Soft Matter Home-An interdisciplinary journal focusing on innovative soft matter topics through original research and reviews.<br/><br/>Editor-in-chief: Alfred Crosby<br/>Impact factor: 2.9<br/>Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 36 days

<!DOCTYPE html>   <html lang="en">  <head id="Head1"> <title> Soft Matter  Home-An interdisciplinary journal focusing on innovative soft matter topics through original research and reviews.<br/><br/>Editor-in-chief: Alfred Crosby<br/>Impact factor: 2.9<br/>Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 36 days </title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979","applicationID":"1313546638","transactionName":"M1wANxQFCEcDVU0PWgoWLzUlSyxbF0RXB1kXeg0NEhYJWA5TS0lfC0wQDQcID0cRQ1wV","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":34,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1386013924",accountID:"2851366",trustKey:"1029994",xpid:"Vg4CUFVVDhABV1BRAgUBUFcJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-aaa897feae8feeca979",applicationID:"1313546638"};window.NREUM||(NREUM={}),__nr_require=function(t,e,n){function r(n){if(!e[n]){var o=e[n]={exports:{}};t[n][0].call(o.exports,function(e){var o=t[n][1][e];return r(o||e)},o,o.exports)}return e[n].exports}if("function"==typeof __nr_require)return __nr_require;for(var o=0;o<n.length;o++)r(n[o]);return r}({1:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){try{s.console&&console.log(t)}catch(e){}}var o,i=t("ee"),a=t(31),s={};try{o=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(s.console=!0,o.indexOf("dev")!==-1&&(s.dev=!0),o.indexOf("nr_dev")!==-1&&(s.nrDev=!0))}catch(c){}s.nrDev&&i.on("internal-error",function(t){r(t.stack)}),s.dev&&i.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){r(n.stack)}),s.dev&&(r("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),r("flags: "+a(s,function(t,e){return t}).join(", ")))},{}],2:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r,s){try{l?l-=1:o(s||new UncaughtException(t,e,n),!0)}catch(f){try{i("ierr",[f,c.now(),!0])}catch(d){}}return"function"==typeof u&&u.apply(this,a(arguments))}function UncaughtException(t,e,n){this.message=t||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=e,this.line=n}function o(t,e){var n=e?null:c.now();i("err",[t,n])}var i=t("handle"),a=t(32),s=t("ee"),c=t("loader"),f=t("gos"),u=window.onerror,d=!1,p="nr@seenError";if(!c.disabled){var l=0;c.features.err=!0,t(1),window.onerror=r;try{throw new Error}catch(h){"stack"in h&&(t(14),t(13),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7),c.xhrWrappable&&t(15),d=!0)}s.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){d&&(l+=1)}),s.on("fn-err",function(t,e,n){d&&!n[p]&&(f(n,p,function(){return!0}),this.thrown=!0,o(n))}),s.on("fn-end",function(){d&&!this.thrown&&l>0&&(l-=1)}),s.on("internal-error",function(t){i("ierr",[t,c.now(),!0])})}},{}],3:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("loader");r.disabled||(r.features.ins=!0)},{}],4:[function(t,e,n){function r(){U++,L=g.hash,this[u]=y.now()}function o(){U--,g.hash!==L&&i(0,!0);var t=y.now();this[h]=~~this[h]+t-this[u],this[d]=t}function i(t,e){E.emit("newURL",[""+g,e])}function a(t,e){t.on(e,function(){this[e]=y.now()})}var s="-start",c="-end",f="-body",u="fn"+s,d="fn"+c,p="cb"+s,l="cb"+c,h="jsTime",m="fetch",v="addEventListener",w=window,g=w.location,y=t("loader");if(w[v]&&y.xhrWrappable&&!y.disabled){var x=t(11),b=t(12),E=t(9),R=t(7),O=t(14),T=t(8),S=t(15),P=t(10),M=t("ee"),C=M.get("tracer"),N=t(23);t(17),y.features.spa=!0;var L,U=0;M.on(u,r),b.on(p,r),P.on(p,r),M.on(d,o),b.on(l,o),P.on(l,o),M.buffer([u,d,"xhr-resolved"]),R.buffer([u]),O.buffer(["setTimeout"+c,"clearTimeout"+s,u]),S.buffer([u,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+s]),T.buffer([m+s,m+"-done",m+f+s,m+f+c]),E.buffer(["newURL"]),x.buffer([u]),b.buffer(["propagate",p,l,"executor-err","resolve"+s]),C.buffer([u,"no-"+u]),P.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"]),a(T,m+s),a(T,m+"-done"),a(P,"new-jsonp"),a(P,"jsonp-end"),a(P,"cb-start"),E.on("pushState-end",i),E.on("replaceState-end",i),w[v]("hashchange",i,N(!0)),w[v]("load",i,N(!0)),w[v]("popstate",function(){i(0,U>1)},N(!0))}},{}],5:[function(t,e,n){function r(){var t=new PerformanceObserver(function(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();s(v,[n])});try{t.observe({entryTypes:["resource"]})}catch(e){}}function o(t){if(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType(w)]),window.performance["c"+p])try{window.performance[h](m,o,!1)}catch(t){}else try{window.performance[h]("webkit"+m,o,!1)}catch(t){}}function i(t){}if(window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&window.performance.getEntriesByType){var a=t("ee"),s=t("handle"),c=t(14),f=t(13),u=t(6),d=t(23),p="learResourceTimings",l="addEventListener",h="removeEventListener",m="resourcetimingbufferfull",v="bstResource",w="resource",g="-start",y="-end",x="fn"+g,b="fn"+y,E="bstTimer",R="pushState",O=t("loader");if(!O.disabled){O.features.stn=!0,t(9),"addEventListener"in window&&t(7);var T=NREUM.o.EV;a.on(x,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&(this.bstStart=O.now())}),a.on(b,function(t,e){var n=t[0];n instanceof T&&s("bst",[n,e,this.bstStart,O.now()])}),c.on(x,function(t,e,n){this.bstStart=O.now(),this.bstType=n}),c.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),this.bstType])}),f.on(x,function(){this.bstStart=O.now()}),f.on(b,function(t,e){s(E,[e,this.bstStart,O.now(),"requestAnimationFrame"])}),a.on(R+g,function(t){this.time=O.now(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),a.on(R+y,function(t){s("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time])}),u()?(s(v,[window.performance.getEntriesByType("resource")]),r()):l in window.performance&&(window.performance["c"+p]?window.performance[l](m,o,d(!1)):window.performance[l]("webkit"+m,o,d(!1))),document[l]("scroll",i,d(!1)),document[l]("keypress",i,d(!1)),document[l]("click",i,d(!1))}}},{}],6:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(){return"PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver}},{}],7:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){for(var e=t;e&&!e.hasOwnProperty(u);)e=Object.getPrototypeOf(e);e&&o(e)}function o(t){s.inPlace(t,[u,d],"-",i)}function i(t,e){return t[1]}var a=t("ee").get("events"),s=t("wrap-function")(a,!0),c=t("gos"),f=XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener";e.exports=a,"getPrototypeOf"in Object?(r(document),r(window),r(f.prototype)):f.prototype.hasOwnProperty(u)&&(o(window),o(f.prototype)),a.on(u+"-start",function(t,e){var n=t[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var r=c(n,"nr@wrapped",function(){function t(){if("function"==typeof n.handleEvent)return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)}var e={object:t,"function":n}[typeof n];return e?s(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=t[1]=r}}),a.on(d+"-start",function(t){t[1]=this.wrapped||t[1]})},{}],8:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){var r=t[e];"function"==typeof r&&(t[e]=function(){var t=i(arguments),e={};o.emit(n+"before-start",[t],e);var a;e[m]&&e[m].dt&&(a=e[m].dt);var s=r.apply(this,t);return o.emit(n+"start",[t,a],s),s.then(function(t){return o.emit(n+"end",[null,t],s),t},function(t){throw o.emit(n+"end",[t],s),t})})}var o=t("ee").get("fetch"),i=t(32),a=t(31);e.exports=o;var s=window,c="fetch-",f=c+"body-",u=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],d=s.Request,p=s.Response,l=s.fetch,h="prototype",m="nr@context";d&&p&&l&&(a(u,function(t,e){r(d[h],e,f),r(p[h],e,f)}),r(s,"fetch",c),o.on(c+"end",function(t,e){var n=this;if(e){var r=e.headers.get("content-length");null!==r&&(n.rxSize=r),o.emit(c+"done",[null,e],n)}else o.emit(c+"done",[t],n)}))},{}],9:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("history"),o=t("wrap-function")(r);e.exports=r;var i=window.history&&window.history.constructor&&window.history.constructor.prototype,a=window.history;i&&i.pushState&&i.replaceState&&(a=i),o.inPlace(a,["pushState","replaceState"],"-")},{}],10:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}function n(){f.emit("jsonp-error",[],l),f.emit("jsonp-end",[],l),t.removeEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.removeEventListener("error",n,c(!1))}var r=t&&"string"==typeof t.nodeName&&"script"===t.nodeName.toLowerCase();if(r){var o="function"==typeof t.addEventListener;if(o){var a=i(t.src);if(a){var d=s(a),p="function"==typeof d.parent[d.key];if(p){var l={};u.inPlace(d.parent,[d.key],"cb-",l),t.addEventListener("load",e,c(!1)),t.addEventListener("error",n,c(!1)),f.emit("new-jsonp",[t.src],l)}}}}}function o(){return"addEventListener"in window}function i(t){var e=t.match(d);return e?e[1]:null}function a(t,e){var n=t.match(l),r=n[1],o=n[3];return o?a(o,e[r]):e[r]}function s(t){var e=t.match(p);return e&&e.length>=3?