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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kimia+anorganik" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimia+anorganik" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Kimia+anorganik" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Kimia+anorganik" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_teoretis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_teoretis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kimia anorganik teoretis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_teoretis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_deskriptif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_deskriptif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kimia anorganik deskriptif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_deskriptif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_dan_termodinamika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_dan_termodinamika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kimia anorganik dan termodinamika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_dan_termodinamika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_mekanistik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_mekanistik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kimia anorganik mekanistik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_mekanistik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_industri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_industri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kimia anorganik industri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_industri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_sintetik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimia_anorganik_sintetik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kimia anorganik sintetik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimia_anorganik_sintetik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karakterisasi_senyawa_anorganik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakterisasi_senyawa_anorganik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Karakterisasi senyawa anorganik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karakterisasi_senyawa_anorganik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kimia anorganik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 104 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganiese_chemie" title="Anorganiese chemie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Anorganiese chemie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganische_Chemie" title="Anorganische Chemie – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Anorganische Chemie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimica_inorganica" title="Quimica inorganica – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Quimica inorganica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كيمياء لاعضوية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كيمياء لاعضوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="অজৈৱ ৰসায়ন – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অজৈৱ ৰসায়ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A1nica" title="Química inorgánica – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Química inorgánica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qeyri-%C3%BCzvi_kimya" title="Qeyri-üzvi kimya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qeyri-üzvi kimya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Органик булмаған химия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Органик булмаған химия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorgan%C4%97n%C4%97_kem%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Neorganėnė kemėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Neorganėnė kemėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganikong_kimika" title="Inorganikong kimika – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Inorganikong kimika" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Неарганічная хімія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неарганічная хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Неарганічная хімія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Неарганічная хімія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неорганична химия – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неорганична химия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="অজৈব রসায়ন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অজৈব রসায়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganska_hemija" title="Neorganska hemija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neorganska hemija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A0nica" title="Química inorgànica – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Química inorgànica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="کیمیای نائەندامی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کیمیای نائەندامی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganick%C3%A1_chemie" title="Anorganická chemie – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Anorganická chemie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Органикăлла мар хими – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Органикăлла мар хими" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemeg_anorganig" title="Cemeg anorganig – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cemeg anorganig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uorganisk_kemi" title="Uorganisk kemi – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uorganisk kemi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganische_Chemie" title="Anorganische Chemie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Anorganische Chemie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ανόργανη χημεία – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανόργανη χημεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Inorganic chemistry" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganika_kemio" title="Neorganika kemio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neorganika kemio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A1nica" title="Química inorgánica – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Química inorgánica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorgaaniline_keemia" title="Anorgaaniline keemia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Anorgaaniline keemia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika_ez-organiko" title="Kimika ez-organiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kimika ez-organiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C" title="شیمی معدنی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شیمی معدنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%A4orgaaninen_kemia" title="Epäorgaaninen kemia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epäorgaaninen kemia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93l%C3%ADvrunnin_evnafr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Ólívrunnin evnafrøði – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ólívrunnin evnafrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie_min%C3%A9rale" title="Chimie minérale – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chimie minérale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_cheimic_neamhorg%C3%A1nach" title="An cheimic neamhorgánach – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An cheimic neamhorgánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimi_inorganik" title="Chimi inorganik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chimi inorganik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A1nica" title="Química inorgánica – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Química inorgánica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_Chemistry" title="Inorganic Chemistry – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Inorganic Chemistry" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="כימיה אי-אורגנית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כימיה אי-אורגנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="अकार्बनिक रसायन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अकार्बनिक रसायन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Inorganic chemistry" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganska_kemija" title="Anorganska kemija – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Anorganska kemija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szervetlen_k%C3%A9mia" title="Szervetlen kémia – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szervetlen kémia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D6%85%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Անօրգանական քիմիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անօրգանական քիմիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimia_inorganic" title="Chimia inorganic – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chimia inorganic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganika_kemio" title="Neorganika kemio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Neorganika kemio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93l%C3%ADfr%C3%A6n_efnafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Ólífræn efnafræði – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ólífræn efnafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica_inorganica" title="Chimica inorganica – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chimica inorganica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="無機化学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無機化学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaagianik_kimischri" title="Inaagianik kimischri – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Inaagianik kimischri" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არაორგანული ქიმია – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არაორგანული ქიმია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Анорганикалық химия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Анорганикалық