canyon">Recapture Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Styx_archaeological_site" title="River Styx archaeological site">River Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Island_complex" title="Roberts Island complex">Roberts Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Eagle" title="Rock Eagle">Rock Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hawk" title="Rock Hawk">Rock Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosenstock_Village_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosenstock Village Site">Rosenstock Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Cave_National_Monument" title="Russell Cave National Monument">Russell Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Ruins" title="Salmon Ruins">Salmon Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_Mound" title="Serpent Mound">Serpent Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Paintings_of_Sierra_de_San_Francisco" title="Rock Paintings of Sierra de San Francisco">Sierra de San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shell_ring_sites" title="List of shell ring sites">Shell ring sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiro_Mounds" title="Spiro Mounds">Spiro Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stallings_Island" title="Stallings Island">Stallings Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SunWatch_Indian_Village" title="SunWatch Indian Village">SunWatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taos_Pueblo" title="Taos Pueblo">Taos Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Creek_Indian_Mound" title="Town Creek Indian Mound">Town Creek Indian Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_River_Mounds_State_Preserve" title="Turkey River Mounds State Preserve">Turkey River Mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upward_Sun_River_site" title="Upward Sun River site">Upward Sun River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velda_Mound" title="Velda Mound">Velda Mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Oak_Forest_Earthlodge_Site" title="West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site">West Oak Forest Earthlodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickiup_Hill" title="Wickiup Hill">Wickiup Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windover_Archeological_Site" title="Windover Archeological Site">Windover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winterville_site" title="Winterville site">Winterville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wupatki_National_Monument" title="Wupatki National Monument">Wupatki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Human<br />remains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzick-1" title="Anzick-1">Anzick-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Springs_Man" title="Arlington Springs Man">Arlington Springs Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhl_Woman" title="Buhl Woman">Buhl Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennewick_Man" title="Kennewick Man">Kennewick Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Brea_Woman" title="La Brea Woman">La Brea Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leanderthal_Lady" title="Leanderthal Lady">Leanderthal Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Bone_Bed#Melbourne_Man" title="Melbourne Bone Bed">Melbourne Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Woman" title="Minnesota Woman">Minnesota Woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1on_woman" title="Peñon woman">Peñon woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_Cave_mummy" title="Spirit Cave mummy">Spirit Cave mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vero_man" title="Vero man">Vero man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E8E6B4;width:1%;vertical-align:top;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_drink" class="mw-redirect" title="Black drink">Black drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_pipe" title="Ceremonial pipe">Ceremonial pipe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chanunpa" title="Chanunpa">Chanunpa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chunkey" title="Chunkey">Chunkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clovis_point" title="Clovis point">Clovis point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_Revolution_(pottery)" class="mw-redirect" title="Container Revolution (pottery)">Container Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Agricultural_Complex" title="Eastern Agricultural Complex">Eastern Agricultural Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_point" title="Eden point">Eden point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effigy_mound" title="Effigy mound">Effigy mound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex#Birdman" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Falcon dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folsom_point" title="Folsom point">Folsom point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Corn_Ceremony" title="Green Corn Ceremony">Green Corn Ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_Serpent" title="Horned Serpent">Horned Serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiva" title="Kiva">Kiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_wheel" title="Medicine wheel">Medicine wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre-Columbian_America#North_America" title="Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America">Metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing">Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mound_Builders" title="Mound Builders">Mound Builders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Graves_Protection_and_Repatriation_Act" title="Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act">N.A.G.P.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasisamerica" title="Oasisamerica">Oasisamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piasa" title="Piasa">Piasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile_point" title="Projectile point">Projectile point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Ceremonial_Complex" title="Southeastern Ceremonial Complex">Southeastern Ceremonial Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbird_(mythology)" title="Thunderbird (mythology)">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_transoceanic_contact_theories" title="Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories">Transoceanic contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_panther" title="Underwater panther">Underwater panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_glyphs" title="Water glyphs">Water glyphs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E8E6B4"><div> <dl><dt>Related</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">Genetic history</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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