{key:e[2],parent:a(e[1],window)}:{key:t,parent:window}}var c=t(23),f=t("ee").get("jsonp"),u=t("wrap-function")(f);if(e.exports=f,o()){var d=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,p=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,l=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/,h=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];Node&&Node.prototype&&Node.prototype.appendChild?u.inPlace(Node.prototype,h,"dom-"):(u.inPlace(HTMLElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLHeadElement.prototype,h,"dom-"),u.inPlace(HTMLBodyElement.prototype,h,"dom-")),f.on("dom-start",function(t){r(t[0])})}},{}],11:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("mutation"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i=NREUM.o.MO;e.exports=r,i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(t){return this instanceof i?new i(o(t,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype)},{}],12:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=i.context(),n=s(t,"executor-",e,null,!1),r=new f(n);return i.context(r).getCtx=function(){return e},r}var o=t("wrap-function"),i=t("ee").get("promise"),a=t("ee").getOrSetContext,s=o(i),c=t(31),f=NREUM.o.PR;e.exports=i,f&&(window.Promise=r,["all","race"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(n){function r(t){return function(){i.emit("propagate",[null,!o],a,!1,!1),o=o||!t}}var o=!1;c(n,function(e,n){Promise.resolve(n).then(r("all"===t),r(!1))});var a=e.apply(f,arguments),s=f.resolve(a);return s}}),["resolve","reject"].forEach(function(t){var e=f[t];f[t]=function(t){var n=e.apply(f,arguments);return t!==n&&i.emit("propagate",[t,!0],n,!1,!1),n}}),f.prototype["catch"]=function(t){return this.then(null,t)},f.prototype=Object.create(f.prototype,{constructor:{value:r}}),c(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(f),function(t,e){try{r[e]=f[e]}catch(n){}}),o.wrapInPlace(f.prototype,"then",function(t){return function(){var e=this,n=o.argsToArray.apply(this,arguments),r=a(e);r.promise=e,n[0]=s(n[0],"cb-",r,null,!1),n[1]=s(n[1],"cb-",r,null,!1);var c=t.apply(this,n);return r.nextPromise=c,i.emit("propagate",[e,!0],c,!1,!1),c}}),i.on("executor-start",function(t){t[0]=s(t[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),t[1]=s(t[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)}),i.on("executor-err",function(t,e,n){t[1](n)}),i.on("cb-end",function(t,e,n){i.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)}),i.on("propagate",function(t,e,n){this.getCtx&&!e||(this.getCtx=function(){if(t instanceof Promise)var e=i.context(t);return e&&e.getCtx?e.getCtx():this})}),r.toString=function(){return""+f})},{}],13:[function(t,e,n){var r=t("ee").get("raf"),o=t("wrap-function")(r),i="equestAnimationFrame";e.exports=r,o.inPlace(window,["r"+i,"mozR"+i,"webkitR"+i,"msR"+i],"raf-"),r.on("raf-start",function(t){t[0]=o(t[0],"fn-")})},{}],14:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",null,n)}function o(t,e,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(t[1])?0:+t[1],t[0]=a(t[0],"fn-",this,n)}var i=t("ee").get("timer"),a=t("wrap-function")(i),s="setTimeout",c="setInterval",f="clearTimeout",u="-start",d="-";e.exports=i,a.inPlace(window,[s,"setImmediate"],s+d),a.inPlace(window,[c],c+d),a.inPlace(window,[f,"clearImmediate"],f+d),i.on(c+u,r),i.on(s+u,o)},{}],15:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){d.inPlace(e,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",s)}function o(){var t=this,e=u.context(t);t.readyState>3&&!e.resolved&&(e.resolved=!0,u.emit("xhr-resolved",[],t)),d.inPlace(t,y,"fn-",s)}function i(t){x.push(t),m&&(E?E.then(a):w?w(a):(R=-R,O.data=R))}function a(){for(var t=0;t<x.length;t++)r([],x[t]);x.length&&(x=[])}function s(t,e){return e}function c(t,e){for(var n in t)e[n]=t[n];return e}t(7);var f=t("ee"),u=f.get("xhr"),d=t("wrap-function")(u),p=t(23),l=NREUM.o,h=l.XHR,m=l.MO,v=l.PR,w=l.SI,g="readystatechange",y=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],x=[];e.exports=u;var b=window.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){var e=new h(t);try{u.emit("new-xhr",[e],e),e.addEventListener(g,o,p(!1))}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}return e};if(c(h,b),b.prototype=h.prototype,d.inPlace(b.prototype,["open","send"],"-xhr-",s),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){r(t,e),i(e)}),u.on("open-xhr-start",r),m){var E=v&&v.resolve();if(!w&&!v){var R=1,O=document.createTextNode(R);new m(a).observe(O,{characterData:!0})}}else f.on("fn-end",function(t){t[0]&&t[0].type===g||a()})},{}],16:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(!s(t))return null;var e=window.NREUM;if(!e.loader_config)return null;var n=(e.loader_config.accountID||"").toString()||null,r=(e.loader_config.agentID||"").toString()||null,f=(e.loader_config.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!r)return null;var h=l.generateSpanId(),m=l.generateTraceId(),v=Date.now(),w={spanId:h,traceId:m,timestamp:v};return(t.sameOrigin||c(t)&&p())&&(w.traceContextParentHeader=o(h,m),w.traceContextStateHeader=i(h,v,n,r,f)),(t.sameOrigin&&!u()||!t.sameOrigin&&c(t)&&d())&&(w.newrelicHeader=a(h,m,v,n,r,f)),w}function o(t,e){return"00-"+e+"-"+t+"-01"}function i(t,e,n,r,o){var i=0,a="",s=1,c="",f="";return o+"@nr="+i+"-"+s+"-"+n+"-"+r+"-"+t+"-"+a+"-"+c+"-"+f+"-"+e}function a(t,e,n,r,o,i){var a="btoa"in window&&"function"==typeof window.btoa;if(!a)return null;var s={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:r,ap:o,id:t,tr:e,ti:n}};return i&&r!==i&&(s.d.tk=i),btoa(JSON.stringify(s))}function s(t){return f()&&c(t)}function c(t){var e=!1,n={};if("init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&(n=NREUM.init.distributed_tracing),t.sameOrigin)e=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var r=0;r<n.allowed_origins.length;r++){var o=h(n.allowed_origins[r]);if(t.hostname===o.hostname&&t.protocol===o.protocol&&t.port===o.port){e=!0;break}}return e}function f(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.enabled}function u(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.exclude_newrelic_header}function d(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_newrelic_header!==!1}function p(){return"init"in NREUM&&"distributed_tracing"in NREUM.init&&!!NREUM.init.distributed_tracing.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}var l=t(28),h=t(18);e.exports={generateTracePayload:r,shouldGenerateTrace:s}},{}],17:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var r=0;r<p;r++)t.removeEventListener(d[r],this.listener,!1);return e.protocol&&"data"===e.protocol?void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded"):void(e.aborted||(n.duration=a.now()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==t.readyState?null==e.status&&(e.status=0):i(this,t),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,s("xhr",[e,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this)))}}function o(t,e){var n=c(e),r=t.params;r.hostname=n.hostname,r.port=n.port,r.protocol=n.protocol,r.host=n.hostname+":"+n.port,r.pathname=n.pathname,t.parsedOrigin=n,t.sameOrigin=n.sameOrigin}function i(t,e){t.params.status=e.status;var n=v(e,t.lastSize);if(n&&(t.metrics.rxSize=n),t.sameOrigin){var r=e.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");r&&(t.params.cat=r.split(", ").pop())}t.loadCaptureCalled=!0}var a=t("loader");if(a.xhrWrappable&&!a.disabled){var s=t("handle"),c=t(18),f=t(16).generateTracePayload,u=t("ee"),d=["load","error","abort","timeout"],p=d.length,l=t("id"),h=t(24),m=t(22),v=t(19),w=t(23),g=t(25).recordSupportability,y=NREUM.o.REQ,x=window.XMLHttpRequest;a.features.xhr=!0,t(15),t(8),u.on("new-xhr",function(t){var e=this;e.totalCbs=0,e.called=0,e.cbTime=0,e.end=r,e.ended=!1,e.xhrGuids={},e.lastSize=null,e.loadCaptureCalled=!1,e.params=this.params||{},e.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.addEventListener("load",function(n){i(e,t)},w(!1)),h&&(h>34||h<10)||t.addEventListener("progress",function(t){e.lastSize=t.loaded},w(!1))}),u.on("open-xhr-start",function(t){this.params={method:t[0]},o(this,t[1]),this.metrics={}}),u.on("open-xhr-end",function(t,e){"loader_config"in NREUM&&"xpid"in NREUM.loader_config&&this.sameOrigin&&e.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",NREUM.loader_config.xpid);var n=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var r=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),r=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&e.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r&&(this.dt=n)}}),u.on("send-xhr-start",function(t,e){var n=this.metrics,r=t[0],o=this;if(n&&r){var i=m(r);i&&(n.txSize=i)}this.startTime=a.now(),this.listener=function(t){try{"abort"!==t.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==t.