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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Paavstiks_saamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paavstiks_saamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Paavstiks saamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paavstiks_saamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_Saksa-Rooma_keisriga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_Saksa-Rooma_keisriga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Suhted Saksa-Rooma keisriga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_Saksa-Rooma_keisriga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_Prantsusmaaga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_Prantsusmaaga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Suhted Prantsusmaaga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_Prantsusmaaga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_Kiievi-Vene_riigiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_Kiievi-Vene_riigiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Suhted Kiievi-Vene riigiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_Kiievi-Vene_riigiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_Ungariga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_Ungariga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Suhted Ungariga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_Ungariga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Üleskutse_Jeruusalemma_vabastamiseks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Üleskutse_Jeruusalemma_vabastamiseks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Üleskutse Jeruusalemma vabastamiseks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Üleskutse_Jeruusalemma_vabastamiseks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sisepoliitika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sisepoliitika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sisepoliitika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sisepoliitika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_gallikaani_piiskoppidega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_gallikaani_piiskoppidega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Suhted gallikaani piiskoppidega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_gallikaani_piiskoppidega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suhted_Saksa_piiskoppidega" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suhted_Saksa_piiskoppidega"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Suhted Saksa piiskoppidega</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suhted_Saksa_piiskoppidega-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgilised_otsused" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgilised_otsused"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Liturgilised otsused</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgilised_otsused-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Misjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Munklus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Munklus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Munklus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Munklus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vojtěchi_kanoniseerimine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vojtěchi_kanoniseerimine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Vojtěchi kanoniseerimine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vojtěchi_kanoniseerimine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moraal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moraal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Moraal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moraal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uued_kardinalid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uued_kardinalid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Uued kardinalid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uued_kardinalid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silvester_II_kultuuriloos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silvester_II_kultuuriloos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Silvester II kultuuriloos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silvester_II_kultuuriloos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teosed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teosed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Teosed</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teosed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teoloogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teoloogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Teoloogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teoloogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Surm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allikad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allikad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Allikad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allikad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Välislingid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Välislingid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>Välislingid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Välislingid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Silvester II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 75 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_Silvester_II" title="Pous Silvester II – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pous Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II." title="Silvester II. – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="سلفستر الثاني – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلفستر الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Silvestr" title="II Silvestr – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Silvestr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Silvester_II" title="Paus Silvester II – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paus Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Silvester_II" title="Paus Silvester II – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paus Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-h%C3%B4ng_Silvester_2-s%C3%A8" title="Kàu-hông Silvester 2-sè – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-hông Silvester 2-sè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_II" title="Сільвестр II – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сільвестр II" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_II_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96)" title="Сыльвэстар II (папа рымскі) – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сыльвэстар II (папа рымскі)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelvestr_II" title="Jelvestr II – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jelvestr II" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_II" title="Силвестър II – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силвестър II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestre_II" title="Silvestre II – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Silvestre II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestr_II." title="Silvestr II. – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silvestr II." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pave_Sylvester_2." title="Pave Sylvester 2. – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pave Sylvester 2." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II." title="Silvester II. – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84" title="Πάπας Σιλβέστρος Β΄ – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πάπας Σιλβέστρος Β΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_II" title="Pope Sylvester II – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pope Sylvester II" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_II" title="Сильвестр II – ersa" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сильвестр II" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestre_II" title="Silvestre II – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silvestre II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestro_la_2-a" title="Silvestro la 2-a – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Silvestro la 2-a" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestre_II.a" title="Silvestre II.a – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Silvestre II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="سیلوستر دوم – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیلوستر دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre_II" title="Sylvestre II – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sylvestre II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1pa_Sailbheastar_II" title="Pápa Sailbheastar II – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pápa Sailbheastar II" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestre_II,_papa" title="Silvestre II, papa – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Silvestre II, papa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-f%C3%B2ng_Silvester_2-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Kau-fòng Silvester 2-sṳ – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-fòng Silvester 2-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%ED%99%A9_%EC%8B%A4%EB%B2%A0%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4_2%EC%84%B8" title="교황 실베스테르 2세 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교황 실베스테르 2세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestar_II." title="Silvestar II. – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silvestar II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papo_Silvester_la_2ma" title="Papo Silvester la 2ma – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Papo Silvester la 2ma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestre_II" title="Papa Silvestre II – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Papa Silvestre II" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestro_II" title="Papa Silvestro II – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Papa Silvestro II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="סילבסטר השני – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סילבסטר השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Silvester_II" title="Paus Silvester II – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Paus Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_II" title="სილვესტერ II – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სილვესტერ II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvester_II" title="Papa Silvester II – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Papa Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerbert_d%27Aurillac" title="Gerbert d'Aurillac – haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gerbert d'Aurillac" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II" title="Silvester II – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestrs_II" title="Silvestrs II – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Silvestrs II" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II." title="Silvester II. – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Szilveszter_p%C3%A1pa" title="II. Szilveszter pápa – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="II. Szilveszter pápa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_II" title="Папа Силвестер II – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Папа Силвестер II" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="पोप सिल्व्हेस्टर दुसरा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोप सिल्व्हेस्टर दुसरा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="سلفستر التانى – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلفستر التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="سیلوستر دوم – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیلوستر دوم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1u-hu%C3%B2ng_Silvester_2-si%C3%A9" title="Gáu-huòng Silvester 2-sié – idamini" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gáu-huòng Silvester 2-sié" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="idamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paus_Silvester_II" title="Paus Silvester II – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paus Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB2%E4%B8%96_(%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E6%95%99%E7%9A%87)" title="シルウェステル2世 (ローマ教皇) – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シルウェステル2世 (ローマ教皇)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_II" title="Sylvester II – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sylvester II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silv%C3%A8stre_II" title="Silvèstre II – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Silvèstre II" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II." title="Silvester II. – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylwester_II" title="Sylwester II – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sylwester II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestre_II" title="Papa Silvestre II – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Papa Silvestre II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestru_al_II-lea" title="Papa Silvestru al II-lea – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Papa Silvestru al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvistri_II" title="Silvistri II – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Silvistri II" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_II" title="Сильвестр II – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сильвестр II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvesteri_II" title="Silvesteri II – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Silvesteri II" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestru_II" title="Silvestru II – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Silvestru II" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II." title="Silvester II. – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pape%C5%BE_Silvester_II." title="Papež Silvester II. – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Papež Silvester II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_II" title="Папа Силвестар II – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Папа Силвестар II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvestar_II_(papa)" title="Silvestar II (papa) – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silvestar II (papa)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_II" title="Sylvester II – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sylvester II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvester_II" title="Silvester II – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Silvester II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestre_II" title="Papa Silvestre II – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Papa Silvestre II" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาซิลเวสเตอร์ที่ 2 – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาซิลเวสเตอร์ที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_ho%C3%A0ng_Silvestr%C3%B4_II" title="Giáo hoàng Silvestrô II – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo hoàng Silvestrô II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Silvester" title="II. Silvester – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Silvester" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80_II" title="Сильвестр II – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сильвестр II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="سیلوستر دوم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیلوستر دوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Silvestre_II" title="Papa 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th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #F7D79C;">Silvester II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Silvester_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Silvester_II.