CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913637183bec5037',cH: '6yURCQWef_g5DRsjoDCI4xOiJQDuWKpaRBIBH79CRGU-1739799898-1.2.1.1-YvL6MNzD3MhXn9kBF3SU9PCIAkM0a_7nFI4pr7s7.iG9erAWw12lN5Wy6j5q4z3r',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=femicide&__cf_chl_tk=m92kaL1q_Ke5ohqlqVs.ejBI6wv9YlLOGMEBWUE1BDU-1739799898-1.0.1.1-RM3Dv2LE..rS_d6xFU1dB_hegaF77e29hJgnJZXMs4E",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739799898',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=femicide&__cf_chl_f_tk=m92kaL1q_Ke5ohqlqVs.ejBI6wv9YlLOGMEBWUE1BDU-1739799898-1.0.1.1-RM3Dv2LE..rS_d6xFU1dB_hegaF77e29hJgnJZXMs4E",md: "3QUj00mqrm4wCrn8tmHeGpbelCJENJv1roJB3xa1clE-1739799898-1.2.1.1-JOPz7AYBU95WPvKrzvhry9gBUmvj3ElHs2hE6fY6evIDBKn13v.bfmcjCoQArmeJNEQrgil_8i78Hg3CDo.81A8hX1qeRvJQfJD.9q.I2Pni6hz4pju9JZDx4Ju1QvxsmCC6tMbaJNN1lm3xRZ3reHe4Y9aTx2MVJhdlvBuKS7kCQA5GCwoP.z7wtp6t9tDNSiA_7XRPh6LA38mmmq7T0prGS5DnYPrqE87LY7cs94wPwFs1sprNCrDrHIvorAfHhc5OR3QBXVQUNeW79grskUptE_G0AyDS1dFd7Xgo_kEaNp0InBvpast32sv12GN2SUC7dTZcbbNOBbmNhGWi6gSFFF0jlkaPwWTNXgB0w..NmCr0jVCSSQL4OiB4FwQn4xeaGvHS7CL3w1eQj_PaSEffbnAJOP2XbTCSuiPEvSoMYoeQql2o7aYahEfjtrsbWMTSP7..eWImArhRbZdPEnsNnahdYS.f7qxAm6HV2Uv8aXBj97UWRB5U9Dkna_SPaEqLfunp3yVhFacKYMYdAsDaa_k5LtQ6YXO6XKB2zgubQ3_M2YtHpOFecDDGhYobkEKJvyKNptBIg4VKGK1jyZaQhRxqKVU998ld5SKO259riOzFbk9DFZRm8zNp7.x2v5yZ9.ZcHansPmsiTN0gWeSUF36yS_Uu_LyNqL0ke2WtG8XOz3cQwRL6IDxPL_gnYBeFTu3eUWus.5x5vjeTPase6yidw_NPUXqgjSAad6gJaECt6SbQKKgJFT4VKckgI8AEMilia60_9qYAXyllMoxegtLtuoBb4ce7fsQGG5HjYyGtuIvIavE0v9rWDiQNRq6ofzR1XMMK4iyZ50WikfRLM0Frt97cZ6kp9MFl1aZ848Imxose5yZnVKBGiQNG2GlEdJQ4Tff0QYhPPkARjQ_dYsJ9wJm9SVI_.Mab5zepGRLljGvvFudpouRyDNFNex2GC64O15zbLI_SGj5VLbBMdssRFJZrx12vMkVyT_QC1zcg.U8Bc37eVx56h3GKT9Hz96v4jNz7vl.U.sF8_MdennkzrCy8jivzJPhO3Yi9TyMdC3YyKT5oThbsZ7QdLQDC_4QlWp.FkyJbv_C6FT25O21p5fHIfO4VESRzZn3P6ArFvysQShbaoTh_YEtSQOLYcon1G.bTUuL3gJV5EIV_B6Cdm43pMWeSL_cJtBZ5QBu2gd3fq1YNY._25BJ4YKMrp.mbj5.xIY5mRe8.yv6BjBzOkp4ScsQ6853pqpzCGSLJDbFu2lXcbYWvC2Ugc6bTlThusB8GuNr2Gydq7_UGwQNYWkVQWjKLNoAcSJwPzv0DQmzIEDI1rIO8vin5ZAuQhT6IBw3WlAWWpC8KIwZ4bSBJIFzR8BWWpAobYwhCLBmmwt.emtW6IC4SNXQbGtoMp5k9RvAbnPxyQw1ThdlNaUOLghJjQXajrsLRd_.vX8xROXezmQ_JuI.ETfzdKXt0KKrfxfyqqQ1ixBuQ9V9W7Oy.Q0XMO4t4kZmEzyi.6G2XxQ.CrLCmcjUwI5gSYH.9d7AfH8_MmeTYYig.wgM5SFociGWIU6kUNcLFbXSnU4yXtQsKaASZRk4.EjP5JZ8OWZ3xHghDq8y.YjORgVkEnVUJ2_cHhESZzBG7tBz560HGY0iyR.ekcMIznAuc1GyqtdPSy0ekk1uUYiHMIrJFGF2an1cSyBRh4TdgxSYjzStMA1RQA1zJ60xH87DHBcnOVFJagSKcJWepnpsxYhy13pihl2jbECs7zM4fUFa9poqXkenq6aO1713S6E5Ne2jgcCwRTvOqeObxfw6uwllQdyWJYoyS.ZK8XaPB1bmS8OdO8BmZDFN8Fvwr_0ULSAKwboi7xlqMqZlkWef6UM7d4t1Kz27UJmZSrr.HeRIo.ijKlI5Lqcum9XpmfJ2GWGiSk8BDPVhSw2inYh_gQg",mdrd: "qjGuL0ZeFOVGXQWqQhtP_UuOCByCyKqQVTz2DgDY53U-1739799898-1.2.1.1-JVgm_ezdkm4kQgcMjMrK11ebBQH7ITGK1VTQB9r.SkWEcShl_eE2WtsQ2VpAeP6TdAC.WEdYusExdDjEiLHtKOq4lUK3zpitZuGp0ga3XHVsCyuC4iu8JKSKPA7YcC_fkzBphDr2aC75cjf4bmIMeDK49Ifs0ptFkxH7GBAfTT0nCtDGZ0EiEpRiIHcLTU.mKNSL3YT1NN8gQBp0Igj7e.ndudrVlAg0spiwqnF_UDI3WcKk7LCnwemYOH3pp4wKgfHCcaTURGHPnDIRQhARvXsI0uU0ZocwVRjndSyPVJeUhv84NqwpmVPWnRSEVctHybWTrzC44a.SMQjLQ0OczCX35.MjQPEEswEwMQMqA0sb3xb3tr4zUFFrL9P5A9qkEdknNmSji0mgVlitEOuiT0TLjkluw6P0O0sfyxzq0n5nHRWNtuftm2pCLWHs7KaK7v3f8cX3LLmvfNQmP5psNwBilH109PKwV0jspkRC_JrjZ1AZwgo0WqU7hGDBKXmHv5ilRXQ5sjm07YkB0HzTlitCDak35bMA3CmT9Qmf39OcYYXxPrp94R96ABPQljnP6BeL1buQunX_smuNhgCB9pH4ZhICftWtsWAkkM0HEcnpDWLR1wQSrOxumIeqTXCsN7qN.umR6qLGQkniApYjZf795hAQFMCPxdQdaNroEjR2RFWy6waDDHmIa6scA5D8yMcyCElqaviHl4TrkL5zgdAvnnO_pV9bvbYUBewyVCdIBD29KddZp3j1cpJ1yc0OU1HjrYcPeSmVga_rJQfZoAErJVE7oaFAFmm7SFQnDwhOvEF2f7ojVY9_Aj3jxKDTaotlIX1iQj4ZbbvwGnhzoW.OH00a0NVkmFNinAOsDdZkT2ZHwLsaJQOkf._GGQ0hjwwTozBK1iNz9OdKgZrI4YpGry5NK0msOWo5kL9oXfiuDyn.jy7UAOOPGLQRzqXqai.KcCaYrULTGoFF1GYocHmoAR.t6WwjnPlRrGpuLGlkuAywEphPf.Gt1dUYZY6afxOuh3P0Yj7CfTg_NyJWj_KzxEctZiHHmWwu66lla6ScKl3aikX_emNeqP0t5.xj805olUZShXU6i54kdajMsyBeESTcn53nKI95iGkSA_RMLTKGcCg6bL3savyvzCPMBiD03I3.FDAXoVx3DkrEFPT9fCpbG0uOyB1QYrroJKWxPgsywq6YQ.KUzWfH9nUYyhPBcrHpMoaQILld4BKX_2OVWBP85EuZv4D5kocuhqq7YpnNSFqCxzj_NEJ8s4APayFmKSkh6jd1Cedxm1h6eLd0LgADOzvWxUQCHnJU1uXlt4rbe4cX2g0_.IDQfGPg7C4eULJO0qc0viPMWv_Az7KELs1aEoQgxN1yZFesYYPiRiPNxOQ_bE8YnKZBxTyu.oV2YMPSTnwe3d1uHyRNozqSNpxdUBHbbtUMIJAuganV6jGLHslf.QpN6KntJBp9lSWX5TzbF1dbtZ79aGMwp_xea7sQADi2sWDUmC_5qwhV0b3VmXOZBJvakjU9JCe2fE7qV5w8yeLRLyfSBfIy_M0Qg4IFWCN7LSd736wP_2_eDQ90VAk.XajdBd5MtGcPvKzXlLDI4Jg2OdZ17AOI1mCKFxyt4PcydWwHqq_lr8.p06.D7ZVakpS6lfMu3IetayZJ8PjsGnR3Emmj3k3kgypjZWYqU679H2.HFXXEEAyhFDsRG6CWSZTeDi11zXF.pFy_wfgz.xOdFygfqh93cZDRHUQ3Y12oGxkaD3c7L0hgC67DFT2jbYslOES8Xjj277CmKWnxZ_PNFc32YA6flSA8aYCKzrxv8gzVuHWgVzf9VY28XIhVlaQqIoV2i4FHwtEpuoGsJ_ld1X3ZjEpHI9Wp5oMHJTB0g81VARF6xtXjy2fe29MdVGJM8zrFddlxMqpmsehdHzaNWGWHG2ajh1qlx1s3_03tOBsN9jV1x8FZEdKkrvkYDEfGaeWwSgUcdF_KzGsu6_R_UnTkWOURLg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913637183bec5037';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=femicide&__cf_chl_rt_tk=m92kaL1q_Ke5ohqlqVs.ejBI6wv9YlLOGMEBWUE1BDU-1739799898-1.0.1.1-RM3Dv2LE..rS_d6xFU1dB_hegaF77e29hJgnJZXMs4E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>