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof e.onload))&&o.end(e)}catch(n){try{u.emit("internal-error",[n])}catch(r){}}};for(var s=0;s<p;s++)e.addEventListener(d[s],this.listener,w(!1))}),u.on("xhr-cb-time",function(t,e,n){this.cbTime+=t,e?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof n.onload||this.end(n)}),u.on("xhr-load-added",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[n]&&(this.xhrGuids[n]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}),u.on("xhr-load-removed",function(t,e){var n=""+l(t)+!!e;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[n]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[n],this.totalCbs-=1)}),u.on("xhr-resolved",function(){this.endTime=a.now()}),u.on("addEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-added",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("removeEventListener-end",function(t,e){e instanceof x&&"load"===t[0]&&u.emit("xhr-load-removed",[t[1],t[2]],e)}),u.on("fn-start",function(t,e,n){e instanceof x&&("onload"===n&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(t[0]&&t[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=a.now()))}),u.on("fn-end",function(t,e){this.xhrCbStart&&u.emit("xhr-cb-time",[a.now()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,e],e)}),u.on("fetch-before-start",function(t){function e(t,e){var n=!1;return e.newrelicHeader&&(t.set("newrelic",e.newrelicHeader),n=!0),e.traceContextParentHeader&&(t.set("traceparent",e.traceContextParentHeader),e.traceContextStateHeader&&t.set("tracestate",e.traceContextStateHeader),n=!0),n}var n,r=t[1]||{};"string"==typeof t[0]?n=t[0]:t[0]&&t[0].url?n=t[0].url:window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL&&(n=t[0].href),n&&(this.parsedOrigin=c(n),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var o=f(this.parsedOrigin);if(o&&(o.newrelicHeader||o.traceContextParentHeader))if("string"==typeof t[0]||window.URL&&t[0]&&t[0]instanceof URL){var i={};for(var a in r)i[a]=r[a];i.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),e(i.headers,o)&&(this.dt=o),t.length>1?t[1]=i:t.push(i)}else t[0]&&t[0].headers&&e(t[0].headers,o)&&(this.dt=o)}),u.on("fetch-start",function(t,e){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=a.now(),this.dt=e,t.length>=1&&(this.target=t[0]),t.length>=2&&(this.opts=t[1]);var n,r=this.opts||{},i=this.target;if("string"==typeof i?n=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof y?n=i.url:window.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(n=i.href),o(this,n),"data"!==this.params.protocol){var s=(""+(i&&i instanceof y&&i.method||r.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=s,this.txSize=m(r.body)||0}}),u.on("fetch-done",function(t,e){if(this.endTime=a.now(),this.params||(this.params={}),"data"===this.params.protocol)return void g("Ajax/DataUrl/Excluded");this.params.status=e?e.status:0;var n;"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var r={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:a.now()-this.startTime};s("xhr",[this.params,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this)})}},{}],18:[function(t,e,n){var r={};e.exports=function(t){if(t in r)return r[t];if(0===(t||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};var e=document.createElement("a"),n=window.location,o={};e.href=t,o.port=e.port;var i=e.href.split("://");!o.port&&i[1]&&(o.port=i[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===i[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=e.hostname||n.hostname,o.pathname=e.pathname,o.protocol=i[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var a=!e.protocol||":"===e.protocol||e.protocol===n.protocol,s=e.hostname===document.domain&&e.port===n.port;return o.sameOrigin=a&&(!e.hostname||s),"/"===o.pathname&&(r[t]=o),o}},{}],19:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.responseType;return"json"===n&&null!==e?e:"arraybuffer"===n||"blob"===n||"json"===n?o(t.response):"text"===n||""===n||void 0===n?o(t.responseText):void 0}var o=t(22);e.exports=r},{}],20:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t,e,n,r){return function(){return u.recordSupportability("API/"+e+"/called"),i(t+e,[f.now()].concat(s(arguments)),n?null:this,r),n?void 0:this}}var i=t("handle"),a=t(31),s=t(32),c=t("ee").get("tracer"),f=t("loader"),u=t(25),d=NREUM;"undefined"==typeof window.newrelic&&(newrelic=d);var p=["setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"],l="api-",h=l+"ixn-";a(p,function(t,e){d[e]=o(l,e,!0,"api")}),d.addPageAction=o(l,"addPageAction",!0),d.setCurrentRouteName=o(l,"routeName",!0),e.exports=newrelic,d.interaction=function(){return(new r).get()};var m=r.prototype={createTracer:function(t,e){var n={},r=this,o="function"==typeof e;return i(h+"tracer",[f.now(),t,n],r),function(){if(c.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[f.now(),r,o],n),o)try{return e.apply(this,arguments)}catch(t){throw c.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],n),t}finally{c.emit("fn-end",[f.now()],n)}}}};a("actionText,setName,setAttribute,save,ignore,onEnd,getContext,end,get".split(","),function(t,e){m[e]=o(h,e)}),newrelic.noticeError=function(t,e){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),u.recordSupportability("API/noticeError/called"),i("err",[t,f.now(),!1,e])}},{}],21:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){if(NREUM.init){for(var e=NREUM.init,n=t.split("."),r=0;r<n.length-1;r++)if(e=e[n[r]],"object"!=typeof e)return;return e=e[n[n.length-1]]}}e.exports={getConfiguration:r}},{}],22:[function(t,e,n){e.exports=function(t){if("string"==typeof t&&t.length)return t.length;if("object"==typeof t){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&t instanceof ArrayBuffer&&t.byteLength)return t.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&t instanceof Blob&&t.size)return t.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&t instanceof FormData))try{return JSON.stringify(t).length}catch(e){return}}}},{}],23:[function(t,e,n){var r=!1;try{var o=Object.defineProperty({},"passive",{get:function(){r=!0}});window.addEventListener("testPassive",null,o),window.removeEventListener("testPassive",null,o)}catch(i){}e.exports=function(t){return r?{passive:!0,capture:!!t}:!!t}},{}],24:[function(t,e,n){var r=0,o=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);o&&(r=+o[1]),e.exports=r},{}],25:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[a,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeMetric",n,null,"api"),n}function o(t,e){var n=[s,t,{name:t},e];return i("storeEventMetrics",n,null,"api"),n}var i=t("handle"),a="sm",s="cm";e.exports={constants:{SUPPORTABILITY_METRIC:a,CUSTOM_METRIC:s},recordSupportability:r,recordCustom:o}},{}],26:[function(t,e,n){function r(){return s.exists&&performance.now?Math.round(performance.now()):(i=Math.max((new Date).getTime(),i))-a}function o(){return i}var i=(new Date).getTime(),a=i,s=t(33);e.exports=r,e.exports.offset=a,e.exports.getLastTimestamp=o},{}],27:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();n.forEach(function(t){"first-paint"===t.name?l("timing",["fp",Math.floor(t.startTime)]):"first-contentful-paint"===t.name&&l("timing",["fcp",Math.floor(t.startTime)])})}function o(t,e){var n=t.getEntries();if(n.length>0){var r=n[n.length-1];if(f&&f<r.startTime)return;var o=[r],i=a({});i&&o.push(i),l("lcp",o)}}function i(t){t.getEntries().forEach(function(t){t.hadRecentInput||l("cls",[t])})}function a(t){var e=navigator.connection||navigator.mozConnection||navigator.webkitConnection;if(e)return e.type&&(t["net-type"]=e.type),e.effectiveType&&(t["net-etype"]=e.effectiveType),e.rtt&&(t["net-rtt"]=e.rtt),e.downlink&&(t["net-dlink"]=e.downlink),t}function s(t){if(t instanceof w&&!y){var e=Math.round(t.timeStamp),n={type:t.type};a(n),e<=h.now()?n.fid=h.now()-e:e>h.offset&&e<=Date.now()?(e-=h.offset,n.fid=h.now()-e):e=h.now(),y=!0,l("timing",["fi",e,n])}}function c(t){"hidden"===t&&(f=h.now(),l("pageHide",[f]))}if(!("init"in NREUM&&"page_view_timing"in NREUM.init&&"enabled"in NREUM.init.page_view_timing&&NREUM.init.page_view_timing.enabled===!1)){var f,u,d,p,l=t("handle"),h=t("loader"),m=t(30),v=t(23),w=NREUM.o.EV;if("PerformanceObserver"in window&&"function"==typeof window.PerformanceObserver){u=new PerformanceObserver(r);try{u.observe({entryTypes:["paint"]})}catch(g){}d=new PerformanceObserver(o);try{d.observe({entryTypes:["largest-contentful-paint"]})}catch(g){}p=new PerformanceObserver(i);try{p.observe({type:"layout-shift",buffered:!0})}catch(g){}}if("addEventListener"in document){var y=!1,x=["click","keydown","mousedown","pointerdown","touchstart"];x.forEach(function(t){document.addEventListener(t,s,v(!1))})}m(c)}},{}],28:[function(t,e,n){function r(){function t(){return e?15&e[n++]:16*Math.random()|0}var e=null,n=0,r=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;r&&r.getRandomValues&&(e=r.