химия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82" title="គីមីអសរីរាង្គ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គីមីអសរីរាង្គ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94%ED%95%99" title="무기화학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무기화학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kymygieth_anorganek" title="Kymygieth anorganek – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kymygieth anorganek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Органикалык эмес химия – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Органикалык эмес химия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia_inorganica" title="Chemia inorganica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chemia inorganica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganesch_Chimie" title="Anorganesch Chimie – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Anorganesch Chimie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimica_inurganica" title="Chimica inurganica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Chimica inurganica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganin%C4%97_chemija" title="Neorganinė chemija – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neorganinė chemija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganisk%C4%81_%C4%B7%C4%ABmija" title="Neorganiskā ķīmija – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neorganiskā ķīmija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Неорганска хемија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неорганска хемија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="അകാർബണിക രസതന്ത്രം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അകാർബണിക രസതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia_tak_organik" title="Kimia tak organik – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kimia tak organik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A9%E1%80%82%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="အင်ဩဂဲနစ် ဓာတုဗေဒ – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်ဩဂဲနစ် ဓာတုဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorgaansch_Chemie" title="Anorgaansch Chemie – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Anorgaansch Chemie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganische_chemie" title="Anorganische chemie – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Anorganische chemie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uorganisk_kjemi" title="Uorganisk kjemi – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Uorganisk kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uorganisk_kjemi" title="Uorganisk kjemi – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Uorganisk kjemi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimia_inorganica" title="Quimia inorganica – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Quimia inorganica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਕਾਰਬਨੀ ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਕਾਰਬਨੀ ਰਸਾਇਣ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemia_nieorganiczna" title="Chemia nieorganiczna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chemia nieorganiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انکاربن کیمسٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انکاربن کیمسٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_inorg%C3%A2nica" title="Química inorgânica – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Química inorgânica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimie_anorganic%C4%83" title="Chimie anorganică – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chimie anorganică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неорганическая химия – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неорганическая химия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Неорганична хемия – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Неорганична хемия" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Органикаламмат химия – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Органикаламмат химия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inorganic chemistry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A_%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="غير نامياتي ڪيميا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="غير نامياتي ڪيميا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neorganska_hemija" title="Neorganska hemija – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neorganska hemija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="අකාබනික රසායනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අකාබනික රසායනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inorganic_chemistry" title="Inorganic chemistry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inorganic chemistry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganick%C3%A1_ch%C3%A9mia" title="Anorganická chémia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Anorganická chémia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganska_kemija" title="Anorganska kemija – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Anorganska kemija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia_inorganike" title="Kimia inorganike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kimia inorganike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Неорганска хемија – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неорганска хемија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia_anorganik" title="Kimia anorganik – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kimia anorganik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oorganisk_kemi" title="Oorganisk kemi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oorganisk kemi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_isiyokaboni" title="Kemia isiyokaboni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kemia isiyokaboni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="கனிம வேதியியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கனிம வேதியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="เคมีอนินทรีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคมีอนินทรีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimikang_inorganiko" title="Kimikang inorganiko – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kimikang inorganiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0norganik_kimya" title="İnorganik kimya – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnorganik kimya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Органик булмаган химия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Органик булмаган химия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Неорганічна хімія – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неорганічна хімія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="غیرنامیاتی کیمیاء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غیرنامیاتی کیمیاء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganik_kimyo" title="Anorganik kimyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Anorganik kimyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorganine_himii" title="Anorganine himii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anorganine himii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_v%C3%B4_c%C6%A1" title="Hóa vô cơ – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hóa vô cơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimika_inorganika" title="Kimika inorganika – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kimika inorganika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="无机化学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אומארגאנישע כעמיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אומארגאנישע כעמיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="无机化学 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="无机化学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BB-ki_h%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Bû-ki hòa-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bû-ki hòa-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="無機化學 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="無機化學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26333518">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse" style="border:2px solid #DDDDFF"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Bagian dari <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">seri</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#DDDDFF;font-size:175%;font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">Ilmu Pengetahuan</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:PrirodneNauke.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png/100px-PrirodneNauke.