CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Espanya - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Enero","Pebrero","Marso","Abril","Mayo","Hunyo","Hulyo","Agosto","Setyembre","Oktubre","Nobyembre","Disyembre"],"wgRequestId":"f066a738-6475-4375-a2aa-3b476385edd1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Espanya","wgTitle":"Espanya","wgCurRevisionId":2135491,"wgRevisionId":2135491,"wgArticleId":1329,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: date auto-translated","Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Kastila (es)","Mga artikulo na may wikang Kastila na pinagmulan (es)","Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)","CS1 errors: dates","CS1 errors: invalid parameter value","CS1 errors: archive-url","CS1 errors: markup","Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Kastila","Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Latin","Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters", "Pahinang may Sister project links na may default na paghahanap","Webarchive template wayback links","Pahinang may Sister project links na may nakatagong wikidata","Espanya","Mga bansa sa Europa"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Espanya","wgRelevantArticleId":1329,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Spain","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Espanya","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain": false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q29","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/800px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/640px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Espanya - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Baguhin" href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (tl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Espanya rootpage-Espanya skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Pangunahing pagpipilian</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Unang pahina</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia"><span>Mga nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo"><span>Napiling nilalaman</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Alinmang artikulo</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol"><span>Patungkol sa Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan"><span>Mga kaganapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay"><span>Pamayanan</span></a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan"><span>Kapihan</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mga huling binago</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia"><span>Makipag-ugnayan</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia."><span>Tulong</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Hanapin</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itsura</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class=""><span>Donasyon</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Espanya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class=""><span>Gumawa ng account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Espanya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Mag-login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga pansariling kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl"><span>Donasyon</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Mag-ambag</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Espanya" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Gumawa ng account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Espanya" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Mag-login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot"><span>alamin pa</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimolohiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimolohiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimolohiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimolohiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasaysayan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasaysayan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kasaysayan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kasaysayan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kasaysayan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sinaunang_kasaysayan_at_mga_tao_bago_ang_panahong_Romano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sinaunang_kasaysayan_at_mga_tao_bago_ang_panahong_Romano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Sinaunang kasaysayan at mga tao bago ang panahong Romano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sinaunang_kasaysayan_at_mga_tao_bago_ang_panahong_Romano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ang_Imperyong_Romano_at_ang_Kahariang_Gotiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ang_Imperyong_Romano_at_ang_Kahariang_Gotiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Ang Imperyong Romano at ang Kahariang Gotiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ang_Imperyong_Romano_at_ang_Kahariang_Gotiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gitnang_Panahon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gitnang_Panahon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gitnang Panahon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gitnang_Panahon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperyong_Kastila" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperyong_Kastila"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Imperyong Kastila</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperyong_Kastila-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberalismo_at_estadong-bansa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberalismo_at_estadong-bansa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Liberalismo at estadong-bansa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberalismo_at_estadong-bansa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digmaang_Panloob_ng_Espanya_at_diktadura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digmaang_Panloob_ng_Espanya_at_diktadura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Digmaang Panloob ng Espanya at diktadura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digmaang_Panloob_ng_Espanya_at_diktadura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagbabalik_sa_Demokrasya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagbabalik_sa_Demokrasya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Pagbabalik sa Demokrasya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagbabalik_sa_Demokrasya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Heograpiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Heograpiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Heograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_Pulo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Pulo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mga Pulo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Pulo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_bundok_at_ilog" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_bundok_at_ilog"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mga bundok at ilog</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_bundok_at_ilog-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamahalaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamahalaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pamahalaan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pamahalaan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Pamahalaan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pamahalaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_sangay_ng_pamahalaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sangay_ng_pamahalaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Mga sangay ng pamahalaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sangay_ng_pamahalaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ugnayang_Panlabas_ng_Espanya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ugnayang_Panlabas_ng_Espanya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Ugnayang Panlabas ng Espanya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ugnayang_Panlabas_ng_Espanya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demograpiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demograpiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demograpiya</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Demograpiya</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demograpiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mga_Wika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_Wika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Mga Wika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_Wika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Edukasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Edukasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Edukasyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Edukasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relihiyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relihiyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Relihiyon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relihiyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Kultura</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palakasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palakasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Palakasan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palakasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pista_opisyal_at_pagdiriwang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pista_opisyal_at_pagdiriwang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mga pista opisyal at pagdiriwang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pista_opisyal_at_pagdiriwang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkahati" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkahati"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Pagkahati</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkahati-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_tala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_tala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mga tala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_tala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mga sanggunian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_kawing_panlabas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mga kawing panlabas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_kawing_panlabas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Espanya</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 300 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-300" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">300 wika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Испаниа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Испаниа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seupanyo" title="Seupanyo – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Seupanyo" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Испание – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Испание" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%B5%E1%8D%93%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%AB" title="እስፓንያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እስፓንያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%93onland" title="Spēonland – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Spēonland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipen" title="Sipen – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Sipen" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="إسبانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إسبانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܐܣܦܢܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܣܦܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="سپانيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سپانيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اسبانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اسبانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেইন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="স্পেইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Испан – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Испан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espana" title="Espana – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Espana" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایسپانیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسپانیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispan%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Ispanėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ispanėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гішпанія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гішпанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spen" title="Spen – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Spen" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্পেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9E%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཞི་པན་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཞི་པན་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="স্পেন – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="স্পেন" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagn" title="Spagn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Spagn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4-b%C4%83ng-ng%C3%A0" title="Să̤-băng-ngà – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤-băng-ngà" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᏱ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏂᏍᏆᏂᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ئیسپانیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیسپانیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsko" title="Španělsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Španělsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpa%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Szpańskô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Szpańskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їспанїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їспанїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbaen" title="Sbaen – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sbaen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İspanya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0pa%C5%84ska" title="Špańska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Špańska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%95%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="އިސްޕެއިން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިސްޕެއިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B" title="སིཔཱེན་ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="སིཔཱེན་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισπανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισπανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaggna" title="Spaggna – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Spaggna" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanio" title="Hispanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hispanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hispaania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espainia" title="Espainia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espainia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaanya" title="Hispaanya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hispaanya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanja" title="Espanja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Espanja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaania" title="Hispaania – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Hispaania" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Espagne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88spagne" title="Èspagne – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Èspagne" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanien" title="Spaanien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Spaanien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Spagne" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sp%C3%A1inn" title="An Spáinn – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Spáinn" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spaniya" title="İspaniya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İspaniya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8spangn" title="Lèspangn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lèspangn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Sp%C3%A0inn" title="An Spàinn – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Spàinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايسپانيا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ايسپانيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ep%C3%A1%C3%B1a" title="Epáña – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Epáña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍀𐌰𐌽𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8" title="સ્પેન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સ્પેન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epaainya" title="Epaainya – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Epaainya" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Spaainey" title="Yn Spaainey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Spaainey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-p%C3%A2n-ng%C3%A0" title="Sî-pân-ngà – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-pân-ngà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepania" title="Kepania – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kepania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93" title="ספרד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספרד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panjolska" title="Španjolska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Španjolska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0paniska" title="Španiska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Španiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espay" title="Espay – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Espay" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyolorsz%C3%A1g" title="Spanyolország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Spanyolország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իսպանիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իսպանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Սպանիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սպանիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="ХӀиспани – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиспани" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A1nn" title="Spánn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Spánn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%93%AF%E1%90%B8%E1%90%83%E1%93%90" title="ᓯᐸᐃᓐ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᓯᐸᐃᓐ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="スペイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スペイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spien" title="Spien – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Spien" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/sangu%27e" title="sangu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="sangu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ესპანეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spenyul" title="Spenyul – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Spenyul" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8C%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Исбухьэн – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Исбухьэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90s%C9%A9paa%C3%B1%C9%A9" title="Ɛsɩpaañɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛsɩpaañɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%B1pen" title="Si̱pen – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Si̱pen" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%89" title="អេស្ប៉ាញ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេស្ប៉ាញ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸ್ಪೇನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸ್ಪೇನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="스페인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Эспання – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Эспання" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%B2%D9%86%D9%90%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ہِسپٲنِیا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِسپٲنِیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanya" title="Spanya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Spanya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Испання – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Испання" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spayn" title="Spayn – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Spayn" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hispania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spuenien" title="Spuenien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Spuenien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaanje" title="Spaanje – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Spaanje" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espania" title="Espania – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Espania" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດແອັດສະປາຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດແອັດສະປາຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanija" title="Ispanija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ispanija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaneja" title="Spaneja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Spaneja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%81nija" title="Spānija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Spānija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espaina" title="Espaina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Espaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Испаний – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Испаний" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81niora" title="Pāniora – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pāniora" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Шпанија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шпанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="സ്പെയിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്പെയിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepanyol" title="Sepanyol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sepanyol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Spanja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanha" title="Spanha – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Spanha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="စပိန်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပိန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Испания Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Испания Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ایسپانیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایسپانیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espangne" title="Espangne – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Espangne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakaii_%C5%81ib%C3%A1h%C3%AD_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakaii Łibáhí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Espanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispuanii" title="Ispuanii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Ispuanii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispeen" title="Ispeen – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ispeen" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ସ୍ପେନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ପେନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Испани – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Испани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸਪੇਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਪੇਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%C3%B1a" title="Spaña – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Spaña" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanne" title="Espanne – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Espanne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schpaani" title="Schpaani – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Schpaani" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8" title="स्पेन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="स्पेन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiszpania" title="Hiszpania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hiszpania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سپین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سپین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ισπανία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ισπανία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسپانیا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispa%C3%B1a" title="Ispaña – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ispaña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniya" title="Spaniya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Spaniya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esipanye" title="Esipanye – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Esipanye" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spania" title="Spania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spania" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispania" title="Ispania – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ispania" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagne" title="Spagne – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Spagne" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esipanye" title="Esipanye – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Esipanye" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="स्पेन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="स्पेन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱥᱯᱮᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispagna" title="Ispagna – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ispagna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainie" title="Spainie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Spainie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اسپين – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسپين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A1nnja" title="Espánnja – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Espánnja" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esp%C3%A2nye" title="Espânye – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Espânye" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2banya" title="Ṣbanya – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ṣbanya" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%95%E1%80%B5%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းသပဵၼ်ႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းသပဵၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A4%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්පාඤ්ඤය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්පාඤ්ඤය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panielsko" title="Španielsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Španielsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اسپین – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اسپین" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0panija" title="Španija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Španija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepa%C2%ADnia" title="Sepania – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Sepania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanja" title="Espanja – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Espanja" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speini" title="Speini – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Speini" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isbania" title="Isbania – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Isbania" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanja" title="Spanja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Spanja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Шпанија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шпанија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyorokondre" title="Spanyorokondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Spanyorokondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipeyini" title="Sipeyini – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sipeyini" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanyol" title="Spanyol – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spanyol" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanien" title="Spanien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spanien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhispania" title="Uhispania – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhispania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpa%C5%84ijo" title="Szpańijo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Szpańijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="எசுப்பானியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எசுப்பானியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="స్పెయిన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్పెయిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" title="España – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="España" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศสเปน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศสเปน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%B3%E1%8A%9B" title="ስጳኛ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ስጳኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispani%C3%BDa" title="Ispaniýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ispaniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanij%C9%99" title="Ispanijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ispanijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipeini" title="Sipeini – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Sipeini" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spen" title="Spen – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Spen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0spanya" title="İspanya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İspanya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniya" title="Spaniya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Spaniya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paniora" title="Paniora – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Paniora" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Испания – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Испания" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="ئىسپانىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىسپانىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Іспанія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іспанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81" title="ہسپانیہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہسپانیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaniya" title="Ispaniya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ispaniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain" title="Spain – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Spain" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Spagna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispanii" title="Ispanii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ispanii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Ban_Nha" title="Tây Ban Nha – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Ban Nha" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spany%C3%A4n" title="Spanyän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Spanyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagne" title="Espagne – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Espagne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Espanya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ispaa%C3%B1" title="Ispaañ – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ispaañ" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Эспанмудин Нутуг – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Эспанмудин Нутуг" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISpain" title="ISpain – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ISpain" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ესპანეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ესპანეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="שפאניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שפאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9%C3%ACn" title="Spéìn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Spéìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihbanhyaz" title="Sihbanhyaz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Sihbanhyaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Spanje" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9A%E2%B4%B1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵚⴱⴰⵏⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-pan-g%C3%A2" title="Se-pan-gâ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-pan-gâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西班牙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISpeyini" title="ISpeyini – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ISpeyini" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapan:Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito (hindi pa naisusulat) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Usapan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tagalog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espanya"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mga kagamitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Espanya"><span>Basahin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Baguhin</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Baguhin ang wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=history"><span>Tingnan ang kasaysayan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Espanya" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mga nakaturo rito</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Espanya" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Kaugnay na pagbabago</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Mag-upload ng file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Natatanging pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&oldid=2135491" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito"><span>Permanenteng link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Impormasyon ng pahina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Espanya&id=2135491&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito"><span>Sumangguni</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEspanya"><span>Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEspanya"><span>I-download ang QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Espanya"><span>Lumikha ng isang aklat</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Espanya&action=show-download-screen"><span>I-download bilang PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Bersyong mapi-print</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q29" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Item na Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Idinirekta mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spain&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Spain">Spain</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Para sa ibang mga gamit, tingnan ang <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="España">España</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2051707">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Kaharian ng España</div><div class="ib-country-names"><i lang="es" title="Kastila language text">Reino de España</i> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watawat ng España"><img alt="Watawat ng España" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/125px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/188px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/250px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div>Watawat</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_(mazonado).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eskudo de armas ng España"><img alt="Eskudo de armas ng España" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/85px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/128px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg/170px-Escudo_de_Espa%C3%B1a_%28mazonado%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="911" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Eskudo_de_armas" title="Eskudo de armas">Eskudo de armas</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>Salawikain: </b><i lang="la" title="Latin language text">"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_Ultra_(motto)" class="extiw" title="en:Plus Ultra (motto)">Plus Ultra</a>"</i><span class="nowrap">  </span><small>(<a href="/wiki/Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin">Latin</a>) <br />(Tagalog: "Lampas pa sa lalong malayo")</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"><b>Awiting Pambansa: </b><i lang="es" title="Kastila language text">"<a href="/wiki/Marcha_Real" title="Marcha Real">Marcha Real</a>"</i><span class="nowrap">  </span><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>) <br />(Tagalog: "Martsang Makahari") <br /><center><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="52" data-mwtitle="Marcha_Real.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Marcha_Real.ogg/Marcha_Real.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Marcha_Real.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=ar&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ar" label="العربية ‪(ar)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=ca&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ca" label="català ‪(ca)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=ceb&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ceb" label="Cebuano ‪(ceb)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=co&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="co" label="corsu ‪(co)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=dv&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="dv" label="ދިވެހިބަސް ‪(dv)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=eu&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="eu" label="euskara ‪(eu)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=fr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=it&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=kr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kr" label="kanuri ‪(kr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=pl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=pt-br&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AMarcha_Real.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></center></small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:EU-Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kinaroroonan ng  Espanya  (malamlam na luntian) –   —  [Gabay]"><img alt="Kinaroroonan ng  Espanya  (malamlam na luntian) –   —  [Gabay]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/250px-EU-Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/375px-EU-Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/EU-Spain.svg/500px-EU-Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:11px;line-height:1.15em;"><span style="font-size:11px;">Kinaroroonan ng <span style="font-size:2px;"> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espanya</a><span style="font-size:8px;"><span class="nowrap">  </span></span>(<span style="font-size:9px;">malamlam na luntian</span>)</span><p style="width:250px;font-size:11px;text-align:left;margin-left:1.2ex;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;line-height:1.15em;">–   —  [<span style="font-size:10px;"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:EU-Spain.svg" title="Talaksan:EU-Spain.svg">Gabay</a></span>]</p></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Spain_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of España"><img alt="Location of España" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg/250px-Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg/375px-Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg/500px-Spain_-_Location_Map_%282013%29_-_ESP_-_UNOCHA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kabisera</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pinakamalaking lungsod</th><td class="infobox-data">capital</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="font-weight:normal;">Opisyal na wikang pasulat</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="font-weight:normal;">Kinikilalang rehiyonal na wika</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Basko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Basko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Basko</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Katalan" title="Wikang Katalan">Katalan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Galisyano" title="Wikang Galisyano">Galisyano</a></li></ul></div> Mga wikang rehiyonal<span style="font-size:85%;"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Leones" title="Wikang Leones">Leones</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Aranes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Aranes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aranes</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Asturiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Asturiano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asturiano</a></li></ul></div></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pangkat-etniko <div style="font-weight:normal;display:inline;"> (2011)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>87.8% <a href="/wiki/Kastila" class="mw-disambig" title="Kastila">Kastila</a></li><li>12.2% iba pa</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Katawagan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kastila" class="mw-disambig" title="Kastila">Kastila</a> o <a href="/wiki/Espanyol" class="mw-disambig" title="Espanyol">Espanyol</a> (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_people" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish people">Spaniard</a></i> sa Ingles)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pamahalaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estadong_unitaryo" title="Estadong unitaryo">Unitaryo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sistemang_parlamentaryo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemang parlamentaryo">Parlamentaryo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monarkiyang_konstitusyonal" title="Monarkiyang konstitusyonal">Monarkiyang konstitusyonal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarkiya_ng_Espanya" title="Monarkiya ng Espanya">Hari</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span><span><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe VI ng Espanya">Felipe VI ng Espanya</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Punong_Ministro_ng_Espanya" title="Punong Ministro ng Espanya">Punong Ministro</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span><span>Pedro Sánchez</span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lehislatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales"><i>Cortes Generales</i> (Pagkalahatang Hukuman)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mataas na Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senado_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senado ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Senado</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Mababang Kapulungan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pormasyon</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Lawak</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data">504,645<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (194,845 mi kuw) (ika-52)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Katubigan (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.04</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Populasyon</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Pagtataya sa 2013</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46,704,314<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ika-28)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Senso ng 2011</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46,815,916<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Densidad</div></th><td class="infobox-data">92/km<sup>2</sup> (238.3/mi kuw) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">ika-106</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing power parity">PLP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2014</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">$1.425 trilyon<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> (ika-14)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$30,637<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ika-33)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross domestic product">KDP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Pagtataya sa 2014</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Kabuuan</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">$1.415 trilyon<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">ika-13</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Bawat kapita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">$30,432<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (ika-28)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Koepisyente_ng_Gini" class="mw-redirect" title="Koepisyente ng Gini">Gini</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2013)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">33.7<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:orange">katamtaman</span></span> · mataas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Talatuntunan_ng_Kaunlarang_Pantao" title="Talatuntunan ng Kaunlarang Pantao">TKP</a> <span style="font-weight:normal;">(2013)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">0.869<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="color:darkgreen">napakataas</span></span> · ika-27</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salapi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%82%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="€ (hindi pa naisusulat)">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sona ng oras</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1</span> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Tag-init (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ayos ng petsa</th><td class="infobox-data">dd.mm.yyyy <span style="font-size:85%;">(Espanyol; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Era" class="extiw" title="en:Common Era">CE</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gilid ng pagmamaneho</th><td class="infobox-data">kanan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kodigong pantelepono</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Spain" class="extiw" title="en:Telephone numbers in Spain">+34</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kodigo sa ISO 3166</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:ES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:ES (hindi pa naisusulat)">ES</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Internet TLD</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.es" class="mw-redirect" title=".es">.es</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ang <b>Kaharian ng España</b><sup id="cite_ref-JETE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JETE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">Kastila</a>: <i>Reino de España</i>) ay isang <a href="/wiki/Bansa" title="Bansa">soberanyang estado</a> o bansang matatagpuan sa <a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Iberya" title="Tangway ng Iberya">Tangway ng Iberya</a> sa timog-kanlurang <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Ang pangunahing lupain ay hinahangganan sa timog at silangan ng <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo">Dagat Mediteraneo</a> maliban na lamang sa maliit na mga hangganang lupa ng <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>; sa hilaga at hilangang-silangan, ng <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a>, ng maliit na <a href="/wiki/Prinsipado" title="Prinsipado">prinsipado</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, at ng <a href="/wiki/Golpo_ng_Vizcaya" title="Golpo ng Vizcaya">Look ng Vizcaya</a>; at sa kanluran at hilagang-kanluran naman, ng <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> at ng <a href="/wiki/Karagatang_Atlantiko" title="Karagatang Atlantiko">Karagatang Atlantiko</a>. Kasama ng Pransiya at <a href="/wiki/Maruekos" title="Maruekos">Maruekos</a>, isa lamang sila sa tatlong bansa na may baybaying Atlantiko at Mediteraneo. Ang 1,214 km (754 mi) na hangganan ng Espanya sa Portugal ay ang pinakamahabang tuluy-tuloy na hangganan sa buong <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Unyong Europeo</a>. </p><p>Kasama rin sa nasasakupan ng España ang mga pulo ng <a href="/wiki/Baleares" title="Baleares">Baleares</a> sa Mediteraneo, ang <a href="/wiki/Canarias" title="Canarias">Canarias</a> sa Karagatang Atlantiko sa labas ng baybayin ng <a href="/wiki/Aprika" title="Aprika">Aprika</a>, ang tatlong teritoryo sa <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Aprika" title="Hilagang Aprika">Hilagang Aprika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a> na hinahangganan ang Maruekos, at mga pulo at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peñón (hindi pa naisusulat)">peñones</a> (mga bato) ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albor%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alborán (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alborán</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chafarinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chafarinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chafarinas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alhucemas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alhucemas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhucemas</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perejil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perejil (hindi pa naisusulat)">Perejil</a>. Sa lawak na 505,992 km2 (195,365 sq mi), ang Espanya ang ikalawang pinakamalaking bansa sa Kanlurang Europa at sa Unyong Europeo, at panlimang pinakamalaking bansa sa Europa. </p><p>Ang mga modernong tao ay unang dumating sa Tangway ng Iberia mga 35,000 taon na ang nakalilipas. Sumailalim ito sa pamumuno ng Roma noong 200 BK, at lumaon ang rehiyon ay binansagang <i>Hispania</i>. Noong Gitnang Panahon, sinakop ito ng mga tribong <a href="/wiki/Alemaniko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemaniko">Alemaniko</a> at lumaon ng mga <a href="/wiki/Moro" title="Moro">Moro</a> sa katimugan. Nabuo bilang isang bansa ang Espanya noong ika-15 dantaon, pagkatapos ng pagpapakasal ng mga Katolikong Monarka (<i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos" class="extiw" title="es:Reyes Católicos">Reyes Católicos</a></i>) at ang pagwawakas ng dantaong pagsakop muli, o <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i>, sa Tangway mula sa mga Moro noong 1492. Sa unang bahagi ng makabagong panahon, naging maimpluwensiyang imperyo sa daigdig ang Espanya at isa sa mga unang pandaigdigang imperyong kolonyal sa kasaysayan, na nag-iwan ng malawak na pamanang kultural at lingguwistika kabilang ang mahigit 500 milyong nagsasalita ng <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">wikang Kastila</a>, dahilan upang ito'y maging ikalawang pangunahing sinasalitang wika sa daigdig. </p><p>Ang modernong Espanya ay isang demokrasyang itinatag sa paraang pamahalaang parlamentaryo sa ilalim ng saligang batas ng <a href="/wiki/Monarkiya_ng_Espanya" title="Monarkiya ng Espanya">monarkiya</a>. Isang maunlad na bansa ang Espanya na ika-13 pinakamalaking ekonomiya sa daigdig. Ang bansa ay kasapi ng <a href="/wiki/Nagkakaisang_Bansa" title="Nagkakaisang Bansa">Nagkakaisang Bansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OECD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OECD (hindi pa naisusulat)">OECD</a>, at <a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>. Sa kasalukuyan, ang krisis sa ekonomiya ay naging malaking suliranin ng ekonomiya ng Espanya. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimolohiya">Etimolohiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Etimolohiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimolohiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang pinagmulan ng pangalang <i><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a></i>, kung saan hango ang kasalukuyang pangalang <i>España</i> sa wikang Kastila, ay hindi tiyak at maaaring hindi alam dahil sa kakulangan ng mga sapat na katibayan. Sa loob ng maraming dantaon maraming mga haka-haka ang nabuo: </p><p>Ang iskolar sa panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Renasimiyento" title="Renasimiyento">Renasimiyento</a> na si Antonio de Nebrija ay nagmungkahi na ang salitang <i>Hispania</i> ay nagbago mula sa salitang <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a> na <i>Hispalis</i>, na nangangahulugang "lungsod ng kanluraning daigdig." </p><p>Ikinakatuwiran naman ni Jesús Luis Cunchillos na ang pinag-ugatan ng salitang <i>span</i> ay ang salitang <a href="/wiki/Penisyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Penisyo">Penisyo</a> (<i>Phoenician</i>) na <i>spy</i>, na nangangahulugang "maghinang ng mga metal." Samakatuwid, ang <i>i-spn-ya</i> ay nangangahulugang "ang lupaing pinaghihinangan ng mga metal." Maaari rin hango ito sa salitang Puniko na <i>I-Shpania</i> (אי שפניא), na nangangahulugang "pulo ng mga kuneho", "lupain ng mga kuneho", isang pagtukoy sa pook ng Espanya sa dulo ng Mediteraneo;<sup id="cite_ref-burke_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ang mga baryang Romanong natagpuan sa rehiyon mula sa paghahari ni <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> ay kakikitaan ng babaeng dibuho na may kuneho sa kanyang paa, at tinawag ito ni Strabona "lupain ng mga kuneho." </p><p>Ang <i>Hispania</i> ay maaaring hango sa paduláng paggamit (<i>poetic use</i>) ng salitang <i>Hesperia</i>, na ipinakikita sa pagtingin ng mga sinaunang Griyego sa <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a> bilang "Lupang kanluran" o "lupang nilulubugan ng araw" (Ang <i>Hesperia</i>, o <i>Ἑσπερία</i> sa <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Griyego" title="Wikang Griyego">Griyego</a>) pati sa Espanya, na bahagi ng dulong kanluran, bilang <i>Hesperia ultima</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-anthon_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthon-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>May mga nagsasabi din na ang "Hispania" ay hango sa salitang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Basko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Basko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Basko</a> na <i>Ezpanna</i> na may kahulugang "dulo" o "hangganan", na tumutukoy sa pook ng tangway ng Iberia sa timog kanluran ng kontinenteng Europeo.<sup id="cite_ref-anthon_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anthon-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalawang Kastilang Hudyong iskolar noong ika-15 dantaon, sina Don Isaac Abrabanel at Solomon ibn Verga, ay nagbigay ng paliwanag na ngayon ay kinikilala nang isang kuwentong-bayan. Parehong isinulat ng mga iskolar sa dalawang magkaibang lathalain na ang mga unang Hudyo na nakarating sa Espanya ay dinala ng barko ni Phiros na isang sugo ng hari ng Babilonia nang pinangunahan niya ang pagkubkob sa Herusalem. Ang táong ito ay isang Greko nung ipinanganak, ngunit nabigyan ng isang kaharian sa Espanya. Naging magkamag-anak sila ni Espan sa kasal, ang pamangkin ni haring Heracles, na siya ring namuno sa kaharian sa Espanya. Kinalauna'y nagbitiw sa trono si Heracles pabor sa kanyang tinubuang-bayan na Gresya, at iniwan ang kanyang kaharian kay Espan, kung saan kinuha ng bansang <i>España</i> (Espanya) ang pangalan nito. Batay sa kanilang mga testimonya, ang pangalang ito ay ginagamit na ng Espanya mga bandang 350 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kasaysayan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng Espanya</a></div> <p>Ang Espanya ay may malawak at kumplikadong kasaysayan. Nasulat ang Iberia bilang isang lupaing pinaninirahan ng mga Iberyo, Basko at Seltiko. Matapos ang isang di-madaling pananakop, ang tangway ay napasailalim ng Imperyong Romano. Ang Hispania, ang kabuuan ng Tangway ng Iberia, ay umunlad at naging isa sa mga pinakaimportanteng rehiyon ng Imperyo. Noong unang bahagi ng Gitnang Panahon, ito ay napasakamay ng mga tribong Alemaniko. Sa kalaunan, halos ang buong tangway ay napasailalim ng mga Moro o mananakop na mga Muslim mula sa Hilagang Aprika. Sa isang mahabang prosesong inabot ng ilang dantaon, unti-unting nagawang mapatalsik ng mga kahariang Kristiyano sa hilaga ang mga Muslim. Bumagsak ang huling kahariang Moro sa taong kung kailan narating ni Columbus ang mga lupaing Amerika. Ang Espanya ay naging pinakamakapayangyarihang kaharian sa Europa, ang nangunguna sa daigdig sa loob ng isa't kalahating dantaon, at ang pinakamalaking imperyo sa ibayong-dagat sa loob ng tatlong dantaon. </p><p>Ang patuloy na mga digmaan at iba pang mga problema ang nagdulot ng pagbagsak ng katayuan nito. Ang mga pagsakop ni Napoleon sa Espanya ay nagbunga ng kaguluhan, na siyang naging mitsa ng mga pagkilos tungo sa <a href="/wiki/Kasarinlan" title="Kasarinlan">kasarinlan</a> na siyang pumunit sa malaking bahagi ng imperyo at iniwang hindi matatag ang bansa. Bago ang <a href="/wiki/Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>, nakaranas ang Espanya ng matinding digmaang panloob at napasailalim sa diktadurya, kung saan ito ay nakaranas ng maraming taon ng pananamlay, subalit nang lumaon, ay nagtapos sa isang malakas na pag-angat ng ekonomiya. Di naglaon at mapayapang naibalik ang demokrasya sa pormang monarkiyang parlamentong konstitusyonal. Sumapi ang Espanya sa Unyong Europeo at nakaranas ng muling pagsilang sa kultura (<i>cultural renaissance</i>) at tuluy-tuloy na pag-angat ng ekonomiya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sinaunang_kasaysayan_at_mga_tao_bago_ang_panahong_Romano">Sinaunang kasaysayan at mga tao bago ang panahong Romano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sinaunang kasaysayan at mga tao bago ang panahong Romano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Sinaunang kasaysayan at mga tao bago ang panahong Romano"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaunang_kasaysayan_ng_Iberia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaunang kasaysayan ng Iberia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sinaunang kasaysayan ng Iberia</a></div> <p>Ipinahihiwatig ng mga pananaliksik sa arkeolohiya sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeological_Site_of_Atapuerca" class="extiw" title="en:Archaeological Site of Atapuerca">Atapuerca</a> na ang Tangway ng Iberia ay pinanahan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Hominid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominid">hominid</a> 1.2 milyong taon na ang nakalipas.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atapuerca_Mountains" class="extiw" title="en:Atapuerca Mountains">Atapuerca</a> ay may mga natagpuan labí ng mga sinaunang kinikilalang <a href="/wiki/Hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominin">hominin</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">Homo antecessor</a>. Ang mga makabagong nilalang ay unang dumating sa Iberia, mula sa hilaga nang naglalakad, mga 35,000 taon na ang nakalipas.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang pinakakilalang mga relikya ng pananahan ng mga sinaunang tao ay ang mga sikat na mga kuwadro sa kuweba ng Altamira ng Cantabria sa hilagang Iberia, na nalikha mula taong 35,600 hanggang 13,500 BK ng mga <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cro-Magnon">Cro-Magnon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ipinahihiwatig din ng mga arkeolohikal at henetikal na patunay na ang Tangway ng Iberia ay nagsilbing isa sa mga malalaking kanlungan kung saan ang hilagang Europa ay muling pinanahan ng mga tao nang matapos ang huling <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panahon_ng_Yelo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panahon ng Yelo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Panahon ng Yelo</a>. </p><p>Ang mga pinakamalaking pangkat sa Tangway ng Iberia bago ang pananakop ng mga Romano ay ang mga <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a> at mga <a href="/wiki/Seltiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltiko">Seltiko</a>. Pinanahan ng mga Iberia ang bahaging Mediteraneo ng tangway, mula hilagang-silangan hanggang timog-silangan. Pinanahan naman ng mga Seltiko ang malaking bahagi ng loob at Atlantiko ng tangway, mula hilagang-kanluran hanggang timog-kanluran. Inokupa naman ng mga <a href="/wiki/Basko" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Basko">Basko</a> ang kanlurang bahagi ng bulubunduking Pirineo at mga katabing lugar, ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tartessiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tartessiano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tartessiano</a> ay nasa timog-kanluran at ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusitano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusitano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lusitano</a> at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vetton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vetton (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vetton</a> naman ang umokupa sa mga lugar sa gitnang kanluran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ang_Imperyong_Romano_at_ang_Kahariang_Gotiko">Ang Imperyong Romano at ang Kahariang Gotiko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ang Imperyong Romano at ang Kahariang Gotiko" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ang Imperyong Romano at ang Kahariang Gotiko"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Hispania</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahariang_Visigoth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahariang Visigoth (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahariang Visigoth</a></div> <p>Noong <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Puniko" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Puniko">Ikalawang Digmaang Puniko</a>, sinakop ng lumalawak na <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Romano" title="Imperyong Romano">mga Romano</a> ang ilang kolonyang pangkalakalan ng Cartagena sa tabing-baybayin ng Mediteraneo mula 210 hanggang 205 BK. Inabot ang mga Romano ng halos dalawang dantaon upang matapos ang pananakop sa Tangway ng Iberia, bagaman at nakontrol nila ito sa loob ng mahigit anim na siglo. Pinagbigkis ang paghahari ng mga Romano ng batas, wika, at ng mga daang Romano.<sup id="cite_ref-hispania_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hispania-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang mga kultura ng populasyong Seltiko at Iberia ay unti-unting nagiging maka-Romano (maka-Latin) sa iba't-ibang antas sa iba't-ibang bahagi ng Hispania. Ang mga lokal na pinuno ay pinayagang maging uring aristokratang Romano.<sup id="cite_ref-country_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nagsilbi ang Hispania bilang isang kamalig ng pamilihang Romano, at ang mga daungan nito ay nagluwas ng <a href="/wiki/Ginto" title="Ginto">ginto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lana" title="Lana">lana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langis_ng_oliba" title="Langis ng oliba">langis ng oliba</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Alak" class="mw-redirect" title="Alak">alak</a>. Ang produksiyong pang-agrikultura ay lumaki dahil sa mga proyektong irigasyon. Ang mga emperador na sina <a href="/wiki/Trajan" class="mw-redirect" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> at <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, at ang pilosopong si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seneca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seneca (hindi pa naisusulat)">Seneca</a> ay ipinanganak sa Hispania. Ang <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> ay ipinakilala sa Hispania noong unang dantaon PK, at nakilala ito sa mga lungsod noong ikalawang dantaon PK.<sup id="cite_ref-country_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karamihan sa kasalukuyang mga lengguwahe at relihiyon ng Espanya, at ang batayan ng mga batas nito, ay nahango sa kapanahunang ito.<sup id="cite_ref-hispania_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hispania-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang paghina ng nasasakupan ng Imperyo ng Kanlurang Romano sa Hispania ay nag-umpisa noong 409, nang binagtas ng mga <a href="/wiki/Alemaniko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemaniko">Alemanikong</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Suebi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suebi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Suebi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Vandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vandal">Vandal</a>, kasama ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarmatiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarmatiano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sarmatianong</a> <a href="/wiki/Alan" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan">Alan</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Rhine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> at sinira ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaul (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gaul</a> hanggang pinalayas sila ng mga <a href="/wiki/Visigoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigoth">Visigoth</a> patungong Iberia noong taon ding iyon. Itinatag ng Suebi ang isang kahariang ngayon ay ang makabagong <a href="/wiki/Galicia" class="mw-disambig" title="Galicia">Galicia</a> at hilagang <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Sa pagbaklas ng kanlurang imperyo, ang batayang panlipunan at pang-ekonomiya ay naging napakapayak: subalit kahit sa binagong porma, pinanatili ng mga sumunod na rehimen ang marami sa mga institusyon at batas ng dating imperyo, kasama na ang Kristiyanismo. </p><p>Ang mga kakampi ng mga Alan, ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasdingi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasdingi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hasdingi</a> Vandal, ay nagtatag din ng kaharian sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallaecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallaecia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gallaecia</a>, na sumasakop nang malaki sa parehong rehiyon pero lumalampas pa patimog sa ilog <a href="/wiki/Duero" class="mw-disambig" title="Duero">Duero</a>. Inokupahan naman ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silingi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silingi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Silingi</a> Vandal ang rehiyon na bakas pa rin ang kanilang pangalan - <i>Vandalusia</i>, makabagong <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, sa Espanya. Nagtatag ang mga <a href="/wiki/Bizantino" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantino">Bizantino</a> ng isang <i>enclave</i>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spania (hindi pa naisusulat)">Spania</a>, sa katimugan, na may layuning buhaying muli ang imperyong Romano sa buong Iberia. Kinalaunan, gayunpaman, ang Hispania ay muling napasailalim ng [[pamumuno ng mga Visigoth. </p><p>Si <a href="/wiki/Isidro_ng_Sevilla" title="Isidro ng Sevilla">Isidro ng Sevilla</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Arsobispo" title="Arsobispo">arsobispo</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" class="mw-disambig" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a>, ay isang maimpluwensiyang pilosopo at tunay na pinag-aaralan noong <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Panahon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitnang Panahon">Gitnang Panahon</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Ang kanya ring mga teorya ay mahalaga sa pagpaplit ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kahariang_Visigoth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kahariang Visigoth (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kahariang Visigoth</a> tungo sa pagiging isang Katoliko, sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_Toledo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseho ng Toledo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng Toledo</a>. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goths&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goths (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gotikong Kaharian</a> ay ang unang kahariang namumuno sa <a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangway ng Iberia">Tangway ng Iberia</a>, at noong <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> ito ay naging isang pagtukoy sa magkakaibang mga kahariang lumalaban sa pamumuno ng mga Muslim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gitnang_Panahon">Gitnang Panahon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Gitnang Panahon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Gitnang Panahon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Andalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Andalus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Al-Andalus</a> at <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></div> <p>Noong ika-8 dantaon, halos ang buong <a href="/wiki/Tangway_ng_Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangway ng Iberia">Tangway ng Iberia</a> ay nasakop (711–718) ng karamihan ay mga kawal na <a href="/wiki/Moro" title="Moro">Morong</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> mula sa Hilagang Aprika. Ang mga pagsakop na ito ay bahagi ng pagpapalawak ng <a href="/wiki/Kalipato" title="Kalipato">Kalipatong</a> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a>. Tanging isang maliit na lugar lamang sa mabundok na hilagang-kanluran ng tangway ang nakaiwas mula sa panimulang pananakop. </p><p>Sa ilalim ng <a href="/wiki/Batas_ng_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas ng Islam">batas ng Islam</a>, binigyan ang mga Kristiyano at mga <a href="/wiki/Hudyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudyo">Hudyo</a> ng katayuang timawa na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhimmi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhimmi (hindi pa naisusulat)">dhimmi</a>. Ang antas na ito’y nagpapahintulot sa mga Kristiyano at Hudyo na sumamba sa kanilang relihiyon ayon sa Mga Tao ng Aklat (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_of_the_Book" class="extiw" title="en:People of the Book">People of the Book</a></i>) subalit sila ay sapilitang magbabayad ng espesyal na buwis at may mas mababang legal at panlipunang karapatan kaysa mga Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang pagpapalit patungong <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> ay mabilisang nagpatuloy. Pinaniniwalaang ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muladi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muladi (hindi pa naisusulat)">muladi</a> (mga Muslim na katutubo ng Iberia) ang bumubuo sa mayorya ng populasyon ng Al-Andalus sa katapusan ng ika-10 dantaon.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chap2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chap2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang pamayanang Muslim sa Tangway ng Iberia ay halu-halo at nababalot ng sigalot. Ang mga taong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berber (hindi pa naisusulat)">Berber</a> ng Hilagang Aprika, na siyang naglaan ng bulto ng mga mananakop na kawal, ay nakipagtagisan sa mga pinunong Arabe mula sa <a href="/wiki/Gitnang_Silangan" title="Gitnang Silangan">Gitnang Silangan</a>. Sa pagdaan ng panahon, naging matatag ang malaking populasyong Moro, lalo na sa lambak ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilog_Guadalquivir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilog Guadalquivir (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ilog Guadalquivir</a>, ang kapatagang baybayin ng Valencia, ang lambak ng <a href="/wiki/Ilog_Ebro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilog Ebro">Ilog Ebro</a> at (sa pagtatpos ng panahong ito) ang bulubunduking rehiyon ng <a href="/wiki/Granada" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Granada">Granada</a>. </p><p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordoba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cordoba (hindi pa naisusulat)">Córdoba</a>, ang kabisera ng kalipato mula noong pamumuno ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abd-ar-Rahman_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abd-ar-Rahman III (hindi pa naisusulat)">Abd-ar-Rahman III</a>, ay ang pinakamalaki, pinakamayaman, at pinakasopistikadong lungsod sa kanlurang Europa. Ang kalakalang Mediteraneo at palitan ng kultura ay yumabong. Nag-angkat ang mga Muslim ng mayamang kaugaliang pangkaisipan mula sa Gitnang Silangan at Hilagang Aprika. Ginampanan ng mga iskolar na Muslim at Hudyo ang malaking papel sa muling pagbuhay at pagpapalapad ng klasikong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulturang_Griyego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulturang Griyego (hindi pa naisusulat)">kaalamang Griyego</a> sa Kanlurang Europa. Ilan sa mga mahahalagang pilosopo sa panahong iyon ay sina <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Arabi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Arabi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ibn Arabi</a> at <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>. Nagbahaginan ng kulturang Muslim at Hudyo ang maka-Romanong kultura ng Tangway ng Iberia sa masalimuot na pamamaraan, na nagbigay sa rehiyon ng kakaibang kultura.<sup id="cite_ref-chap2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chap2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa labas ng mga lungsod, kung saan ang mayorya ay naninirahan, ang sistema ng pagmamay-ari ng lupa mula noong panahon ng mga Romano ay nanatiling di-nagalaw sapagkat bihirang mapunta sa mga pinunong Muslim ang lupa, at ang pagpapakilala sa mga bagong pananim at mga pamamaraan ay nagbunsod sa paglawak ng agrikultura. </p><p>Noong ika-11 dantaon, nawasak ang mga sakop ng mga Muslim at naging magkakalabang mga kahariang <a href="/wiki/Taifa" title="Taifa">Taifa</a>, na siyang nagbigay ng pagkakataon sa maliliit na mga Kristiyanong estado na mapalaki ang kanilang mga teritoryo. Ang pagdating mula sa <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Aprika" title="Hilagang Aprika">Hilagang Aprika</a> ng mga naghaharing sektang Islamiko ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almoravid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almoravid (hindi pa naisusulat)">Almoravid</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almohad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almohad (hindi pa naisusulat)">Almohad</a> ang siyang nagbalik ng pagkakaisa sa mga sakop ng mga Muslim, taglay ang mas mahigpit ngunit hindi mapilit na pagpapalit patungong Islam, na nagbunga ng pagbawi sa mga yamang Muslim. Ang muling nagkaisang estadong Islamikong ito ay nakaranas ng mga tagumpay sa loob ng higit isang dantaon na siyang bumawas sa mga yamang Kristiyano. </p><p>Ang <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> (muling pananakop) ay panahong dantaon ang haba kung saan ang pamumunong Kristiyano ay muling naitatag sa Tangway ng Iberia. Ang Reconquista ay tiningnan bilang panimula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Labanan_ng_Covadonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Labanan ng Covadonga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Labanan ng Covadonga</a> na napagwagian ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelayo_ng_Asturias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelayo ng Asturias (hindi pa naisusulat)">Don Pelayo</a> noong 722 at kaalinsabay ng panahon ng pananaig ng mga Muslim sa Tangway ng Iberia. Ang pagtatagumpay ng mga kawal-Kristiyano sa mga puwersang Muslim ay nagbunsod sa paglikha ng Kristiyanong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaharian_ng_Asturias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaharian ng Asturias (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kaharian ng Asturias</a> sa ibayong hilagang-kanluran ng mga baybaying bundok. Di-nagtagal, noong 739, napalayas ang mga puwersang Muslim sa <a href="/wiki/Galicia" class="mw-disambig" title="Galicia">Galicia</a>, na kinalaunan ay siyang naging punong-abala ng isa sa mga pinakabanal na lugar noong gitnang panahon, ang <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, at isinama sa bagong kahariang Kristiyano. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaharian_ng_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaharian ng Leon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kaharian ng León</a> ang pinakamalakas na kahariang Kristiyano sa loob ng maraming dantaon. Noong 1188 ang unang makabagong panahong parlamentayo sa Europa ay isinagawa sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_(Espanya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon (Espanya) (hindi pa naisusulat)">León</a> (Cortes ng Leon|Cortes ng León). Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaharian_ng_Castilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaharian ng Castilla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kaharian ng Castilla</a>, isinilang mula sa teritoryong Leones, ay siyang sumunod na pinakamalakas na kaharian. Ang mga hari at mga maharlika’y lumaban para sa kapangyarihan at impluwensiya sa panahong ito. Ang halimbawa ng mga Romanong emperador ay ang pulitikal na layunin para sa Korona, samantalang ang mga maharlika nama’y nakinabang sa <a href="/wiki/Piyudalismo" title="Piyudalismo">piyudalismo</a>. </p><p>Ang mga kawal-Muslim ay lumikas pahilaga ng Pirineos subalit nagapi sila ng mga puwersang Pransiko sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours" class="extiw" title="en:Battle of Tours">Labanan ng Poitiers</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia" class="extiw" title="en:Francia">Frankia</a>. Kinalaunan, nakapagtatag ang mga puwersang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pransiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pransiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pransiko</a> ng mga maliliit na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marca_Hispanica" class="extiw" title="en:Marca Hispanica">Kristiyanong bansa</a> sa katimugang bahagi ng Pirineos. Ang mga lugar na ito’y lumaki at naging mga kaharian ng Navarre, Aragon at Katalunya.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa loob ng maraming dantaon, ang nawawala’t bumabalik na harang sa pagitan ng mga sakop na lugar ng mga Muslim at Kristiyano sa Iberia ay sa ibayong lambak ng <a href="/wiki/Ebro" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> at <a href="/wiki/Duero" class="mw-disambig" title="Duero">Duero</a>. </p><p>Ang pagkawasak ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Andalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Andalus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Al-Andalus</a> sa pagiging magkakalabang kahariang taifa ang tumulong sa mga nagagaping kahariang Kristiyano sa Iberia na muling lumusob. Ang pagkubkob sa estratehikong gitnang lungsod na <a href="/wiki/Toledo" class="mw-disambig" title="Toledo">Toledo</a> noong 1085 ang nagtala ng malaking paglilipat ng kapangyarihan pabor sa mga kahariang Kristiyano. Kasunod ng muling pag-angat ng mga Muslim noong ika-12 dantaon, ang mga malalakas na sakop ng mga Moro sa timog ay bumagsak sa kamay ng Kristiyanong Espanya noong ika-13 dantaon – ang Córdoba noong 1236 at <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" class="mw-disambig" title="Sevilla">Sevilla</a> noong 1248 – na nag-iwan lamang sa enclave na Muslim na <a href="/wiki/Granada" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Granada">Granada</a> bilang isang <a href="/wiki/Tributaryo" title="Tributaryo">tributaryong estado</a> sa timog.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa panahong ito’y nagsimula muling yumabong ang panitikan at pilosopiya sa mga peninsular na kahariang Kristiyano, batay sa mga kaugaliang Romano at Gotiko. Isang mahalagang pilosopo sa panahong ito si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramon_Llull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramon Llull (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ramon Llull</a>. Si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Cresques&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Cresques (hindi pa naisusulat)">Abraham Cresques</a> ay isang prominenteng kartograpong Hudyo. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">batas Romano</a> at mga institusyon nito ay naging huwaran ng mga tagapagbatas. Itinuon ni haring <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_X_ng_Castilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso X ng Castilla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alfonso X ng Castilla</a> ang pansin nito sa pagpapalakas sa mga nakaraang Romano at Gotiko nito, at maging ang pag-uugnay ng mga kahariang Kristiyano ng Iberia sa ibang mga Kristiyanong Europeo ng gitnang panahon. Sinikap niyang maging kinatawang emperador ng <a href="/wiki/Banal_na_Imperyong_Romano" title="Banal na Imperyong Romano">Banal na Imperyong Romano</a> at naglathala ng kodigong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siete_Partidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siete Partidas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Siete Partidas</a>. Ang Paaralan ng mga Tagapagsalin ng Toledo (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toledo_School_of_Translators" class="extiw" title="en:Toledo School of Translators">Toledo School of Translators</a></i>) ay isang pangalang pangkaraniwang naglalarawan sa pangkat ng mga iskolar na sama-samang gumagawa sa lungsod ng Toledo noong ika-12 at ika-13 dantaon, upang isalin ang marami sa mga likhang pilosopikal at siyentipiko mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasikal_na_Arabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasikal na Arabe (hindi pa naisusulat)">klasikal na Arabe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasikal_na_Griyego&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasikal na Griyego (hindi pa naisusulat)">klasikal na Griyego</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matandang_Hebreo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matandang Hebreo (hindi pa naisusulat)">matandang Hebreo</a>. Ang Islamikong transmisyon ng mga klasiko ay ang pangunahing Islamikong ambag sa Europa ng Gitnang Panahon. Ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">wikang Kastila</a> ay nabuo mula sa Latin, maging ang ibang <a href="/wiki/Mga_wikang_Romanse" title="Mga wikang Romanse">wikang Romanse</a>, at ang unang balarila ay nailathala (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cantar_de_Mio_Cid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cantar de Mio Cid (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cantar de Mio Cid</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Nebrija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio de Nebrija (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antonio de Nebrija</a>). </p><p>Noong ika-13 at ika-14 na dantaon, ang sektang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marinid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marinid (hindi pa naisusulat)">Marinid</a> na Muslim na mula sa Hilagang Aprika ay nanakop at nagtatag ng ilang mga enclave sa katimugang baybayin subalit nabigo sa kanilang tangkang itatag muli ang pamunuang Muslim sa Iberia at di nagtagal ay napalayas din. Nasaksihan din ng ika-13 dantaon ang <a href="/wiki/Korona_ng_Aragon" title="Korona ng Aragon">Korona ng Aragon</a>, na nakasentro sa hilagang-silangan ng Espanya, at pinalawak ang naaabot nito sa mga pulo sa Mediteraneo, hanggang <a href="/wiki/Sicilia" title="Sicilia">Sicilia</a>, at maging sa Athens.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bandang mga panahong ito, naitatag ang mga pamantasan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamantasan_ng_Palencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamantasan ng Palencia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Palencia</a> (1212/1263) at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamantasan_ng_Salamanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamantasan ng Salamanca (hindi pa naisusulat)">Salamanca</a> (1218/1254). Winasak ang Espanya ng <a href="/wiki/Itim_na_Kamatayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Itim na Kamatayan">Itim na Kamatayan</a> (<i>Black Death</i>) noong 1348 at 1349.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Noong 1469, ang mga korona ng mga kahariang Kristiyano ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korona_ng_Castilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korona ng Castilla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Castilla</a> at Aragon ay pinagsanib nang <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos" class="extiw" title="es:Reyes Católicos">magpakasal</a> sina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabela_I_ng_Castilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabela I ng Castilla (hindi pa naisusulat)">Isabela I ng Castilla</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fernando_II_ng_Aragon" title="Fernando II ng Aragon">Fernando II ng Aragon</a>. Nag-umpisa noong 1478 ang katapusan ng pananakop sa <a href="/wiki/Canarias" title="Canarias">Pulo ng Canarias</a> at noong 1492, ang pinagsanib na puwersa ng Castilla at Aragon ang sumakop sa Emirata ng Granada, na siyang nagtapos ng huling bakas ng 781-taong pananatili ng pamunuang Islamiko sa Iberia. Sa taon ding iyon, inutusan ang mga Hudyo sa Espanya na magpalit patungong Katolisismo o harapin ang pagpapatalsik mula sa mga teritoryo ng Espanya noong panahon ng Inkisisyon ng Espanya.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang Kasunduan sa Granada ay nagtiyak ng kalayaan sa relihiyon ng mga Muslim,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at bagama’t hindi buo ang kalayaang iyon, matapos ang Pag-aaklas ng mga Alpujarras noong simula ng ika-17 dantaon, ay tuluyan na ngang napalayas ang mga Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cong_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cong-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperyong_Kastila">Imperyong Kastila</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Imperyong Kastila" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Imperyong Kastila"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">Imperyong Kastila</a></div> <p>Ang taong 1492 ay panahon ng pagdating sa <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Daigdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagong Daigdig">Bagong Daigdig</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, noong panahon ng paglalakbay na pinondohan ni Isabela. Binagtas ng unang paglalakbay ni Columbus ang Atlantiko at narrating ang mga Pulo ng Karibeo, na nagpasimula ng eksplorasyong Europeo at pagsakop sa lupain ng Amerika, bagama’t nanatili siyang kumbinsido na narrating niya ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silangan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Silangan</a>. </p><p>Bilang mga bagong monarka ng <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaissance">Renasimiyento</a>, ginawang sentralisado nina Isabela at Fernando ang kapangyarihan ng kaharian gamit ang lokal na karangalan, at ang salitang España na ang pinagmulan ay ang sinaunang pangalang Hispania, ay sinimulang gamitin sa pang-araw-araw upang tukuyin ang kabuuan ng dalawang kaharian.<sup id="cite_ref-cong_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cong-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taglay ang kanilang napakalawak na pulitikal, legal, relihiyoso, at makamilitar na mga reporma, lumitaw ang Espanya bilang <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">unang makapangyarihan sa mundo</a>. </p><p>Ang pagsasanib ng mga korona ng Aragon at Castilla sa pamamagitan ng pag-iisang dibdib ng nilang mga soberanya ay naging pundasyon ng makabagong Espanya at ng Imperyong Kastila, bagama’t bawat kaharian ng Espanya ay nanatiling hiwalay na bansa, sa aspektong sosyal, pulitikal, batas, salapi, at wika.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang Espanya ang pangunahing makapangyarihan sa Europa sa kabuuan ng ika-16 na dantaon at sa malaking bahagi ng ika-17 dantaon, isang posisyong pinalakas pa ng kalakalan at ng yaman mula sa mga pagmamay-ari ng mga kolonya at naging pangunahing makapangyarihan sa daigdig sa larangan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukbong_dagat_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukbong dagat ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">lakbay-dagat o maritima</a>. Narating nito ang kasukdulan noong panahon ng paghahari ng unang dalawang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" class="extiw" title="en:Habsburg Spain">Kastilang Habsburgo</a> – sina <a href="/wiki/Carlos_I_ng_Espanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlos I ng Espanya">Carlos I</a> (1516–1556) at <a href="/wiki/Felipe_II_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe II ng Espanya">Felipe II</a> (1556–1598). Nakita ng panahong ito ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaang_Italyano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaang Italyano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digmaang Italyano</a>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aalsa_ng_mga_Komunero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-aalsa ng mga Komunero (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-aalsa ng mga Komunero</a>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-aalsang_Olandes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-aalsang Olandes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-aalsang Olandes</a>, ang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco_rebellions_in_Granada" class="extiw" title="en:Morisco rebellions in Granada">Pag-aalsang Morisco</a>, mga pakikipagtagisan sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaang_Ottoman-Habsburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaang Ottoman-Habsburg (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ottoman</a>, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaang_Ingles-Kastila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaang Ingles-Kastila (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digmaang Ingles-Kastila</a> at mga digmaan sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Modern_France#The_French_Renaissance" class="extiw" title="en:Early Modern France">Pransiya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa pamamagitan ng paglalakbay at pagsakop o mga alyansa ng pagpapakasal ng mga maharlika at mga mana, lumawak ang <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Kastila" title="Imperyong Kastila">Imperyong Kastila</a> upang isama ang malalaking bahagi ng lupain ng <a href="/wiki/Amerika" class="mw-disambig" title="Amerika">Amerika</a>, mga pulo sa bahaging Asya-Pasipiko, mga lugar sa <a href="/wiki/Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy">Italy</a>, mga lungsod sa Hilagang Aprika, maging ang mga bahagi ng ngayon ay Pransiya, Alemanya, <a href="/wiki/Belhika" title="Belhika">Belhika</a>, Luxembourg, at ng <a href="/wiki/Olandiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Olandiya">Olandiya</a>. Ang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Magellan%27s_circumnavigation" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of Magellan's circumnavigation">unang sirkumnabigasyon</a> sa daigdig ay naganap noong 1519-1521. Ito ang unang imperyo kung saan sinasabing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/the_empire_on_which_the_sun_never_sets" class="extiw" title="en:the empire on which the sun never sets">hindi lumubog kailanman ang araw</a>. Ito ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panahon_ng_pagtuklas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panahon ng pagtuklas (hindi pa naisusulat)">panahon ng pagtuklas</a>, na may matapang na paglalakbay sa dagat at sa lupa, ang pagbubukas ng mga bagong daungang pangkalakalan sa ibayong karagatan, mga pagsakop at pagsisimula ng <a href="/wiki/Kolonyalismo" title="Kolonyalismo">kolonyalismong</a> Europeo. Kasabay ng pagdating ng mga mamahaling hiyas, pampalasa, luho, at mga bagong halamang pananim, dala-dala ng mga Kastilang manlalakbay ang kaalaman mula sa Bagong Daigdig, at ginampanan ang pangunahing papel sa pagbabago ng pag-unawa ng Europa hinggil sa daigdig.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ang nasaksihang pagyabong ng kultura ay kinikilala na ngayon bilang <a href="/wiki/Ginintuang_Panahon_ng_Espanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginintuang Panahon ng Espanya">Ginintuang Panahon ng Espanya</a>. Ang paglawak ng imperyo ay nagbunsod ng malawak at kagyat na pagbabago sa Amerika na nagbunga ng pagbagsak ng mga lipunan at imperyo at mga bagong sakit mula sa Europa na kumitil sa populasyon ng Amerika. Ang paglakas ng <a href="/wiki/Humanismo" title="Humanismo">humanismo</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Kontra-Repormasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontra-Repormasyon">Kontra-Repormasyon</a>, at mga bagong tuklas sa heograpiya at mga pananakop ay nagdala ng mga suliranin na sinagot ng kilusang pangkaisipan na ngayon ay tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paaralan_ng_Salamanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paaralan ng Salamanca (hindi pa naisusulat)">Paaralan ng Salamanca</a>, na bumuo ng mga unang makabagong teorya sa ngayon ay tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batas_pandaigdig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batas pandaigdig (hindi pa naisusulat)">batas pandaigdig</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karapatang_pantao" title="Karapatang pantao">karapatang pantao</a>. </p><p>Sa huling bahagi ng ika-16 na dantaon at unang kalahati ng ika-17 dantaon, humarap ang Espanya sa mga di-mapigilang pagsubok sa lahat ng dako. Ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbarong_pirata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbarong pirata (hindi pa naisusulat)">barbarong pirata</a>, sa ilalim ng pagtatanggol ng mabilis lumaking <a href="/wiki/Imperyong_Ottoman" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Ottoman">Imperyong Ottoman</a>, ay sumira sa buhay ng mga nasa baybayin sa pamamagitan ng kanilang mga pagsalakay para kumuha ng mga <a href="/wiki/Alipin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipin">alipin</a> at muling binuhay ang banta sa isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pananakop_ng_mga_Muslim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pananakop ng mga Muslim (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagsakop ng mga naniniwala sa Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ito rin ang panahong ang Espanya ay madalas na nasa digmaan laban sa Pransiya. </p><p>Ang mga kilusan upang labanan ang <a href="/wiki/Repormasyong_Protestante" class="mw-redirect" title="Repormasyong Protestante">Repormasyong Protestante</a> mula sa Simbahang Katoliko ay humila pa pababa sa kaharian upang pamunuan ang mga digmaang pangrelihiyon. Ang resulta ay isang bansang napilitang palawakin ang mga gawaing pangmilitar sa buong Europa at sa Mediteraneo.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa mga kalagitnaang dekada ng digmaan at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakilang_Salot_ng_Sevilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dakilang Salot ng Sevilla (hindi pa naisusulat)">salot</a> ng ika-17 dantaon sa Europa, dinala sa gulo ng mga Kastilang Habsburgo ang bansa sa mga malawakang hidwaang relihiyon at pulitikal. Ang mga sigalot na ito’y sumaid sa kanilang yaman at nagpabagsak sa ekonomiya sa kabuuan. Nagawa ng Espanya na mahawakan ang mga naghiwa-hiwalay na imperyong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habsburgo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habsburgo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Habsburgo</a>, at tinulungan ang mga puwersang imperyo ng <a href="/wiki/Banal_na_Imperyong_Romano" title="Banal na Imperyong Romano">Banal na Imperyong Romano</a> na bumawi mula sa malaking bahagi ng mga pag-atakeng isinagawa ng mga puwersang Protestante, subalit sa bandang huli’y napilitang kilalanin ang paghiwalay ng Portugal (kung saan ito’y <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unyong_Iberiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unyong Iberiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">nakipagkaisa</a> sa isang personal na pagsasanib ng mga korona mula 1580 hanggang 1640) at ng <a href="/wiki/Olanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Olanda">Olanda</a>, at kinalauna’y nagtamo ng mga matitinding pagsalakay-militar sa Pransiya sa mga huling bahagi ng mapanira at sakop ang buong Europa na <a href="/wiki/Tatlumpung_Taong_Digmaan" title="Tatlumpung Taong Digmaan">Tatlumpung Taong Digmaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa huling kalahati ng ika-17 dantaon, unti-unting humina ang lakas ng Espanya, kung saan isinuko nito ang marami nitong maliliit na teritoryo sa Pransiya at sa Olandiya; gayunpaman, napanatili at napalaki nito ang imperyo sa ibayong-dagat, na hindi nagalaw hanggang noong simula ng ika-19 na dantaon. </p><p>Ang paghinang ito’y nagbunsod sa kontorbersiya sa paghalili sa trono na naganap noong mga unang taon ng ika-18 dantaon. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaan_ng_Paghalili_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaan ng Paghalili sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digmaan ng Paghalili sa Espanya</a> ay isang malawakang hidwaang pang-ibayong dagat na sinamahan pa ng digmaang panloob, at kumuha sa mga pagmamay-ari sa Europa at posisyon ng kaharian bilang isa sa mga pangunahing makapangyarihan sa Kontinente.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa panahon ng digmaang iyon, isang bagong dinastiyang nagmula sa Pransiya, ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tahanan_ng_Bourbon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tahanan ng Bourbon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bourbon</a>, ang nailuklok. Pinagkakaisa lang ng Korona, isang tunay na estadong Kastila ang naitatag nang pinagkaisa ng unang haring Bourbon, si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felipe_V_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felipe V ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Felipe V</a>, ang mga korona ng Castilla at Aragon at gawing iisang estado lang, na siyang nag-alis sa marami at mga lumang pribilehiyo at batas sa mga rehiyon.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang ika-18 dantaon ay nakitaan ng unti-unting pagbangon at pag-angat ng kabuhayan sa malaking bahagi ng imperyo. Itinulad ng bagong monarkiyang Bourbon sa sistemang Pranses ang pagsasamoderno ng pamunuan at ng ekonomiya. Ang mga kaisipan hinggil sa <a href="/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan" title="Panahon ng Kaliwanagan">Kaliwanagan</a> ay nagsimulang lumitaw sa ilan sa mga elitista at monarkiya ng kaharian. Ang tulong militar para sa mga nagrebeldeng kolonya ng Britanya noong <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Rebolusyonaryong_Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Rebolusyonaryong Amerikano">Digmaang Amerikano</a> para sa Kasarinlan ay tumulong sa katayuang pang-ibayong dagat ng kaharian.