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));for(var o,i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx",a="",s=0;s<i.length;s++)o=i[s],"x"===o?a+=t().toString(16):"y"===o?(o=3&t()|8,a+=o.toString(16)):a+=o;return a}function o(){return a(16)}function i(){return a(32)}function a(t){function e(){return n?15&n[r++]:16*Math.random()|0}var n=null,r=0,o=window.crypto||window.msCrypto;o&&o.getRandomValues&&Uint8Array&&(n=o.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(t)));for(var i=[],a=0;a<t;a++)i.push(e().toString(16));return i.join("")}e.exports={generateUuid:r,generateSpanId:o,generateTraceId:i}},{}],29:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){if(!o)return!1;if(t!==o)return!1;if(!e)return!0;if(!i)return!1;for(var n=i.split("."),r=e.split("."),a=0;a<r.length;a++)if(r[a]!==n[a])return!1;return!0}var o=null,i=null,a=/Version\/(\S+)\s+Safari/;if(navigator.userAgent){var s=navigator.userAgent,c=s.match(a);c&&s.indexOf("Chrome")===-1&&s.indexOf("Chromium")===-1&&(o="Safari",i=c[1])}e.exports={agent:o,version:i,match:r}},{}],30:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){function e(){t(s&&document[s]?document[s]:document[i]?"hidden":"visible")}"addEventListener"in document&&a&&document.addEventListener(a,e,o(!1))}var o=t(23);e.exports=r;var i,a,s;"undefined"!=typeof document.hidden?(i="hidden",a="visibilitychange",s="visibilityState"):"undefined"!=typeof document.msHidden?(i="msHidden",a="msvisibilitychange"):"undefined"!=typeof document.webkitHidden&&(i="webkitHidden",a="webkitvisibilitychange",s="webkitVisibilityState")},{}],31:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){var n=[],r="",i=0;for(r in t)o.call(t,r)&&(n[i]=e(r,t[r]),i+=1);return n}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],32:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){e||(e=0),"undefined"==typeof n&&(n=t?t.length:0);for(var r=-1,o=n-e||0,i=Array(o<0?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=t[e+r];return i}e.exports=r},{}],33:[function(t,e,n){e.exports={exists:"undefined"!=typeof window.performance&&window.performance.timing&&"undefined"!=typeof window.performance.timing.navigationStart}},{}],ee:[function(t,e,n){function r(){}function o(t){function e(t){return t&&t instanceof r?t:t?f(t,c,a):a()}function n(n,r,o,i,a){if(a!==!1&&(a=!0),!l.aborted||i){t&&a&&t(n,r,o);for(var s=e(o),c=m(n),f=c.length,u=0;u<f;u++)c[u].apply(s,r);var p=d[y[n]];return p&&p.push([x,n,r,s]),s}}function i(t,e){g[t]=m(t).concat(e)}function h(t,e){var n=g[t];if(n)for(var r=0;r<n.length;r++)n[r]===e&&n.splice(r,1)}function m(t){return g[t]||[]}function v(t){return p[t]=p[t]||o(n)}function w(t,e){l.aborted||u(t,function(t,n){e=e||"feature",y[n]=e,e in d||(d[e]=[])})}var g={},y={},x={on:i,addEventListener:i,removeEventListener:h,emit:n,get:v,listeners:m,context:e,buffer:w,abort:s,aborted:!1};return x}function i(t){return f(t,c,a)}function a(){return new r}function s(){(d.api||d.feature)&&(l.aborted=!0,d=l.backlog={})}var c="nr@context",f=t("gos"),u=t(31),d={},p={},l=e.exports=o();e.exports.getOrSetContext=i,l.backlog=d},{}],gos:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n){if(o.call(t,e))return t[e];var r=n();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(t,e,{value:r,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),r}catch(i){}return t[e]=r,r}var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;e.exports=r},{}],handle:[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e,n,r){o.buffer([t],r),o.emit(t,e,n)}var o=t("ee").get("handle");e.exports=r,r.ee=o},{}],id:[function(t,e,n){function r(t){var e=typeof t;return!t||"object"!==e&&"function"!==e?-1:t===window?0:a(t,i,function(){return o++})}var o=1,i="nr@id",a=t("gos");e.exports=r},{}],loader:[function(t,e,n){function r(){if(!T++){var t=O.info=NREUM.info,e=m.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(setTimeout(f.abort,3e4),!(t&&t.licenseKey&&t.applicationID&&e))return f.abort();c(E,function(e,n){t[e]||(t[e]=n)});var n=a();s("mark",["onload",n+O.offset],null,"api"),s("timing",["load",n]);var r=m.createElement("script");0===t.agent.indexOf("http://")||0===t.agent.indexOf("https://")?r.src=t.agent:r.src=l+"://"+t.agent,e.parentNode.insertBefore(r,e)}}function o(){"complete"===m.readyState&&i()}function i(){s("mark",["domContent",a()+O.offset],null,"api")}var a=t(26),s=t("handle"),c=t(31),f=t("ee"),u=t(29),d=t(21),p=t(23),l=d.getConfiguration("ssl")===!1?"http":"https",h=window,m=h.document,v="addEventListener",w="attachEvent",g=h.XMLHttpRequest,y=g&&g.prototype,x=!1;NREUM.o={ST:setTimeout,SI:h.setImmediate,CT:clearTimeout,XHR:g,REQ:h.Request,EV:h.Event,PR:h.Promise,MO:h.MutationObserver};var b=""+location,E={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-spa-1216.min.js"},R=g&&y&&y[v]&&!/CriOS/.test(navigator.userAgent),O=e.exports={offset:a.getLastTimestamp(),now:a,origin:b,features:{},xhrWrappable:R,userAgent:u,disabled:x};if(!x){t(20),t(27),m[v]?(m[v]("DOMContentLoaded",i,p(!1)),h[v]("load",r,p(!1))):(m[w]("onreadystatechange",o),h[w]("onload",r)),s("mark",["firstbyte",a.getLastTimestamp()],null,"api");var T=0}},{}],"wrap-function":[function(t,e,n){function r(t,e){function n(e,n,r,c,f){function nrWrapper(){var i,a,u,p;try{a=this,i=d(arguments),u="function"==typeof r?r(i,a):r||{}}catch(l){o([l,"",[i,a,c],u],t)}s(n+"start",[i,a,c],u,f);try{return p=e.apply(a,i)}catch(h){throw s(n+"err",[i,a,h],u,f),h}finally{s(n+"end",[i,a,p],u,f)}}return a(e)?e:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[p]=e,i(e,nrWrapper,t),nrWrapper)}function r(t,e,r,o,i){r||(r="");var s,c,f,u="-"===r.charAt(0);for(f=0;f<e.length;f++)c=e[f],s=t[c],a(s)||(t[c]=n(s,u?c+r:r,o,c,i))}function s(n,r,i,a){if(!h||e){var s=h;h=!0;try{t.emit(n,r,i,e,a)}catch(c){o([c,n,r,i],t)}h=s}}return t||(t=u),n.inPlace=r,n.flag=p,n}function o(t,e){e||(e=u);try{e.emit("internal-error",t)}catch(n){}}function i(t,e,n){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{var r=Object.keys(t);return r.forEach(function(n){Object.defineProperty(e,n,{get:function(){return t[n]},set:function(e){return t[n]=e,e}})}),e}catch(i){o([i],n)}for(var a in t)l.call(t,a)&&(e[a]=t[a]);return e}function a(t){return!(t&&t instanceof Function&&t.apply&&!t[p])}function s(t,e){var n=e(t);return n[p]=t,i(t,n,u),n}function c(t,e,n){var r=t[e];t[e]=s(r,n)}function f(){for(var t=arguments.length,e=new Array(t),n=0;n<t;++n)e[n]=arguments[n];return e}var u=t("ee"),d=t(32),p="nr@original",l=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,h=!1;e.exports=r,e.exports.wrapFunction=s,e.exports.wrapInPlace=c,e.exports.argsToArray=f},{}]},{},["loader",2,17,5,3,4]);</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.rsc-cdn.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2d89ef"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/webfonts/fonts.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/stylesheets/pubs-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <meta name="description" content="An interdisciplinary journal focusing on innovative soft matter topics through original research and reviews.<br/><br/>Editor-in-chief: Alfred Crosby<br/>Impact factor: 2.9<br/>Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 36 days" /> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Soft Matter" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Soft Matter" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Soft Matter;" /> <meta name="fragment" content="!" />  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="4858ece2-d985-4da2-982d-42219fead606"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5HVSFVCN');</script>  </head> <body id="pagetop" class="oxy-ui pubs-ui jlp-page ">  <noscript> <iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5HVSFVCN" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div data-id="pnlAccSkipLinks" class="skipto-control"> <a href="#maincontent" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to main content <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> <a href="#SearchText" class="skipto__link"> <div class="viewport r-gutter"> Jump to site search <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right-o-light.png" width="24" class="ver-m" alt=""> </div> </a> </div> <header role="banner" data-id="pnlGlobalHeader" class="pubs-header"> <div class="viewport"> <div class="pubs-header__wrapper"> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--menu"> <a href="#" role="button" id="btnHamburgerMainNav" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-header__btn--open" aria-label="Open site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/menu-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--home"> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link pubs-header__link--home" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--nav"> <nav