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tabindex="-1"> <a data-post-id="26031" href="/fungal/about/index.html" tabindex="0"> About </a> <a data-post-id="26034" href="/fungal/risk-factors/index.html" tabindex="0"> Risk Factors </a> <a data-post-id="27462" href="/fungal/treatment/index.html" tabindex="0"> Treatment </a> <a data-post-id="26072" href="/fungal/health-equity/index.html" tabindex="0"> Health Equity </a> <a data-post-id="26252" href="/fungal/data-research/index.html" tabindex="0"> Whole Genome Sequencing with FungiNet </a> <a data-post-id="26246" href="/fungal/data-research/facts-stats/index.html" tabindex="0"> Fungal Diseases Statistics </a> <a data-post-id="26074" href="/fungal/communication-resources/index.html" tabindex="0"> Communication and Educational Materials </a> <a data-post-id="26531" href="/fungal/fungal-disease-awareness-week/index.html" tabindex="0"> Fungal Disease Awareness Week </a> <a class="view-all" href="/fungal/site.html"> View All </a> </div> </div> </header> <main class="container cdc-main" role="main" aria-label="Main Content Area"> <section class="cdc-page-title-bar cdc-page-offset noindex"> <time class="cdc-page-title-bar__item cdc-page-title-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-05-08 04:00:00"> May 8, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="cdc-page-title cdc-page-offset syndicate"> <h1>About Fungal Diseases</h1> </div> <div id="content" class="cdc-page-content cdc-page-offset syndicate container"> <div class="cdc-dfe-body "> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__top "> <div class="dfe-section dfe-section--page-summary summary-list" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_page_summary"> <div class="dfe-section__header"> <h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-swn6zqauxe">Key points</h2> </div> <div class="dfe-section__content"> <ul class="nested-list"> <li class="level-1">Common fungal diseases are ringworm, nail infections, and vaginal yeast infections.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Some fungi in the environment cause pneumonias.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Hospitalized patients can get severe, often deadly, fungal diseases like <em>Candida auris</em> infections and candidemia.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Fungal diseases are often misdiagnosed which can delay appropriate antifungal treatment.<ul> </ul> </li> <li class="level-1">Increasing antimicrobial resistance limits treatment options.<ul> </ul> </li> </ul> <div class="dfe-section__nav hide" id="dfe-section__nav"> <div class="dfe-section__nav__header" id="dfe-section__nav__header"> </div> <div class="dfe-section__nav-links" id="dfe-section__nav-links"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dfe-section__image" id="page-summary-image"> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/fungal/media/images/2024/04/347136_20_AwarenessWeekComposite.png" alt="composite of 4 separate illustrations in squares with a circle in the center with microscopic fungi. The first square in the upper left is a patient in the hospital on IVs and a doctor, the second image in the top right is a collection of healthcare providers and scientists looking at microscopic fungi, holding medications, and examining patients. The bottom left shows a girl breathing in fungal spores in an outdoor environment. The bottom right shows the globe with fungal spores around it and arrows showing movement across the globe." title="."></div></figure> </div> <div id="nav-buttons"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__center "> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_overview"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_overview-overview" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-n6ewxubxxo%22>Overview</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-n6ewxubxxo">Overview</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-n6ewxubxxo">Overview</h2> <p>There are nearly 1-5 million species of fungi but only a few hundred can make people sick. Fungal infections range from mild to life-threatening. People with weakened immune systems (from illness, age, or medical treatments like steroids) are at higher <a href="/fungal/risk-factors/index.html" class="">risk for most fungal infections</a>.</p> <p>Worldwide, more than one billion people get a fungal infection each year.</p> <div class="dfe-block dfe-callout dfe-callout--standard"><div class="dfe-callout__icon" aria-hidden="true" role="img"></div> <h3><strong>Subscribe to the Fungal Diseases Newsletter</strong>&lrm;</h3> <div class="dfe-callout__body"><div class="callout-desc">Click here to <a href="https://tools.cdc.gov/campaignproxyservice/subscriptions.aspx?topic_id=USCDC_2199">sign up for the Fungal Diseases Newsletter</a> and stay up to date on new resources, webinars and events, publications, training opportunities and more from CDC and partners!</div> </div></div> <p>See more about the <a href="/fungal/media/pdfs/fungal-factsheet-508c.pdf" class="" target="_blank">spread of fungal diseases and future directions<span aria-label=" pdf icon" role="img" class="sr-only"></span><span class="cdc-link-icon cdc-link-icon--pdf" aria-hidden="true"></span></a>. </p> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_types"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_types-types" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-t8d38rhpta%22>Types</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-t8d38rhpta">Types</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-t8d38rhpta">Types</h2> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__small"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/fungal/media/images/2024/04/347136_5_Examining-1.png" alt="doctor examining rash on patient's skin" title="Fungal Skin Infection Exam"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-26821-66d21a7a9006f">Ringworm is a common fungal skin infection that spreads easily.