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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Final voyage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Final_voyage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Final voyage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Final_voyage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Round_Cape_Horn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Round_Cape_Horn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Round Cape Horn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Round_Cape_Horn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whaling_grounds_depleted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaling_grounds_depleted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Whaling grounds depleted</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Survivors</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Survivors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Survivors subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Survivors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Abandoning_the_wreck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abandoning_the_wreck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Abandoning the wreck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abandoning_the_wreck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landfall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landfall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Landfall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landfall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separation_and_cannibalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separation_and_cannibalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Separation and cannibalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separation_and_cannibalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rescue_and_reunion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rescue_and_reunion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Rescue and reunion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rescue_and_reunion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultural works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B3_(%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA)" title="إسكس (سفينة تحويت) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسكس (سفينة تحويت)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(balener)" title="Essex (balener) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Essex (balener)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(velryb%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A1_lo%C4%8F)" title="Essex (velrybářská loď) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Essex (velrybářská loď)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(Schiff,_1800)" title="Essex (Schiff, 1800) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Essex (Schiff, 1800)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballenero_Essex" title="Ballenero Essex – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ballenero Essex" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(baleinier)" title="Essex (baleinier) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Essex (baleinier)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%BD_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Էսսեքս (նավաբեկություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսսեքս (նավաբեկություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(kapal_pemburu_paus)" title="Essex (kapal pemburu paus) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Essex (kapal pemburu paus)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(baleniera)" title="Essex (baleniera) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Essex (baleniera)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(schip,_1799)" title="Essex (schip, 1799) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Essex (schip, 1799)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(1799)" title="Essex (1799) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Essex (1799)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(baleeiro)" title="Essex (baleeiro) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Essex (baleeiro)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%C2%AB%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%C2%BB" title="Крушение «Эссекса» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крушение «Эссекса»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(kitolovka)" title="Essex (kitolovka) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Essex (kitolovka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essex_(valaanpyyntialus)" title="Essex (valaanpyyntialus) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Essex (valaanpyyntialus)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Essex_(whaleship)&params=0_41_S_118_00_W_type:waterbody_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°41′S</span> <span class="longitude">118°00′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.683°S 118.000°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.683; -118.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(1799_whaleship)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Essex (1799 whaleship)">Essex (1799 whaleship)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American whaleship from Nantucket, Massachusetts</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Essex_photo_03_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Essex_photo_03_b.jpg/300px-Essex_photo_03_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Essex_photo_03_b.jpg/450px-Essex_photo_03_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Essex_photo_03_b.jpg/600px-Essex_photo_03_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="539" /></a></span><div>A whale striking <i>Essex</i> on November 20, 1820, depicted in a sketch by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Thomas Nickerson</a></div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg/107px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281819%E2%80%931820%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">United States</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Essex</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td><a href="/wiki/Amesbury,_Massachusetts" title="Amesbury, Massachusetts">Amesbury, Massachusetts</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Database_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Database-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S.</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>1799<sup id="cite_ref-Database_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Database-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Attacked and sunk by a <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>, November 20, 1820</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics <sup id="cite_ref-Hef_9–10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hef_9–10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">Whaler</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tons burthen</td><td>238 <span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">72</span>⁄<span class="den">95</span></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement#American_tons_burthen" title="Builder's Old Measurement">bm</a>)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>87 ft 7 in (26.7 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>24 ft 0 in (7.3 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth</td><td>12 ft 6 in (3.8 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Notes</td><td>Four whaleboats, 20–30 feet (6.1–9.1 m), plus one spare</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Essex</b></i> was an American <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaling ship</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, which was launched in 1799. On November 20, 1820, while at sea in the southern <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/George_Pollard_Jr." title="George Pollard Jr.">George Pollard Jr.