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/PrirodneNauke.png 1.5x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_formal" title="Ilmu formal">Formal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logika" title="Logika">Logika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">Matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logika_matematika" title="Logika matematika">Logika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika_matematika" title="Statistika matematika">Statistika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer_teoretis" title="Ilmu komputer teoretis">Ilmu komputer teoretis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_permainan" title="Teori permainan">Teori permainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_keputusan" title="Teori keputusan">Teori keputusan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_aktuaria" title="Ilmu aktuaria">Ilmu aktuaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_informasi" title="Teori informasi">Teori informasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sistem" title="Teori sistem">Teori sistem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_fisik" title="Ilmu fisik">Fisikal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika">Fisika</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_klasik" title="Fisika klasik">Fisika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_modern" title="Fisika modern">Fisika modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_komputasi" title="Fisika komputasi">Fisika komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_atom" title="Fisika atom">Fisika atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_nuklir" title="Fisika nuklir">Fisika nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_partikel" title="Fisika partikel">Fisika partikel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_eksperimental" title="Fisika eksperimental">Fisika eksperimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_teori" title="Fisika teori">Fisika teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_benda_terkondensasi" title="Fisika benda terkondensasi">Fisika benda terkondensasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">Mekanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik">Mekanika klasik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kontinuum" title="Mekanika kontinuum">Mekanika kontinuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheologi">Rheologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_benda_padat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekanika benda padat">Mekanika benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_fluida" title="Mekanika fluida">Mekanika fluida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasma_(wujud_zat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasma (wujud zat)">Fisika plasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">Termodinamika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_umum" title="Relativitas umum">Relativitas umum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativitas_khusus" title="Relativitas khusus">Relativitas khusus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_dawai" title="Teori dawai">Teori dawai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kuantum" title="Teori medan kuantum">Teori medan kuantum</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">Kimia</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_asam_basa" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaksi asam basa">Reaksi asam basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_analitik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia analitik">Kimia analitik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">Astrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">Kimia lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_pangan" title="Kimia pangan">Kimia pangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">Kimia hijau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kimia anorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_material" title="Teknik material">Ilmu bahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_molekuler" title="Fisika molekuler">Fisika molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">Kimia nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">Fotokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisik" title="Kimia fisik">Kimia fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimia" title="Radiokimia">Radiokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_benda_padat" title="Kimia benda padat">Kimia benda padat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">Kimia supramolekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">Ilmu permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">Kimia teori</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">Astronomi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrofisika" title="Astrofisika">Astrofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmologi" title="Kosmologi">Kosmologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_galaksi" title="Astronomi galaksi">Astronomi galaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi_planet" title="Geologi planet">Geologi planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_keplanetan" title="Ilmu keplanetan">Ilmu keplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_bintang" title="Astronomi bintang">Astronomi bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomi_radio" title="Astronomi radio">Astronomi radio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instrumentasi_astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instrumentasi astronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Instrumentasi astronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrogeologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrogeologi">Astrogeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrometri" title="Astrometri">Astrometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeoastronomi" title="Arkeoastronomi">Arkeoastronomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Astroarkeologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Astroarkeologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Astroarkeologi</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_bumi" class="mw-disambig" title="Ilmu bumi">Ilmu bumi</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologi" title="Meteorologi">Meteorologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klimatologi" title="Klimatologi">Klimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodesi" title="Geodesi">Geodesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geologi" title="Geologi">Geologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geomorfologi" title="Geomorfologi">Geomorfologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geofisika" title="Geofisika">Geofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glasiologi" title="Glasiologi">Glasiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologi" title="Hidrologi">Hidrologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi">Oseanografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoklimatologi" title="Paleoklimatologi">Paleoklimatologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologi" title="Paleoekologi">Paleoekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi">Palinologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedologi" title="Pedologi">Pedologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edafologi" title="Edafologi">Edafologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_fisik" title="Geografi fisik">Geografi fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_luar_angkasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu luar angkasa (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu luar angkasa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_hayati" title="Ilmu hayati">Hayati</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika">Biofisika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_evolusioner" title="Biologi evolusioner">Biologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan">Biologi kelautan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_konservasi" title="Biologi konservasi">Biologi konservasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel">Biologi sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_tanah" title="Biologi tanah">Biologi tanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopsikologi" title="Biopsikologi">Biopsikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi">Bioteknologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">Botani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnobiologi" title="Etnobiologi">Etnobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi">Etologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">Fisiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi">Gerontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi">Imunologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriobiologi" title="Kriobiologi">Kriobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi">Limnologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi">Mikrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">Paleontologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitologi" title="Parasitologi">Parasitologi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Radiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika">Sistematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi">Toksikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi">Zoologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial">Sosial</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">Antropologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">Arkeologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminologi" title="Kriminologi">Kriminologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi">Demografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekonomi" title="Ekonomi">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan" title="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geografi_manusia" title="Geografi manusia">Geografi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_internasional" title="Hubungan internasional">Hubungan internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">Hukum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik" title="Linguistik">Linguistik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_politik" title="Ilmu politik">Ilmu politik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">Sosiologi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_terapan" title="Ilmu terapan">Terapan</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Teknik" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik">Teknik dan rekayasa</a></b><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kedirgantaraan" title="Teknik kedirgantaraan">Dirgantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" class="mw-redirect" title="Rekayasa genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">Ilmu komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_industri" title="Teknik industri">Industri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_kimia" title="Teknik kimia">Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_komputer" title="Teknik komputer">Komputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_listrik" title="Teknik