class="pubs-header__nav"> <ul> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="/en/journals?key=title&value=current" class="pubs-header__link" target="_self">Journals</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&page=1&f_ContentType=Book&sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Books</a></li> <li class="pubs-header__nav-item"><a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-header__link" target="_blank">Databases</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search-mobile"> <a href="#" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Search" id="mobileSearchTrigger"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/search-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="mobileSearchIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--search"> <div class="pubs-search-control"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-form" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchText" class="sr-only">Search</label> <input autocomplete="off" class="pubs-search__input" id="SearchText" name="SearchText" type="search" value="" /> <div class="pubs-search__actions"> <button class="input__search-submit" type="submit" aria-label="Search" id="btnNavSearchInput"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt=""></button> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link" href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced</a> </div> <span class="pubs-search__icon"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--login"> <a href="/en/account/logon" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="Log in or register"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/user-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="userIcon"></a> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--trolley"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/orderitems?returnurl=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journalissues/sm" class="pubs-header__btn" aria-label="View your basket"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/trolley-light.png" width="24" alt="" id="trolleyIcon"></a> <span class="badge badge--count" style="display: none;"></span> </div> <div class="pubs-header__cell pubs-header__cell--logo"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org" class=""><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" height="40" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search" id="mobileSearchPanel"> <div class="viewport"> <div class=""> <div class="autopad--h fixpadt--l"> <form action="/en/results" aria-label="Sitewide" id="SimpleSearch-formMobile" method="post" role="search"> <label for="SearchTextMobile" class="sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input__search"> <i class="icon--search"></i> <input autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search term, doi, title, author" type="search" class="input__field input__field--basic input__label--block" id="SearchTextMobile" name="SearchText"> <button class="input__search-submit" name="search" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt="" class="input__submit-icon"> </button> </div> <div class="input--error" id="errSimpleSearchMobileText">You must enter a search term</div> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <a class="pubs-search__adv-link " href="/en/search/advancedsearch" aria-label="Advanced search" id="advancedLink">Advanced search</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="auth-header" data-id="pnlAuthHeader"> <div data-id="pnlSignIn"></div> <div class="viewport"> <div class="auth-header__institute-access"> <div class="auth-header__institute-messaging"> <span id="divWelcomeUser"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <div class="page-head page-head--jlp"> <div class="viewport"> <div class="page-head__wrapper"> <div class="page-head__cell page-head__cell--image"> <span> <img src="/en/Image/Get?imageInfo.ImageType=CoverIssue&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.SerCode=sm&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.IssueId=SM020046&imageInfo.ImageIdentifier.Year=2024" alt="" height="128" /> </span> </div> <div class="page-head__cell page-head__cell--info page-head__vcenter"> <h1 class="page-head__title page-head__vcenter"> <span>Soft Matter</span> <span class="page-head__context">   </span> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="page-head__base-nav autopad--h"> <span class="page-head__base-item"> <a href="/en/journals?key=title&value=current" class="page-head__base-nav-link"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/chevron-left.png" class="page-head__base-nav-icon" width="12" alt=""> View all journals </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <div class="viewport autopad--h fixpadb--m"> <div class="plate plate--warning"> You do not have JavaScript enabled. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site or access our <a href="/en/home/nonjavascriptversion">non-JavaScript page</a>. </div> </div> </noscript> <div id="maincontent"> <div id="a11y-announcer" class="sr-only" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_sm_mpu_1', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-1').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_sm_mpu_2', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-2').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/97414310/pubs_journal_sm_mpu_3', [300, 250], 'div-dfp-ad-3').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <div class="mobile-footer"> <div class="mobile-footer_cell"> <a href="#pagetop"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/up-o.png" width="40" alt=""> <span class="mobile-footer_label">Top</span> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-footer_cell"> <a href="#journal-info"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/info-o-light.png" width="40" alt=""> <span class="mobile-footer_label">Info</span> </a> </div> <div class="mobile-footer_cell"> <a href="#JournalSimpleSearch-form"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/search-light.png" width="40" alt=""> <span class="mobile-footer_label">Search</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="viewport"> <div class="layout-control"> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--primary layout__panel--60"> <section class="layout__content"> <div class="tab-control"> <div class="tab__nav" role="tablist" aria-label="Journal"> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlrecentarticles" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnrecentarticles" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlrecentarticles"> Recent<span class="v-mobile-hide--inline"> Articles</span> </a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlissues" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnissues" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlissues"> <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Published </span>Issues </a> </div> <div class="tab__item" role="none"> <a href="#pnlthemedcollections" class="tab__btn" role="tab" id="btnthemedcollections" aria-selected="false" aria-controls="pnlthemedcollections"> <span class="v-mobile-hide--inline">Themed </span>Collections </a> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlrecentarticles" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnrecentarticles" data-loaded="false"> <div class="fixpadv--l autopad--h"> <div id="tabrecentarticles"> <div class="tab-loading fixpadv--s t-center"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div class="tab-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlissues" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnissues" data-loaded="false"> <div class="fixpadv--l autopad--h"> <div id="tabissues"> <div class="tab-loading fixpadv--s t-center"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div class="tab-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab__panel" role="tabpanel" id="pnlthemedcollections" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="btnthemedcollections" data-loaded="false"> <div class="fixpadv--l autopad--h"> <div id="tabthemedcollections"> <div class="tab-loading fixpadv--s t-center"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div class="tab-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div class="layout__panel layout__panel--secondary layout__panel--40 layout__panel--filled" id="journal-info"> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded"> <div class="fixpadv--m"> <h3 class="h--heading3 no-heading">About Soft Matter</h3> <p>An interdisciplinary journal focusing on innovative soft matter topics through original research and reviews.