</a>, the ship was attacked and sunk by a <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale" title="Sperm whale">sperm whale</a>. About 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) from the coast of South America, the 20-man crew was forced to make for land in three <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboats</a> with what food and water they could salvage from the wreck. </p><p>After a month at sea the crew landed on the uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a>. Three men elected to stay on the island, from which they were rescued in April 1821, while the remaining seventeen set off again for the coast of South America. The men suffered severe <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a> and exposure on the open ocean, and the survivors eventually resorted to <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibalism</a>. By the time they were rescued in February 1821, three months after the sinking of <i>Essex</i>, only five of the seventeen were alive. </p><p>First mate <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chase" title="Owen Chase">Owen Chase</a> and cabin boy <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Thomas Nickerson</a> later wrote accounts of the ordeal. The tragedy attracted international attention, and inspired <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> to write his 1851 novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ship_and_crew">Ship and crew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ship and crew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <i>Essex</i> departed from <a href="/wiki/Nantucket,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket, Massachusetts">Nantucket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, on her fateful voyage in August 1819, she was considered to be a lucky vessel, as her previous six whaling expeditions had brought in good profits.<sup id="cite_ref-nha_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was twenty years old and had been refitted during the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At only 88 feet (27 m) in length, and measuring about 239 <a href="/wiki/Builder%27s_Old_Measurement#American_tons_burthen" title="Builder's Old Measurement">tons burthen</a>, <i>Essex</i> was small for a whaling ship.<sup id="cite_ref-Hef_9–10_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hef_9–10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was equipped with five <a href="/wiki/Whaleboat" title="Whaleboat">whaleboats</a>, each about 28 ft (8.5 m) in length.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Essex</i> set sail with a crew of twenty-one men. Twelve, including the officers and two of the three boatsteerers, were born or raised in Nantucket while nine were off-islanders, of whom seven were black. The captain, 29-year-old <a href="/wiki/George_Pollard_Jr." title="George Pollard Jr.">George Pollard Jr.</a>, had sailed as <a href="/wiki/Second_mate" title="Second mate">second mate</a> of <i>Essex</i> in 1815-1816, and as <a href="/wiki/First_mate" class="mw-redirect" title="First mate">first mate</a> in 1817-1819. The first mate, 21-year-old <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chase" title="Owen Chase">Owen Chase</a>, had sailed on <i>Essex</i> in 1817-1819. The second mate was 26-year-old Matthew Joy. The three boatsteerers were Obed Hendricks and Benjamin Lawrence, both 20 years old and from Nantucket, and Englishman Thomas Chappel. At age 14, cabin boy <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Thomas Nickerson</a> was the youngest member of the crew, while at least five more were under the age of 20 (the ages of most of the black crew members not being known).<sup id="cite_ref-nha_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nha-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" width="80%" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><b>Captain</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Pollard_Jr." title="George Pollard Jr.">George Pollard</a> </td> <td>29 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>First mate</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chase" title="Owen Chase">Owen Chase</a> </td> <td>21 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Second mate</b> </td> <td>Matthew Joy </td> <td>26 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Died </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Boatsteerer</b> </td> <td>Obed Hendricks </td> <td>20 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Presumed dead </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Boatsteerer</b> </td> <td>Benjamin Lawrence </td> <td>20 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Boatsteerer</b> </td> <td>Thomas Chappel </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born England </td> <td>Survived<br />Henderson Island </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Steward</b> </td> <td>William Bond </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Presumed dead </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Cabin boy</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Thomas Nickerson</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Grew up on Nantucket </td> <td>Survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Owen_Coffin" title="Owen Coffin">Owen Coffin</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Shot and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Isaac Cole </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Massachusetts" title="Rochester, Massachusetts">Rochester, Massachusetts</a> </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Henry DeWitt </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Jumped ship </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Richard Peterson </td> <td>About 60 </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Born <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York State</a> </td> <td>Died </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Charles Ramsdell </td> <td>15 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Survived </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Barzillai Ray </td> <td>17 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born on Nantucket </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Samuel Reed </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Isaiah Sheppard </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Charles Shorter </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Lawson Thomas </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>Black </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Died and eaten </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Seth Weeks </td> <td>16 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born Barnstable, Massachusetts </td> <td>Survived<br />Henderson Island </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>Joseph West </td> <td>Age unknown </td> <td>White </td> <td>Birthplace unknown </td> <td>Presumed dead </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Seaman</b> </td> <td>William Wright </td> <td>18 </td> <td>White </td> <td>Born Barnstable, Massachusetts </td> <td>Survived<br />Henderson Island </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Final_voyage">Final voyage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Final voyage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Round_Cape_Horn">Round Cape Horn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Round Cape Horn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Essex</i> departed from Nantucket on August 12, 1819, on what was expected to be a roughly two-and-a-half-year voyage to the whaling grounds off the west coast of South America. The route towards <a href="/wiki/Cape_Horn" title="Cape Horn">Cape Horn</a> was an indirect one dictated by the prevailing winds of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>. First the ship would sail with the <a href="/wiki/Westerlies" title="Westerlies">westerlies</a> towards Europe and Africa, and then back towards South America with the northeast <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a>. There were scheduled stops at the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde Islands</a>, where the ship could be stocked with provisions more cheaply than at Nantucket.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few days into the voyage, <i>Essex</i> was hit by a sudden <a href="/wiki/Squall" title="Squall">squall</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_Stream" title="Gulf Stream">Gulf Stream</a>. She was knocked on her beam-ends and nearly sank; damages included the loss of her <a href="/wiki/Topgallant_sail" title="Topgallant sail">topgallant sail</a> and two whaleboats, with an additional whaleboat sustaining minor damage. Pollard's initial thought was to return to Nantucket for repairs, but he accepted the arguments of Chase and Joy, the first and second mates, who wished to continue to the Azores. At the Cape Verde Islands the crew were able to purchase a whaleboat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, as <i>Essex</i> sailed down the east coast of South America, three months into the voyage, the first whale was killed.