</figcaption></div></figure> <h3 id="heading-7d5wu0mkxi">Common infections</h3> <p> Two common fungal infections are <a href="/ringworm/about/index.html" class="">ringworm</a> and <a href="/candidiasis/about/index.html">vaginal yeast infections</a>. </p> <p>Ringworm typically causes a ring-like rash and spreads easily between people and from pets to people. The same fungi that cause ringworm can cause jock itch, athlete's foot, and nail infections.</p> <p>Most women get a vaginal yeast infection at least once in their lives. Vaginal yeast infections are caused by overgrowth of a yeast called <em>Candida </em>in the vagina. Everyone has <em>Candida</em> in and on their body; it only causes symptoms when it grows out of control.</p> <h3 id="heading-go6um6qp4l">Environmental (community-acquired) pneumonias</h3> <p>Other types of fungal infections spread in the environment and<a href="/fungal/cap/index.html"> can cause pneumonia</a>. Three of these infections, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) spread in different parts of the United States. </p> <p>Infections are caused by breathing in fungal spores from soil or dust. Many people breathe in the spores without ever getting sick but some people develop severe illness. </p> <h3 id="heading-2z8zqlhjlw">Emerging zoonosis</h3> <p>Another type of fungi called <em>Sporothrix</em> causes <a href="/sporotrichosis/about/index.html" class="">sporotrichosis</a>, which is typically a skin infection. People can get infected through scrapes from shrubs or plant matter with <em>Sporothrix</em>.</p> <p> In Brazil and parts of Latin America <em>Sporothrix</em> <em>brasiliensis</em>, a subtype of <em>Sporothrix</em>, is spreading. <em>S. brasiliensis </em> is an emerging concern because it spreads between cats and people and can cause more severe infections. This type of sporotrichosis is not currently spreading in the United States. </p> <h3 id="heading-p3_uhokzel">Mold infections</h3> <p>Molds are a type of fungus that can live in indoor or outdoor environments. Two of the most common mold infections are <a href="/mucormycosis/about/index.html" class="">mucormycosis</a> and <a href="/aspergillosis/about/index.html">aspergillosis.</a> </p> <p>These molds are everywhere and typically do not cause illness. However, people with weakened immune systems can get infected. There are different types of mucormycosis and aspergillosis, but lung infections are the most common. </p> <h3 id="heading-fzrck5ql4c">Healthcare-associated infections</h3> <p>Serious fungal infections can occur in healthcare settings like hospitals and long-term care facilities. Many patients already have weakened immune systems due to illness or injury, recent surgery, or medications like corticosteroids. </p> <p>Patients may have invasive medical devices (like catheters and ventilators) or undergo surgeries. Both create opportunities for disease-causing fungi to get into the bloodstream, organs, or tissues. </p> <p>Molds like mucormycoses and aspergillus can cause <a href="/fungal/php/guidance-investigating-outbreaks/mold-healthcare.html" class="">outbreaks in healthcare facilities</a>. Healthcare-associated fungal diseases like <a href="/candidiasis/data-research/facts-stats/index.html" class="ce-selection">candidemia</a>,<a href="/candida-auris/index.html"> <em>Candida auris</em></a> infections<em></em>, are among the most severe.</p> <h3 id="heading-jobpvzetos">HIV/AIDS-associated infections</h3> <p>Some fungal infections are much more common among people living with HIV/AIDS (particularly those with CD4 counts below 200).</p> <p>Two well-known fungal infections associated with HIV/AIDS in the United States are <a href="/candidiasis/about/index.html" class="">oral candidiasis</a> (thrush) and <a href="/pneumocystis-pneumonia/about/index.html" class=""><em>Pneumocystis</em> pneumonia</a>. Worldwide, <a href="/cryptococcosis/about/index.html" class="">cryptococcal meningitis</a> and <a href="/histoplasmosis/about/index.html" class="">histoplasmosis</a> are major causes of illness in people living with HIV.</p> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__small"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-1-1 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/fungal/media/images/2024/04/347136_06_PeopleAtRisk-03.png" alt="healthcare providers with varioius patients" title="People at Risk"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-26822-66d21a7a90561">Some medical conditions increase risk for fungal diseases.</figcaption></div></figure> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_testing_screening"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_testing_screening-testing" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-z1w8dfyztf%22>Testing</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-z1w8dfyztf">Testing</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-z1w8dfyztf">Testing</h2> <p>Many fungal infections can appear similar to more common diseases caused by bacteria or viruses. Misdiagnoses or delayed diagnoses and treatment are common and can cause high costs, severe illness, and death. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider if you think you or a loved one has a fungal infection.</p> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__small"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9"><img src="/fungal/media/images/347136_1_ThinkFungus-HOIZONTAL-1.png" alt="doctor speaking to a patient sitting on an exam table" title="Think Fungus"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-26497-66d21a7a909a4">Fungal infections are often misdiagnosed. Talk to your doctor.