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="126" data-file-height="120" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sünninimi</th><td> Gerbert Aurillacist (Gerbert d'Aurillac)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Valitsemisaja algus</th><td> <a href="/wiki/2._aprill" title="2. aprill">2. aprill</a> <a href="/wiki/999" title="999">999</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Valitsemisaja lõpp</th><td> <a href="/wiki/12._mai" title="12. mai">12. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Eelkäija</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_V" title="Gregorius V">Gregorius V</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Järeltulija</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVII" title="Johannes XVII">Johannes XVII</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sünnikoht</th><td> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurillac (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aurillac</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Surmakuupäev</th><td> <a href="/wiki/12._mai" title="12. mai">12. mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Surmakoht</th><td> <a href="/wiki/Rooma" title="Rooma">Rooma</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Silvester II</b> (ka <b>Sylvester II</b>; <b>Gerbert Aurillacist</b>, <b>Gerbert Reimsist</b>, <b>Gerbert d'Aurillac</b>, <b>Girbertus</b>, <b>Gerbertus</b>) oli 139. <a href="/wiki/Paavst" title="Paavst">paavst</a> <a href="/wiki/999" title="999">999</a>–<a href="/wiki/1003" title="1003">1003</a>, viljakas teadlane ja õpetaja. Ta toetas ja edendas araabia ja Kreeka-Rooma aritmeetika, matemaatika ja astronoomia uurimist, taastutvustas Euroopale <a href="/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus">abakust</a> ja sfäärilist <a href="/wiki/Astrolaab" title="Astrolaab">astrolaabi</a>, mis oli unustatud Euroopas (kuid mitte Bütsantsis) Kreeka-Rooma ajastu lõpul. Teda peetakse esimeseks, kes tutvustas Euroopas <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCmnends%C3%BCsteem" title="Kümnendsüsteem">kümnendsüsteemi</a>, kasutades araabia numbreid. Ta oli esimene prantsuse päritolu paavst. </p><p>Gerbert sündis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurillac (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aurillaci</a> lähistel Belliaci külas (tänapäeva Saint-Simon, Cantali lähedal Prantsusmaal) millalgi ajavahemikul 938–950 madalat päritolu Agilberti (Agilberto) pojana. </p><p>Gerbert õppis Aurillacis Saint-Géraud' kloostris ja temast sai <a href="/wiki/Benediktlased" title="Benediktlased">benediktlaste ordu</a> <a href="/wiki/Munk" title="Munk">munk</a>. <a href="/wiki/967" title="967">967</a> saavutas Saint-Géraud' kloostrit külastanud <a href="/wiki/Barcelona_krahv" title="Barcelona krahv">Barcelona krahv</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Borrell_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Borrell II (pole veel kirjutatud)">Borrell II</a> abtiga kokkuleppe ja Gerbert siirdus Santa María de Ripolli kloostrisse. Ta õppis Vici piiskopi Attoni (Hatto) ning <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Córdoba">Córdobas</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Sevilla" title="Sevilla">Sevillas</a> araabia õpetlaste juures <a href="/wiki/Matemaatika" title="Matemaatika">matemaatikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronoomia" title="Astronoomia">astronoomiat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aritmeetika" title="Aritmeetika">aritmeetikat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geomeetria" title="Geomeetria">geomeetriat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muusika" title="Muusika">muusikat</a> ning <a href="/wiki/Araabia_keel" title="Araabia keel">araabia keelt</a>. <a href="/wiki/970" title="970">970</a> läks Gerbert koos Attoniga <a href="/wiki/Rooma" title="Rooma">Rooma</a>, kus ta kohtus paavst <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIII" title="Johannes XIII">Johannes XIII</a>-ga, kellele avaldasid muljet tema teadmised. Gerbert kohtus ka <a href="/wiki/Saksa-Rooma_keiser" title="Saksa-Rooma keiser">Saksa-Rooma keisri</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_I_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Otto I (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Otto I</a>-ga. </p><p>Gerbert asus <a href="/wiki/972" title="972">972</a> <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reimsis</a> õppima ülemdiakon Gerannuse juures <a href="/wiki/Dialektika" title="Dialektika">dialektikat</a>. Reimsi peapiiskop Adalbéron määras ta katedraali kooli juhiks, kus ta õpetas muuhulgas ka <a href="/wiki/Meditsiin" title="Meditsiin">meditsiini</a>. Gerbert külastas koos Adalbéroni ja Borrel II-ga <a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a> või <a href="/wiki/981" title="981">981</a> Saksa-Rooma keisri <a href="/wiki/Otto_II_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Otto II (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Otto II</a> õukonda, kus ta väitles <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburgi</a> katedraali kooli juhi Otrikuga (Otric). Otto II-le avaldasid Gerberti teadmised muljet ja keiser määras ta <a href="/wiki/982" title="982">982</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bobbio_klooster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bobbio klooster (pole veel kirjutatud)">Bobbio kloostri</a> <a href="/wiki/Abt" title="Abt">abtiks</a>, kuid ta pidi peatselt segastel asjaoludel sellelt kohalt lahkuma ("<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>" järgi oli klooster vaene, Salvador Miranda arvates mõjutas tema lahkumist teiste kadedus). Gerbert siirdus <a href="/wiki/983" title="983">983</a> <a href="/wiki/Saksamaa" title="Saksamaa">Saksamaale</a>, kus ta oli <a href="/wiki/Otto_III_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Otto III (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Otto III</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tuutor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tuutor (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuutor</a>, kuid asus peatselt <a href="/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa">Prantsusmaale</a> ja lõpetas <a href="/wiki/984" title="984">984</a> Reimsis oma õpingud. </p><p>Reimsi peapiiskopi Adalbéroni lähikonnas tegutsenud Gerbert toetas <a href="/wiki/987" title="987">987</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugues_Capet" title="Hugues Capet">Hugues Capet</a> saamist <a href="/wiki/Prantsusmaa_kuningas" title="Prantsusmaa kuningas">Prantsusmaa kuningaks</a>. Kui Adalbéron <a href="/wiki/23._jaanuar" title="23. jaanuar">23. jaanuaril</a> <a href="/wiki/989" title="989">989</a> suri, lootis Gerbert saada tema järglaseks, kuid Hugues toetas uue peapiiskopina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnoul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnoul (pole veel kirjutatud)">Arnouli</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karolingid" title="Karolingid">Karolingide</a> dünastiast põlvnenud Arnoul kavandas <a href="/wiki/991" title="991">991</a> oma sugulase <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotringi_hertsog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotringi hertsog (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lotringi hertsogi</a> Charlesiga (Karl) Hugues' vastast vandenõud, mistõttu Prantsusmaa kuninga nõudel tagandati ta <a href="/wiki/17._juuni" title="17. juuni">17. juunil</a> 991 Saint-Basle sinodil ametist ja uueks peapiiskopiks valiti Gerbert. Gerbert pidas <a href="/wiki/993" title="993">993</a> Reimsis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Provintsiaalsinod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provintsiaalsinod (pole veel kirjutatud)">provintsiaalsinodi</a>, millel mõisteti hukka need, kes olid kahjustanud kiriku vara. Paavst <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XV" title="Johannes XV">Johannes XV</a> ei toetanud Arnouli tagandamist ja <a href="/wiki/2._juuni" title="2. juuni">2. juunil</a> <a href="/wiki/995" title="995">995</a> peetud Mouzon'i sinodil, kus viibis ka Gerbert, kinnitati Reimsi peapiiskopiks taas Arnoul. </p><p>Gerbert katsus enda ametisse määramist õigustada <a href="/wiki/1._juuli" title="1. juuli">1. juulil</a> 995 toimunud sinodil, kus kinnitati uuesti Arnouli staatus peapiiskopina. Gerbert kirjutas enda õigustamiseks arvukalt kirju, millest on teada vähemalt 149. </p><p>Gerbert siirdus <a href="/wiki/996" title="996">996</a> Otto III õukonda ja osales Roomas tema kroonimisel Saksa-Rooma keisriks. <a href="/wiki/Aprill" title="Aprill">Aprillis</a> <a href="/wiki/998" title="998">998</a> määrati Gerbert Ravenna peapiiskopiks ja <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_V" title="Gregorius V">Gregorius V</a> andis talle <a href="/wiki/28._aprill" title="28. aprill">28. aprillil</a> 998 <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">palliumi</a>. Miranda järgi määras Gregorius V ta 998 <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">kardinaliks</a>. Ta osales sinodil, kus käsitleti Prantsusmaa kuninga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_II_(Prantsusmaa_kuningas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert II (Prantsusmaa kuningas) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Robert II</a> kooselu afääri, kuna kirik ei tunnustanud kuninga kooselu. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paavstiks_saamine">Paavstiks saamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Paavstiks saamine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Muuda alaosa "Paavstiks saamine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg/220px-SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg/330px-SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg/440px-SylvestreII_aurilac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption> Silvester II monument <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurillac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aurillac (pole veel kirjutatud)">Aurillacis</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Saksa-Rooma_keiser" title="Saksa-Rooma keiser">Saksa-Rooma keiser</a> <a href="/wiki/Otto_III_(Saksa-Rooma_keiser)" title="Otto III (Saksa-Rooma keiser)">Otto III</a> määras <a href="/wiki/Veebruar" title="Veebruar">veebruaris</a> 999 <a href="/wiki/Cluny_klooster" title="Cluny klooster">Cluny abti</a> Odiloni (Odilo) soovitusel Ravenna peapiiskopi Gerberti uueks paavstiks, kelle valimisprotseduur toimus <a href="/wiki/28._veebruar" title="28. veebruar">28. veebruaril</a> 999 ja kes pühitseti ametisse <a href="/wiki/2._aprill" title="2. aprill">2. aprillil</a> 999. Ta võttis nime <a href="/wiki/Silvester_I" title="Silvester I">Silvester I</a> järgi, et märkida sel moel paavsti koostöövalmidust keisriga. </p><p>Silvester II oli esimene prantslane, kes sai paavstiks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_Saksa-Rooma_keisriga">Suhted Saksa-Rooma keisriga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Saksa-Rooma keisriga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Saksa-Rooma keisriga" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otto III tagastas <a href="/wiki/Jaanuar" title="Jaanuar">jaanuaris</a> <a href="/wiki/1001" title="1001">1001</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirikuriik" title="Kirikuriik">Kirikuriigile</a> kaheksa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentapolis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pentapolis (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pentapolise</a> maakonda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_Prantsusmaaga">Suhted Prantsusmaaga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Prantsusmaaga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Prantsusmaaga" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II nõudis <a href="/wiki/Prantsusmaa_kuningas" title="Prantsusmaa kuningas">Prantsusmaa kuningalt</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_II_(Prantsusmaa_kuningas)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert II (Prantsusmaa kuningas) (pole veel kirjutatud)">Robert II</a>-lt, et too lõpetaks kooselu oma elukaaslase Berthaga, kuna nende kooselu ei vastanud <a href="/wiki/Kanooniline_%C3%B5igus" title="Kanooniline õigus">kanoonilisele õigusele</a>, sest kuninga ja Bertha emad olid õed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_Kiievi-Vene_riigiga">Suhted Kiievi-Vene riigiga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Kiievi-Vene riigiga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Kiievi-Vene riigiga" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II saatis <a href="/wiki/Kiievi-Vene" title="Kiievi-Vene">Kiievisse</a> delegatsiooni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_Ungariga">Suhted Ungariga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Ungariga"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Ungariga" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ungari vürst <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_P%C3%BCha" class="mw-redirect" title="István Püha">István Püha</a> saatis <a href="/wiki/1000" title="1000">1000</a> Rooma abt Asztriki (Astericus Anastasius) ja taotles paavstilt kuningakrooni, lubades oma valdused anda <a href="/wiki/P%C3%BCha_Tool" title="Püha Tool">Püha Tooli</a> protektoraadi alla. Silvester II andis <a href="/wiki/27._m%C3%A4rts" title="27. märts">27. märtsil</a> 1000 Istvánile <a href="/wiki/Ungari_kuningas" title="Ungari kuningas">Ungari kuninga</a> tiitli ja krooni. Ta edendas Ungaris <a href="/wiki/Misjon" title="Misjon">misjonit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Üleskutse_Jeruusalemma_vabastamiseks"><span id=".C3.9Cleskutse_Jeruusalemma_vabastamiseks"></span>Üleskutse Jeruusalemma vabastamiseks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Üleskutse Jeruusalemma vabastamiseks"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Muuda alaosa "Üleskutse Jeruusalemma vabastamiseks" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II kutsus kristlasi üles vabastama <a href="/wiki/Jeruusalemm" title="Jeruusalemm">Jeruusalemma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sisepoliitika">Sisepoliitika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Sisepoliitika"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Muuda alaosa "Sisepoliitika" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roomas puhkes <a href="/wiki/16._veebruar" title="16. veebruar">16. veebruaril</a> <a href="/wiki/1001" title="1001">1001</a> Giovanni II Crescenzi juhtimisel ülestõus, mille tagajärjel aeti Silvester