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the face of strong winds from the west, <i>Essex</i> took over a month to round Cape Horn into the whaling grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">South Pacific</a>. In January 1820 she met up with other whalers from Nantucket at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_Island,_Chile" title="Santa María Island, Chile">St Mary's Island</a> off the west coast of Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaling_grounds_depleted">Whaling grounds depleted</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whaling grounds depleted"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After several months searching for whales off the coast of Chile, <i>Essex</i> sailed north and met with more success off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Peru</a>. Within two months they had killed enough whales to produce 450 barrels of oil.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1820, <i>Essex</i> hailed <i>Aurora</i>, another whaler from Nantucket, whose captain told them that another whaling ground, known as the "offshore ground", had been discovered more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) off the Peruvian coast. Pollard decided that, after making provisioning stops, he would set sail for these new grounds, rather than stay in the depleted coastal grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1820, <i>Essex</i> sailed to the Peruvian port town of <a href="/wiki/Atacames" title="Atacames">Atacames</a> (now part of Ecuador). It was here that Henry DeWitt jumped ship, leaving <i>Essex</i> with a crew of only twenty. When whales were spotted the three whaleboats, each with an officer, a boatsteerer and four crew members, would go in pursuit. Without DeWitt, there would be only two crew members left aboard <i>Essex</i>, not enough to safely handle a ship of <i>Essex</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s size and type.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repairs_and_resupply_at_the_Galápagos_Islands"><span id="Repairs_and_resupply_at_the_Gal.C3.A1pagos_Islands"></span>Repairs and resupply at the Galápagos Islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Repairs and resupply at the Galápagos Islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To restock their food supplies for the long journey, <i>Essex</i> sailed for Charles Island (later renamed <a href="/wiki/Floreana_Island" title="Floreana Island">Floreana Island</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a>. The crew needed to fix a serious leak and initially anchored off Hood Island (now known as <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1ola_Island" title="Española Island">Española Island</a>) on October 8, 1820. During a week at anchor, they captured 300 <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_tortoise" title="Galápagos tortoise">Galápagos giant tortoises</a> to supplement the ship's food stores. They then sailed for Charles Island, where on October 22 they took another sixty tortoises. The tortoises weighed between 100 and 800 pounds (45 and 363 kg) each. The sailors captured them alive and allowed some of them to roam the ship at will; the rest they kept in the hold. They believed the tortoises were capable of living for a year without eating or drinking water (though in fact the tortoises slowly starved).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While hunting on Charles Island, Chappel lit a fire as a prank. It was the height of the dry season, and the fire quickly burned out of control, surrounding the hunters and forcing them to run through the flames to escape. By the time the men returned to <i>Essex</i>, almost the entire island was burning and Pollard swore vengeance on whoever had set it. The next day, the island was still burning as the ship sailed for the offshore grounds; even after a full day of sailing, the fire was still visible on the horizon. Chappel would only admit that he had set the fire much later after <i>Essex</i> sank.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many years later, Nickerson returned to Charles Island and found a blackened wasteland; he observed "neither trees, shrubbery, nor grass have since appeared".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whale_attack">Whale attack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Whale attack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <i>Essex</i> reached the hunting grounds about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) west of the Galápagos Islands, whales still proved elusive. When they finally found a whale on November 16, 1820, it surfaced directly beneath Chase's boat. No one was injured, but the boat required repairs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At eight in the morning of November 20, 1820, the lookout sighted spouts, and the three remaining whaleboats set out to pursue a <a href="/wiki/Sperm_whale#Social_behavior" title="Sperm whale">pod</a> of sperm whales. On the <a href="/wiki/Leeward" class="mw-redirect" title="Leeward">leeward</a> side of <i>Essex</i>, Chase's whaleboat <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpooned</a> a whale, but its tail struck the boat and opened up a seam, forcing the crew to cut the harpoon line and return to <i>Essex</i> for repairs. Two miles away off the <a href="/wiki/Windward" class="mw-redirect" title="Windward">windward</a> side, Pollard's and Joy's boats each harpooned a whale and were dragged towards the horizon away from <i>Essex</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chase was repairing the damaged whaleboat on board <i>Essex</i> when the crew sighted an unusually large sperm whale bull (reportedly around 85 feet (26 m) in length) acting strangely. It lay motionless on the surface facing the ship and then began to swim towards the vessel, picking up speed by shallow diving. The whale rammed <i>Essex</i>, rocking her from side to side, and then dove under her, surfacing close on the ship's <a href="/wiki/Starboard" class="mw-redirect" title="Starboard">starboard</a> side. As its head lay alongside the <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tail" title="Tail">tail</a> by the stern, it was motionless and appeared to be stunned. Chase prepared to <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a> it from the deck when he realized that its tail was only inches from the <a href="/wiki/Rudder" title="Rudder">rudder</a>, which the whale could easily destroy if provoked by an attempt to kill it. Fearing to leave the ship stuck thousands of miles from land with no way to steer it, Chase hesitated. The whale recovered, swam several hundred yards forward of the ship, and turned to face the ship's bow.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I turned around and saw him about one hundred rods [500 m or 550 yards] directly ahead of us, coming down with twice his ordinary speed of around 24 knots (44 km/h), and it appeared with tenfold fury and vengeance in his aspect. The surf flew in all directions about him with the continual violent thrashing of his tail. His head about half out of the water, and in that way he came upon us, and again struck the ship.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Owen Chase<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The whale crushed the bow, driving the vessel backwards, and then finally disengaged its head from the shattered <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timbers</a> and swam off, leaving <i>Essex</i> quickly going down by the bow. Chase and the remaining sailors retrieved the spare whaleboat while the steward, William Bond, ran below to gather the captain's sea chest and whatever navigational aids he could find. The whaleboats of Pollard and Joy were about 2 miles (3.2 km) from <i>Essex</i> when one of the boatsteerers looked back and saw the ship falling on her beam-ends. The two boats hurriedly released their whales and rowed back to <i>Essex</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The captain's boat was the first that reached us. He stopped about a boat's length off, but had no power to utter a single syllable; he was so completely overpowered with the spectacle before him. He was in a short time, however, enabled to address the inquiry to me, "My God, Mr. Chase, what is the matter?" I answered, "We have been <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms_(M%E2%80%93Z)#S" title="Glossary of nautical terms (M–Z)">stove</a> by a whale."