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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%B3%D9%86" title="كريستوف أمير هسن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كريستوف أمير هسن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B2fol_de_Hessen-Kassel" title="Cristòfol de Hessen-Kassel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristòfol de Hessen-Kassel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_von_Hessen" title="Christoph von Hessen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christoph von Hessen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%88%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Χριστόφορος της Έσσης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χριστόφορος της Έσσης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Hesse" title="Cristóbal de Hesse – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristóbal de Hesse" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_de_Hesse-Cassel" title="Christophe de Hesse-Cassel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christophe de Hesse-Cassel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristoforo_d%27Assia-Kassel" title="Cristoforo d'Assia-Kassel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristoforo d'Assia-Kassel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A3,_%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9A_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%9F" title="כריסטוף, נסיך הסן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כריסטוף, נסיך הסן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_van_Hessen" title="Christoffel van Hessen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christoffel van Hessen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3" title="クリストフ・フォン・ヘッセン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クリストフ・フォン・ヘッセン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_de_Hesse-Cassel" title="Cristóvão de Hesse-Cassel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristóvão de Hesse-Cassel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prin%C8%9Bul_Christoph_de_Hesse" title="Prințul Christoph de Hesse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prințul Christoph de Hesse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Кристоф Гессенский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кристоф Гессенский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_(Hessenin_prinssi)" title="Christoph (Hessenin prinssi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Christoph (Hessenin prinssi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph_av_Hessen-Kassel" title="Christoph av Hessen-Kassel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Christoph av Hessen-Kassel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Крістоф Гессенський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крістоф Гессенський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2314771#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German noble and officer (1901–1943)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Prince Christoph</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Hesse,_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Hesse%2C_1901.jpg/220px-Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Hesse%2C_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Crist%C3%B3bal_de_Hesse%2C_1901.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="261" data-file-height="306" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Christoph in 1921</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1901-05-14</span>)</span>14 May 1901<br /><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">7 October 1943<span style="display:none">(1943-10-07)</span> (aged 42)<br /><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark">Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="15 December 1930">1930</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_Hesse" title="Princess Christina of Hesse">Princess Christina</a><br />Princess Dorothea<br /><a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_of_Hesse" title="Prince Karl of Hesse">Prince Karl Adolf</a><br />Prince Rainer<br />Princess Clarissa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hessen-Kassel" class="mw-redirect" title="Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel">Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Charles_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse">Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Prussia" title="Princess Margaret of Prussia">Princess Margaret of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg/43px-Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg/65px-Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg/86px-Lw_Fahne_Fliegende_Einheiten_VR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a> in the Reserve</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Prince Christoph of Hesse</b> (Christoph Ernst August; 14 May 1901 – 7 October 1943) was a nephew of <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm II, German Emperor">Kaiser Wilhelm II</a>. He was an <a href="/wiki/SS-Oberf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberführer">SS-Oberführer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a> and an officer in the Luftwaffe Reserve, killed on active duty in a plane crash during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. His brother-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark</a>, fought on the British side and married the future <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth II">Queen Elizabeth II</a> after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth">Birth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Christoph_of_Hesse&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prince Christoph of Hesse was born in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, the fifth son of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Charles_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse">Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Prussia" title="Princess Margaret of Prussia">Princess Margaret of Prussia</a>. He was as a twin, with <a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard_of_Hesse" title="Prince Richard of Hesse">Prince Richard of Hesse</a>. His father, Frederick Charles, a scion of <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Hesse" title="Electorate of Hesse">the House of Hesse</a>, was elected <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Finland_(1918)" title="Kingdom of Finland (1918)">King of Finland</a> in 1918, when <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> declared its independence after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-finland_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finland-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the overwhelming <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republican</a> victories in the <a href="/wiki/1919_Finnish_parliamentary_election" title="1919 Finnish parliamentary election">1919 Finnish parliamentary election</a> effectively ended any ambitions for a Finnish monarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-finland_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finland-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Christoph's mother was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Emperor