listrik">Listrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_mesin" title="Teknik mesin">Mesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeni" title="Zeni">Militer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_nuklir" title="Teknik nuklir">Nuklir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rekayasa_perangkat_lunak" title="Rekayasa perangkat lunak">Perangkat lunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_perlindungan_kebakaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik perlindungan kebakaran">Perlindungan kebakaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertambangan" title="Teknik pertambangan">Pertambangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_pertanian" title="Teknik pertanian">Pertanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riset_operasi" title="Riset operasi">Riset operasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotika" title="Robotika">Robotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">Sipil</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kesehatan" title="Ilmu kesehatan">Ilmu kesehatan</a></b><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi">Epidemiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmasi" title="Farmasi">Farmasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran">Kedokteran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_gigi" title="Kedokteran gigi">Kedokteran gigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan">Kedokteran hewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keperawatan" title="Keperawatan">Keperawatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perawatan_kesehatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perawatan kesehatan">Perawatan kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biologis">Teknik biologis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Antardisiplin" title="Antardisiplin">Antardisiplin</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_terapan" title="Fisika terapan">Fisika terapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_buatan" title="Kecerdasan buatan">Kecerdasan buatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioetika" title="Bioetika">Bioetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika">Bioinformatika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_biomedis" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik biomedis">Teknik biomedis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika">Biostatistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_kognitif" title="Ilmu kognitif">Ilmu kognitif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_kompleks" title="Sistem kompleks">Sistem kompleks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistik_komputasi" title="Linguistik komputasi">Linguistik komputasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_budaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi budaya (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibernetika" title="Sibernetika">Sibernetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_lingkungan" title="Ilmu lingkungan">Ilmu lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_sosial_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu sosial lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu sosial lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_lingkungan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi lingkungan (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi lingkungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studi_etnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studi etnik (halaman belum tersedia)">Studi etnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psikologi_evolusioner" title="Psikologi evolusioner">Psikologi evolusioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan">Kehutanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesehatan" title="Kesehatan">Kesehatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_perpustakaan" title="Ilmu perpustakaan">Ilmu perpustakaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_matematika_dan_teori" title="Biologi matematika dan teori">Biologi matematika dan teori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_matematika" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika matematika">Fisika matematika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_militer" title="Ilmu militer">Ilmu militer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_jaringan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu jaringan (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu jaringan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknik_syaraf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknik syaraf (halaman belum tersedia)">Teknik syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_syaraf" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu syaraf">Ilmu syaraf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kajian_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kajian ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Kajian ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu,_teknologi,_dan_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu, teknologi, dan masyarakat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permodelan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permodelan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Permodelan ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiotika" title="Semiotika">Semiotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosiobiologi" title="Sosiobiologi">Sosiobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistika" title="Statistika">Statistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_sistem" title="Ilmu sistem">Ilmu sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transdisiplineritas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transdisiplineritas (halaman belum tersedia)">Transdisiplineritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perencanaan_kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Perencanaan kota">Perencanaan kota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_web" title="Ilmu web">Ilmu web</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="background:#F8F9FA;padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0;background:#DDDDFF;font-size:100%;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Filosofi" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofi">Filosofi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sejarah" title="Sejarah">Sejarah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penelitian_murni" title="Penelitian murni">Penelitian murni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_masyarakat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu masyarakat (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu masyarakat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fringe science (halaman belum tersedia)">Fringe science</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ilmu" title="Sejarah ilmu">Sejarah ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofi_ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofi ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)">Filosofi ilmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protosains" title="Protosains">Protosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_semu" title="Ilmu semu">Pseudosains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_akademik" title="Kebebasan akademik">Kebebasan akademik</a></li> <li><b>Sains</b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebijakan_ilmiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebijakan ilmiah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kebijakan</a></li> <li><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/16px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/24px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png/32px-Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_%28selenide%29_with_complete_passivation.png 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1643" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Ilmu" title="Portal:Ilmu">Portal Ilmu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ilmu" title="Kategori:Ilmu">Kategori</a></span></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ilmu" title="Templat:Ilmu"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Ilmu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ilmu (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ilmu&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Inorganic-montage.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inorganic-montage.png/220px-Inorganic-montage.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="1110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inorganic-montage.png/330px-Inorganic-montage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Inorganic-montage.png/440px-Inorganic-montage.