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Owen Chase<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The cause of the whale's aggression is not known. In <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Sea" title="In the Heart of the Sea">In the Heart of the Sea</a></i>, author <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Philbrick" title="Nathaniel Philbrick">Nathaniel Philbrick</a> speculated that it may have first struck the boat accidentally or have had its curiosity aroused by the sound of a hammer as the damaged whaleboat was being repaired. The frequency and sound of the nailing may have sounded similar to those made by bull sperm whales to communicate and <a href="/wiki/Animal_echolocation" title="Animal echolocation">echolocate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survivors">Survivors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Survivors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Abandoning_the_wreck">Abandoning the wreck</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Abandoning the wreck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Essex_Sinking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Essex_Sinking.jpg/220px-Essex_Sinking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Essex_Sinking.jpg/330px-Essex_Sinking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Essex_Sinking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Location of <i>Essex</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s sinking</figcaption></figure> <p>The crew spent the next two days salvaging what supplies remained from the waterlogged wreck of <i>Essex</i>. Three whaleboats were rigged with makeshift masts and sails were taken from <i>Essex</i>, and boards were added to heighten the <a href="/wiki/Gunwale" title="Gunwale">gunwales</a> and prevent large waves from spilling over the sides.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside Pollard's sea chest, which Bond's quick thinking had managed to save, were two sets of navigational equipment and two copies of maritime charts. These were split between Pollard's and Chase's boats; Joy's boat was left without any means of navigating except to keep within sight of the other boats.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Essex</i> sank approximately 2,000 nautical miles (3,700 km) west of South America. The officers debated which route to take towards land. Pollard favoured sailing west with the prevailing winds and current. The nearest islands to the west were <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a>, about 1,200 miles (1,900 km) away, but Pollard was afraid they would encounter <a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">cannibals</a> there and concluded that it would be better to sail to the <a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a>, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km). Chase and Joy disagreed, fearing that the Society islanders might be cannibals, and suggested sailing south for about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) and then picking up a band of variable winds to take them to the coast of Chile or Peru, all the time hoping to come across another whaleship. In fact, both the Marquesas and Society Islands would have been safe destinations, as the inhabitants were at that time friendly towards mariners, but Pollard accepted the suggestion of Chase and Joy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a> later speculated that the crew would all have survived had they followed Pollard's recommendation and sailed to the Society Islands, writing: "All the sufferings of these miserable men of the Essex might, in all human probability, have been avoided had they immediately after leaving the wreck, steered straight for <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, from which they were not very distant at the time. But they dreaded cannibals".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crew were divided between the three boats, under the command of Pollard, Chase and Joy, and on November 22, 1820, set off for land.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Never designed for long voyages, all the whaleboats had been very roughly repaired, and leaks were a constant and serious problem during the voyage. After losing a timber, the crew of one boat had to lean to one side to raise the other side out of the water until another boat was able to draw close, allowing a sailor to nail a piece of wood over the hole. Storms and rough seas frequently plagued the tiny whaleboats, and the men who were not occupied with steering and trimming the sails spent most of their time bailing water from the bilge.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food and water were <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationed</a> from the beginning, with the men first consuming the bread that had been soaked in seawater, even though it increased their thirst. After ten days of eating only meagre rations of bread, they slaughtered the first of the giant tortoises that had been salvaged from the wreck and achieved a small respite from hunger.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landfall">Landfall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Landfall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 20, exactly one month after the whale attack, with the men suffering from <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">dehydration</a> and exposure, the boats landed on uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Henderson_Island_(Pitcairn_Islands)" title="Henderson Island (Pitcairn Islands)">Henderson Island</a>, a small <a href="/wiki/Uplifted_coral_atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Uplifted coral atoll">uplifted coral atoll</a> within the modern-day British territory of the <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a>. The men incorrectly believed that they had landed on <a href="/wiki/Ducie_Island" title="Ducie Island">Ducie Island</a>, a similar atoll 220 miles (350 km) to the east. Had they landed on <a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Island" title="Pitcairn Island">Pitcairn Island</a> itself, 120 miles (190 km) to the southwest, they might have received help; the descendants of the survivors of <a href="/wiki/HMS_Bounty" title="HMS Bounty">HMS <i>Bounty</i></a>, who had famously <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">mutinied</a> in 1789, still lived there.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Henderson Island, <i>Essex</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew found food in the form of birds, eggs, crabs, fish and <a href="/wiki/Lepidium" title="Lepidium">peppergrass</a> but water proved more difficult to find, although they eventually came across a freshwater spring below the tideline. After just one week, they had largely exhausted the island's food resources. On December 26, they concluded they would starve if they remained much longer. As most of the crew prepared to set sail in the whaleboats once again, three men – William Wright, Seth Weeks and Thomas Chappel, the only white members of the crew who were not natives of Nantucket – opted to stay behind on the island. Pollard promised, if he made it back to South America, to see that they were rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pollard was true to his word, and the three men on Henderson Island were rescued by <i>Surry</i>, an Australian trading vessel, in April 1821.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_193–194_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_193–194-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Separation_and_cannibalism">Separation and cannibalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Separation and cannibalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The remaining <i>Essex</i> crewmen, now numbering seventeen in three boats, resumed their journey on December 27 with the intention of reaching <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 4, 1821, they estimated that they had drifted too far south of Easter Island and decided to make for <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Selkirk_Island" title="Alejandro Selkirk Island">Más Afuera Island</a> off the coast of Chile. On the same day they exhausted their supply of fish and birds from Henderson Island and were back on daily rations of a cup of water and three ounces of bread.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, Joy, who had been in poor health even before <i>Essex</i> left Nantucket, died; his body was consigned to the sea. Pollard's boatsteerer, Obed Hendricks, took over the command of Joy's boat.