</figcaption></div></figure> </div> <div class="dfe-section" data-section="cdc_disease_basics_treatment"> <a class="onThisPageAnchor" id="cdc_disease_basics_treatment-treatment-and-recovery" name="<h2%20class=%22editor-block--title%22%20id=%22heading-ksuhhodz0j%22>Treatment%20and%20recovery</h2>" title='<h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-ksuhhodz0j">Treatment and recovery</h2>'></a><h2 class="editor-block--title" id="heading-ksuhhodz0j">Treatment and recovery</h2> <p>Fungal diseases are treated with antifungal medicines which can be oral, intravenous, or in the form of creams or ointments. There are only a few types of antifungal medicines. Antibiotics cannot treat fungal infections and can even increase the risk of fungal infections.</p> <h3 id="heading-busnngs0vg">Antimicrobial resistance</h3> <p>Increasingly, fungi are becoming <a href="/fungal/antimicrobial-resistant-fungi/index.html" class="">resistant to one or more antifungals</a>. Antifungal resistance is when fungi develop the ability to defeat the antifungal designed to kill them. To help keep medications working, only take them exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider.</p> <figure class="dfe-image dfe-image__large"><div class="image-container calculated-ratio-16-9 aspect-ratio-16-9 stretch"><img src="/fungal/media/images/2024/04/347136_4_PathYeastResistance-1.png" alt="A graphic illustration of doctors and laboratory professionals with medical and laboratory equipment and treatments surrounded by magnified illustrations of fungal pathogens." title="Healthcare providers and Scientists"></div> <div class="dfe-image-caption-container"><figcaption class="dfe-image-caption" id="caption-26715-66d21a7a90e3a">Doctors and laboratorians are learning more about fungal diseases.</figcaption></div></figure> </div> </div> <div class="cdc-dfe-body__right page-right-rail"> <aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary"> <div class="on-this-page " data-sid=""> <h2 class="on-this-page__heading"> On This Page </h2> <div class="card-body"> <ul> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_overview-overview">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_types-types">Types</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_testing_screening-testing">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="#cdc_disease_basics_treatment-treatment-and-recovery">Treatment and recovery</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </aside> <aside class="page-right-rail__dynamic noindex" role="complementary"> <div data-related-nav></div> </aside> </div> </div> <div data-journey-next></div> <section class="container page-mobile-bar"> <time class="page-mobile-bar__item page-mobile-bar__item--date" datetime="2024-05-08 00:00:00"> May 8, 2024 </time> </section> <div class="page-content-sources noindex"> <div class="page-content-sources__header"> <a data-action="summary" class="collapsed" href="#content-sources" role="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="content-sources" data-cs-toggle="">Sources</a> <a data-action="print" href="#print" class="d-none d-md-block" aria-label="print this page" onclick="window.print()">Print</a> <a data-action="share" href="#share" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="share this page" aria-expanded="false">Share</a> <div class="dropdown-menu page-share-bar" data-popper-placement="bottom-start"> <a href="#" class="page-share-facebook"><span class="cdc-icon-facebook"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-linkedin"><span class="cdc-icon-linkedin"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-twitter"><span class="cdc-icon-twitter"></span></a> <a href="#" class="page-share-syndication"><span class="cdc-icon-rss"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="page-share-container"> <div class="page-share-popup" id="page-share-popup" role="dialog"> <a target="_blank" title="Share to Facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-facebook metrics-share-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov"> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> <span class="cdc-icon-facebook-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Share to LinkedIn" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-linkedin metrics-share-linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov&title=Living%20with%20High%20Blood%20Pressure"> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> <span class="cdc-icon-linkedin-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Share to Twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-twitter metrics-share-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov&text=Living%20with%20High%20Blood%20Pressure"> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> <span class="cdc-icon-twitter-inverse"></span> </a> <a target="_blank" title="Embed this Page" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="page-share-syndication metrics-share-syndicate" href="https://tools.cdc.gov/medialibrary/index.aspx#/sharecontent/https://https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/about/index.html"> <span class="sr-only">Syndicate</span> <span class="fi cdc-icon-syndication-round"></span> </a> </div> </div> <div id="content-sources" class="page-content-sources__body accordion-collapse collapse"> <div class="callout callout-content-source" role="status"> <div class="callout-heading">Content Source:</div> <a class="cdc-block-link" href="/ncezid/index.html">National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID)</a> </div> </div> </div> <section class="container related-pages related-pages__mobile"> <div data-related-nav-mobile></div> </section> </div> </main> <section class="site-footer container noindex"> <div class="row cdc-footer__inner"> <div class="col-lg-3 site-footer__heading"> <h2> <a href="/fungal/index.html"> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-solid cdc-fa-house"></i> <span class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Fungal Diseases"> <a href="/fungal/index.html"> Fungal Diseases </a> <i class="cdc-icon cdc-fa-light cdc-fa-angle-right"></i> </span> </a> </h2> <p>Fungal diseases are increasing worldwide and more are becoming resistant to antifungal medications. 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