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="5044" /></a><figcaption><b>Kimia anorganik mencakup banyak macam:</b><br /> <b>A:</b> <a href="/wiki/Diborana" title="Diborana">Diborana</a> mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_tiga-pusat_dua-elektron" title="Ikatan tiga-pusat dua-elektron">ikatan yang tidak biasa</a><br /> <b>B:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sesium_klorida" title="Sesium klorida">Sesium klorida</a> mempunyai pola dasar <a href="/wiki/Struktur_kristal" title="Struktur kristal">struktur kristal</a><br /> <b>C:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklopentadieniliron_dikarbonil_dimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklopentadieniliron dikarbonil dimer (halaman belum tersedia)">Fp<sub>2</sub></a> adalah kompleks <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organologam" title="Kimia organologam">organologam</a> <br /> <b>D:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polidimetilsiloksana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polidimetilsiloksana (halaman belum tersedia)">Silikon</a> digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Implan_payudara" title="Implan payudara">implan payudara</a> sampai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silly_Putty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silly Putty (halaman belum tersedia)">Silly Putty</a><br /> <b>E:</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katalis_Grubbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katalis Grubbs (halaman belum tersedia)">Katalis Grubbs</a> memenangkan <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel Kimia">Nobel Kimia 2005</a> bagi <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a><br /> <b>F:</b> <a href="/wiki/Zeolit" title="Zeolit">Zeolit</a><br /> <b>G:</b> <a href="/wiki/Tembaga(II)_asetat" title="Tembaga(II) asetat">Tembaga(II) asetat</a> mengejutkan <a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">teori</a> dengan sifat <a href="/wiki/Diamagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetik">diamagnetik</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kimia anorganik</b> adalah cabang <a href="/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia">kimia</a> yang mempelajari sifat dan reaksi <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_anorganik" title="Senyawa anorganik">senyawa anorganik</a>. Ini mencakup semua <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">senyawa kimia</a> kecuali yang berupa rantai atau cincin atom-atom karbon, yang disebut senyawa organik dan dipelajari dalam <a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">kimia organik</a>. Perbedaan antara kedua bidang ilmu ini tidak mutlak dan banyak tumpang-tindih, khususnya dalam subbidang kimia <a href="/wiki/Organologam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organologam">organologam</a>. Bidang ini memiliki banyak aplikasi dalam setiap aspek industri kimia, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">katalisis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Material" class="mw-redirect" title="Material">material</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pigmen" title="Pigmen">pigmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surfaktan" title="Surfaktan">surfaktan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelapis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelapis">pelapis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obat-obatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Obat-obatan">industri medis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahan_bakar" title="Bahan bakar">bahan bakar</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_teoretis">Kimia anorganik teoretis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik teoretis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik teoretis"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perspektif alternatif pada bidang kimia anorganik dimulai dengan atom <a href="/wiki/Model_Bohr" title="Model Bohr">model Bohr</a> serta, dengan menggunakan alat dan model <a href="/wiki/Kimia_teori" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia teori">kimia teori</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Kimia_komputasi" title="Kimia komputasi">kimia komputasi</a>, berkembang menjadi ikatan dalam molekul sederhana dan kemudian yang lebih kompleks. Presisi deskripsi mekanik kuantum untuk spesi banyak-elektron, pada kenyataannya, sangat sulit. Tantangan ini telah melahirkan banyak pendekatan semi-kuantitatif atau semi-empiris termasuk <a href="/wiki/Teori_orbital_molekul" title="Teori orbital molekul">teori orbital molekul</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_ligan" title="Teori medan ligan">teori medan ligan</a>, Sejalan dengan deskripsi teoretis, metodologi perkiraan dilakukan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Teori_fungsi_rapatan" title="Teori fungsi rapatan">teori fungsi rapatan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pengecualian pada teori, kualitatif dan kuantitatif, sangat penting dalam pengembangan bidang ini. Sebagai contoh, <a href="/wiki/Tembaga(II)_asetat" title="Tembaga(II) asetat">Cu<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub></a> hampir diamagnetik bawah suhu kamar, sedangkan <a href="/wiki/Teori_medan_kristal" title="Teori medan kristal">teori medan kristal</a> memprediksi bahwa molekul tersebut akan memiliki dua elektron tidak berpasangan. Ketidaksepakatan antara teori kualitatif (paramagnetik) dan observasi (diamagnetik) menyebabkan pengembangan model bagi "kopling magnet". Peningkatan model-model tersebut menyebabkan perkembangan pada bahan magnetik baru dan teknologi baru.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_deskriptif">Kimia anorganik deskriptif</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik deskriptif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik deskriptif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kimia anorganik deskriptif berfokus pada klasifikasi senyawa berdasarkan sifat mereka. Sebagian klasifikasi berfokus pada posisi dalam tabel periodik unsur yang terberat (unsur dengan berat atom tertinggi) dalam suatu senyawa, antara lain dengan mengelompokkan senyawa berdasarkan kesamaan strukturnya. Ketika mempelajari senyawa anorganik, orang sering menjumpai bagian dari berbagai kelas pada kimia anorganik (senyawa organologam dicirikan dengan kimia koordinasi, dan kemungkinan memperlihatkan sifat keadaan padat yang menarik).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_dan_termodinamika">Kimia anorganik dan termodinamika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik dan termodinamika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik dan termodinamika"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebuah pendekatan kuantitatif alternatif untuk kimia anorganik berfokus pada <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> <a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">reaksi kimia</a>. Pendekatan ini sangat tradisional dan <a href="/wiki/Empiris" class="mw-redirect" title="Empiris">empiris</a>, tetapi juga berguna. Konsep umum yang ditulis dalam istilah <a href="/wiki/Termodinamika" title="Termodinamika">termodinamika</a> termasuk <a href="/wiki/Potensial_elektrokimiawi" title="Potensial elektrokimiawi">potensial</a> <a href="/wiki/Redoks" title="Redoks">redoks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keasaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Keasaman">keasaman</a> dan perubahan <a href="/wiki/Fase" class="mw-disambig" title="Fase">fase</a>. Sebuah konsep klasik dalam termodinamika anorganik adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklus_Born-Haber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklus Born-Haber (halaman belum tersedia)">Born-Haber</a>, yang digunakan untuk mengkaji energi pada proses dasar seperti <a href="/wiki/Afinitas_elektron" title="Afinitas elektron">afinitas elektron</a>, beberapa di antaranya tidak dapat diamati secara langsung.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_mekanistik">Kimia anorganik mekanistik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik mekanistik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik mekanistik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aspek kimia anorganik yang cukup penting serta kian populer mengambil fokus pada jalur reaksi. Mekanisme reaksi dibahas berbeda untuk kelas senyawa yang berbeda pula. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_industri">Kimia anorganik industri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik industri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik industri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kimia anorganik adalah area ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat praktis. Secara tradisional, skala ekonomi suatu bangsa dapat dievaluasi oleh produktivitas mereka terhadap asam sulfat. Peringkat 20 teratas bahan kimia anorganik yang diproduksi di Kanada, Cina, Eropa, India, Jepang, dan Amerika Serikat (data tahun 2005):<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium_sulfat" title="Aluminium sulfat">Aluminium sulfat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amonia" title="Amonia">amonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amonium_nitrat" title="Amonium nitrat">amonium nitrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amonium_sulfat" title="Amonium sulfat">amonium sulfat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">karbon</a> hitam, <a href="/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin">klorin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_klorida" title="Asam klorida">asam klorida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">hidrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen_peroksida" title="Hidrogen peroksida">hidrogen peroksida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_nitrat" title="Asam nitrat">asam nitrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">oksigen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_fosfat" title="Asam fosfat">asam fosfat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natrium_karbonat" title="Natrium karbonat">natrium karbonat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_klorat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium klorat (halaman belum tersedia)">natrium klorat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natrium_hidroksida" title="Natrium hidroksida">natrium hidroksida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natrium_silikat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natrium silikat (halaman belum tersedia)">natrium silikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natrium_sulfat" title="Natrium sulfat">natrium sulfat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asam_sulfat" title="Asam sulfat">asam sulfat</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Titanium_dioksida" title="Titanium dioksida">titanium dioksida</a>. </p><p>Pembuatan pupuk adalah aplikasi praktis lain dari kimia anorganik industri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kimia_anorganik_sintetik">Kimia anorganik sintetik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Kimia anorganik