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day, Chase's boat became separated from the others during a squall.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On January 20, Richard Peterson died on Chase's boat and his body too was buried at sea.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the same day, more than 100 miles (160 km) to the north, Lawson Thomas died on Hendricks' boat. By this time the provisions on Pollard's and Hendricks' boats had almost run out, and they decided to <a href="/wiki/Custom_of_the_sea" title="Custom of the sea">eat the body</a>. Two days later Charles Shorter died and was eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within a few days Isaiah Sheppard and Samuel Reed suffered a similar fate.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the night of January 29, the boats of Pollard and Hendricks became separated. Hendricks' boat lacked any navigational equipment and he and his two remaining crew members, William Bond and Joseph West, were never seen again. Months later a whaleboat with four skeletons in it was found washed up on Ducie Island, and it was suggested that the boat was Hendricks'.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By February 6, the crew of Pollard's boat were again starving. It was decided to draw lots, and Owen Coffin was shot and eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five days later Barzillai Ray died and was eaten by Pollard and Charles Ramsdell.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the men in Chase's boat had resorted to cannibalism when Isaac Cole died on February 10.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I have no language to paint the anguish of our souls in this dreadful dilemma", Chase later recounted in his <a href="/wiki/Memoirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Memoirs">memoirs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rescue_and_reunion">Rescue and reunion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rescue and reunion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the morning of February 18, Lawrence, who was steering Chase's boat, spotted a sail a few miles distant. They managed to catch up with the vessel, which turned out to be the British ship <a href="/wiki/Indian_(1815_ship)" title="Indian (1815 ship)"><i>Indian</i></a>. Too weak to climb aboard the ship, Chase, Lawrence and Nickerson had to be lifted from their boat and carried to the captain's cabin. Later that day they came within sight of Más Afuera, the island towards which Chase had, with remarkable accuracy, been navigating. A few days later <i>Indian</i> sailed into the port of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>. The whaleboat, which was being towed behind <i>Indian</i>, was lost in a gale.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 February, ninety-three days after the sinking of <i>Essex</i>, Pollard and Ramsdell were spotted by the Nantucket whaleship <i>Dauphin</i> near St Mary's Island off the coast of Chile, where <i>Essex</i> had stopped over a year before. Pollard and Ramsdell were close to starvation, sucking on the bones of their dead shipmates and drifting in and out of consciousness when they were taken aboard <i>Dauphin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were then transferred to another Nantucket whaleship, <a href="/wiki/Two_Brothers_(ship)" title="Two Brothers (ship)"><i>Two Brothers</i></a>, which was sailing for Valparaíso. On March 17 they reached the port and were reunited with Chase, Lawrence and Nickerson, who had been recovering on the <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Constellation_(1797)" title="USS Constellation (1797)">USS <i>Constellation</i></a> under the care of the ship's surgeon. All the whaleboat survivors were Nantucketers.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 23, Chase, Lawrence, Nickerson and Ramsdell set off for Nantucket in the whaleship <i>Eagle</i>. Pollard was still too weak to make the journey and followed them aboard <i>Two Brothers</i> in May.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commander of <i>Constellation</i> arranged the rescue of the three seamen who had stayed on what they thought was Ducie Island (actually Henderson Island). He asked the captain of an Australian trading vessel <i>Surry</i>, which was returning to Australia, to stop at Ducie Island and pick up the survivors. When they found Ducie Island uninhabited, the captain of <i>Surry</i> wondered if the officers of <i>Essex</i> had confused Ducie and Henderson Islands and decided to sail on to Henderson Island, where they found Chappel, Weeks and Wright on April 9.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_193–194_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_193–194-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OwenChase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/OwenChase.jpg/170px-OwenChase.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/OwenChase.jpg/255px-OwenChase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/OwenChase.jpg/340px-OwenChase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1434" data-file-height="2334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chase" title="Owen Chase">Owen Chase</a> in later life</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg/170px-Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg/255px-Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Thomas_Nickerson_portrait.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Thomas Nickerson</a> in the 1870s</figcaption></figure> <p>Pollard returned to sea in early 1822 to captain <i>Two Brothers</i>. She was wrecked on the <a href="/wiki/French_Frigate_Shoals" title="French Frigate Shoals">French Frigate Shoals</a> to the northwest of the <a href="/wiki/Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandwich Islands">Sandwich Islands</a> during Pollard's first voyage as her captain. The crew, which included Nickerson and Ramsdell, took to two whaleboats and were picked up the following day by the whaleship <i>Martha</i>, who had been sailing with them. This wreck was to end Pollard's whaling career; he was considered a doomed captain, or "Jonah", whom no whaleship owner would trust with a vessel. After one voyage aboard a <a href="/wiki/Merchant_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant Navy">merchant vessel</a>, he retired from the sea and became a night watchman on Nantucket. Every year on November 20, the anniversary of the sinking of <i>Essex</i>, he would lock himself in his room and observe a <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in Nantucket on January 7, 1870, aged 78.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chase returned to Nantucket on June 11, 1821, to find he had a 14-month-old daughter he had never met. Four months later he had completed an account of the disaster, the <i>Narrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whale-Ship Essex</i>; Herman Melville used it as one of the inspirations for his 1851 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i>. Chase then sailed as first mate on the whaleship <i>Florida</i>, returning to Nantucket in 1823. His wife died after the birth of their third child, and he married the widow of former <i>Essex</i> mate Matthew Joy. He then captained the <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="New Bedford">New Bedford</a> whaleship <i>Winslow</i> and the Nantucket whaleship <i>Charles Carroll</i>, in which he owned a share. Chase married again after the death of his second wife, only to divorce his third wife when he found out she had given birth sixteen months after he had last seen her, although he subsequently brought up the child as his own. In September 1840, two months after the divorce was finalized, he married for the fourth and final time and retired from whaling.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chase died in Nantucket on March 7, 1869, aged 73. </p><p>Lawrence captained the whaleships <i>Dromo</i> and <i>Huron</i> before retiring and buying a small farm at Siasconset on Nantucket.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_217-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on Nantucket on March 28, 1879, aged 80.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramsdell captained the whaleship <i>General Jackson</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_217-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on Nantucket on July 8, 1866, aged 62.