<br/><br/>Editor-in-chief: Alfred Crosby<br/>Impact factor: 2.9<br/>Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 36 days</p> <div class="autopad--v"> <a href="http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sm" target="_blank" class="btn btn--cta btn--primary btn--block btn--stack btn-icon btn-icon--pen"> Submit your article <span class="btn-info">Opens in new window</span> </a> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/guidelines/" class="btn btn--block btn--stack"> Information and templates for authors </a> </div> <form action="/en/Search/JournalSimpleResult" aria-label="Journal" id="JournalSimpleSearch-form" method="post" role="search"><input id="SearchType" name="SearchType" type="hidden" value="Full Text" /><input id="JournalReservedText" name="JournalReservedText" type="hidden" value="" /><input id="JournalName" name="JournalName" type="hidden" value="Soft Matter" /> <label for="JournalSearchText" class="h--heading3 no-heading fixpadv--xl input__label input__label--block">Search this journal</label> <div class="input__search"> <i class="icon--search"></i> <input class="input__field block" id="JournalSearchText" name="JournalSearchText" placeholder="Search term, DOI, author" type="search" value="" /> <button class="input__search-submit" id="search" name="search" type="submit" aria-label="Search"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/arrow-right.png" width="32" alt="" class="input__submit-icon"> </button> </div> <span class="field-validation-valid field-validation-error input--error" data-valmsg-for="JournalSearchText" data-valmsg-replace="true" id="errJournalSearchText"></span></form> <h3 class="h--heading3">Find an article</h3> <form action="/en/search/articlefinderresult" aria-label="Article" id="ArticleFinder-form" method="post" role="search"> <div class="column-table"> <div class="column-table__cell"> <label for="articleFinderModel_ArtRefYear" class="input__label">Year</label> <input class="input__field input__field--slim" id="articleFinderModel_ArtRefYear" maxlength="4" name="articleFinderModel.ArtRefYear" placeholder="e.g. 2024" type="text" value="" /> </div> <div class="column-table__cell autopad--h"> <label for="articleFinderModel_ArtRefStartPage" class="input__label">Page</label> <input class="input__field input__field--slim block" id="articleFinderModel_ArtRefStartPage" maxlength="6" name="articleFinderModel.ArtRefStartPage" placeholder="e.g. 45" type="text" value="" /> </div> <div class="column-table__cell"> <span class="input__label input__label--block"> </span> <input id="articleFinderModel_ArtRefJournalName" name="articleFinderModel.ArtRefJournalName" type="hidden" value="Soft Matter" /> <input title="Find an article" id="go" type="submit" name="go" value="Go" class="btn btn--tiny"> </div> </div> <span class="field-validation-valid input--error" data-valmsg-for="articleFinderModel.ArtRefYear" data-valmsg-replace="true" id="errarticleFinderModel_Year"></span><span class="field-validation-valid input--error" data-valmsg-for="articleFinderModel.ArtRefStartPage" data-valmsg-replace="true" id="errarticleFinderModel_StartPage"></span></form> <div class="issue-navigator" id="browse_issues"> <h3 class="h--heading3" id="JournalIssueFinderLabel"> Find issues by year (2005 - Present) </h3> <hr class="clear"> <div id="issue-nav" class="fixpadr--xs"> <select class="select-field input--full" id="JournalIssueFinder" aria-labelledby="JournalIssueFinderLabel"> <option value="2024#20#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2024 - vol. 20</option> <option value="2023#19#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2023 - vol. 19</option> <option value="2022#18#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2022 - vol. 18</option> <option value="2021#17#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2021 - vol. 17</option> <option value="2020#16#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2020 - vol. 16</option> <option value="2019#15#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2019 - vol. 15</option> <option value="2018#14#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2018 - vol. 14</option> <option value="2017#13#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2017 - vol. 13</option> <option value="2016#12#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2016 - vol. 12</option> <option value="2015#11#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2015 - vol. 11</option> <option value="2014#10#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2014 - vol. 10</option> <option value="2013#9#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2013 - vol. 9</option> <option value="2012#8#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2012 - vol. 8</option> <option value="2011#7#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2011 - vol. 7</option> <option value="2010#6#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2010 - vol. 6</option> <option value="2009#5#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2009 - vol. 5</option> <option value="2008#4#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2008 - vol. 4</option> <option value="2007#3#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2007 - vol. 3</option> <option value="2006#2#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2006 - vol. 2</option> <option value="2005#1#current#1744-683X#SM#1744-6848#volname">2005 - vol. 1</option> </select> </div> <br /> <div class="issue-list--loading fixpadv--s t-center" style="display: none;"> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/Ajax-GA-Loader.gif" alt="" /> </div> <div class="issue-list--content"> </div> </div> <div class="journal-links"> <h3 class="h--heading3">Journal information</h3> <div class="pnl pnl--border"> <div class="list-control"> <ul class="list__collection"> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/soft-matter" class="list__item-link"> <span class="list__item-label">About this Journal</span> </a> </li> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/soft-matter/#EO" class="list__item-link"> <span class="list__item-label">People and Contacts</span> </a> </li> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/soft-matter/#boards-staff" class="list__item-link"> <span class="list__item-label">Editorial Board</span> </a> </li> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/soft-matter/#subscription-information" class="list__item-link"> <span class="list__item-label">Subscription Information</span> </a> </li> <li class="list__item--dashed"> <div class="list__item-label"> <span>Follow</span> <span><a href="http://feeds.rsc.org/rss/sm" class="social-icon social-icon--rss" title="RSS"> </a></span> <span>| </span> <span><a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/journal-email-alerts-service/" class="social-icon social-icon--ealert" title="eAlerts"> </a></span> <span>|</span> <span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Soft-Matter/272765506070866" title="facebook" class="social-icon social-icon--facebook"> </a></span> <span>|</span> <span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.twitter.com/softmatter" title="twitter" class="social-icon social-icon--twitter"> </a></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="layout__content layout__content--padded text--centered"> <h3 class="h--heading4">Spotlight</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-1' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-1'); });</script> </div> <h3 class="h--heading4">Advertisements</h3> <div id='div-dfp-ad-2' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-2'); });</script> </div> <div id='div-dfp-ad-3' class="dfp-ad__slot--mpu"> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-dfp-ad-3'); });</script> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div data-id="pnlGlobalFooter"> <div class="rsc-ui">  <footer class="rsc-footer"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="viewport"> <nav aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ul> <li class="extra"><a href="https://www.rsc.org">rsc.org</a></li> <li> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/chevron-right.png" width="8" height="8" alt="" /> <a href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/" class="selected">Journals, books & databases</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class='nav' id='pnlSiteMap'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='rsc-logo'> <img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/rsc-logo-rev-pubs.svg" alt="Royal Society of Chemistry homepage"> </div> <div class='links'> <ul> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/'>Home</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/about-us/'>About us</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/'>Membership & professional community</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/campaigning-outreach/'>Campaigning & outreach</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/'>Journals, books & databases</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/teaching-and-learning/'>Teaching & learning</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/news-events/'>News & events</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/locations-contacts/'>Locations & contacts</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/careers/'>Careers</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/awards-funding/'>Awards & funding</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/advertise/'>Advertise</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/'>Help & legal</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/privacy/'>Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href='https://www.rsc.org/help-legal/legal/terms-conditions/'>Terms & conditions</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr class='clear'> </div> </div> <div class='baseline'> <div class='viewport'> <div class='social-icons'> <a href='https://www.facebook.com/RoyalSocietyofChemistry' class='facebook'><span class='sr-only'>Facebook</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/facebook-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://twitter.com/RoySocChem' class='twitter'><span class='sr-only'>Twitter</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/twitter-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.linkedin.com/company/23105' class='linkedin'><span class='sr-only'>LinkedIn</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/linkedin-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> <a href='https://www.youtube.com/user/wwwRSCorg' id='lastLinkOnPage' class='youtube'><span class='sr-only'>YouTube</span><img src='https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/NewImages/youtube-128.png' height='32' width='32' alt=''></a> </div> <div class='copyright'> © Royal Society of Chemistry 2024<br>Registered charity number: 207890 </div> </div> </div> <hr class='clear'> </footer>  <div class="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer"> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-non-br">This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-global"> See how this site uses <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="See how this site uses cookies" aria-label="See how this site uses cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> <span id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-ca" style="display: none;"> <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Do not sell my personal data" aria-label="Do not sell my personal data">Do not sell my personal data</a>. </span> </div> <div id="rsc-onetrust-cookie-footer-br" style="display: none;"> Este site coleta cookies para oferecer uma melhor experiência ao usuário. <span> Veja como este site usa <a href="/en/content/cookies" title="Veja como este site usa cookies" aria-label="Veja como este site usa cookies">Cookies</a>. </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal__canvas modal__canvas--clickclose"> </div> <div class="pubs-nav-drawer" aria-hidden="true"> <nav class="pubs-nav-control" aria-label="Site menu"> <div class="pubs-nav__header"> <a href="#" role="button" class="pubs-header__btn pubs-nav__close nav-item-first" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Close site menu"><img src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/oxygen/assets/icons/cross-light.png" width="24" alt=""></a> <a href="/" class="pubs-header__link--home pubs-nav__title" tabindex="-1" title="Publishing home page" aria-label="Publishing home page">Publishing</a> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__body scrollbar--slim"> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Journals</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=current" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Current Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=archive" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Archive Journals</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/journals?key=title&value=all" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">All Journals</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Books</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/search-results?fl_SiteID=5&page=1&f_ContentType=Book&sort=Date+-+Newest+First" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Browse Books</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://books.rsc.org/books/collections/series" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Series</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/propose-book-idea/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Authors and Editors</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/book-authors/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">About</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">Databases</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/databases-literature-updates/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Literature Updates</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chemspider.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">ChemSpider</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/merck-index" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">The Merck Index*</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://marinlit.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">MarinLit</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="pubs-nav__list autopad--h"> <h2 class="pubs-nav__heading">More</h2> <ul class="pubs-nav__ul"> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/resources-tools/research-tools/#access" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Members</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/librarian/home" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">For Librarians</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/about-journals/journal-email-alerts-service/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Subscribe</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_self" href="/en/ealerts/rssfeed" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">RSS Feeds</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://blogs.rsc.org/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Blogs</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.chemistryworld.com/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Chemistry World</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://edu.rsc.org/eic" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Education in Chemistry</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rsc.org/journals-books-databases/open-access/" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Open Access</a> </li> <li class="pubs-nav__item pubs-nav__indent"> <a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.rsc.org/historical-collection" class="pubs-nav__link" tabindex="-1">Historical Collection</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <script> var eCommerceGetOrderItemCountUrl = 'https://www.rsc.org/basket/shoppingcart/getorderitemcount'; var hideNotificationMessageUrl = '/en/home/HideNotificationMessage'; var brandingBarUrl = '/en/home/branding_New'; </script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/vendor.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.rsc-cdn.org/pubs-core/2022.0.159/content/Scripts/dist/pubs-ui.min.js"></script> <script> // Properties for JLP tabs var JLPTabs = { "recentarticles": { hash: "recentarticles", link: "#btnrecentarticles", panel: "#pnlrecentarticles", content: "#tabrecentarticles", url: '/en/journals/getrecentarticles', parameters: { name: 'SM', issueid: '', jname: 'Soft Matter', pageno: 1, doiList: '', issnprint: '1744-683X', issnonline: '1744-6848', iscontentavailable: 'True', articlesubmissionurl: 'http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sm', latestissueid: 'SM020046', category: "advancearticles" } }, "issues": { hash: "issues", link: "#btnissues", panel: "#pnlissues", content: "#tabissues", url: '/en/journals/issues', parameters: { name: 'SM', issueid: '', jname: 'Soft Matter', pageno: 1, isarchive: 'False', issnprint: '1744-683X', issnonline: '1744-6848', iscontentavailable: 'True', publishOnlyVolume: 'False', articlesubmissionurl: 'http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sm', latestissueid: 'SM020046', category: "advancearticles", duration: "" } }, "subjects": { hash: "subjects", link: "#btnsubjects", panel: "#pnlsubjects", content: "#tabsubjects", url: '/en/journals/subjects', parameters: { name: 'SM', issnprint: '1744-683X', issnonline: '1744-6848', pageno: 1, // TODO: Paging removed as part of PUBS-3142 pageSize: 12, // This