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberalismo_at_estadong-bansa">Liberalismo at estadong-bansa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Liberalismo at estadong-bansa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Liberalismo at estadong-bansa"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya_sa_ika-19_na_dantaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espanya sa ika-19 na dantaon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Espanya sa ika-19 na dantaon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Kastila-Amerikano" class="mw-redirect" title="Digmaang Kastila-Amerikano">Digmaang Kastila-Amerikano</a></div> <p>Noong 1793, sumabak sa digmaan ang Espanya laban sa mapaghimagsik na bagong <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Pranses" class="mw-redirect" title="Republikang Pranses">Republikang Pranses</a> bilang kasapi ng Koalisyon. Hinati sa mga paksiyon ang bansa bilang tugon laban sa mga elitistang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francization" class="extiw" title="en:Francization">Pransipikado</a>. Sa pagkatalo sa laban, isang kasunduan sa kapayapaan ang ginawa kasama ng Pransiya noong 1795. Taong 1807, isang lihim na kasunduan sa pagitan ng mga tropa ni Napoleon at ng kinasusuklamang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_de_Godoy,_Prinsipe_ng_Kapayapaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel de Godoy, Prinsipe ng Kapayapaan (hindi pa naisusulat)">punong ministro</a> ang nagdala sa pagpapahayag ng digmaan laban sa Britanya at Portugal. Pinasok ng mga tropa ni Napoleon ang bansa upang sakupin ang Portugal subalit sa halip ay kinubkob ang mga pangunahing tanggulan ng Espanya. Ang nalinlang na hari ng Espanya ay nagbitiw sa tungkulin pabor sa kapatid ni <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_ng_Pransiya" title="Napoleon I ng Pransiya">Napoleon</a>, si <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a>. </p><p>Si Joseph Bonaparte ay itinuring na isang tau-tauhan ng monarka (<i>puppet monarch</i>) at kinukutya ng mga Kastila. Ang himagsikan ng 2 Mayo 1808 ay isa lamang sa maraming makabansang pag-aalsa laban sa rehimeng Bonaparte. Ang mga pag-aaklas na ito ang nagpasimula ng mapangwasak na digmaan para sa kalayaan laban sa rehimeng Napoleon. Napilitan si Napoleon na mamagitan nang personal, na nagpagapi sa maraming kawal-Kastila at sapilitang nagpasuko sa puwersa ng Britanya. Subalit, dahil sa patuloy na kilos-militar ng puwersang Kastila, mga gerilya at mga puwersang Britaniko-Portuges ni Wellington, na sinamahan pa ng bigong pananakop ni Napoleon sa Rusya, napalayas ang puwersang imperyong Pranses mula sa Espanya noong 1814, at napabalik si Haring <a href="/wiki/Fernando_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando VII">Fernando VII</a>. </p><p>Noong digmaan ng 1810, isang pangkat-rebolusyonaryo, ang <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_de_C%C3%A1diz" class="extiw" title="es:Cortes de Cádiz">Cortes ng Cádiz</a>, ay binuo upang pagsamahin ang lakas laban sa rehimeng Bonaparte at upang maghanda ng isang saligang-batas. Nagsama-sama ito bilang isang pangkat, at kinakatawan ng mga kasapi nito ang buong imperyong Kastila. Noong 1812 isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang-Batas_ng_Espanya_ng_1812&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang-Batas ng Espanya ng 1812 (hindi pa naisusulat)">saligang-batas</a> para sa pandaigdigang representasyon sa ilalim ng isang monarkiyang konstitusyonal ang ipinahayag, subalit matapos ang pagbagsak ng rehimeng Bonaparte, pinawalang-bisa ni <a href="/wiki/Fernando_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando VII">Fernando VII</a> ang Cortes Generales at natukoy na mamumuno ito bilang isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarkiyang_absoluto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarkiyang absoluto (hindi pa naisusulat)">monarkiyang absoluto</a>. Naging mitsa ang mga pangyayaring ito ng hidwaan sa pagitan ng mga <a href="/wiki/Konserbatismo" title="Konserbatismo">konserbatibo</a> at mga liberal noong ika-19 at sa unang bahagi ng ika-20 dantaon. </p><p>Ang mga puwersang kontra-liberal na kilala bilang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Carlista</a> ay lumaban sa mga liberal noong mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Digmaang_Carlista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digmaang Carlista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Digmaang Carlista</a>. Nagwagi ang puwersang liberal, ngunit ang hidwaan sa pagitan ng mga progresibo at konserbatibong liberal ay nagtapos sa isang mahina at maagang panahong konstitusyonal. Matapos ang Maluwalhating Himagsikan (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glorious_Revolution_(Spain)" class="extiw" title="en:Glorious Revolution (Spain)">Glorious Revolution</a></i>) at ng maikling panahon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unang_Republikang_Kastila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unang Republikang Kastila (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unang Republikang Kastila</a>, isang mas matatag na panahong monarka ang nanaig kaalinsabay ng pagsasanib ng mga progresibo at mga konserbatibong liberal. </p><p>Iniwan ng Digmaang Napoleon ang Espanya na bagsak ang ekonomiya, hati-hati at di-matatag ang sitwasyong pampulitika. Sa gitna pa ng mga kaguluhang ito, nagpahayag ng kasarinlan ang mga kolonya ng Espanya sa Amerika, na nagdala ng mga digmaan para sa kalayaan na tumapos sa pagkontrol ng Espanya sa mga pangunahing lupang kolonya nito sa Amerika. Itinuring ang Saligang Batas ng 1812 na masyadong liberal ng mga konserbatibo sa mga kolonya at siyang nagtulak sa marami na sumama sa pakikibaka tungo sa kasarinlan. Ang pagtatangka ni Haring Fernando VII na muling magpakita ng lakas ay balewala dahil hinarap niya ang mga pambabatikos hindi lamang sa mga kolonya nito kundi maging sa Espanya mismo, at sinundan ito ng mga pag-aalsa, na pinamunuan ng mga opisyal na liberal. Sa pagtatapos ng 1826, ang tanging mga kolonyang hawak ng Espanya sa Amerika ay ang <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> at <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p><p>Sa kahinaan at krisis pang-ekonomiya na tumama sa Espanya noong ika-19 na dantaon, sumibol ang mga kilusang makabansa sa <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a> at Cuba. Mga digmaan para sa kasarinlan ang naging bunga nito sa mga kolonyang nabanggit at kinalauna’y nakisali ang Estados Unidos. Ang digmaang pumutok sa tagsibol ng 1898 ay hindi nagtagal. Ang <i>El Desastre</i> (Ang Kasawiang-Palad), mas kilalang tawag sa digmaang iyon sa Espanya, ay nakadagdag pa sa <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_1898" class="extiw" title="es:Generación de 1898">Henerasyon ng 1898</a> na noong panahong iyo’y nagsasagawa ng pagsusuri hinggil sa bansa. </p><p>Bagama’t nagiging masaganang muli ang bansa noong sumunod na dantaon, hindi ganap na kapayapaan ang hatid ng ika-20 siglo; maliit ang papel na ginampanan ng Espanya sa pagsakop sa Aprika, sa pagkakasakop nito sa <a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanlurang Sahara">Kanlurang Sahara</a>, <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorado_espa%C3%B1ol_en_Marruecos" class="extiw" title="es:Protectorado español en Marruecos">Kastilang Maruekos</a>, at <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a>. Nanatiling walang pinanigan ang bansa noong <a href="/wiki/Unang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig" title="Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig">Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig</a>. Ang malalaking pagkaluging tinamo nito noong Digmaang Rif ng 1920 ay nagdala ng kawalang-tiwala sa pamahalaan at nagpahina sa monarkiya. </p><p>Ang diktaturyang rehimen sa ilalim ni Heneral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Primo_de_Rivera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Primo de Rivera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Miguel Primo de Rivera</a> (1923–1931) ay nagtapos nang maitatag ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikalawang_Republikang_Kastila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikalawang Republikang Kastila (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikalawang Republikang Kastila</a>. Inalok ng Republika ang awtonomiyang pulitikal sa Basko, Katalunya, at Galisya at nagbigay ng kaparatan sa mga kababaihan na bumoto at unti-unting pinangungunahan ng mga maka-kaliwang radikal. Sa lumalalang kalagayang pang-ekonomiya noong Dakilang Depresyon, nagging higit na radikal at bayolente ang pulitika sa Espanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digmaang_Panloob_ng_Espanya_at_diktadura">Digmaang Panloob ng Espanya at diktadura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Digmaang Panloob ng Espanya at diktadura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Digmaang Panloob ng Espanya at diktadura"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Sibil_ng_Espanya" title="Digmaang Sibil ng Espanya">Digmaang Sibil ng Espanya</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya_sa_panahon_ni_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espanya sa panahon ni Franco (hindi pa naisusulat)">Espanya sa panahon ni Franco</a></div> <p>Ang Digmaang Panloob ng Espanya ay nag-umpisa noong 1936. Sa loob ng tatlong taon, nilabanan ng puwersang <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Sibil_ng_Espanya" title="Digmaang Sibil ng Espanya">Nasyonalista</a> na pinamumunuan ni Heneral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Franco (hindi pa naisusulat)">Francisco Franco</a> at tinangkilik ng <a href="/wiki/Alemanyang_Nazi" title="Alemanyang Nazi">Alemanyang Nazi</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italyang_Pasista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italyang Pasista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Italyang Pasista</a> ang mga maka-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_(Spain)" class="extiw" title="en:Popular Front (Spain)">Republikano</a>, na sinuportahan naman ng <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Sobyet" class="mw-redirect" title="Unyong Sobyet">Unyong Sobyet</a>, Mexico at mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Brigades" class="extiw" title="en:International Brigades">Brigadang Internasyonal</a> subalit hindi ito tinangkilik ng Lakas Kanluranin dahil sa pinangunahang patakaran ng Britanya ng <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Intervention" class="extiw" title="en:Non-Intervention">hindi-pakikialam</a>. Noong 1939, nanaig si Heneral Franco at naging isang diktador. </p><p>Napagtagumpayang labanan ang digmaang panloob at maraming pamamaslang ang isinagawa ng magkabilang paksiyon. Kinuha ng digmaan ang buhay ng mahigit 500,000 tao at naging dahilan ng paglisan ng aabot sa kalahating milyong mga mamamayan mula sa bansa. </p><p>Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya_sa_panahon_ni_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espanya sa panahon ni Franco (hindi pa naisusulat)">estado nang itatag ni Francisco Franco</a> ay maituturing na walang pinapanigan noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, bagama't ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya_noong_Ikalawang_Digmaang_Pandaigdig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espanya noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig (hindi pa naisusulat)">simpatya</a> nito ay nasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakas_Axis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lakas Axis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Axis</a>. Ang tanging ligal na partido sa ilalim ni Franco matapos ang digmaang sibil ay ang <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Falange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falange (hindi pa naisusulat)">Falange</a></i> <i>Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS</i>, na nabuo noong 1937; binigyang-diin ng partido ang mga kaisipang laban sa Komunismo, Katolisismo, at nasyonalismo. Dahil sa oposisyon ni Franco sa mga magkakalabang partido pulitikal, pinalitan ang pangalan ng partido bilang Kilusang Pambansa (<i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_Nacional" class="extiw" title="es:Movimiento Nacional">Movimiento Nacional</a></i>) noong 1949. </p><p>Matapos ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, nakahiwalay sa aspektong pampulitika at pang-ekonomiya ang Espanya, at hindi kabilang sa mga <a href="/wiki/Nagkakaisang_Bansa" title="Nagkakaisang Bansa">Nagkakaisang Bansa</a>. Nagbago ito noong 1955, noong panahon ng <a href="/wiki/Digmaang_Malamig" title="Digmaang Malamig">Digmaang Malamig</a> (<i>Cold War</i>), nang maging mahalaga ang bansa sa aspekto ng estratehiya para sa Estados Unidos na makapagtatag ng presensiyang pang-militar nito sa Tangway ng Iberia bilang sagot sa anumang posibleng pagkilos ng Unyong Sobyet sa mga katubigang Mediteraneo. Noong dekada ng 1960, nakapagtala ang Espanya ng hindi pa nagaganap na mabilis na pag-angat ng ekonomiya na nakilala sa tawag ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himala_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himala ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">himala ng Espanya</a> (<i>Spanish miracle</i>), na siyang nagtuloy ng naputol na pagtungo nito sa makabagong ekonomiya. </p><p>Noong 1962, nakipagpulong si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvador_de_Madariaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvador de Madariaga (hindi pa naisusulat)">Salvador de Madariaga</a>, tagapagtatag ng Liberal Internasyonal (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_International" class="extiw" title="en:Liberal International">Liberal International</a></i>) at ng Kolehiyo ng Europa (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Europe" class="extiw" title="en:College of Europe">College of Europe</a></i>), sa kongreso ng Kilusang Europeo (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Movement" class="extiw" title="en:European Movement">European Movement</a></i>) sa <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> kasama ang mga oposisyong kontra sa rehimeng Franco, na naganap sa loob ng bansa at sa pinagtapunang bansa. May 118 mga pulitiko mula sa lahat ng paksiyon ang naroon. Sa katapusan ng mga pagpupulong, isang resolusyong pabor sa demokrasya ang isinagawa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagbabalik_sa_Demokrasya">Pagbabalik sa Demokrasya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagbabalik sa Demokrasya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Pagbabalik sa Demokrasya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Karagdagang impormasyon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipunan_ng_Espanya_pagkatapos_ng_transisyong_demokratiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipunan ng Espanya pagkatapos ng transisyong demokratiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lipunan ng Espanya pagkatapos ng transisyong demokratiko</a></div> <p>Sa pagkamatay ni Franco noong Nobyembre 1975, si <a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I_ng_Espanya" title="Juan Carlos I ng Espanya">Juan Carlos</a> ang umupo sa puwesto bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hari_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hari ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hari ng Espanya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pinuno_ng_estado" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuno ng estado">pinuno ng estado</a> sang-ayon na rin sa batas. Sa pagtanggap ng bagong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang_Batas_ng_Espanya_ng_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978</a> at sa pagbabalik ng demokrasya, nagkaloob ng maraming kapangyarihan ang Estado sa mga rehiyon at lumikha ng panloob na organisasyon batay sa mga <a href="/wiki/Mga_awtonomong_pamayanan_at_lungsod_ng_Espanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga awtonomong pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya">nagsasariling pamayanan</a>. </p><p>Sa Basko, ang pag-angat ng nasyonalismong Basko ay sinabayan ng kilusang makabansang radikal na pinangungunahan ng armadong samahan na <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETA" class="extiw" title="en:ETA">ETA</a>. Nabuo ang pangkat noong 1959 sa panahon ng paghahari ni Franco subalit nagpatuloy sa mga marahas na kampanya kahit sa panahon ng pagbabalik ng demokrasya at pagkakaloob muli ng maraming kapangyarihan sa mga nagsasariling pamayanan. </p><p>Noong 23 Pebrero 1981, kinubkob ng mga rebeldeng kasapi ng mga puwersang panseguridad ang Cortes sa pagtatangka nitong gawing kontrolado ng militar ang pamahalaan. Personal na pinakilos ni Haring Juan Carlos ang militar at matagumpay na inutusan ang mga nagsagawa ng kudeta, sa pamamagitan ng pambansang telebisyon, na sumuko. </p><p>Noong dekada ng 1980, naging posible ang isang lumalaking bukas na lipunan dahil sa pagbabalik ng demokrasya. Lumitaw ang mga bagong pagkilos pang-kultura batay sa kalayaan, gaya ng <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Movida_Madrile%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:La Movida Madrileña">La Movida Madrileña</a>. Noong 30 Mayo 1982, sumali ang Espanya sa <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a>, matapos ang isang plebisito. Noong taon ding iyon, naging makapangyarihan ang Partido Sosyalista ng mga Manggagawa ng Espanya (<i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Socialista_Obrero_Espa%C3%B1ol" class="extiw" title="es:Partido Socialista Obrero Español">Partido Socialista Obrero Español</a></i> o PSOE), ang unang maka-kaliwang pamahalaan matapos ang 43 taon. Noong 1986, sumali ang Espanya sa <a href="/wiki/Pamayanang_Europeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamayanang Europeo">Pamayanang Europeo</a>, na kinalauna'y naging <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Unyong Europeo</a>. Pinalitan ang PSOE sa pamahalaan ng <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_Popular" class="extiw" title="es:Partido Popular">Partido Popular</a> (PP) matapos magwagi ang huli sa Pangkalahatang Halalan ng 1996; sa puntong iyon nakapagsilbi ang PSOE ng halos 14 na tuluy-tuloy na taon sa serbisyo. </p><p>Noong 1 Enero 2002, itinigil na ng Espanya ang paggamit ng <a href="/wiki/Peseta_ng_Espanya" title="Peseta ng Espanya">peseta</a> bilang salapi at pinalitan ito ng <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>, na siyang ginagamit din ng 16 na ibang mga bansa sa loob ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eurozone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eurozone (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eurozone</a>. </p><p>Kinakitaan din ang Espanya ng malakas na pagsulong ng ekonomiya, higit na mataas kaysa sa karaniwan sa <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">EU</a>; gayunpaman, sa gitna ng pag-imbulog ng ekonomiya ay ipinag-alala ng maraming ekonomista na ang sobrang taas na presyo ng mga ari-arian at ang mataas na <i>foreign trade deficit</i> o mas malaking pag-angkat kaysa pagluwas ng bansa, ay maaaring magdala patungo sa pagbagsak ng ekonomiya, na siya ngang nakumpirma sa pagbulusok ng ekonomiyang tumama sa bansa noong 2008-09.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Isang serye ng mga pambobomba sa mga pampublikong tren sa Madrid, Espanya ang naganap noong 11 Marso 2004. Matapos ang limang taong paglilitis noong 2007 napatunayang ang pambobomba'y pinamunuan ng isang lokal na militanteng grupong Islamista na hango ang paniniwala sa <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kumitil ng 191 tao ang mga pambobomba at nag-iwan ng mahigit 1,800 sugatan, at maaaring ang layunin ng mga nagpasimuno nito'y impluwensiyahan ang kalalabasan ng pangkalahatang halalan ng Espanya ng 2004, na isinagawa tatlong araw makalipas nito.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bagaman at nakatuon sa pangkat Basko na <a href="/w/index.php?title=ETA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETA (hindi pa naisusulat)">ETA</a> ang mga paunang hinala, hindi nagtagal at lumabas ang mga ebidensiyang nagtuturo sa posibleng kilusang <a href="/wiki/Islamista" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamista">Islamista</a>. Dahil naganap ito nang malapit na ang halalan, ang isyu kung sino ang responsable ay mabilis na naging isang kontrobersiyang pampulitika, kung saan ang mga partidong PP at PSOE ay nagpapalitan ng mga akusasyon sa kung sino ang dapat managot sa nangyari.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa eleksiyon noong 14 Marso, ang PSOE, na pinangunahan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Zapatero&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (hindi pa naisusulat)">José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero</a>, ay nakakuha ng pluralidad o mayoryang boto, sapat upang bumuo ng bagong gabinete, na kung saan si Rodríguez Zapatero ang bagong <i>Presidente del Gobierno</i> o <a href="/wiki/Punong_Ministro_ng_Espanya" title="Punong Ministro ng Espanya">Punong Ministro ng Espanya</a>, na ang ibig sabihi'y pinalitan nito ang dating administrasyong PP.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa panahong iyon, ang Espanya ay naging isa sa mga pinakasekular na lipunan sa Europa, na naging isa sa mga nauna sa mundo na nagpahintulot sa pagpapakasal sa kaparehong kasarian (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/same_sex_marriage" class="extiw" title="en:same sex marriage">same sex marriage</a></i>). </p><p>Ang pagputok ng tinatawag na bulá ng mga ari-arian ng Espanya (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_property_bubble" class="extiw" title="en:Spanish property bubble">Spanish property bubble</a></i>) noong 2008 ang nagpasimula ng krisis sa pananalapi ng Espanya mula 2008-2013. </p><p>Noong 19 Hunyo 2014, iniwan ni Juan Carlos ang kanyang trono at napunta sa kanyang anak, na naging si <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe VI ng Espanya">Felipe VI</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heograpiya">Heograpiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Heograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Heograpiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heograpiya_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heograpiya ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Heograpiya ng Espanya</a></div> <p>Sa lawak na 505,992 km<sup>2</sup> (195,365 mi kuw), ang Espanya ay ang <a href="/wiki/Tala_ng_mga_bansa_at_teritoryo_ayon_sa_lawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tala ng mga bansa at teritoryo ayon sa lawak">ika-52 pinakamalaking bansa</a>. Maliit ito ng 47,000 km<sup>2</sup> (18,000 mi kuw) kaysa Pransiya at malaki ito ng 81,000 km<sup>2</sup> (31,000 mi kuw) kaysa estado ng Estados Unidos na <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Ang bundok ng <a href="/wiki/Teide" title="Teide">Teide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a>) ang pinakamataas na bundok sa Espanya at ikatlong pinakamataas na bulkan sa daigdig mula sa paanan nito. </p><p>Ang lokasyon ng Espanya ay naglalaro sa pagitan ng 26° at 44° N latitud, at 19° W longhitud. </p><p>Sa kanluran, nasa hangganan ng Espanya ang <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>; sa timog naman, hinahangganan nito ang <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (isang teritoryo ng Britanya sa ibayong-dagat) at <a href="/wiki/Maruekos" title="Maruekos">Maruekos</a>, sa pamamagitan ng mga <i>exclave</i> nito sa Hilagang Aprika (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_V%C3%A9lez_de_la_Gomera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera</a>). Sa hilagang-silangan, kahilera ng bulubunduking <a href="/wiki/Pirineos" title="Pirineos">Pirineos</a>, hinahangganan nito ang Pransiya at ang munting <a href="/wiki/Prinsipado" title="Prinsipado">Prinsipado</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>. Kahilera ng Pirineos sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lalawigan_ng_Girona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lalawigan ng Girona (hindi pa naisusulat)">Girona</a>, ang isang maliit na bayang <i>exclave</i> na tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ll%C3%ADvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Llívia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Llívia</a> ay pinaliligiran ng Pransiya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_Pulo">Mga Pulo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Pulo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Pulo"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kabilang sa Espanya ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulo_ng_Baleariko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulo ng Baleariko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pulo ng Baleariko</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Dagat_Mediteraneo" title="Dagat Mediteraneo">Dagat Mediteraneo</a>, ang mga <a href="/wiki/Pulo_ng_Canarias" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulo ng Canarias">Pulo ng Canarias</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Karagatang_Atlantiko" title="Karagatang Atlantiko">Karagatang Atlantiko</a> at ang marami pang hindi-pinaninirahang mga pulo sa tabi ng Mediteraneo sa <a href="/wiki/Kipot_ng_Gibraltar" title="Kipot ng Gibraltar">Kipot ng Gibraltar</a>, na tinatawag na <i lang="es" title="Kastila language text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plazas de soberanía (hindi pa naisusulat)">plazas de soberanía</a></i> (mga teritoryo sa ilalim ng soberanya ng Espanya), gaya ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulo_ng_Chafarinas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulo ng Chafarinas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pulo ng Chafarinas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_Alhucemas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peñón de Alhucemas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alhucemas</a>, at ang maliit na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulo_ng_Perejil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulo ng Perejil (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pulo ng Perejil</a>. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulo_ng_Albor%C3%A1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulo ng Alborán (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pulo ng Alborán</a>, na matatagpuan sa Mediteraneo sa pagitan ng Espanya at Hilagang Aprika, ay pinamamahalaaan din ng Espanya, partikular na ng munisipalidad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almer%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almería (hindi pa naisusulat)">Almería</a>, Andalusia. Ang maliit na <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant_Island" class="extiw" title="en:Pheasant Island">Pheasant Island</a></i> sa Ilog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidasoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidasoa (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bidasoa</a> ay isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondominyum_(pandaigdigang_batas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondominyum (pandaigdigang batas) (hindi pa naisusulat)">kondominyum</a> ng Espanya-Pransiya. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pulo</th> <th>Populasyon </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a></td> <td>899,833 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majorca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majorca (hindi pa naisusulat)">Majorca</a> (<i>Mallorca</i>)</td> <td>862,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Canaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Canaria (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gran Canaria</a></td> <td>838,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lanzarote" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanzarote">Lanzarote</a></td> <td>141,938 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibiza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibiza (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ibiza</a></td> <td>125,053 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuerteventura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuerteventura (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fuerteventura</a></td> <td>103,107 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Minorca">Minorca</a> (<i>Menorca</i>)</td> <td>92,434 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Palma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Palma (hindi pa naisusulat)">La Palma</a></td> <td>85,933 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Gomera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Gomera (hindi pa naisusulat)">La Gomera</a></td> <td>22,259 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Hierro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El Hierro (hindi pa naisusulat)">El Hierro</a></td> <td>10,558 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formentera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formentera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Formentera</a></td> <td>7,957 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Illa_de_Arousa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Illa de Arousa (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arousa</a></td> <td>4,889 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Graciosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Graciosa (hindi pa naisusulat)">La Graciosa</a></td> <td>658 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabarca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabarca (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tabarca</a></td> <td>105 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ons_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ons Island (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ons</a></td> <td>61 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_bundok_at_ilog">Mga bundok at ilog</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga bundok at ilog" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Mga bundok at ilog"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang pangunahing kalupaan ng Espanya ay isang mabulubunduking lugar, na pinangingibabawan ng mga matataas na <a href="/wiki/Talampas" title="Talampas">talampas</a> at mga bulubundukin. Maliban sa Pirineos, ang mga pangunahing bulubundukin ay ang ordillera Cantábrica, Sistema Ibérico, Sistema Central, Montes de Toledo, Sierra Morena at ang Sistema Penibético kung saan ang pinakamataas na ituktok, ang may taas na 3,478 m na Mulhacén, na matatagpuan sa Sierra Nevada, ay ang pinakamataas na timbaw (<i>elevation</i>) sa buong Tangway ng Iberia. Ang pinakamataas na ituktok sa Espanya ay ang Teide, isang aktibong bulkan sa Pulo ng Canarias na may taas na 3,718 metro (12,198 talampakan). Ang Meseta Central ay isang malawak na talampas sa pusod ng kalupaang Espanya. </p><p>May ilang mga pangunahing ilog sa Espanya gaya ng Tagus, Ebro, Guadiana, Douro, Guadalquivir, Júcar, Segura, Turia at Minho. Matatagpuan naman ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapatagang_alubyal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapatagang alubyal (hindi pa naisusulat)">kapatagang alubyal</a> (<i>alluvial plains</i>) o mga kapatagang nabuo mula sa mga naanod na lupa ng ilog ay matatagpuan sa mga baybayin, ang pinakamalaki sa kanila ay ang nasa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guadalquivir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guadalquivir (hindi pa naisusulat)">Guadalquivir</a> sa Andalusia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamahalaan">Pamahalaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pamahalaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Pamahalaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulitika_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulitika ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pulitika ng Espanya</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang_Batas_ng_Espanya_ng_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978</a></div> <p>Ang Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978 ay isang kulminasyon ng pagtungo ng Espanya sa <a href="/wiki/Demokrasya" title="Demokrasya">demokrasya</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_sangay_ng_pamahalaan">Mga sangay ng pamahalaan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sangay ng pamahalaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sangay ng pamahalaan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang Espanya ay isang <a href="/wiki/Monarkiyang_konstitusyonal" title="Monarkiyang konstitusyonal">monarkiyang konstitusyonal</a>, kung saan may monarkang nagmamana at isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parlamentong_bikameral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parlamentong bikameral (hindi pa naisusulat)">parlamentong bikameral</a>, ang <i><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a></i> o Pangkalahatang Hukuman. Ang sangay tagapagpaganap o ehekutibo ay binubuo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_mga_Ministro_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseho ng mga Ministro ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng mga Ministro</a> na pinangunguluhan ng <a href="/wiki/Punong_Ministro_ng_Espanya" title="Punong Ministro ng Espanya">Punong Ministro</a>, na iminungkahi ng monarka at pinagtibay ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan matapos ang halalang lehislatibo. Batay sa nakaugaliang pampulitikang binuo ni Haring Juan Carlos mula noong pinagtibay ang Saligang Batas ng 1978, ang lahat ng mga nominasyon ng hari ay mula sa mga partidong may pinanghahawakang pluralidad ng puwesto (<i>plurality of seats</i>) sa Kapulungan. </p><p>Ang sangay tagapagbatas o lehislatibo ay binubuo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapulungan_ng_mga_Kinatawan_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan</a> (<i>Congreso de los Diputados</i>) na may 350 mga miyembro, na pinili batay sa popular na botong may angkop na representasyon upang maglingkod ng apat na taong termino, at ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Senado_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senado ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Senado</a> na may 259 puwesto, kung saan 208 rito ay tuwirang hinalal at 51 ang pinili ng rehiyunal na lehislatura sa tungkuling nagtatagal ng apat na taon. </p> <ul><li><b>Pinuno ng Estado</b> <ul><li>Haring <a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI_ng_Espanya" title="Felipe VI ng Espanya">Felipe VI</a>, simula 19 Hunyo 2014</li></ul></li> <li><b>Pinuno ng Pamahalaan</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punong_Ministro_ng_Espanya" title="Punong Ministro ng Espanya">Punong Ministro ng Espanya</a> (<i>Presidente del Gobierno</i>): <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Sanchez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Sanchez (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pedro Sanchez</a>, hinalal noong 1 Hunyo 2018. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangalawang_Punong_Ministro_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangalawang Punong Ministro ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangalawang Punong Ministro ng Espanya</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministro_ng_Pagkapangulo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministro ng Pagkapangulo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ministro ng Pagkapangulo</a>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soraya_S%C3%A1enz_de_Santamar%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría (hindi pa naisusulat)">Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Gabinete</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_mga_Ministro_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konseho ng mga Ministro ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng mga Ministro</a> (<i>Consejo de Ministros</i>) na itinalaga ng pangulo</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ugnayang_Panlabas_ng_Espanya">Ugnayang Panlabas ng Espanya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ugnayang Panlabas ng Espanya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Ugnayang Panlabas ng Espanya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugnayang_panlabas_ng_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugnayang panlabas ng Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ugnayang panlabas ng Espanya</a></div> <p>Pagkatapos ang pagbalik ng demokrasya kasunod ng pagkamatay ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Franco (hindi pa naisusulat)">Franco</a> noong 1975, ang naging pangunahing layunin ng <a href="/wiki/Patakarang_panlabas" title="Patakarang panlabas">patakarang panlabas</a> ng Espanya ay ang kumawala sa diplomatikong pag-iisa (<i>diplomatic isolation</i>) at palawakin ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diplomatikong_ugnayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diplomatikong ugnayan (hindi pa naisusulat)">diplomatikong ugnayan</a>, pumasok sa <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Pamayanang Europeo</a> at itakda ang ugnayang pangseguridad nito sa Kanluran. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demograpiya">Demograpiya</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Demograpiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Demograpiya"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_Wika">Mga Wika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Wika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Mga Wika"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_Wika_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga Wika sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Wika sa Espanya</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Spain_languages.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/220px-Spain_languages.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/330px-Spain_languages.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Spain_languages.svg/440px-Spain_languages.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Ang Espanya ay kilalang may maraming wika,<sup id="cite_ref-conversi_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conversi-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at itinatadhana ng saligang-batas na pangangalagaan ng bansa “ang lahat ng mga Kastila at mga mamamayan ng Espanya sa paggamit nito ng mga karapatang pantao, ng kanilang mga kultura at tradisyon, mga wika at mga institusyon.”<sup id="cite_ref-preamble_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preamble-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang wikang Kastila (<i>español</i>)—opisyal na kinikilala ng saligang-batas bilang <i><a href="/wiki/Wikang_Kastila" title="Wikang Kastila">castellano</a></i>—ay ang opisyal na wika ng buong bansa, at karapatan at tungkulin ng bawat Kastila na matutuhan ang wika. Itinataguyod din ng saligang-batas na ang “ibang mga wika sa Espanya” ay magiging opisyal din sa kani-kanilang mga nagsasariling pamayanan ayon na rin sa kanilang mga batas na tinatawag nilang <i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuto_de_Autonom%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="es:Estatuto de Autonomía">Estatuto de Autonomía</a></i>, mga organikong rehiyunal na tagapagbatas, at yaong “kayamanan ng natatanging lingguwistikang modalidad ng Espanya ay kumakatawan sa isang pamanang magiging simbolo ng natatanging paggalang at pagtatanggol.”<sup id="cite_ref-third_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-third-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ang iba pang mga opisyal na wika sa Espanya, kasamang kinikilala ng Kastila, ay: </p> <ul><li>Wikang Basko (<i>euskara</i>) sa Basko at Navarre;</li> <li>Katalan (<i>català</i>) sa Katalunya, sa mga Pulong Baleariko at sa Pamayanang Valenciano, kung saan ang natatanging modalidad ng lengguwahe ay opisyal na kilala bilang Valenciano (<i>valencià</i>); at</li> <li>Wikang Galisya (<i>galego</i>) sa Galisya</li></ul> <p>Batay sa bahagdan ng pangkalahatang populasyon, ang Wikang Basko ay sinasalita ng 2% nito, Katalan (o Valenciano) ng 17%, at Wikang Galisya ng 7% ng lahat ng mga Kastila.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sa Katalunya, ang Wikang Aranes (<i>aranés</i>), isang lokal na diyalekto ng wikang Oksitano, ay ipinahayag na kasamang wikang opisyal ng Katalan at Kastila simula noong 2006. Ito ay sinasalita lamang sa <i>comarca</i> ng Val d'Aran ng halos 6,700 tao. Ang iba pang minoryang wikang Romanse, bagama’t hindi opisyal, ay may natatanging pagkilala, gaya ng pangkat Astur-Leones (Asturiano, <i>asturianu</i>; tinatawag ding "<i>bable</i>", sa Asturias<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at Leones, llionés, sa Castilla at León) at Aragones (<i>aragonés</i>) sa Aragon. </p><p>Sa nagsasariling lungsod ng Espanya sa Hilagang Aprika na Melilla, ang Riff Berber ay sinasalita ng may katamtamang bahagi ng populasyon. Sa mga lugar panturista ng baybaying Mediteraneo at sa mga pulo nito, ang Ingles at Aleman ay malawak na sinasalita ng mga turista, mga naninirahang banyaga, at mga manggagawa sa turismo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edukasyon">Edukasyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Edukasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Edukasyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edukasyon_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edukasyon sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Edukasyon sa Espanya</a></div> <p>Ang pang-estadong edukasyon ng Espanya ay libre at sapilitan mula sa edad na 6 hanggang 16. Ang kasalukuyang sistemang pang-edukasyon ay itinatag ng batas pang-edukasyon ng 2006, ang LOE (<i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_Org%C3%A1nica_de_Educaci%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="es:Ley Orgánica de Educación">Ley Orgánica de Educación</a></i>), o Batayang Batas ng Edukasyon.<sup id="cite_ref-LOE_juridicas_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOE_juridicas-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relihiyon">Relihiyon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Relihiyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Relihiyon"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Relihiyon_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Relihiyon sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Relihiyon sa Espanya</a></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Karagdagang impormasyon: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_mga_Hudyo_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng mga Hudyo sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng mga Hudyo sa Espanya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pananampalatayang_Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pananampalatayang Bahá'í sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pananampalatayang Bahá'í sa Espanya</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hinduismo_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hinduismo sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hinduismo sa Espanya</a>, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Islam_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Islam sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Islam sa Espanya</a></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th colspan="5">Mga Relihiyon sa Espanya (sa porsiyento)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px;"> </td><td style="padding:0 4px; width:5em; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em">Katolisismo</td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:69px; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em" align="right">69</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em">Walang relihiyon</td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:26px; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em" align="right">26</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em">Ibang pananampalataya</td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:2px; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em" align="right">2</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-right:0.4em; padding-left:0.4em">Walang sagot</td> <td style="border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:3px; overflow:hidden">  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="min-width:3em;padding-left:0.4em" align="right">3</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px">Datos mula sa sumusunod na batis:<sup id="cite_ref-CIS_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p>Ang <a href="/wiki/Katolisismong_Romano" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolisismong Romano">Katolisismong Romano</a> ay naging pangunahing relihiyon ng Espanya sa mahabang panahon, at bagama’t wala na itong opisyal na posisyon sa batas, sa lahat ng pampublikong paaralan sa Espanya, ang mga mag-aaral ay kinakailangang pumili ng klase sa relihiyon o sa etika, at ang Katolisismo lamang ang tanging relihiyong opisyal na itinuturo. Ayon sa isang pag-aaral noong Abril 2014 ng Sentrong Kastila para sa Pananaliksik sa Pakikipagkapwa-Tao (<i>Spanish Centre for Sociological Research</i>), halos 69% ng mga Kastila ang nagsabing sila’y Katoliko, 2% ang ibang pananampalataya, at halos 26% na ang nagsabing wala silang relihiyon (9.4% ng kabuuan ay mga ateista). Karamihan sa mga Kastila’y hindi regular na sumasama sa mga gawaing panrelihiyon. Sinabi rin ng parehong pag-aaral na mula sa mga Kastilang nagsabing may relihiyon sila, 59% nito ay bibihira o hindi pumupunta sa simbahan, 15% nama’y pumupunta sa simbahan paminsan-minsan sa isang taon, 8% paminsan-minsan sa isang buwan, at 14% tuwing Linggo o maraming beses kada linggo.<sup id="cite_ref-CIS_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIS-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lahat-lahat, halos 22% ng buong populasyong Kastila ay dumadalo sa mga gawaing panrelihiyon kahit isang beses sa isang buwan. Bagama’t ang lipunang Kastila ay maituturing na naging mas sekular nitong mga huling dekada, ang pagdating ng mga migranteng Latino Amerikano, na isa sa mga aktibong mananampalatayang Katoliko, ay nakatulong sa Simbahang Katoliko na makabangon. </p><p>Nagkaroon na rin ng apat na Kastilang Santo Papa, sina Damasus I, Calixtus III, Alexander VI at Benedict XIII. Naging mahalagang labang pangkaisipan ang mistisimong Kastila kontra sa Protestantismo sa pangunguna ni Teresa ng Ávila, isang repormistang madre. Ang Lipunan ni Hesus (<i>Society of Jesus</i>) ay itinatag ni Ignacio ng Loyola. </p><p>May 1,200,000 kasapi ang mga simbahang Protestante. Mayroon namang halos 105,000 Saksi ni Jehova. <a href="/wiki/Ang_Simbahan_ni_Jesucristo_ng_mga_Banal_sa_mga_Huling_Araw" title="Ang Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw">Ang Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw</a> ay tinatayang may 46,000 tagasunod sa 133 kongregasyon nito sa lahat ng rehiyon sa bansa at may templo sa Distrito Moratalaz ng Madrid. </p><p>Isang pag-aaral na isinagawa ng <i>Unión de Comunidades Islámicas de España</i> ang nagpapakita na may halos 1,700,000 mananampalatayang Muslim ang nananahan sa Espanya nitong 2012, na kumakatawan sa 3-4% ng buong populasyon ng Espanya. Ang malaking bahagdan nito ay binubuo ng mga migrante at mga angkang orihinal na nagmula sa Maruekos at sa ibang mga bansang Aprikano. Higit sa 514,000 (30%) nito ang may pagkamamamayang Kastila. </p><p>Ang mga migrasyon nitong huli ay nagbunsod din sa paglaki ng bilang ng mga Hindu, Budista, Sikh, at mga Muslim. Matapos ang Reconquista noong 1492, hindi pinahintulutan ang mga Muslim na manirahan sa Espanya sa loob ng maraming dantaon. Ang kolonyal na pagpapalawak noong huling bahagi ng ika-19 na dantaon sa hilagang-kanluraning Aprika ay nagbigay sa ilang mga residente ng Kastilang Maruekos at Kanlurang Sahara ng ganap na pagkamamamayan. Napagtibay ang kanilang mga katayuan sa pamamagitan ng mga migrasyon nitong huli, partikular na mula sa Maruekos at Algeria. </p><p>Ang Judaismo ay maituturing na hindi umiiral sa Espanya mula noong pagpapatalsik noong 1492 hanggang noong ika-19 na dantaon, kung kalian muling pinayagan ang mga Hudyo na pumasok sa bansa. Sa kasalukuyan, may humigit-kumulang 62,000 Hudyo sa Espanya, o 0.14% ng kabuuang populasyon. Karamihan ay mga nagmula sa nakaraang dantaon, habang ang iba ay mga inanak ng naunang mga Hudyong Kastila. Halos 80,000 Hudyo ang maituturing na nanahan sa Espanya bago ang Inkisisyong Kastila. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kultura">Kultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Kultura"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palakasan">Palakasan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Palakasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Palakasan"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palakasan_sa_Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palakasan sa Espanya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Palakasan sa Espanya</a></div> <p>Bagama't marami nang uri ng futbol ang nalaro sa Espanya mula pa noong panahon ng mga Romano, ang palakasan o isport sa Espanya ay matagal nang dominado ng estilong Ingles na futbol o <i>association football</i> mula pa noong unang bahagi ng ika-20 dantaon. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Real_Madrid_C.F.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real Madrid C.F. (hindi pa naisusulat)">Real Madrid C.F.</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=FC_Barcelona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FC Barcelona (hindi pa naisusulat)">FC Barcelona</a> ay dalawa sa mga pinakamatatagumpay na mga koponang futbol sa buong mundo. Ang pambansang koponang futbol ng bansa'y nagwagi sa Kampeonatong Futbol Europeo ng UEFA (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UEFA_European_Football_Championship" class="extiw" title="en:UEFA European Football Championship">UEFA European Football Championship</a></i>) noong 1964, 2008 at 2012, at sa Kopang Pandaigdig ng FIFA (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" class="extiw" title="en:FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a></i>) noong 2010, at siyang unang koponang nagwagi ng tatlong sunud-sunod na torneong internasyonal. </p><p>Ang mga larong <a href="/wiki/Basketbol" title="Basketbol">basketbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenis">tenis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cycling (hindi pa naisusulat)">cycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Handball" class="mw-disambig" title="Handball">handball</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Futsal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Futsal (hindi pa naisusulat)">futsal</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorcycling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motorcycling (hindi pa naisusulat)">motorcycling</a>, at nitong huli, <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>, ay mahahalaga rin dahil sa pagkakaroon ng mga kampeong Kastila sa lahat ng mga disiplinang ito. Ngayon, ang Espanya ay isang pangunahing <i>powerhouse</i> sa palakasan sa daigdig, lalo na mula noong <a href="/wiki/Palarong_Olimpiko_sa_Tag-init_1992" title="Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1992">Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 1992</a> (<i>1992 Summer Olympics</i>) na ginanap sa Barcelona, na nagpataas ng interes sa palakasan sa bansa. Ang industriya ng turismo ay nagbunsod sa pagpapaunlad ng mga imprastraktura sa palakasan, lalo na sa mga palakasan sa tubig, <a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">golf</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skiing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skiing (hindi pa naisusulat)">skiing</a>. </p><p>Si <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Nadal" title="Rafael Nadal">Rafael Nadal</a> ay ang nangungunang Kastila manlalaro ng tenis at nagwagi na ng maraming titulong <i>Grand Slam</i> kasama na ang isahang laro sa mga lalaki (<i>men's singles</i>) ng Wimbledon 2010. Sa hilagang Espanya, ang laro ng pelota ay napakapopular. Si Alberto Contador ay ang nangungunang siklistang Kastila at nagwagi na ng maraming titulong <i>Grand Tour</i> kabilang ang dalawang titulong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tour_de_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tour de France (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tour de France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_pista_opisyal_at_pagdiriwang">Mga pista opisyal at pagdiriwang</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pista opisyal at pagdiriwang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pista opisyal at pagdiriwang"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ang mga pista opisyal (<i>public holidays</i>) sa Espanya ay kinabibilangan ng halong pang-relihiyon (Katoliko Romano), pambansa, at pang-rehiyong paggunita. Bawat munisipalidad ay pinahihintulutang magpahayag ng hindi hihigit sa 14 na pista opisyal bawat taon; hanggang siyam sa mga ito'y pinili ng pamahalaan at hindi naman bababa sa dalawa ang pinili ng bayan. Ang Pambansang Araw ng Espanya (<i><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesta_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="es:Fiesta Nacional de España">Fiesta Nacional de España</a></i>) ay sa 12 Oktubre, ang anibersaryo ng Pagkakatuklas sa Amerika at pag-alaala sa pista ng Ina ng Haligi (<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Pillar" class="extiw" title="en:Our Lady of the Pillar">Our Lady of the Pillar</a></i>), ang patron ng Aragon at ng kabuuan ng Espanya. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pagkahati">Pagkahati</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkahati" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkahati"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Karagdagang impormasyon: <a href="/wiki/Mga_awtonomong_pamayanan_at_lungsod_ng_Espanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga awtonomong pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya">Mga awtonomong pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_tala">Mga tala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga tala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Mga tala"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ang opisyal na wikang pambansa ng Estado na itinakda sa Seksiyon 3 ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saligang_Batas_ng_Espanya_ng_1978&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978 (hindi pa naisusulat)">Saligang Batas ng Espanya ng 1978</a> ay Kastila.