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nickerson became a captain in the merchant service and moved to <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_217-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Late in his life he returned to Nantucket, where he ran a <a href="/wiki/Boarding_house" title="Boarding house">boarding house</a> for summer visitors and wrote an account of the sinking, titled <i>The Loss of the Ship "Essex" Sunk by a Whale and the Ordeal of the Crew in Open Boats</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nickerson wrote this account fifty-six years after the sinking, in 1876, and it was lost until 1960; the <a href="/wiki/Nantucket_Historical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Nantucket Historical Association">Nantucket Historical Association</a> published it in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died in February 1883, aged 77. </p><p>The three men, Chappel, Weeks and Wright, who had been rescued from Henderson Island continued to work as crew members of their rescue ship <i>Surry</i> before making their way back to England and the United States. Chappel retired from sailing and became a missionary; he died of plague fever in <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>. Wright was lost at sea in a hurricane in the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Weeks retired to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>, where he died on September 12, 1887, having outlived the rest of the <i>Essex</i> survivors.<sup id="cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philbrick_2001_217-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_works">Cultural works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cultural works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As well as inspiring much of American author Herman Melville's classic 1851 novel <i>Moby-Dick</i>, the story of the <i>Essex</i> tragedy has been dramatized in film, television, and music: </p> <ul><li>The dramatized documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Whale" title="Revenge of the Whale">Revenge of the Whale</a></i> (2001), was produced and broadcast on September 7, 2001, by <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The television movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Whale_(2013_film)" title="The Whale (2013 film)">The Whale</a></i> (2013) was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> on December 22, wherein an elderly Thomas Nickerson (played by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a>) recounted the events of <i>Essex</i>. Charles Furness played the younger Nickerson, <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Armstrong" title="Jonas Armstrong">Jonas Armstrong</a> played Owen Chase, and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Rayner" title="Adam Rayner">Adam Rayner</a> played Captain Pollard.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2015 film <i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Sea_(film)" title="In the Heart of the Sea (film)">In The Heart of the Sea</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Ron_Howard" title="Ron Howard">Ron Howard</a>, was based on Nathaniel Philbrick's book of the same name. <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hemsworth" title="Chris Hemsworth">Chris Hemsworth</a> starred as Owen Chase and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Walker_(actor)" title="Benjamin Walker (actor)">Benjamin Walker</a> as Captain Pollard. <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tom_Holland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Holland (actor)">Tom Holland</a> portrayed the elder and younger Nickerson, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custom_of_the_sea" title="Custom of the sea">Custom of the sea</a>, a commonly used euphemism for maritime survival cannibalism</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Dudley_and_Stephens" title="R v Dudley and Stephens">R v Dudley and Stephens</a></i> (1884), a case involving cannibalism out of necessity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_frigate_M%C3%A9duse_(1810)" title="French frigate Méduse (1810)">French frigate <i>Méduse</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_cannibalism" title="List of incidents of cannibalism">List of incidents of cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_disappeared_mysteriously_at_sea" title="List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea">List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Database-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Database_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Database_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403060420/http://nmdl.org/aowv/whvessel.cfm?alpha=E">"<i>Essex</i> (whaler)"</a>. <i>National Maritime Digital Library</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nmdl.org/aowv/whvessel.cfm?alpha=E">the original</a> on 3 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Maritime+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Essex+%28whaler%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnmdl.org%2Faowv%2Fwhvessel.cfm%3Falpha%3DE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hef_9–10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hef_9–10_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hef_9–10_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeffernan1990">Heffernan 1990</a>, pp. 9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nha-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nha_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nha_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://essex.nha.org/the-whaleship-essex/">"Stove by a Whale: 20 Men, 3 Boats, 96 Days"</a>. <i>Nantucket Historical Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nantucket+Historical+Association&rft.atitle=Stove+by+a+Whale%3A+20+Men%2C+3+Boats%2C+96+Days&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fessex.nha.org%2Fthe-whaleship-essex%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 241, citing original 1799 specifications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1965">Chase 1965</a>, p. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 40–45</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 67–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1821">Chase 1821</a>, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 74–75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 79–80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 80–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1821">Chase 1821</a>, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 83–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1821">Chase 1821</a>, p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 86–87, 255–56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 90–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 105</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 95–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGussow2000" class="citation news cs1">Gussow, Mel (1 August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/01/books/resurrecting-the-tale-that-inspired-and-sank-melville.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"Resurrecting The Tale That Inspired and Sank Melville"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Resurrecting+The+Tale+That+Inspired+and+Sank+Melville&rft.date=2000-08-01&rft.aulast=Gussow&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F08%2F01%2Fbooks%2Fresurrecting-the-tale-that-inspired-and-sank-melville.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 111–113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 145–147</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philbrick_2001_193–194-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_193–194_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_193–194_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 193–194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 164–167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 173–174, 196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 176</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChase1821">Chase 1821</a>, p. 118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 185–187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 187–189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 190–192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 207–212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:N7VC-8SM">"LDS family record"</a>. <i>familysearch.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=familysearch.org&rft.atitle=LDS+family+record&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AN7VC-8SM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 212–216</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Philbrick_2001_217-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Philbrick_2001_217_54-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, p. 