Frederick III</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria, Princess Royal</a>. Prince Christoph was thus a great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Albert_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christoph had several brothers, including <a href="/wiki/Philipp,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse">Prince Philipp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Wolfgang_of_Hesse" title="Prince Wolfgang of Hesse">Prince Wolfgang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalsandthereich_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalsandthereich-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His two eldest brothers, Friedrich Wilhelm and Maximilian, both died in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_and_death">Career and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Christoph_of_Hesse&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prince Christoph was a director in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a>'s Ministry of Air Forces, Commander of the Air Reserves, and held the rank of <i><a href="/wiki/Oberf%C3%BChrer" title="Oberführer">Oberführer</a></i> in the <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gotha_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His brother <a href="/wiki/Philipp,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse">Prince Philipp</a> joined Hitler's <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-royalsandthereich_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royalsandthereich-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not the only family members to embrace <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a>; their mother "Mossy" (a sister of Kaiser Wilhelm II) invited <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> to tea and flew the <a href="/wiki/Swastika" title="Swastika">swastika</a> from her home at Schloss Kronberg.<sup id="cite_ref-spectator_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spectator-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Vickers" title="Hugo Vickers">Hugo Vickers</a>, Prince Christoph became "disenchanted" with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> by the time of the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He told his mother: "The death of a certain dangerous and cruel man is the best news I had in a long time."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prince Christoph served in the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> Research Office<sup id="cite_ref-denisjudd_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denisjudd-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in 1942, he joined the staff of a fighter unit, <a href="/wiki/Jagdgeschwader_53" title="Jagdgeschwader 53">Jagdgeschwader 53</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was based primarily in Tunisia and Sicily, with missions to Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Invasion_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Invasion of Italy">Allied Invasion of Italy</a>, Christoph was recalled to Germany, but was killed during his return.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 October 1943, his plane, a <a href="/wiki/Siebel_Fh_104" class="mw-redirect" title="Siebel Fh 104">Siebel 104</a>, collided with a hill in the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennine Mountains</a> near <a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a>, Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His body and the body of his copilot were found two days later and were buried on the site.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Christoph_of_Hesse&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Christoph married his second cousin, once removed <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark">Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark</a> on 15 December 1930 in <a href="/wiki/Kronberg_im_Taunus" title="Kronberg im Taunus">Kronberg im Taunus</a>, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-gotha_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Princess Sophie was the youngest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark">Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Alice_of_Battenberg" title="Princess Alice of Battenberg">Princess Alice of Battenberg</a>, and the sister of the future <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vickers_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The couple had five children:<sup id="cite_ref-burke_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-burke-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ghda_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ghda-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Christina_of_Hesse" title="Princess Christina of Hesse">Princess <i>Christina</i> Margarethe of Hesse</a> (10 January 1933 – 22 November 2011), married <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Andrew of Yugoslavia">Prince Andrew of Yugoslavia</a> (1929–1990) on 2 August 1956 and divorced in London in 1962. They had two children and two granddaughters. She remarried Robert Floris van Eyck (1916–1991) on 3 December 1962 and had two further children and two granddaughters.</li> <li>Princess <i>Dorothea</i> Charlotte Karin of Hesse (24 July 1934) married Prince <i>Friedrich Karl</i> zu <a href="/wiki/Windisch-Gr%C3%A4tz" class="mw-redirect" title="Windisch-Grätz">Windisch-Grätz</a> (7 July 1917 – 29 May 2002) on 31 March 1959 and had two daughters, six grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_of_Hesse" title="Prince Karl of Hesse">Prince <i>Karl</i> Adolf Andreas of Hesse</a> (26 March 1937 – 23 March 2022) married Countess <i>Yvonne</i> Margit Valerie <a href="/wiki/Szap%C3%A1ry" title="Szapáry">Szapáry von Muraszombath, Széchysziget und Szapár</a> (born 4 April 1944 in Budapest) on 26 March 1966 and had two children.</li> <li>Prince <i>Rainer</i> Christoph Friedrich of Hesse (born 18 November 1939), unmarried and without issue.</li> <li>Princess <i>Clarissa</i> Alice of Hesse (born 6 February 1944) married Jean-Claude Derrien (born 12 March 1948) on 20 July 1971 and was divorced in 1976. She has a daughter.</li></ul> <p>Some years after Christoph's death, his widow married <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_William_of_Hanover" title="Prince George William of Hanover">Prince George William of Hanover</a>, a brother of <a href="/wiki/Frederica_of_Hanover" title="Frederica of Hanover">Queen Fredrica of Greece</a> and a grandson of Kaiser <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_II" title="Wilhelm II">Wilhelm II</a>. She would have a further three children. </p><p>Four years after Christoph's death, his widow's brother, <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Philip</a>, would marry the future queen <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a>. In due course, Christoph's children would be first cousins of <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>, king of the UK. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Christoph_of_Hesse&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Queen_Victoria" title="Descendants of Queen Victoria">Descendants of Queen Victoria</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Prince Christoph of Hesse<sup id="cite_ref-gotha_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gotha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince William of Hesse-Kassel">Prince William of Hesse-Kassel</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark">Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Charles_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse">Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Prussia" title="Prince Charles of Prussia">Prince Charles of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Prussia" title="Princess Anna of Prussia">Princess Anna of Prussia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach_(1808%E2%80%931877)" title="Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)">Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Prince Christoph of Hesse</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/William_I,_German_Emperor" title="William I, German Emperor">William I, German Emperor</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_German_Emperor" title="Frederick III, German Emperor">Frederick III, German Emperor</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_of_Prussia" title="Princess Margaret of Prussia">Princess Margaret of Prussia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Albert,_Prince_Consort" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, Prince Consort">Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Princess_Royal" title="Victoria, Princess Royal">Victoria, Princess Royal</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Victoria of the United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prince_Christoph_of_Hesse&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="philipeade" class="citation book cs1">Eade, Philip (2011). <i>Prince Philip: The Turbulent Early Life of the Man Who Married Queen Elizabeth II</i> (Kindle ed.). New York: Henry Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429961684" title="Special:BookSources/9781429961684"><bdi>9781429961684</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+Philip%3A+The+Turbulent+Early+Life+of+the+Man+Who+Married+Queen+Elizabeth+II&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781429961684&rft.aulast=Eade&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-finland-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finland_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-finland_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTillotson1993" class="citation book cs1">Tillotson, H.M. (June 1993). <i>Finland at Peace and War 1918-1993</i> (First ed.). Michael Russell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0859551960" title="Special:BookSources/978-0859551960"><bdi>978-0859551960</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finland+at+Peace+and+War+1918-1993&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Michael+Russell&rft.date=1993-06&rft.isbn=978-0859551960&rft.aulast=Tillotson&rft.aufirst=H.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoelterhoff" class="citation web cs1">Hoelterhoff, Manuela. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042927/https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601088&sid=accwj4EskF_8&refer=muse">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Royals and the Reich' Reveals Fateful History of Nazi Princes"</a>. <i>Bloomberg</i>. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=%27Royals+and+the+Reich%27+Reveals+Fateful+History+of+Nazi+Princes&rft.aulast=Hoelterhoff&rft.aufirst=Manuela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D20601088%26sid%3Daccwj4EskF_8%26refer%3Dmuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-royalsandthereich-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-royalsandthereich_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royalsandthereich_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetropoulos2008" class="citation book cs1">Petropoulos, Jonathan (2008). <i>Royals and the Reich</i> (First ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195339277" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195339277"><bdi>978-0195339277</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royals+and+the+Reich&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0195339277&rft.aulast=Petropoulos&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gotha-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gotha_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gotha_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gotha_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a href="/wiki/Almanach_de_Gotha" title="Almanach de Gotha">Almanach de Gotha</a></i>. Gotha, Germany: <a href="/wiki/Justus_Perthes" title="Justus Perthes">Justus Perthes</a>. 1944. pp. 61–62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Almanach+de+Gotha&rft.place=Gotha%2C+Germany&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Justus+Perthes&rft.date=1944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spectator-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spectator_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip" class="citation web cs1">Philip, Mansel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/2006/08/the-prince-and-the-fuhrer/">"The Prince and the F"</a>. <i>The Spectator (UK)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator+%28UK%29&rft.atitle=The+Prince+and+the+F&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Mansel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2006%2F08%2Fthe-prince-and-the-fuhrer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vickers-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vickers_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers2013" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Hugo (2013). <i>Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece</i> (Kindle ed.). St Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312288860" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312288860"><bdi>978-0312288860</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alice%3A+Princess+Andrew+of+Greece&rft.edition=Kindle&rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0312288860&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landgravine Margaret of Hesse-Kassel, June 1942. (Archives of Hessische Hausstiftung, Schloss <a href="/wiki/Fasanerie" title="Fasanerie">Fasanerie</a>, Eichenzell). Vickers, Hugo. <i>Alice: Princess Andrew of Greece</i>. St. Martin's Press. Kindle Edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denisjudd-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denisjudd_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudd1981" class="citation book cs1">Judd, Denis (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/princephilipbiog00judd"><i>Prince Philip: A Biography</i></a> (First American ed.). New York: Atheneum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-689-11131-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-689-11131-2"><bdi>0-689-11131-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prince+Philip%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+American&rft.pub=Atheneum&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-689-11131-2&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprincephilipbiog00judd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrince+Christoph+of+Hesse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-burke-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-burke_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh (editor). <i>Burke's Guide to the Royal Family</i>, Burke's Peerage, London, 1973, pp. 284-285 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-220-66222-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-220-66222-3">0-220-66222-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ghda-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ghda_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XVIIII. "Haus Hessen". C.A. Starke Verlag, 2007, pp. 34-35. (German). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7980-0841-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7980-0841-0">978-3-7980-0841-0</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Signals_intelligence_organisations_before_1945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_signal_intelligence_organisations_before_and_during_World_War_II" title="Template:German signal intelligence organisations before and during World War II"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:German_signal_intelligence_organisations_before_and_during_World_War_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:German signal intelligence organisations before and during World War II (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_signal_intelligence_organisations_before_and_during_World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German signal intelligence organisations before and during World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Signals_intelligence_organisations_before_1945" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">German <a href="/wiki/Signals_intelligence" title="Signals intelligence">Signals intelligence</a> organisations before 1945</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>The Type of organisation</li> <li>Name of organisation</li> <li>People</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Military <abbr title="A German military organisation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Cipher_Department_of_the_High_Command_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht High Command Cipher Bureau</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fellgiebel" title="Erich Fellgiebel">Erich Fellgiebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Praun" title="Albert Praun">Albert Praun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Kettler" title="Hugo Kettler">Hugo Kettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Fenner" title="Wilhelm Fenner">Wilhelm Fenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_H%C3%BCttenhain" title="Erich Hüttenhain">Erich Hüttenhain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Novopashenny" title="Peter Novopashenny">Peter Novopashenny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fricke" title="Walter Fricke">Walter Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Stein_(mathematician)" title="Karl Stein (mathematician)">Karl Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Franz_(mathematician)" title="Wolfgang Franz (mathematician)">Wolfgang Franz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisbert_Hasenjaeger" title="Gisbert Hasenjaeger">Gisbert Hasenjaeger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Scholz" title="Heinrich Scholz">Heinrich Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Liebknecht" title="Werner Liebknecht">Werner Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_K%C3%B6the" title="Gottfried Köthe">Gottfried Köthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Witt" title="Ernst Witt">Ernst Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Grunsky" title="Helmut Grunsky">Helmut Grunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Hamel" title="Georg Hamel">Georg Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Aumann" title="Georg Aumann">Georg Aumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Teichm%C3%BCller" title="Oswald Teichmüller">Oswald Teichmüller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Aigner" title="Alexander Aigner">Alexander Aigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Weber_(mathematician)" title="Werner Weber (mathematician)">Werner Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Leiberich" title="Otto Leiberich">Otto Leiberich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Buggisch" title="Otto Buggisch">Otto Buggisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Menzer" title="Fritz Menzer">Fritz Menzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_der_Nachrichtenaufkl%C3%A4rung" title="General der Nachrichtenaufklärung">General der Nachrichtenaufklärung</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fellgiebel" title="Erich Fellgiebel">Erich Fellgiebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Thiele" title="Fritz Thiele">Fritz Thiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Gimmler" title="Wilhelm Gimmler">Wilhelm Gimmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Kettler" title="Hugo Kettler">Hugo Kettler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Boetzel" title="Friedrich Boetzel">Fritz Boetzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Buggisch" title="Otto Buggisch">Otto Buggisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Menzer" title="Fritz Menzer">Fritz Menzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Denffer" title="Herbert von Denffer">Herbert von Denffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_F%C3%B6ppl" title="Ludwig Föppl">Ludwig Föppl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Schubert" title="Horst Schubert">Horst Schubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_B%C3%B6hm" title="Friedrich Böhm">Friedrich Böhm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_von_Freytag-L%C3%B6ringhoff" title="Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff">Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Marquart" title="Johannes Marquart">Johannes Marquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willi_Rinow" title="Willi Rinow">Willi Rinow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kochend%C3%B6rffer" title="Rudolf Kochendörffer">Rudolf Kochendörffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Pietsch_(mathematician)" title="Hans Pietsch (mathematician)">Hans Pietsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Hoheisel" title="Guido Hoheisel">Guido Hoheisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Peter_Luzius" title="Hans-Peter Luzius">Hans-Peter Luzius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Vauck" title="Wilhelm Vauck">Wilhelm Vauck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bailovic" title="Rudolf Bailovic">Rudolf Bailovic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kneschke" title="Alfred Kneschke">Alfred Kneschke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Luftnachrichten_Abteilung_350" title="Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350">Luftnachrichten Abteilung 350</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Martini" title="Wolfgang Martini">Wolfgang Martini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Voegele" title="Ferdinand Voegele">Ferdinand Voegele</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/B-Dienst" title="B-Dienst">B-Dienst</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Fricke" title="Kurt Fricke">Kurt