II ja keiser Otto III Roomast välja. Paavst siirdus <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravennasse</a> ja seejärel <a href="/wiki/Todi" title="Todi">Todisse</a>, kust tal õnnestus Rooma naasta <a href="/wiki/1002" title="1002">1002</a>. aastal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_gallikaani_piiskoppidega">Suhted gallikaani piiskoppidega</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted gallikaani piiskoppidega"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted gallikaani piiskoppidega" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II tunnustas Reimsi peapiiskopina Arnoul'i ja kinnitas, et tema tagandamine 991 polnud kooskõlastatud paavstiga. Ta kinnitas 999 Reimsi peapiiskopi privileegid. </p><p>Ta <a href="/wiki/Ordinatsioon" title="Ordinatsioon">ordineeris</a> 999 Le Puy piiskopiks Théodardi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Suhted_Saksa_piiskoppidega">Suhted Saksa piiskoppidega</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Saksa piiskoppidega"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Muuda alaosa "Suhted Saksa piiskoppidega" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II arutas <a href="/wiki/1._veebruar" title="1. veebruar">1. veebruaril</a> 1001 Roomas ja <a href="/wiki/27._detsember" title="27. detsember">27. detsembril</a> 1001 Todis peetud sinoditel Gandersheimi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvent_(klooster)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvent (klooster) (pole veel kirjutatud)">konvendi</a> tüli. </p><p>Ta andis <a href="/wiki/9._juuli" title="9. juuli">9. juulil</a> 999 <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">palliumi</a> Kölni peapiikopile Heribertile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liturgilised_otsused">Liturgilised otsused</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Liturgilised otsused"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Muuda alaosa "Liturgilised otsused" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II tunnustas 1003 <a href="/wiki/Hingedep%C3%A4ev" title="Hingedepäev">hingedepäeva</a> tähistamist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Misjon">Misjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Misjon"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Muuda alaosa "Misjon" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II edendas misjonit <a href="/wiki/Poola" title="Poola">Poolas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ungari" title="Ungari">Ungaris</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Slaavlased" title="Slaavlased">slaavlaste</a> juures. Ta rajas Gniezno ja Esztergomi piiskopkonnad. </p><p>Ta määras Querfurtist pärit Bruno peapiiskopiks mittekristlastest slaavlaste juures ja andis talle <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">palliumi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Munklus">Munklus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Munklus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=12" title="Muuda alaosa "Munklus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II kinnitas Ramsey kloostri abtiks Abboni. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vojtěchi_kanoniseerimine"><span id="Vojt.C4.9Bchi_kanoniseerimine"></span>Vojtěchi kanoniseerimine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Vojtěchi kanoniseerimine"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=13" title="Muuda alaosa "Vojtěchi kanoniseerimine" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II kanoniseeris 999 Praha piiskopi Vojtěchi (Adalbert). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moraal">Moraal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Moraal"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=14" title="Muuda alaosa "Moraal" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II taunis <a href="/wiki/Simoonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Simoonia">simooniat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konkubinaat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konkubinaat (pole veel kirjutatud)">konkubinaati</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepotism">nepotismi</a>. Ta rõhutas, et <a href="/wiki/Piiskop" title="Piiskop">piiskopiks</a> tuleb määrata laitmatute elukommetega mehi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uued_kardinalid">Uued kardinalid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Uued kardinalid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=15" title="Muuda alaosa "Uued kardinalid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II määras Salvador Miranda andmetel <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">kardinaliks</a> hilisema paavsti <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVIII" title="Johannes XVIII">Johannes XVIII</a>, hilisema paavsti <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VIII" title="Benedictus VIII">Benedictus VIII</a> ja Friedrich von Sachseni (Friedrich Saksimaalt). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Silvester_II_kultuuriloos">Silvester II kultuuriloos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Silvester II kultuuriloos"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=16" title="Muuda alaosa "Silvester II kultuuriloos" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg/220px-Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg/330px-Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg/440px-Silvester_II._and_the_Devil_Cod._Pal._germ._137_f216v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption> Silvester II kuradiga lepingut sõlmimas. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinus_Polonus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinus Polonus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Martinus Polonus</a> (Marcin z Opawy), "Chronicon pontificum et imperatorum", umbes 1460</figcaption></figure> <p>Silvester II-t tunnustati <a href="/wiki/Keskaeg" title="Keskaeg">keskajal</a> õpetlase ja filosoofina. Tema filosoofilisi vaateid mõjutas <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%ABthius" title="Boëthius">Boëthius</a>. </p><p>Silvester II edendas <a href="/wiki/Matemaatika" title="Matemaatika">matemaatika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aritmeetika" title="Aritmeetika">aritmeetika</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Astronoomia" title="Astronoomia">astronoomia</a> arengut Lääne-Euroopa kristlikus kultuuriruumis. Ta võis esimese Lääne-Euroopa kristliku õpetlasena kasutada <a href="/wiki/Araabia_numbrid" title="Araabia numbrid">araabia numbreid</a> ja tutvustada Lääne-Euroopas nende rakendamist. Ta kasutas oma kirjades esmakordselt Põhja-Itaalia tahhograafilist süsteemi. </p><p>Ta tutvustas Lääne-Euroopa kristlikus kultuuriruumis uut tüüpi <a href="/wiki/Abakus" title="Abakus">abakust</a> ja leiutas <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a> andmetel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendelkell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendelkell (pole veel kirjutatud)">pendelkella</a>. </p><p>Ta tutvustas Lääne-Euroopas <a href="/wiki/Astrolaab" title="Astrolaab">astrolaabi</a>, kontsentriliste metallvõrudega taevasfääri ja vaatetoru kasutamist. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Praetorius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Praetorius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Michael Praetoriuse</a> "Syntagma Musicumi" andmetel ehitas Silvester II hüdraulilise <a href="/wiki/Orel" title="Orel">oreli</a>. </p><p>Keskajal levinud legendides seostati tema andekust <a href="/wiki/Maagia" title="Maagia">maagiaga</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Kurat" title="Kurat">kuradiga</a> sõlmitud lepinguga. </p><p>Talle on Aurillacis püstitatud monument. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teosed">Teosed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Teosed"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=17" title="Muuda alaosa "Teosed" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II on kirjutanud <a href="/wiki/Traktaat" title="Traktaat">traktaate</a> matemaatikast ja <a href="/wiki/Teoloogia" title="Teoloogia">teoloogiast</a>. Temalt on teada 218 kirja erinevatele isikutele, samuti 149 kirja, et õigustada oma saamist Reimsi peapiiskopiks. Temalt on teada ka viis lühikest poeemi. </p> <ul><li>"De corpore et sanguine Domini"</li> <li>"De geometria"</li> <li>"Libellus de numerorum divisione"</li> <li>"Libellus de rationali et ratione uti"</li> <li>"Liber abaci"</li> <li>"Regula de abaco computi"</li> <li>"Sermo de informatione episcoporum"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teoloogia">Teoloogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Teoloogia"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=18" title="Muuda alaosa "Teoloogia" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II kirjutas dogmaatilise traktaadi "De corpore et sanguine Domini", kus ta õigustas teoloog <a href="/wiki/Paschasius_Radbertus" title="Paschasius Radbertus">Paschasius Radbertuse</a> vaateid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surm">Surm</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Surm"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=19" title="Muuda alaosa "Surm" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silvester II suri <a href="/wiki/12._mai" title="12. mai">12. mail</a> 1003 <a href="/wiki/Rooma" title="Rooma">Roomas</a> Santa Croce in Gerusalemme kirikus peetud <a href="/wiki/Missa" title="Missa">missa</a> ajal ja maeti <a href="/wiki/Rooma_Peetri_kirik" title="Rooma Peetri kirik">Rooma Peetri kirikusse</a>. Hiljem maeti tema säilmed ümber <a href="/wiki/Lateraani_basiilika" title="Lateraani basiilika">Lateraani basiilikasse</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allikad">Allikad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Allikad"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=20" title="Muuda alaosa "Allikad" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0999-1003-_Silvester_II.html">Silvester II dokumendid.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julien_Havet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julien Havet (pole veel kirjutatud)">Julien Havet</a>: <i>Lettres de Gerbert</i>. Paris, 1889.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pivec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Pivec (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Pivec</a>: <i>Die Briefe Gerberts von Aurillac</i>. Wien, 1928.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Pratt_Latin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Pratt Latin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Harriet Pratt Latin</a>: <i>The Letters of Gerbert with His Papal Privileges as Sylvester II</i>. New York, 1961.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Rich%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Riché (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pierre Riché</a>: <i>Correspondance</i>. I-II, Paris 1993.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Rossi" title="Paolo Rossi">Paolo Rossi</a>: <i>Lettere</i>. Pisa, 2009</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=21" title="Muuda alaosa "Kirjandus" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Glynn_Baird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Glynn Baird (pole veel kirjutatud)">James Glynn Baird</a>: <i>Gerbert of Aurillac: A light in an age of darkness</i>. Arlington, 1994.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel_Beaufr%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abel Beaufrère (pole veel kirjutatud)">Abel Beaufrère</a>: <i>Gerbert, pretre a Aurillac, pontife a Rome</i>. Aurillac, 1970.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Brasa_D%C3%ADez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariano Brasa Díez (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mariano Brasa Díez</a>: <i>Luces y sombras en el siglo X: Gerberto de Aurillac, año Mil</i>. "Revista española de filosofía medieval" 7, 2000: 45–60.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abraham_Bzovius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abraham Bzovius (pole veel kirjutatud)">Abraham Bzovius</a>: <i>Sylvester II. Caesarius Aquitanus</i>. Roma, 1629.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolai_Bubnov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolai Bubnov (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nikolai Bubnov</a>: <i>Сборник писем Герберта как исторический источник (983–997)</i>. Санкт-Петербург, 1888–1890.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_B%C3%BCdinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Büdinger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Max Büdinger</a>: <i>Über Gerbert's wissenschaftliche und politische Stellung</i>. Marburg, 1851.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicole_Charbonnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicole Charbonnel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nicole Charbonnel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Eric_Iung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Eric Iung (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jean-Eric Iung</a>: <i>Gerbert l'Européen</i>. Aurillac, 1997.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_Darlington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar Darlington (pole veel kirjutatud)">Oscar Darlington</a>: <i>Gerbert, "Obscuro loco natus"</i>. "Speculum" 11, 1936: 509–520.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janis_Lynn_Dybdahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janis Lynn Dybdahl (pole veel kirjutatud)">Janis Lynn Dybdahl</a>: <i>Gerbert d'Aurillac</i>. Denver, 1991.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Eichengr%C3%BCnn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Eichengrünn (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fritz Eichengrünn</a>: <i>Gerbert (Silvester II.) als Persönlichkeit</i>. Leipzig, 1928.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Erdmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Erdmann (pole veel kirjutatud)">Carl Erdmann</a>: <i>Die Aufrufe Gerberts und Sergius' IV. für das Heilige Land</i>. "Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken" 23 (1931/1932): 1–21.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Ewald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Ewald (pole veel kirjutatud)">Paul Ewald</a>: <i>Zur Diplomatik Silvesters II</i>. "Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde" 9, 1884: 321–358.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Veit_Friedrich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Veit Friedrich (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hans-Veit Friedrich</a>: <i>Zur Textgestaltung der Geometrie des Gerbert von Aurillac</i>. "Archivum latinitatis medii aevi" 39, 1973: 113–120.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carla_Frova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carla Frova (pole veel kirjutatud)">Carla Frova</a>: <i>Le opere aritmetiche di Gerberto d'Aurillac</i>. "Studi sul medioevo cristiano". Roma, 1974: 323–353.</li> <li>Carla Frova: <i>Trivio e Quadrivio a Reims: l'insegnamento di Gerberto d'Aurillac</i>. "Bullettino dell'Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo" 85, 1974: 53–87.