is currently set in Web.config duration: "" } }, "themedcollections": { hash: "themedcollections", link: "#btnthemedcollections", panel: "#pnlthemedcollections", content: "#tabthemedcollections", url: '/en/journals/themedissues', parameters: { name: 'SM', issueid: '', jname: 'Soft Matter', pagesize: 127, issnprint: '1744-683X', issnonline: '1744-6848', iscontentavailable: 'True', articlesubmissionurl: 'http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sm', latestissueid: 'SM020046', category: "advancearticles", duration: "" } } }; var JLPPageUrl = 'https://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/journal/sm'; var JLPIssueFinder = { listUrl: '/en/journals/JournalIssuesForYear', parameters: { root: "" } }; var LoadIssueList = function LoadIssueList() { var $spinner = $("#browse_issues .issue-list--loading"), $content = $("#browse_issues .issue-list--content"); $content.empty(); $spinner.show(); $content.load(JLPIssueFinder.listUrl, JLPIssueFinder.parameters, function () { $spinner.hide(); }); }; var JLPForms = { "SearchThisJournal": { id: "[id='JournalSimpleSearch-form']", fields: { searchInput: { el: "[id='JournalSearchText']", validator: function(v) { return jQuery.trim(v).length; }, msg: "Please specify search criteria", msgErr: "errJournalSearchText" } } }, "FindAnArticle": { id: "[id='ArticleFinder-form']", fields: { yearInput: { el: "[id='articleFinderModel_ArtRefYear']", validator: function(v) { return v.length; }, msg: 'Please specify year', msgErr: "errarticleFinderModel_Year" }, pageInput: { el: "[id='articleFinderModel_ArtRefStartPage']", validator: function() { return true; } }, journalName: { el: "[id='articleFinderModel_ArtRefJournalName']", validator: function(v) { return v.length; } } } } }; // Server may suggest which tab to activate, e.g. when navigating // between issues in different journals var JLPActiveTabIndex = parseInt(0, 10) || 0; // Toggles display of volume number (if applicable) in issue masthead var isPublishOnlyVolume = false; var JLPTabReloadTrigger = { type: "click", forceReload: true }; var GetTabSpinner = function GetTabSpinner(tabName) { return $(JLPTabs[tabName].content).find(".tab-loading"); }; var GetTabContentArea = function GetTabContentArea(tabName) { return $(JLPTabs[tabName].content).find(".tab-content"); }; var LoadTabContents = function LoadTabContents(tabName) { var tab = JLPTabs[tabName]; var $spinner = GetTabSpinner(tabName); var $content = GetTabContentArea(tabName); $content.hide(); $spinner.show(); pubsui.$handler.announcer.loading(); $content.load(tab.url, tab.parameters, function(results) { TabLoadedCallback(tabName); }); }; var TabLoadedCallback = function TabLoadedCallback(tabName) { var $spinner = GetTabSpinner(tabName); var $content = GetTabContentArea(tabName); $spinner.hide(); $content.show().find("img[data-original]").lazyload({ effect: "fadeIn", threshold: 200 }); BindArticlePaging(tabName); }; var BindArticlePaging = function (tabName) { var tab = JLPTabs[tabName]; var $content = GetTabContentArea(tabName); $content.find(".paging__btn").on("click", function (e) { if (!($(this).hasClass("paging__btn--disabled"))) { JLPTabs[tabName].parameters.pageno = $(this).data("pageno"); $(tab.link).trigger(JLPTabReloadTrigger); } e.preventDefault(); }); }; var ShowJLPTab = function ShowJLPTab(tabName, forceReload) { if (JLPTabs.hasOwnProperty(tabName)) { var tab = JLPTabs[tabName], $tabPanel = $(tab.panel); // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) if (!forceReload) { $.address.value(tab.hash); } if ($tabPanel.attr("data-loaded") === "false" || forceReload) { LoadTabContents(tabName); } // Move keyboard focus to tab link when paging between recent articles or issues // or after toggling 'Include Accepted Manuscripts' if (forceReload) { $(tab.link).focus(); } // If tab was not yet shown if ($tabPanel.attr("data-loaded") === "false") { $tabPanel.attr("data-loaded", "true"); } } }; var ExtractIssueUrlParams = function ExtractIssueUrlParams(hash) { var i, qsParam, qsParams, urlParams; // Discard hash-bang and separate query string parameters qsParams = hash.substr(hash.indexOf("issueid")).split("&"); urlParams = { "issueid": "", "type": "", "issnprint": "", "issnonline": "" }; // Extract all valid query string parameters for (i = 0; i < qsParams.length; i++) { qsParam = qsParams[i].split("="); if (urlParams.hasOwnProperty(qsParam[0])) { urlParams[qsParam[0]] = encodeURIComponent(qsParam[1]); } } return urlParams; }; var InitialiseForm = function InitialiseForm(form) { var form = JLPForms[form]; $(form.id).submit(function (e) { var el, value, valid = true; ClearValidationMessages(); $.each(form.fields, function(i, field) { el = $(field.el); value = el.val(); if (field.validator && !field.validator(value)) { el.attr({ "aria-invalid": true, "aria-describedby": field.msgErr }); $("[id=" + field.msgErr + "]").text(field.msg).show(); // Return focus to the first invalid field if (valid) { el.focus(); valid = false; } } }); // Block submission if (!valid) return false; }); }; var ClearValidationMessages = function ClearValidationMessages() { for (form in JLPForms) { $.each(JLPForms[form].fields, function(i, field) { $("[id=" + field.msgErr + "]").text("").hide(); $(field.el).removeAttr("aria-invalid"); }); } }; var ResetIssuesTabParameters = function ResetIssuesTabParameters() { // Reset issue paging and subject filter JLPTabs.issues.parameters.pageno = 1; delete JLPTabs.issues.parameters.subjectName; delete JLPTabs.issues.parameters.subjectIDValue; }; $(document).ready(function () { var tabProps, urlParams, currentHash = window.location.hash.toLowerCase(), image = new Image(), hiRes = $(".covbnr__cover"); // Cover banner if (hiRes.length) { image.onload = function () { hiRes.css('background-image', 'url(' + image.src + ')') hiRes.addClass("loaded"); }; image.src = hiRes.data("hisrc"); } // Requires jQuery Address Plugin v1.5 (scripts/jquery.address-1.5.min.js) $.address.crawlable(true); $.address.strict(false); // Bind mobile sticky footer nav bar links $(".mobile-footer_cell a").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $($(this).attr("href"))[0].scrollIntoView(); }); // Initialise 'Search this journal', 'Find an issue/volume' and 'Find an article' forms for (form in JLPForms) { InitialiseForm(form); } // Bind all tabs, including any custom data from UI triggers $(".tab__btn").on("click", function (e) { ShowJLPTab($(this).attr("id").substring(3), e.forceReload || false); }); // 1. Override the initial tab selection if the URL hash matches an available tab for (tab in JLPTabs) { tabProps = JLPTabs[tab]; if (currentHash.indexOf(tabProps.hash) !== -1 && $(tabProps.link).length) { // Include Accepted Manuscripts in 'Recent Articles' tab list if (currentHash.indexOf(JLPTabs.recentarticles.hash) !== -1 && currentHash.indexOf("&all") !== -1) { JLPTabs.recentarticles.parameters.category = "allrecentarticles"; } $(tabProps.link).trigger("click"); } } // 2. Checks for 'issueid' in the URL hash if (currentHash.indexOf("issueid") !== -1 && $(JLPTabs.issues.link).length) { urlParams = ExtractIssueUrlParams(currentHash); // PUBS-6392 - Redirect and reload page when a print ISSN is specified in the // hash-bang URL which doesn't match the print ISSN for the current page. This // is necessary for issues in archived print journals which share their journal // code with a current journal, eg. DT, EM and MD if (urlParams.issnprint && urlParams.issnprint !== JLPTabs.issues.parameters.issnprint) { window.location.replace(JLPPageUrl + "?issueid=" + urlParams.issueid + "&type=" + urlParams.type + "&issnprint=" + urlParams.issnprint); } // Override original page variables JLPTabs.issues.parameters.issueid = urlParams.issueid; JLPTabs.issues.parameters.isarchive = (urlParams.type.toLowerCase() === "archive" ? "True" : "False"); JLPTabs.issues.parameters.issnprint = urlParams.issnprint; JLPTabs.issues.parameters.issnonline = urlParams.issnonline; $(JLPTabs.issues.link).trigger("click"); } // 3. Otherwise use the tab index provided by the server (or default to zero) else if (!$(".tab__panel[data-loaded='true']").length) { $(".tab__btn").eq(JLPActiveTabIndex).trigger("click"); } // Year/volume selector $("#JournalIssueFinder").on("change", function () { JLPIssueFinder.parameters.root = $(this).val(); LoadIssueList(); }); // Load current or last year $("#JournalIssueFinder").trigger("change"); // Hide empty 'Journal information' section if (!$(".journal-links li").length) { $(".journal-links").hide(); }; }); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Soft Matter Home-An interdisciplinary journal focusing on innovative soft matter topics through original research and reviews.<br/><br/>Editor-in-chief: Alfred Crosby<br/>Impact factor: 2.9<br/>Time to first decision (peer reviewed only): 36 days