sintetik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kimia anorganik sintetik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meskipun beberapa spesi anorganik dapat diperoleh dalam bentuk murni dari alam, sebagian besar disintesis di pabrik kimia dan di laboratorium. </p><p>Metode sintetis anorganik dapat diklasifikasikan secara kasar sesuai dengan volatilitas atau kelarutan komponen reaktan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> senyawa anorganik terlarut dipreparasi dengan menggunakan metode <a href="/wiki/Sintesis_organik" title="Sintesis organik">sintesis organik</a>. Senyawa volatil dan gas lalu dimanipulasi dalam "<i>vacuum manifold</i>" yang terdiri dari pipa kaca saling berhubungan melalui katup, keseluruhannya yang dapat divakum pada 0.001 mm Hg atau kurang. Senyawa lalu dikondensasikan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> cair (t.d. 78K) atau kriogen lainnya. Padatan biasanya disiapkan dengan menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Tanur" title="Tanur">tanur</a> tabung, reaktan dan produk ditutup dalam wadah, biasanya terbuat dari silika leburan (SiO<sub>2</sub> amorf) tapi material terkadang mendapat perlakuan khusus seperti dilas dalam tabung Ta atau "perahu" Pt. Produk dan reaktan dibawa antara zona suhu tersebut untuk menggerakkan reaksi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakterisasi_senyawa_anorganik">Karakterisasi senyawa anorganik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Karakterisasi senyawa anorganik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Karakterisasi senyawa anorganik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karena beragam unsur dan sifat sejalan yang beragam pada turunan yang dihasilkan, kimia anorganik berhubungan erat dengan banyak metode analisis. Metode yang lebih tua cenderung meneliti sifat ruah seperti konduktivitas listrik dari larutan, <a href="/wiki/Titik_leleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Titik leleh">titik leleh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kelarutan" title="Kelarutan">kelarutan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Keasaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Keasaman">keasaman</a>. Dengan munculnya <a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">teori kuantum</a> dan ekspansi yang sesuai dari perangkat elektronik, alat-alat baru telah diperkenalkan untuk menyelidiki sifat elektronik dari molekul dan padatan anorganik. Seringkali pengukuran ini memberikan wawasan yang relevan dengan model teoretis. Sebagai contoh, pengukuran pada spektrum fotoelektron dari <a href="/wiki/Metana" title="Metana">metana</a> menunjukkan bahwa dalam menggambarkan ikatan pada dua pusat, ikatan dua-elektron yang diprediksi antara karbon dan hidrogen menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Teori_ikatan_valensi" title="Teori ikatan valensi">teori ikatan valensi</a> tidak cocok untuk menggambarkan proses <a href="/wiki/Ionisasi" title="Ionisasi">ionisasi</a> secara sederhana. Pandangan tersebut menyebabkan populernya <a href="/wiki/Teori_orbital_molekul" title="Teori orbital molekul">teori orbital molekul</a> karena orbital penuh terdelokalisasi adalah deskripsi sederhana yang lebih tepat terhadap pelepasan elektron dan eksitasi elektron. </p><p>Teknik yang umum digunakan diantaranya: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi_sinar-X" title="Kristalografi sinar-X">Kristalografi sinar-X</a>: Teknik ini memungkinkan untuk penentuan 3D terhadap struktur <a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">molekul</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interferometri" title="Interferometri">Interferometer dwipolarisasi</a>: Teknik ini mengukur <a href="/wiki/Konformasi_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Konformasi kimia">konformasi kimia</a> dan perubahannya dalam molekul.</li> <li>Berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi" title="Spektroskopi">spektroskopi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_ultraviolet-tampak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi ultraviolet-tampak (halaman belum tersedia)">Spektroskopi ultraviolet-tampak</a>: Perangkat yang penting, karena banyak senyawa anorganik yang sangat berwarna</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonansi_magnet_inti" title="Resonansi magnet inti">Spektroskopi NMR</a>: Di samping <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a> dan <sup>13</sup><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> banyak inti NMR "baik" lainnya (misalnya, <sup>11</sup><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a>, <sup>19</sup><a href="/wiki/Fluorin" title="Fluorin">F</a>, <sup>31</sup><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a>, dan <sup>195</sup><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a>) memberikan informasi penting tentang sifat senyawa dan struktur. Serta NMR pada spesi paramagnetik dapat menghasilkan informasi struktur yang penting. Proton NMR juga penting karena inti hidrogen cahaya tidak mudah terdeteksi oleh kristalografi sinar-X.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektroskopi_inframerah" title="Spektroskopi inframerah">Spektroskopi inframerah</a>: Banyak digunakan dalam absorpsi <a href="/wiki/Ligan" title="Ligan">ligan</a> <a href="/wiki/Karbonil" title="Karbonil">karbonil</a></li> <li>Spektroskopi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_ganda_inti_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi ganda inti elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">resonansi ganda inti elektron</a> (ENDOR)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_M%C3%B6ssbauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi Mössbauer (halaman belum tersedia)">Spektroskopi Mössbauer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Resonansi_spin-elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Resonansi spin-elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">Resonansi spin-elektron</a>: ESR (atau EPR) digunakan untuk mengukur lingkungan pusat logam <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetik" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetik">paramagnetik</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">Elektrokimia</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltametri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltametri (halaman belum tersedia)">Voltametri</a> siklik dan teknik terkait untuk menyelidiki karakteristik redoks senyawa.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_anorganik&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1188&content_id=CTP_003393&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2fe23bbd-4dcd-4087-b35c-3a886576a618">"Careers in Chemistry: Inorganic Chemistry"</a>. American Chemical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Careers+in+Chemistry%3A+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.acs.org%2Fportal%2Facs%2Fcorg%2Fcontent%3F_nfpb%3Dtrue%26_pageLabel%3DPP_ARTICLEMAIN%26node_id%3D1188%26content_id%3DCTP_003393%26use_sec%3Dtrue%26sec_url_var%3Dregion1%26__uuid%3D2fe23bbd-4dcd-4087-b35c-3a886576a618&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Stephens, P. J.; Devlin, F.J.; Chabalowski, C.F.; Frisch, M. J. (1994). "Ab Initio Calculation of Vibrational Absorption and Circular Dichroism Spectra Using Density Functional Force Fields". <i>J. Phys. Chem</i>. <b>98</b> (11): 623.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Phys.+Chem.&rft.atitle=Ab+Initio+Calculation+of+Vibrational+Absorption+and+Circular+Dichroism+Spectra+Using+Density+Functional+Force+Fields&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=623&rft.date=1994&rft.au=Stephens%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Devlin%2C+F.J.&rft.au=Chabalowski%2C+C.F.&rft.au=Frisch%2C+M.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Juliandri (2015). "Bond Dissociation Energy of Halogen Oxides". <i>Procedia Chemistry</i>. <b>17</b>: 99–105. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proche.2015.12.114">10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Bond+Dissociation+Energy+of+Halogen+Oxides&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=99-105&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.proche.2015.12.114&rft.au=Juliandri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ventura, O. N. (1995). "The FO<sub>2</sub> radical: a new success of density functional theory". <i>Chem. Phys Lett</i>. <b>245</b>: 488.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Phys+Lett.&rft.atitle=The+FO%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+radical%3A+a+new+success+of+density+functional+theory&rft.volume=245&rft.pages=488&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Ventura%2C+O.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|atuhor2=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|penulis2=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Negodaeva, I.; de Graafa, C.; Caballola, R.; Lukovc, V.V. (1 September 2011). "On the magnetic coupling in asymmetric bridged Cu(II) dinuclear complexes: The influence of substitutions on the carboxylato group". <i>Inorganica Chimica Acta</i>. <b>375</b> (1): 166–172. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ica.2011.04.047">10.1016/j.ica.2011.04.047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=On+the+magnetic+coupling+in+asymmetric+bridged+Cu%28II%29+dinuclear+complexes%3A+The+influence+of+substitutions+on+the+carboxylato+group&rft.volume=375&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=166-172&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ica.2011.04.047&rft.au=Negodaeva%2C+I.&rft.au=de+Graafa%2C+C.&rft.au=Caballola%2C+R.&rft.au=Lukovc%2C+V.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lehn, J. M. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/supramolecularch0000lehn"><i>Supramolecular Chemistry: Concepts and Perspectives</i></a>. Weinheim: VCH. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/3-527-29311-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/3-527-29311-6">3-527-29311-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Supramolecular+Chemistry%3A+Concepts+and+Perspectives&rft.place=Weinheim&rft.pub=VCH&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=3-527-29311-6&rft.au=Lehn%2C+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsupramolecularch0000lehn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Glasser, L.; Roobottom, H. K.; Jenkins, H. D. B. (Juni 2014). "Multidimensional thermochemical cycles–Exploring three dimensions: Designer tool for estimation of the thermodynamics of reactions under varying conditions and for estimating elusive thermodynamic data". <i>The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics</i>. <b>73</b>: 130-133. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jct.2013.11.023">10.1016/j.jct.2013.11.023</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Chemical+Thermodynamics&rft.atitle=Multidimensional+thermochemical+cycles%E2%80%93Exploring+three+dimensions%3A+Designer+tool+for+estimation+of+the+thermodynamics+of+reactions+under+varying+conditions+and+for+estimating+elusive+thermodynamic+data&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=130-133&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jct.2013.11.023&rft.au=Glasser%2C+L.&rft.au=Roobottom%2C+H.+K.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+H.+D.+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tchaplyguine, M.; Peredkov, S.; Rosso, A.; Bradeanu, I.; Öhrwall, G.; Legendre, S.; Sorensen, S.; Mårtensson, N.; Svensson, S.; Björneholm, O. (November 2008). "Absolute core-level binding energy shifts between atom and solid: The Born–Haber cycle revisited for free nanoscale metal clusters". <i>Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena</i>. 166–167: 38–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Electron+Spectroscopy+and+Related+Phenomena&rft.atitle=Absolute+core-level+binding+energy+shifts+between+atom+and+solid%3A+The+Born%E2%80%93Haber+cycle+revisited+for+free+nanoscale+metal+clusters&rft.volume=166%E2%80%93167&rft.pages=38-44&rft.date=2008-11&rft.au=Tchaplyguine%2C+M.&rft.au=Peredkov%2C+S.&rft.au=Rosso%2C+A.&rft.au=Bradeanu%2C+I.&rft.au=%C3%96hrwall%2C+G.&rft.au=Legendre%2C+S.&rft.au=Sorensen%2C+S.&rft.au=M%C3%A5rtensson%2C+N.&rft.au=Svensson%2C+S.&rft.au=Bj%C3%B6rneholm%2C+O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Facts & Figures Of The Chemical Industry” Chemical and Engineering News, 10 Juli 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Girolami, G. S.; Rauchfuss, T. B.; Angelici, R. J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/synthesistechniq0000giro"><i>Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry</i></a> (edisi ke-3rd). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0935702484" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0935702484">978-0935702484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Synthesis+and+Technique+in+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.place=Mill+Valley%2C+CA&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+Science+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0935702484&rft.au=Girolami%2C+G.+S.&rft.au=Rauchfuss%2C+T.+B.&rft.au=Angelici%2C+R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsynthesistechniq0000giro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AKimia+anorganik" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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aria-labelledby="Cabang_ilmu_kimia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:CabangKimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:CabangKimia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:CabangKimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:CabangKimia (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:CabangKimia&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabang_ilmu_kimia" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Ionisasi_elektron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionisasi elektron (halaman belum tersedia)">EI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spektrometri_massa_plasma_gandeng_induktif" title="Spektrometri massa plasma gandeng induktif">ICP</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desorpsi/ionisasi_laser_berbantuan_matriks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desorpsi/ionisasi laser berbantuan matriks (halaman belum tersedia)">MALDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proses_pemisahan" title="Proses pemisahan">Proses pemisahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi" title="Kromatografi">Kromatografi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi_gas" title="Kromatografi gas">GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromatografi_cair_kinerja_tinggi" title="Kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi">HPLC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femtokimia" title="Femtokimia">Femtokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristalografi" title="Kristalografi">Kristalografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakterisasi_(ilmu_material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakterisasi (ilmu material)">Karakterisasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titrasi" title="Titrasi">Titrasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_basah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia basah (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia basah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalorimetri" title="Kalorimetri">Kalorimetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analisis_unsur" title="Analisis unsur">Analisis unsur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia fisika">Kimia fisika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elektrokimia" title="Elektrokimia">Elektrokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroelektrokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroelektrokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Spektroelektrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotoelektrokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotoelektrokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotoelektrokimia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termokimia" title="Termokimia">Termokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Termodinamika_kimia" title="Termodinamika kimia">Termodinamika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_permukaan" title="Ilmu permukaan">Ilmu permukaan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_antarmuka_dan_koloid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu antarmuka dan koloid (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilmu antarmuka dan koloid</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikromeritik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikromeritik (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikromeritik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kriokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kriokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kriokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Sonokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_struktural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia struktural (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia struktural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisika_kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisika kimia">Fisika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetika_kimia" title="Kinetika kimia">Kinetika kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kuantum" title="Kimia kuantum">Kimia kuantum</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_spin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia spin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia spin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotokimia" title="Fotokimia">Fotokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_gelombang_mikro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia gelombang mikro (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia gelombang mikro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kesetimbangan" title="Kimia kesetimbangan">Kimia kesetimbangan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kimia anorganik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kompleks_koordinasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kompleks koordinasi">Kimia koordinasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Magnetokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organologam" title="Kimia organologam">Kimia organologam</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_organolantanida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia organolantanida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia organolantanida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_bioanorganik" title="Kimia bioanorganik">Kimia bioanorganik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bioorganologam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bioorganologam (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bioorganologam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugus_fungsi" title="Gugus fungsi">Kimia gugus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_zat_padat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia zat padat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia zat padat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_keramik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia keramik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia keramik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmu_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmu material">Ilmu material</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metalurgi" title="Metalurgi">Metalurgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_keramik" title="Teknik keramik">Teknik keramik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">Ilmu polimer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik" title="Kimia organik">Kimia