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germana_Gandino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germana Gandino (pole veel kirjutatud)">Germana Gandino</a>: <i>Ruolo dei linguaggi e linguaggio dei ruoli. Ottone III, Silvestro II e un episodio delle relazioni tra impero e papato</i>. "Quaderni storici" 34, 1999: 617–658.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Gasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Gasser (pole veel kirjutatud)">Otto Gasser</a>: <i>Gerbert von Aurillac, nachmaliger Papst Sylvester II., und die von ihm in Magdeburg aufgestellte Uhr</i>. "Geschichtsblätter für Stadt und Land Magdeburg" 44, 1909: 98–111.</li> <li><i>Gerbert: moine, éveque et pape.</i> Aurillac, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Guyotjeannin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivier Guyotjeannin (pole veel kirjutatud)">Olivier Guyotjeannin</a>: <i>Autour de Gerbert d'Aurillac, le pape de l'an mil</i>. Paris, 1996.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_von_Hock&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand von Hock (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Ferdinand von Hock</a>: <i>Gerbert oder Papst Sylvester II. und sein Jahrhundert.</i> Wien, 1837.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Norman_Davidson_Kelly" title="John Norman Davidson Kelly">J. N. D. Kelly</a>: <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Popes</i>. 1996.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans-Henning_Kort%C3%BCm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans-Henning Kortüm (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hans-Henning Kortüm</a>: <i>"Gerbertus qui et Silvester". Papsttum um die Jahrtausendwende</i>. "Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters" 55, 1999: 29–62.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Kropf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Kropf (pole veel kirjutatud)">Lewis Kropf</a>: <i>Sylvester II and Stephen I of Hungary</i>. "The English Historical Review" 13, 1898: 290–294.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_de_La_Salle_de_Rochemaure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix de La Salle de Rochemaure (pole veel kirjutatud)">Félix de La Salle de Rochemaure</a>: <i>Gerbert, Silvestre II</i>. Paris, 1914.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Leflon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Leflon (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jean Leflon</a>: <i>Gerbert</i>. Abbaye Saint-Wandrille, 1945.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uta_Lindgren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uta Lindgren (pole veel kirjutatud)">Uta Lindgren</a>: <i>Gerbert von Aurillac und das quadrivium</i>. Wiesbaden, 1976.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luca_Montecchio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luca Montecchio (pole veel kirjutatud)">Luca Montecchio</a>: <i>Gerberto d'Aurillac e la principessa bizantina Teofano: insieme per l'Impero ottoniano</i>. "Studi sull'oriente cristiano" 3, 2 (1999): 211–218.</li> <li>Luca Montecchio: <i>L'opera scientifica di Gerberto d'Aurillac</i>. "Clio (Napoli)" 37, 2001: 305–320.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Guido_Mor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Guido Mor (pole veel kirjutatud)">Carlo Guido Mor</a>: <i>Silvestro II e Gerusalemme</i>. "Studi di paleografia, diplomatica, storia e araldica in onore di Cesare Manaresi". Milano, 1953: 219–223.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hartmut_M%C3%B6ller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hartmut Möller (pole veel kirjutatud)">Hartmut Möller</a>: <i>Der Tonarius Bernonis: Rätsel um Gerberts Ausgabe</i>. László Dobszay, "Cantus Planus. International Musicological Society Study Group". Budapest, 1992: 69–86.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Navari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Navari (pole veel kirjutatud)">Joseph Navari</a>: <i>The leitmotiv in the mathematical thought of Gerbert of Aurillac</i>. "Journal of Medieval History" 1, 1975: 139–150.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavio_Nuvolone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavio Nuvolone (pole veel kirjutatud)">Flavio Nuvolone</a>: <i>Gerberto d'Aurillac da abate di Bobbio a papa dell'anno 1000</i>. Bobbio, 2001.</li> <li>Flavio Nuvolone: <i>Gerbertus qui et Silvester</i>. Bobbio, 2002.</li> <li>Flavio Nuvolone: <i>Gerberto d'Aurillac – Silvestro II: linee per una sintesi</i>. Bobbio, 2005.</li> <li>Flavio Nuvolone: <i>Gerbert d'Aurillac et la politique impériale ottonienne en 983: une affaire de chiffres censurée par les moines?</i> C. Carozzi, "Faire l'événement au Moyen Âge". Aix-en-Provence, 2007: 235–274.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Oldoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Oldoni (pole veel kirjutatud)">Massimo Oldoni</a>: <i>Gerberto e la sua storia</i>. "Studi Medievali" (SM), 18, 1977, nr 2; SM 21, 1980, nr 2; SM 24, 1983, nr 1.</li> <li>Massimo Oldoni: <i>Gerberto e il suo fantasma. Tecniche della fantasia nel Medioevo</i>. Napoli, 2000.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Passalacqua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina Passalacqua (pole veel kirjutatud)">Marina Passalacqua</a>: <i>Lupo di Ferrières, Gerberto di Aurillac e il De oratore</i>. "Materiali e discussioni per l'analisi dei testi classici" 36, 1996: 225–228.</li> <li>Marina Passalacqua: <i>Gerberto di Aurillac correttore di manoscritti classici</i>. Pierre Lardet, "La tradition vive: mélanges d'histoire des textes en l'honneur de Louis Holtz". Paris, 2003: 317–320.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Picavet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Picavet (pole veel kirjutatud)">François Picavet</a>: <i>Gerbert, un pape philosophe, d'après l'histoire et d'après la légende</i>. Paris, 1897.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pivec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Pivec (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Pivec</a>: <i>Die Briefsammlung Gerberts von Aurillac</i>. "Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung" 49, 1935: 15–74.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoni_Pladevall_Font&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoni Pladevall Font (pole veel kirjutatud)">Antoni Pladevall Font</a>: <i>Silvestre II</i>. Barcelona, 1998.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Rich%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Riché (pole veel kirjutatud)">Pierre Riché</a>: <i>Gerbert d'Aurillac, le pape de l'an Mil</i>. Paris 1987.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Il y a mille ans: Gerbert d'Aurillac en Italie du Nord</i>. "Byzantinische Forschungen" 12, 1987: 473–488.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Nouvelles vies parallèles: Gerbert d'Aurillac et Abbon de Fleury</i>. "Media in Francia. Recueil de mélanges offert à Karl Ferdinand Werner". Maulévrier, 1989: 419–427.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Gerbert d'Aurillac en Catalogne</i>. D. Iogna-Prat, "Catalunya i França meridional a l'entorn de l'any mil". Barcelona, 1991: 374–377.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Les églises de Francie occidentale et de Lotharingie à l'époque de Sylvestre II</i>. R. Grosse, "L'Église de France et la papauté (Xe-XIIIe siècle)". Bonn, 1993: 48–53.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>La bibliothèque de Gerbert d'Aurillac</i>. P. Riché, "Education et culture dans l'occident médiéval". Aldershot, 1993: 94–103.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Nouvelles recherches sur les lettres de Gerbert d'Aurillac</i>. P. Riché, "Education et culture dans l'occident médiéval". Aldershot, 1993: 576–585.