Fricke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Stummel" title="Ludwig Stummel">Ludwig Stummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Bonatz" title="Heinz Bonatz">Heinz Bonatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Tranow" title="Wilhelm Tranow">Wilhelm Tranow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Maertens" title="Erhard Maertens">Erhard Maertens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Krauss" title="Fritz Krauss">Fritz Krauss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Abwehr" title="Abwehr">Abwehr</a></i> <abbr title="The Abwehr didn't have its own cryptanalyts instead relying on the four others agencies for intelligence.">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Canaris" title="Wilhelm Canaris">Wilhelm Canaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Civilian <abbr title="A German civilian operation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pers_Z_S" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pers_Z_S" title="Pers Z S">Pers Z S</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Selchow" title="Curt Selchow">Curt Selchow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Hauthal" title="Horst Hauthal">Horst Hauthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schauffler" title="Rudolf Schauffler">Rudolf Schauffler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Benzing" title="Johannes Benzing">Johannes Benzing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otfried_Deubner" title="Otfried Deubner">Otfried Deubner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Rohrbach" title="Hans Rohrbach">Hans Rohrbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmut_Grunsky" title="Helmut Grunsky">Helmut Grunsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_Pannwitz" title="Erika Pannwitz">Erika Pannwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Schr%C3%B6ter" title="Karl Schröter">Karl Schröter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Research_Office_of_the_Reich_Air_Ministry" title="Research Office of the Reich Air Ministry">Research Office of the Reich Air Ministry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Schapper" title="Gottfried Schapper">Gottfried Schapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schimpf" title="Hans Schimpf">Hans Schimpf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prince Christoph of Hesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Training <abbr title="Signal intelligence and cipher training organisations">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/General_der_Nachrichtenaufkl%C3%A4rung_Training_Referat" title="General der Nachrichtenaufklärung Training Referat">GdNA Training Referat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i> </i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Heer_and_Luftwaffe_Signals_School" title="Heer and Luftwaffe Signals School">Heer and Luftwaffe Signals School</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i> </i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/German_Radio_Intelligence_Operations_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II">German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Princes_and_Landgraves_of_Hesse" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princes_and_Landgraves_of_Hesse" title="Template:Princes and Landgraves of Hesse"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princes_and_Landgraves_of_Hesse" title="Template talk:Princes and Landgraves of Hesse"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princes_and_Landgraves_of_Hesse" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princes and Landgraves of Hesse"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princes_and_Landgraves_of_Hesse" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Hesse" title="House of Hesse">Princes and Landgraves of Hesse</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>none</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_I,_Elector_of_Hesse" title="William I, Elector of Hesse">William I, Elector of Hesse</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Charles</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Frederick</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_II,_Elector_of_Hesse" title="William II, Elector of Hesse">William II, Elector of Hesse</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederik_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederik of Hesse">Prince Frederik</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Christian_of_Hesse" title="Prince Christian of Hesse">Prince Christian</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince William of Hesse-Kassel">Prince William</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Hesse" title="Frederick William, Elector of Hesse">Frederick William I, Elector of Hesse</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_William_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel">Frederick William II, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Frederick William III, Landgrave of Hesse">Frederick William III, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Frederick,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse">Alexander Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Frederick_Charles_of_Hesse" title="Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse">Frederick Charles, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philipp,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse">Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Wolfgang_of_Hesse" title="Prince Wolfgang of Hesse">Prince Wolfgang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prince Christoph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Richard_of_Hesse" title="Prince Richard of Hesse">Prince Richard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moritz,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse">Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Heinrich_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Prince Heinrich of Hesse-Kassel">Prince Heinrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Karl_of_Hesse" title="Prince Karl of Hesse">Prince Karl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donatus,_Landgrave_of_Hesse" title="Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse">Donatus, Landgrave of Hesse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><sup>1</sup> Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel until 1803</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2314771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2314771#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118767785">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/60014012">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1582898/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCVGFDRbPdQxVgJVVQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124345948">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003083464">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15112093j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15112093j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4618595">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p308015401">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007300292205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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