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sa ilang <a href="/wiki/Mga_awtonomong_pamayanan_at_lungsod_ng_Espanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga awtonomong pamayanan at lungsod ng Espanya">nagsasariling pamayanan</a>, ang <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Katalan" title="Wikang Katalan">Katalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikang_Galisyano" title="Wikang Galisyano">Galisyano</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Basko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Basko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Basko</a> ay mga kinikilalang rehiyonal na wika. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Aranes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Aranes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aranes</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikang_Asturiano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikang Asturiano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asturiano</a> ay may natatanging antas ng opisyal na pagkilala.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maliban sa <a href="/wiki/Canarias" title="Canarias">Kapuluan ng Canarias</a>, na nag-oobserba ng UTC+0 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Western European Time">WET</a>) at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_European_Summer_Time" class="extiw" title="en:Western European Summer Time">UTC+1</a> kapag panahon ng tag-init.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ang <a href="/wiki/.eu" class="mw-redirect" title=".eu">.eu</a> na <i>domain</i> ay ginagamit din, dahil ito ay pinagsasalu-saluhan din kasama ng ibang mga kasaping estado ng <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Unyong Europeo</a>. Isa pa, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=.cat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title=".cat (hindi pa naisusulat)">.cat</a> na <i>domain</i> ay ginagamit sa <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Catalans" class="extiw" title="en:Països Catalans">mga teritoryong nagsasalita ng Katalan</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Para sa kaugnay na sumunod na mga pagpapalayas, tingnan ang <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morisco" class="extiw" title="en:Morisco">Morisco</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Maliban kung tuwirang tutukuyin, ang lahat ng mga sanggunian ay orihinal na nakasulat sa wikang Ingles. Isinalin ang mga bahagi ng pinagkunang pahinang web batay sa konsepto at pagkakaunawa ng mga sumulat ng artikulo.</i> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/lang/en/espana/leyfundamental/Paginas/titulo_preliminar.aspx">"The Spanish Constitution"</a>. Lamoncloa.gob.es<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">20 Set</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Constitution&rft.pub=Lamoncloa.gob.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lamoncloa.gob.es%2Flang%2Fen%2Fespana%2Fleyfundamental%2FPaginas%2Ftitulo_preliminar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario06/anu06_01entor.pdf">"Anuario estadístico de España 2006. 1ª parte: entorno físico y medio ambiente"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)</i> (sa wikang Kastila)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">5 Hun</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica+%28Spain%29&rft.atitle=Anuario+estad%C3%ADstico+de+Espa%C3%B1a+2006.+1%C2%AA+parte%3A+entorno+f%C3%ADsico+y+medio+ambiente&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fprodyser%2Fpubweb%2Fanuario06%2Fanu06_01entor.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/en/prensa/np788_en.pdf">"Population Figures at 1 January 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+Figures+at+1+January+2013&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica+%28INE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fen%2Fprensa%2Fnp788_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.es/prensa/np756.pdf">"Censos de Población y Viviendas de 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (sa wikang Kastila). Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censos+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n+y+Viviendas+de+2011&rft.pub=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estad%C3%ADstica+%28INE%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.es%2Fprensa%2Fnp756.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="languageicon">(sa Kastila)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-0">5.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-1">5.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-2">5.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-imf2_6-3">5.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=74&pr.y=15&sy=2014&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=184&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=">"Spain"</a>. International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">27 Hunyo</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spain&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2014%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D74%26pr.y%3D15%26sy%3D2014%26ey%3D2014%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D184%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurogini-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurogini_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045123/http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12">"Gini coefficient of equivalized disposable income (source: SILC)"</a>. Eurostat Data Explorer. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12">orihinal</a> noong 4 Marso 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">22 Hul</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+coefficient+of+equivalized+disposable+income+%28source%3A+SILC%29&rft.pub=Eurostat+Data+Explorer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fappsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fnui%2Fshow.do%3Fdataset%3Dilc_di12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr14-summary-en.pdf">"2014 Human Development Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 14 Mar 2013. pp. 21–25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">27 Hul</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2014+Human+Development+Report&rft.pages=21-25&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr14-summary-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JETE-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-JETE_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish1977" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Leo_James_English" title="Leo James English">English, Leo James</a> (1977). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Kinakailangan ng malayang pagrehistro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tagalogenglishdi00leoj/">"España, Español, Espanyola, Kastila, Kastelyano"</a></span>. <i>Tagalog-English Dictionary</i> (sa wikang Ingles). Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9710810731" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9710810731"><bdi>9710810731</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Espa%C3%B1a%2C+Espa%C3%B1ol%2C+Espanyola%2C+Kastila%2C+Kastelyano&rft.btitle=Tagalog-English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Congregation+of+the+Most+Holy+Redeemer&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=9710810731&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Leo+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftagalogenglishdi00leoj%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burke-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-burke_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBurk" class="citation book cs1">Burk, Ulick Ralph (2nd edition, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=DuiyyWGg-KEC&pg=PA410&dq=spain+hispania&q=hispania"><i>A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic, Volume 1</i></a>. London: Longmans, Green & Co. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-1-4437-4054-8" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-1-4437-4054-8"><bdi>978-1-4437-4054-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+the+Death+of+Ferdinand+the+Catholic%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=London&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+%26+Co&rft.isbn=978-1-4437-4054-8&rft.aulast=Burk&rft.aufirst=Ulick+Ralph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDuiyyWGg-KEC%26pg%3DPA410%26dq%3Dspain%2Bhispania%26q%3Dhispania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anthon-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-anthon_13-0">10.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-anthon_13-1">10.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAnthon1850" class="citation book cs1">Anthon, Charles (1850). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=hm0rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14&dq=hesperia&q=hesperia"><i>A system of ancient and mediæval geography for the use of schools and college</i></a>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+system+of+ancient+and+medi%C3%A6val+geography+for+the+use+of+schools+and+college&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1850&rft.aulast=Anthon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dhm0rAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA14%26dq%3Dhesperia%26q%3Dhesperia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Abrabanel, <i>Commentary on the First Prophets</i> (<i>Pirush Al Nevi'im Rishonim</i>), katapusan ng 2 Mga Hari, pp. 680-681, Jerusalem 1955 (Hebreo). Tingnan din: Shelomo (binabaybay ding Sholomo, Solomon o Salomón) ibn Verga, <i>Shevet Yehudah</i>, pp. 6b-7a, Lemberg 1846 (Hebreo)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6256356.stm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'First west Europe tooth' found"</a>. BBC. 30 Hun 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27First+west+Europe+tooth%27+found&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F6256356.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Typical <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurignacian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurignacian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aurignacian</a> items were found in Cantabria (Morín, El Pendo, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_of_El_Castillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cave of El Castillo (hindi pa naisusulat)">El Castillo</a>), the Basque Country (Santimamiñe) and Catalonia. The radiocarbon datations give the following dates: 32,425 and 29,515 BP.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBernaldo_de_Quirós_GuidoltiCabrera_Valdés1994" class="citation journal cs1">Bernaldo de Quirós Guidolti, Federico; Cabrera Valdés, Victoria (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=164330&orden=1&info=link">"Cronología del arte paleolítico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Complutum</i>. <b>5</b>: 265–276. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1131-6993">1131-6993</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">17 Nob</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Complutum&rft.atitle=Cronolog%C3%ADa+del+arte+paleol%C3%ADtico&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=265-276&rft.date=1994&rft.issn=1131-6993&rft.aulast=Bernaldo+de+Quir%C3%B3s+Guidolti&rft.aufirst=Federico&rft.au=Cabrera+Vald%C3%A9s%2C+Victoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D164330%26orden%3D1%26info%3Dlink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hispania-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hispania_18-0">15.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hispania_18-1">15.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 1 Ancient Hispania"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+1+Ancient+Hispania&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-country-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-country_19-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-country_19-1">16.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRinehartSeeley1998" class="citation web cs1">Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+es0014)">"A Country Study: Spain – Hispania"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Spain+%E2%80%93+Hispania&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Jo+Ann+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bes0014%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFH._Patrick_Glenn2007" class="citation book cs1">H. Patrick Glenn (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.340.2.gle.22385"><i>Legal Traditions of the World</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nlsiu.340.2.gle.22385/page/218">218</a>–219. <q>Dhimma provides rights of residence in return for taxes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legal+Traditions+of+the+World&rft.pages=218-219&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.au=H.+Patrick+Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnlsiu.340.2.gle.22385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1984" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, Bernard (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewsofislam0000lewi"><i>The Jews of Islam</i></a>. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewsofislam0000lewi/page/62">62</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-691-00807-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-691-00807-3"><bdi>978-0-691-00807-3</bdi></a>. <q>Dhimmi have fewer legal and social rights than Muslims, but more rights than other non-Muslims.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Islam&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-691-00807-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewsofislam0000lewi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/ics/ics5.htm">Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. Chapter 5: Ethnic Relations</a>, Thomas F. Glick</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chap2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chap2_23-0">20.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chap2_23-1">20.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 2 Al-Andalus"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+2+Al-Andalus&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRinehartSeeley1998" class="citation web cs1">Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+es0016)">"A Country Study: Spain – Castile and Aragon"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Spain+%E2%80%93+Castile+and+Aragon&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Jo+Ann+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr%3Ffrd%2Fcstdy%3A%40field%28DOCID%2Bes0016%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/rc/rc1.htm">"Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ransoming+Captives+in+Crusader+Spain%3A+The+Order+of+Merced+on+the+Christian-Islamic+Frontier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Frc%2Frc1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> Tingnan din: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 4 Castile-León in the Era of the Great Reconquest"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+4+Castile-Le%C3%B3n+in+the+Era+of+the+Great+Reconquest&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 5 The Rise of Aragón-Catalonia"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+5+The+Rise+of+Arag%C3%B3n-Catalonia&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/a-b/blackdeath.html">"The Black Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080709074635/http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/a-b/blackdeath.html">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2008-07-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Black+Death&rft.pub=Channel+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel4.com%2Fhistory%2Fmicrosites%2FH%2Fhistory%2Fa-b%2Fblackdeath.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16200-spanish-inquisition-left-genetic-legacy-in-iberia.html">"Spanish Inquisition left genetic legacy in Iberia"</a>. Newscientist.com. 4 Dis 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">18 Ene</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Inquisition+left+genetic+legacy+in+Iberia&rft.pub=Newscientist.com&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn16200-spanish-inquisition-left-genetic-legacy-in-iberia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/treaty1492.html">"The Treaty of Granada, 1492"</a>. Islamic Civilisation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+of+Granada%2C+1492&rft.pub=Islamic+Civilisation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberistan.org%2Fislamic%2Ftreaty1492.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cong-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cong_31-0">27.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cong_31-1">27.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRinehartSeeley1998" class="citation web cs1">Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estoc.html">"A Country Study: Spain – The Golden Age"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Spain+%E2%80%93+The+Golden+Age&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Jo+Ann+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Festoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080629000351/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/Imperial.html">"Imperial Spain"</a>. University of Calgary. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/Imperial.html">orihinal</a> noong 2008-06-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Imperial+Spain&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Feurvoya%2FImperial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=Y84wAgaXxo4C&lpg=PA472&dq=unification%20of%20the%20crowns%20of%20Aragon%20and%20Castile&pg=PA472#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Handbook of European History</i></a>. Books.google.es. 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9004097600" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9004097600"><bdi>9004097600</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">26 Abr</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+European+History&rft.pub=Books.google.es&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9004097600&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DY84wAgaXxo4C%26lpg%3DPA472%26dq%3Dunification%2520of%2520the%2520crowns%2520of%2520Aragon%2520and%2520Castile%26pg%3DPA472%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 13 The Spanish Empire"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Agosto</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+13+The+Spanish+Empire&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Thomas_(writer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Thomas (writer) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Thomas, Hugh</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riversofgoldrise0000thom"><i>Rivers of gold: the rise of the Spanish Empire</i></a>. London: George Weidenfeld & Nicholson. pp. <i>passim</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-297-64563-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-297-64563-4"><bdi>978-0-297-64563-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rivers+of+gold%3A+the+rise+of+the+Spanish+Empire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%27%27passim%27%27&rft.pub=George+Weidenfeld+%26+Nicholson&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-297-64563-4&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friversofgoldrise0000thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ayon kay Robert Davis mula isa hanggang 1.25 milyong Europeo ang nabihag ng mga taga-<a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Aprika" title="Hilagang Aprika">Hilagang Aprikang</a> piratang Muslim at ipinagbili bilang mga alipin noong ika-16 at ika-17 dantaon.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm">"The Seventeenth-Century Decline"</a>. The Library of Iberian resources online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Seventeenth-Century+Decline&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+resources+online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fpayne15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1973" class="citation web cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm">"A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. 14 Spanish Society and Economics in the Imperial Age"</a>. The Library of Iberian Resources Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%3B+Ch.+14+Spanish+Society+and+Economics+in+the+Imperial+Age&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Iberian+Resources+Online&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne1%2Fspainport1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRinehartSeeley1998" class="citation web cs1">Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estoc.html">"A Country Study: Spain – Spain in Decline"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Spain+%E2%80%93+Spain+in+Decline&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Jo+Ann+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Festoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFRinehartSeeley1998" class="citation web cs1">Rinehart, Robert; Seeley, Jo Ann Browning (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/estoc.html">"A Country Study: Spain – Bourbon Spain"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Country+Study%3A+Spain+%E2%80%93+Bourbon+Spain&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rinehart&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Seeley%2C+Jo+Ann+Browning&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Festoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGascoigne1998" class="citation web cs1">Gascoigne, Bamber (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080222203852/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?HistoryID=ab50&ParagraphID=iss#iss">"History of Spain: Bourbon dynasty: from AD 1700"</a>. Library of Congress Country Series. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?HistoryID=ab50&ParagraphID=iss#iss">orihinal</a> noong 2008-02-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Spain%3A+Bourbon+dynasty%3A+from+AD+1700&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+Country+Series&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Gascoigne&rft.aufirst=Bamber&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyworld.net%2Fwrldhis%2FPlainTextHistories.asp%3FHistoryID%3Dab50%26ParagraphID%3Diss%23iss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPfanner,_Eric2002" class="citation news cs1">Pfanner, Eric (11 Hul 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-a10_18.html?scp=1&sq=Economy%20reaps%20benefits%20of%20entry%20to%20the%20%27club%27%20:%20Spain%27s%20euro%20bonanza&st=cse">"Economy reaps benefits of entry to the 'club' : Spain's euro bonanza"</a>. <i>International Herald Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Agosto</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Economy+reaps+benefits+of+entry+to+the+%27club%27+%3A+Spain%27s+euro+bonanza&rft.date=2002-07-11&rft.au=Pfanner%2C+Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F11%2Fbusiness%2Fworldbusiness%2F11iht-a10_18.html%3Fscp%3D1%26sq%3DEconomy%2520reaps%2520benefits%2520of%2520entry%2520to%2520the%2520%2527club%2527%2520%3A%2520Spain%2527s%2520euro%2520bonanza%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> Tingnan din: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=9118701">"Spain's economy / Plain sailing no longer"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 3 Mayo 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Spain%27s+economy+%2F+Plain+sailing+no+longer&rft.date=2007-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D9118701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3509426.stm">"Al-Qaeda 'claims Madrid bombings'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC. 14 Mar 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Al-Qaeda+%27claims+Madrid+bombings%27&rft.date=2004-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F3509426.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7070827.stm">"Madrid bombers get long sentences"</a>. BBC. 31 Okt 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Madrid+bombers+get+long+sentences&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F7070827.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090108230610/http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2FElcano_es%2FZonas_es%2FImagen+de+Espana%2FARI+132-2004">"Del 11-M al 14-M: estrategia yihadista, elecciones generales y opinión pública"</a>. Fundación Real Instituto Elcano. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano/contenido?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Elcano_es/Zonas_es/Imagen+de+Espana/ARI+132-2004">orihinal</a> noong 8 Enero 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">9 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Del+11-M+al+14-M%3A+estrategia+yihadista%2C+elecciones+generales+y+opini%C3%B3n+p%C3%BAblica&rft.pub=Fundaci%C3%B3n+Real+Instituto+Elcano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realinstitutoelcano.org%2Fwps%2Fportal%2Frielcano%2Fcontenido%3FWCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT%3D%2FElcano_es%2FZonas_es%2FImagen%2Bde%2BEspana%2FARI%2B132-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBailey" class="citation news cs1">Bailey, Dominic (14 Ma 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3509744.stm">"Spain votes under a shadow"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spain+votes+under+a+shadow&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F3509744.