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGQ-39PT">"LDS Family Search"</a>. <i>familysearch.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=familysearch.org&rft.atitle=LDS+Family+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQVGQ-39PT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NWV2-PLV">"LDS Family Search"</a>. <i>familysearch.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=familysearch.org&rft.atitle=LDS+Family+Search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3ANWV2-PLV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. 228–229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilbrick2001">Philbrick 2001</a>, pp. xiii–xiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVVQ-VBGF">"LDS family search"</a>. <i>familysearch.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=familysearch.org&rft.atitle=LDS+family+search&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffamilysearch.org%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQVVQ-VBGF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0302971/"><i>Revenge of the Whale (2001)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123537714#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01mq8zp">"The Whale"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=The+Whale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp01mq8zp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1390411/"><i>In the Heart of the Sea (2015)</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15079316#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase1821" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Owen_Chase" title="Owen Chase">Chase, Owen</a> (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141130024802/http://mysite.du.edu/~ttyler/ploughboy/1821%20-%20Owen%20Chase%20-%20Essex%20Narrative.htm"><i>Narrative of the Most Extraordinary and Distressing Shipwreck of the Whale-Ship </i>Essex<i><span></span></i></a>. New York: WB Gilley. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12217894">12217894</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mysite.du.edu/~ttyler/ploughboy/1821%20-%20Owen%20Chase%20-%20Essex%20Narrative.htm">the original</a> on 2014-11-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+Most+Extraordinary+and+Distressing+Shipwreck+of+the+Whale-Ship+Essex&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=WB+Gilley&rft.date=1821&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12217894&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmysite.du.edu%2F~ttyler%2Fploughboy%2F1821%2520-%2520Owen%2520Chase%2520-%2520Essex%2520Narrative.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span> republished in 1965 as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase1965" class="citation book cs1">Chase, Owen (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wreckofwhaleship00owen"><i>The Wreck of the Whaleship Essex</i></a>. Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wreck+of+the+Whaleship+Essex&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwreckofwhaleship00owen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffernan1990" class="citation book cs1">Heffernan, Thomas Farel (1990) [1981]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qgaD97DaxfQC&pg=PP1"><i>Stove by a Whale: Owen Chase and the Essex</i></a>. Middletown, CT: <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_University_Press" title="Wesleyan University Press">Wesleyan University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0819562440" title="Special:BookSources/0819562440"><bdi>0819562440</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stove+by+a+Whale%3A+Owen+Chase+and+the+Essex&rft.place=Middletown%2C+CT&rft.pub=Wesleyan+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0819562440&rft.aulast=Heffernan&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Farel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqgaD97DaxfQC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilbrick2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Philbrick" title="Nathaniel Philbrick">Philbrick, Nathaniel</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/inheartofseatra00phil"><i>In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex</i></a></span>. New York: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-100182-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-100182-8"><bdi>0-14-100182-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/46949818">46949818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Heart+of+the+Sea%3A+The+Tragedy+of+the+Whaleship+Essex&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F46949818&rft.isbn=0-14-100182-8&rft.aulast=Philbrick&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finheartofseatra00phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarp1983" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Karp" title="Walter Karp">Karp, Walter</a> (April 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/content/essex-disaster?page=show">"The Essex Disaster"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a></i>. <b>34</b>: 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=The+Essex+Disaster&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1983-04&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fcontent%2Fessex-disaster%3Fpage%3Dshow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickerson1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nickerson" title="Thomas Nickerson">Nickerson, Thomas</a> (1984) [1876]. <i>The Loss of the Ship </i>Essex<i> Sunk by a Whale and the Ordeal of the Crew in Open Boats</i>. Nantucket: Nantucket Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11613950">11613950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Loss+of+the+Ship+Essex+Sunk+by+a+Whale+and+the+Ordeal+of+the+Crew+in+Open+Boats&rft.place=Nantucket&rft.pub=Nantucket+Historical+Society&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11613950&rft.aulast=Nickerson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEssex+%28whaleship%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Essex_(whaleship)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/subjects/essex_(whaleship)">Works about the <i>Essex</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1820" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_in_1820" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1820" title="List of shipwrecks in 1820">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1820</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shipwrecks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">11 Jan: <a href="/wiki/USS_Lynx_(1814)" title="USS Lynx (1814)">USS <i>Lynx</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">12 Jan: <a href="/wiki/Lord_Cathcart_(1807_Hull_ship)" title="Lord Cathcart (1807 Hull ship)"><i>Lord Cathcart</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Jan: <a href="/wiki/Picton_(1815_ship)" title="Picton (1815 ship)"><i>Picton</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 Apr: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Echo_(1797)" title="HMS Echo (1797)"><i>Echo</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">9 May: <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(1801_ship)" title="Atlas (1801 ship)"><i>Atlas</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 May: <a href="/wiki/Alligator_(1793_ship)" title="Alligator (1793 ship)"><i>Alligator</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 May: <a href="/wiki/Pilot_(1813_ship)" title="Pilot (1813 ship)"><i>Pilot</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6 Jul: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Carron_(1813)" title="HMS Carron (1813)">HMS <i>Carron</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Wanstead_(1802_ship)" title="Wanstead (1802 ship)"><i>Wanstead</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Grant_(1798_ship)" title="Grant (1798 ship)"><i>Grant</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Sep: <a href="/wiki/Princess_Charlotte_(1819_brig)" title="Princess Charlotte (1819 brig)"><i>Princess Charlotte</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">September (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/Duckenfield_Hall_(1783_ship)" title="Duckenfield Hall (1783 ship)"><i>Duckenfield Hall</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Oct: <a href="/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh_(1803_ship)" title="City of Edinburgh (1803 ship)"><i>City