organik</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereokimia" title="Stereokimia">Stereokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereokimia_alkana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereokimia alkana (halaman belum tersedia)">Stereokimia alkana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_organik_fisik" title="Kimia organik fisik">Kimia organik fisik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_organik" title="Reaksi organik">Reaksi organik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Analisis_retrosintetik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Analisis retrosintetik (halaman belum tersedia)">Analisis retrosintetik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_enansioselektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis enansioselektif (halaman belum tersedia)">Sintesis enansioselektif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintesis_total&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintesis total (halaman belum tersedia)">Sintesis total</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semisintesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semisintesis (halaman belum tersedia)">Semisintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_obat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia obat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia obat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farmakologi" title="Farmakologi">Farmakologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_fulerena" title="Kimia fulerena">Kimia fulerena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_polimer" title="Kimia polimer">Kimia polimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrokimia" title="Petrokimia">Petrokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_kovalen_dinamis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia kovalen dinamis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia kovalen dinamis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_bioorganik" title="Kimia bioorganik">Kimia bioorganik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi molekuler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sel_biologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sel biologi">Sel biologi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologi_kimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologi kimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Biologi kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bioortogonal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bioortogonal (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bioortogonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klinis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klinis (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurokimia" title="Neurokimia">Neurokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_biofisik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia biofisik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia biofisik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_nuklir" title="Kimia nuklir">Kimia nuklir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiokimia" title="Radiokimia">Radiokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_radiasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia radiasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia radiasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_aktinida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia aktinida (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia aktinida</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmokimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmokimia">Kosmokimia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Astrokimia" title="Astrokimia">Astrokimia</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_bintang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia bintang (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geokimia" title="Geokimia">Geokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeokimia" title="Biogeokimia">Biogeokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotogeokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotogeokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Fotogeokimia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_lingkungan" title="Kimia lingkungan">Kimia lingkungan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_atmosfer" title="Kimia atmosfer">Kimia atmosfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_laut" class="mw-redirect" title="Kimia laut">Kimia laut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_tanah_liat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia tanah liat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia tanah liat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Karbokimia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_makanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia makanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia makanan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_karbohidrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia karbohidrat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_fisik_makanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia fisik makanan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia fisik makanan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_pertanian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia pertanian (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia pertanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_tanah" title="Kimia tanah">Kimia tanah</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendidikan_kimia" title="Pendidikan kimia">Pendidikan kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_amatir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia amatir (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia amatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_umum" title="Kimia umum">Kimia umum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klandestin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klandestin (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klandestin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_forensik" title="Kimia forensik">Kimia forensik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toksikologi_forensik" title="Toksikologi forensik">Toksikologi forensik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_post-mortem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia post-mortem (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia post-mortem</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanokimia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanokimia (halaman belum tersedia)">Nanokimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_supramolekul" title="Kimia supramolekul">Kimia supramolekul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintesis_kimia" title="Sintesis kimia">Sintesis kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_hijau" title="Kimia hijau">Kimia hijau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kimia_klik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kimia klik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kimia klik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_kombinatorial" title="Kimia kombinatorial">Kimia kombinatorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosintesis" title="Biosintesis">Biosintesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teknik_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Teknik Kimia">Teknik Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_komputasi" title="Kimia komputasi">Kimia komputasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_matematika" title="Kimia matematika">Kimia matematika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimia_teoretis" title="Kimia teoretis">Kimia teoretis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lihat pula</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_kimia" title="Sejarah kimia">Sejarah kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_dalam_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia">Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garis_waktu_kimia" title="Garis waktu kimia">Garis waktu kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_unsur_kimia" title="Penemuan unsur kimia">penemuan unsur</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_ilmu_pengetahuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat ilmu pengetahuan (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat ilmu pengetahuan</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaksi_kimia" title="Reaksi kimia">Reaksi kimia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katalisis" title="Katalisis">Katalisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">Unsur kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senyawa_kimia" title="Senyawa kimia">Senyawa kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul">Molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zat_kimia" title="Zat kimia">Zat kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_kimia" title="Ikatan kimia">Ikatan kimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkimia" title="Alkimia">Alkimia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekanika_kuantum" title="Mekanika kuantum">Mekanika kuantum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kimia" title="Kategori:Kimia">Kategori</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kimia" title="Portal:Kimia">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemistry" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chemistry">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" 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style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525776">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11978675s">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11978675s">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85023017">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567903">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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