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check date values in: <code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_date" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBailey2004" class="citation news cs1">Bailey, Dominic (15 Mar 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3512222.stm">"Spain awakes to socialist reality"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Ago</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spain+awakes+to+socialist+reality&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F3512222.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conversi-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-conversi_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFConversi2002" class="citation web cs1">Conversi, Daniele (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511172945/http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/conversi/smooth.pdf">"The Smooth Transition: Spain's 1978 Constitution and the Nationalities Question"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Identities, Vol 4, No. 3</i>. Carfax Publishing, Inc. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/conversi/smooth.pdf">orihinal</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> noong 11 Mayo 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">28 Enero</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Identities%2C+Vol+4%2C+No.+3&rft.atitle=The+Smooth+Transition%3A+Spain%E2%80%99s+1978+Constitution+and+the+Nationalities+Question&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Conversi&rft.aufirst=Daniele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feasyweb.easynet.co.uk%2Fconversi%2Fsmooth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-preamble-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-preamble_48-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Preamble to the Constitution <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCortes_Generales1978" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (27 Disyembre 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117063355/http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/en/constitucion/Pages/ConstitucionIngles.aspx#i1">"Spanish Constitution"</a>. Tribunal Constitucional de España. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/en/constitucion/Pages/ConstitucionIngles.aspx#i1">orihinal</a> noong 17 Enero 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">28 Enero</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Constitution&rft.pub=Tribunal+Constitucional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=1978-12-27&rft.au=Cortes+Generales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunalconstitucional.es%2Fen%2Fconstitucion%2FPages%2FConstitucionIngles.aspx%23i1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-third-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-third_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Third article. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCortes_Generales1978" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cortes_Generales" title="Cortes Generales">Cortes Generales</a> (27 Disyembre 1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117063355/http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/en/constitucion/Pages/ConstitucionIngles.aspx#i1">"Spanish Constitution"</a>. Tribunal Constitucional de España. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/en/constitucion/Pages/ConstitucionIngles.aspx#i1">orihinal</a> noong 17 Enero 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">28 Enero</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spanish+Constitution&rft.pub=Tribunal+Constitucional+de+Espa%C3%B1a&rft.date=1978-12-27&rft.au=Cortes+Generales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribunalconstitucional.es%2Fen%2Fconstitucion%2FPages%2FConstitucionIngles.aspx%23i1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200518142604/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html">"CIA – The World Factbook – Spain"</a>. Cia.gov. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html">orihinal</a> noong 18 Mayo 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">30 Abril</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Spain&rft.pub=Cia.gov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fsp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116020349/http://www.jgpa.es/portal.do?TR=C&IDR=45">"Junta General del Principado de Asturias"</a>. Junta General del Principado de Asturias. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jgpa.es/portal.do?TR=C&IDR=45">orihinal</a> noong 16 Enero 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">13 Agosto</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Junta+General+del+Principado+de+Asturias&rft.pub=Junta+General+del+Principado+de+Asturias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jgpa.es%2Fportal.do%3FTR%3DC%26IDR%3D45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOE_juridicas-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LOE_juridicas_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/lo2-2006.html"><i>La Ley Orgánica 2/2006</i></a>. Retrieved 23 September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIS-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIS_53-0">49.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIS_53-1">49.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datos.cis.es/pdf/Es3021sd_A.pdf">"Barómetro Abril 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (sa wikang Kastila). Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (Centre for Sociological Research). Abril 2014. p. 26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Nakuha noong <span class="nowrap">6 Abril</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bar%C3%B3metro+Abril+2014&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Centro+de+Investigaciones+Sociol%C3%B3gicas+%28Centre+for+Sociological+Research%29&rft.date=2014-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatos.cis.es%2Fpdf%2FEs3021sd_A.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">|publisher=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#apostrophe_markup" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGates,_David2001" class="citation book cs1">Gates, David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7"><i>The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War</i></a>. Da Capo Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/spanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7/page/20">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-306-81083-1" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-306-81083-1"><bdi>978-0-306-81083-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Ulcer%3A+A+History+of+the+Peninsular+War&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-306-81083-1&rft.au=Gates%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fspanishulcerhist0000gate_o1o7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AEspanya" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_kawing_panlabas">Mga kawing panlabas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga kawing panlabas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>baguhin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Espanya&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Mga kawing panlabas"><span>baguhin ang wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961329">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1961807">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Espanya</b> mula sa mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" class="extiw" title="en:Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">kapatid na proyekto</span></a> ng Wikipedia</div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://tl.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Espanya" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Espanya">Mga kahulugan</a> mula sa Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://tl.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Spain" class="extiw" title="voy:Spain">Mga gabay-paglakbay</a> mula sa Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html">Espanya</a> lahok sa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_Factbook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World Factbook (hindi pa naisusulat)">The World Factbook</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/spain.htm">Espanya</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821113429/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/spain.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-08-21 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. mula sa <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/Spain/">Espanya</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Directory_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Directory Project (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proyektong Bukas na Direktoryo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17941641">Espanya</a> mula sa<a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=ES">Mga Pagtataya Hinggil sa Susing Pangkaunlaran ng Espanya</a> mula sa <i>International Futures</i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Pamahalaan</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.060.es/">060 e-government portal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501235524/http://www.060.es/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-05-01 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Mapa</dt></dl> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Espanya" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Espanya">Wikimedia Atlas ng Espanya</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/OpenStreetMapLogo.png/12px-OpenStreetMapLogo.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/OpenStreetMapLogo.png/18px-OpenStreetMapLogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/OpenStreetMapLogo.png/24px-OpenStreetMapLogo.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120" /></span></span> Mayroong datos pang-heograpiya ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenStreetMap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OpenStreetMap (hindi pa naisusulat)">OpenStreetMap</a> tungkol sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/1311341">Espanya</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Turismo</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spain.info/en/">Opisyal na kawing panturismo para sa Espanya</a></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1961329"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">May kaugnay na midya ang Wikimedia Commons tungkol sa artikulong:<br /><div style="margin: 5px 5%;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Spain" class="extiw" title="commons:Spain">Spain</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2023235">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1924931">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ang_Unyong_Europeo_(UE)_at_mga_kandidato_sa_pagpapalawak_nito" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:EU_countries_and_candidates" title="Padron:EU countries and candidates"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:EU_countries_and_candidates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:EU countries and candidates (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:EU_countries_and_candidates&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ang_Unyong_Europeo_(UE)_at_mga_kandidato_sa_pagpapalawak_nito" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ang <a href="/wiki/Unyong_Europeo" title="Unyong Europeo">Unyong Europeo</a> (UE) at mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paglawak_ng_Unyong_Europeo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paglawak ng Unyong Europeo (hindi pa naisusulat)">kandidato sa pagpapalawak nito</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Belhika" title="Belhika">Belhika</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya">Bulgarya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Dinamarka" title="Dinamarka">Dinamarka</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eslobakya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslobakya">Eslobakya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eslobenya" title="Eslobenya">Eslobenya</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (bansa)">Irlanda</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Latbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Latbiya">Latbiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Litwaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Litwaniya">Litwaniya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Nagkakaisang Kaharian</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Olanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Olanda">Olanda</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pinlandiya" title="Pinlandiya">Pinlandiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Polonya" title="Polonya">Polonya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Rumanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumanya">Rumanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Suwesya" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwesya">Suwesya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tsekya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsekya">Tsekya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre">Tsipre</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Unggarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Unggarya">Unggarya</a> </p><p><b>Mga bansang kandidato na nasa usapan sa paglawak:</b> <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Serbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbiya">Serbiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkiya" title="Turkiya">Turkiya</a> </p><p><b>Mga bansang kandidato:</b> <a href="/wiki/Republika_ng_Masedonya" class="mw-redirect" title="Republika ng Masedonya">Republika ng Masedonya</a> (kilala ng UE bilang "<i>Dating Republikang Yugoslav ng Masedonya</i>") </p><p><b>Mga bansang maaring maging bansang kandidato:</b> <a href="/wiki/Albanya" title="Albanya">Albanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_at_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia at Herzegovina">Bosnia at Herzegovina</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> </p> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Watawat ng Unyong Europeo"><img alt="Watawat ng Unyong Europeo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unyong_Latino" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Latinunion" title="Padron:Latinunion"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Latinunion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Latinunion (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Latinunion&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unyong_Latino" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unyong_Latino" title="Unyong Latino">Unyong Latino</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a> · <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> · <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> · <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%E2%80%99Ivoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d’Ivoire">Côte d’Ivoire</a> · <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dominikana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominikana">Dominikana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espanya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> · <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%AFti" class="mw-redirect" title="Haïti">Haïti</a> · <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mehiko" title="Mehiko">Mehiko</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> · <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> · <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pilipinas" title="Pilipinas">Pilipinas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">România</a> · <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> · <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_at_Pr%C3%ADncipe" class="mw-redirect" title="São Tomé at Príncipe">São Tomé at Príncipe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> · <a href="/wiki/Silangang_Timor" title="Silangang Timor">Silangang Timor</a> · <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungsod ng Vatican">Vatican</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2023235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1924931"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mga_bansa_sa_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1843287"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Europa" title="Padron:Europa"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/wiki/Usapang_padron:Europa" title="Usapang padron:Europa"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Europa&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mga_bansa_sa_Europa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Talaan_ng_mga_bansa" title="Talaan ng mga bansa">Mga bansa</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albanya" title="Albanya">Albanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alemanya" title="Alemanya">Alemánya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andora</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenya</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijan">Aserbayan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Belhika" title="Belhika">Belhika</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_at_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia at Herzegovina">Bosnia at Herzegovina</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bulgarya" title="Bulgarya">Bulgarya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Dinamarka" title="Dinamarka">Dinamarka</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Eslobakya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eslobenya" title="Eslobenya">Eslobenya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Estonya" title="Estonya">Estonya</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Espanya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (bansa)">Heyorhiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gresya" title="Gresya">Gresya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungary">Unggarya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(bansa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irlanda (bansa)">Irlanda</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Italya" title="Italya">Italya</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan">Kasakistan</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Kroasya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Latbiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Latbiya">Latbiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuania">Litwanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luksemburgo</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Lupangyelo</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hilagang_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilagang Macedonia">Hilagang Masedonya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldova">Moldabya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monako</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Noruwega" title="Noruwega">Noruwega</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Olanda</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Finland">Pinlandiya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland">Polonya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pransiya" title="Pransiya">Pransiya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Rumanya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Rusya" title="Rusya">Rusya</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Suwesya" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwesya">Suwesya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Suwisa" title="Suwisa">Suwisa</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey">Turkey</a><sup><small>1</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Republikang_Tseko" title="Republikang Tseko">Tsekya</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Tsipre" title="Tsipre">Tsipre</a><sup><small>2</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Reyno Unido</a></span><sup><small>3</small></sup> <b>·</b>  <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lungsod_ng_Vaticano" title="Lungsod ng Vaticano">Lungsod ng Batikano</a></span> </p><p><small> <sup>1</sup> Mayroong <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcontinental_country" class="extiw" title="en:Transcontinental country">bahagi ng teritoryo nito</a> na nasa labas ng Europa.  <sup>2</sup> Buong nasa <a href="/wiki/Kanlurang_Asya" title="Kanlurang Asya">Kanlurang Asya</a> ngunit mayroong ugnayang sosyo-politikal sa Europa.  <sup>3</sup> May mga <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" class="extiw" title="en:Dependent territory">umaasang</a> teritoryo sa labas ng Europa. </small> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espanya&oldid=2135491">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espanya&oldid=2135491</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Pahinang_may_Sister_project_links_na_may_nakatagong_wikidata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Pahinang may Sister project links na may nakatagong wikidata (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pahinang may Sister project links na may nakatagong wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Espanya" title="Kategorya:Espanya">Espanya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_bansa_sa_Europa" title="Kategorya:Mga bansa sa Europa">Mga bansa sa Europa</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Kastila_(es)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Kastila (es)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Kastila (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulo_na_may_wikang_Kastila_na_pinagmulan_(es)" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may wikang Kastila na pinagmulan (es)">Mga artikulo na may wikang Kastila na pinagmulan (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_dates" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: dates">CS1 errors: dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_invalid_parameter_value" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: invalid parameter value">CS1 errors: invalid parameter value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: archive-url">CS1 errors: archive-url</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_markup" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: markup">CS1 errors: markup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Kastila" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Kastila">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Kastila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_artikulong_naglalaman_ng_Latin" title="Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Latin">Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Latin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters" title="Kategorya:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters">Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Pahinang_may_Sister_project_links_na_may_default_na_paghahanap" title="Kategorya:Pahinang may Sister project links na may default na paghahanap">Pahinang may Sister project links na may default na paghahanap</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 00:50, 3 Nobyembre 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. Tingnan ang <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Takdang Gamit</a> para sa mga detalye.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Patakaran sa Pagkapribado</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pangkalahatang_pagtatanggi">Pagtatanggi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodigo ng Paggawi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Mga Developer</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tl.wikipedia.org">Estadistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Tungkol sa Cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Espanya&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Itsura sa mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-7df8cc9775-2mtdc","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.641","walltime":"1.923","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6502,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":202979,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13565,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":174591,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1660.464 1 -total"," 43.58% 723.672 1 Padron:Infobox_country"," 43.38% 720.329 2 Padron:Infobox"," 31.77% 527.535 1 Padron:Reflist"," 20.15% 334.571 32 Padron:Cite_web"," 13.50% 224.245 1 Padron:Native_name"," 8.17% 135.655 3 Padron:Navbox"," 7.44% 123.600 1 Padron:EU_countries_and_candidates"," 4.89% 81.216 1 Padron:Sister_project_links"," 4.07% 67.544 2 Padron:Convinfobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.928","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22189735,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-587f7d4878-vpdrb","timestamp":"20241120120933","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Espanya","url":"https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Espanya","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q29","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-20T14:46:58Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T00:50:35Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9a\/Flag_of_Spain.svg"}</script> </body> </html>