of Edinburgh</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">October (unknown date): <a href="/wiki/Diana_(1818_ship)" title="Diana (1818 ship)"><i>Diana</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">20 Nov: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Essex</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">25 Nov: <a href="/wiki/Abeona_(1811_ship)" title="Abeona (1811 ship)"><i>Abeona</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">13 Dec: <a href="/wiki/PS_Comet" title="PS Comet"><i>Comet</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Unknown date: <a href="/wiki/Larkins_(1808_ship)" title="Larkins (1808 ship)"><i>Larkins</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Paragon_(1801_ship)" title="Paragon (1801 ship)"><i>Paragon</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">March (early): <a href="/wiki/Antelope_(1802_slave_ship)" title="Antelope (1802 slave ship)"><i>Antelope</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">23 Mar: <a href="/wiki/Antelope_(1802_slave_ship)" title="Antelope (1802 slave ship)"><i>Antelope</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 May: <a href="/wiki/Martha_(1810_ship)" title="Martha (1810 ship)"><i>Martha</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 Jun: <a href="/wiki/Antelope_(1802_slave_ship)" title="Antelope (1802 slave ship)"><i>Antelope</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">5–6 November: <a href="/wiki/Callao_affair" title="Callao affair">Callao affair</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1819" title="List of shipwrecks in 1819">1819</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1819" title="List of shipwrecks in 1819"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1821" title="List of shipwrecks in 1821"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1821" title="List of shipwrecks in 1821">1821</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Herman_Melville&#039;s_Moby-Dick_(1851)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moby-Dick" title="Template:Moby-Dick"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moby-Dick" title="Template talk:Moby-Dick"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moby-Dick" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moby-Dick"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Herman_Melville&#039;s_Moby-Dick_(1851)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i> (1851)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moby-Dick_characters" title="List of Moby-Dick characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(whale)" title="Moby Dick (whale)">Moby Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Ahab" title="Captain Ahab">Captain Ahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_(Moby-Dick)" title="Ishmael (Moby-Dick)">Ishmael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queequeg" title="Queequeg">Queequeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Mapple" title="Father Mapple">Father Mapple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulkington_(character_Moby-Dick)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulkington (character Moby-Dick)">Bulkington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pip_(Moby-Dick_character)" title="Pip (Moby-Dick character)">Pip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pequod_(Moby-Dick)" title="Pequod (Moby-Dick)">Pequod</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chapters and<br />special subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cetology_of_Moby-Dick" title="Cetology of Moby-Dick">Cetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-Fish_and_Loose-Fish" title="Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish">Fast-Fish and Loose-Fish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Moby-Dick" title="Adaptations of Moby-Dick">Adaptations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Beast_(1926_film)" title="The Sea Beast (1926 film)">The Sea Beast</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1930_film)" title="Moby Dick (1930 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1956_film)" title="Moby Dick (1956 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(unfinished_film)" title="Moby Dick (unfinished film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1971; unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1978_film)" title="Moby Dick (1978 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(2010_film)" title="Moby Dick (2010 film)">Moby Dick</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(Hallmark_Hall_of_Fame)" title="Moby Dick (Hallmark Hall of Fame)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_-_Rehearsed_(TV_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby Dick - Rehearsed (TV play)">Moby Dick - Rehearsed</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakugei:_Legend_of_the_Moby_Dick" title="Hakugei: Legend of the Moby Dick">Hakugei: Legend of the Moby Dick</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(1998_miniseries)" title="Moby Dick (1998 miniseries)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(2011_miniseries)" title="Moby Dick (2011 miniseries)">Moby Dick</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick%E2%80%94Rehearsed" title="Moby Dick—Rehearsed">Moby Dick—Rehearsed</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_(musical)" title="Moby Dick (musical)">Moby Dick</a></i> (1990 musical)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick_(opera)" title="Moby-Dick (opera)">Moby-Dick</a></i> (2010 opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick_(2019_musical)" title="Moby-Dick (2019 musical)">Moby-Dick</a></i> (2019 musical)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Dragons" title="Age of the Dragons">Age of the Dragons</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Call_of_the_Wretched_Sea" title="The Call of the Wretched Sea">The Call of the Wretched Sea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capitaine_Achab" title="Capitaine Achab">Capitaine Achab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dopey_Dick_the_Pink_Whale" class="mw-redirect" title="Dopey Dick the Pink Whale">Dopey Dick the Pink Whale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicky_Moe" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicky Moe">Dicky Moe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Mastodon_album)" title="Leviathan (Mastodon album)">Leviathan</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6bius_Dick_(Futurama)" title="Möbius Dick (Futurama)">Möbius Dick</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_and_Mighty_Mightor" title="Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor">Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Railsea" title="Railsea">Railsea</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moby_Dick_Coin" title="Moby Dick Coin">Moby Dick Coin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mocha_Dick" title="Mocha Dick">Mocha Dick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Essex</i></a> (whaleship)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Shadows,_White_Whale" title="Green Shadows, White Whale">Green Shadows, White Whale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Whale_(2013_film)" title="The Whale (2013 film)"><i>The Whale</i></a> (TV film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Sea" title="In the Heart of the Sea"><i>In the Heart of the Sea</i></a> (book)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Sea_(film)" title="In the Heart of the Sea (film)"><i>In the Heart of the Sea</i></a> (film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368833#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368833#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/548306/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4606076-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Essex (Whaleship)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80108840">United States</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Essex (Ship : 1806)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91055118">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135673753">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135673753">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an60596952">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX236879">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6073742">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000845735">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810551687905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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