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Expression du sentiment national dans la correspondance de Gerbert d'Aurillac et dans l'Histoire de Richer de Reims</i>. C. Carozzi, "Peuples du Moyen Âge – Problèmes d'identification. Séminaire Sociétés, Idéologies et Croyances au Moyen Âge". Aix-en-Provence (1996: 131–143.</li> <li>Pierre Riché: <i>Gerbert d'Aurillac et Saint Mayeul</i>. "Saint Mayeul et son temps". Digne-les-Bains, 1997: 191–197.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Riesenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Riesenberger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Dieter Riesenberger</a>: <i>Prosopographie der päpstlichen Legaten von Stephan II. bis Silvester II</i>. Freiburg, 1965.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rollo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Rollo (pole veel kirjutatud)">David Rollo</a>: <i>William of Malmesbury, Gerbert of Aurillac and the excavation of the Campus Martius</i>. R. Blumenfeld-Kosinski, "Translation studii<i>: Essays by his students in honor of Karl D. Uitti. Amsterdam, 2000: 261–286.</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Rottenburger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Rottenburger (pole veel kirjutatud)">Elizabeth Rottenburger</a>: <i>Gerbert and the Classics</i>. Michigan University, 1964.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monique_Santucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monique Santucci (pole veel kirjutatud)">Monique Santucci</a>: <i>Mais alors qui était ce Gerbert d'Aurillac? A propos d'un roman américain ou la quête d'un amour impossible</i>. Alain Labbé, "Guerres, voyages et quêtes au Moyen Âge. Mélanges offerts à Jean-Claude Faucon". Paris, 2000: 365–379.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Karl_Schlockwerder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Karl Schlockwerder (pole veel kirjutatud)">Theodor Karl Schlockwerder</a>: <i>Untersuchungen zur Chronologie der Briefe Gerberts v. Aurillac</i>. Halle, 1893.</li> <li>Theodor Karl Schlockwerder: <i>Das Konzil zu Sankt Basle. Ein Beitrag. zur Lebensgeschichte Gerberts von Aurillac</i>. Magdeburg, 1906.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Schrader&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Schrader (pole veel kirjutatud)">Charles Schrader</a>: <i>The false attribution of an Eucharistic tract to Gerbert of Aurillac</i>. "Mediaeval Studies" 35, 1973: 178–204.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percy_Ernst_Schramm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percy Ernst Schramm (pole veel kirjutatud)">Percy Ernst Schramm</a>: <i>Die Briefe Kaiser Ottos III. und Gerberts von Reims aus dem Jahre 997</i>. "Archiv für Urkundenforschung" 9, 1926: 87–122.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Schulthe%C3%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Schultheß (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Schultheß</a>: <i>Papst Silvester II. als Lehrer und Staatsmann</i>. Hamburg, 1891.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michele_Tosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michele Tosi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Michele Tosi</a>: <i>Gerberto. Scienza, storia e mito</i>. Bobbio, 1985.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Florence_Trystram&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florence Trystram (pole veel kirjutatud)">Florence Trystram</a>: <i>Le coq et la louve. Histoire de Gerbert et l'an mille</i>. Flammarion, Paris, 1982.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathilde_Uhlirz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathilde Uhlirz (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mathilde Uhlirz</a>: <i>Studien zu Gerbert von Aurillac</i>. "Archiv für Urkundenforschung", 11, 1930: 391–422; 13, 1935: 437–474.</li> <li>Mathilde Uhlirz: <i>Die "Scythae" in den Briefen Gerberts von Aurillac</i>. "Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung" 59, 1951: 411–415.</li> <li>Mathilde Uhlirz: <i>Untersuchungen über Inhalt und Datierung der Briefe Gerberts von Aurillac, Papst Sylvesters II</i>. Graz, 1957.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Weigle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Weigle (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fritz Weigle</a>: <i>Studien zur Überlieferung der Briefsammlung Gerberts von Reims</i>. "Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters" (DAEM) 10 (1953/1954): 19–70; DAEM 11 (1954/1955): 393–421; DAEM 14, 1958: 149–220; DAEM 17, 1961: 385–419.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Ferdinand_Werner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Ferdinand Werner (pole veel kirjutatud)">Karl Ferdinand Werner</a>: <i>Zur Überlieferung der Briefe Gerberts von Aurillac</i>. "Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters" 17, 1961: 91–144.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Välislingid"><span id="V.C3.A4lislingid"></span>Välislingid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silvester_II&action=edit&section=22" title="Muuda alaosa "Välislingid" lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14371a.htm">Artikkel Silvester II kohta.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/bios998.htm#Gerbert">Artikkel Silvester II kohta.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cardinals.fiu.edu/consistories-xi.htm#SylvesterII">Silvester II kardinalid.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185b.htm">Artikkel Le Puy piiskopkonnast.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11518a.htm">Artikkel Paschasius Radbertusest.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02605b.htm">Artikkel Bobbio kloostrist.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03018a.htm">Artikkel misjonär Brunost.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12725a.htm">Artikkel Reimsi peapiiskopkonnast.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06790a.htm">Artikkel Gregorius V-st.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06721b.htm">Artikkel Grani piiskopkonnast.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13253a.htm">Artikkel Venemaast.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04359b.htm">Artikkel Córdobast.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11297a.htm">Artikkel orelist.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07264a.htm">Artikkel Kölni peapiiskopist Heribertist.</a> <i>(inglise keeles)</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07547a.htm">Artikkel Ungarist.</a> 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title="Peetrus">Peetrus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Linus" title="Linus">Linus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anacletus_I" title="Anacletus I">Anacletus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_I" title="Clemens I">Clemens I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Evaristus" title="Evaristus">Evaristus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_I_(paavst)" title="Aleksander I (paavst)">Aleksander I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_I" title="Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Telesphorus" title="Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hyginus" title="Hyginus">Hyginus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_I" title="Pius I">Pius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anicetus" title="Anicetus">Anicetus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Soter" title="Soter">Soter</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eleutherus" title="Eleutherus">Eleutherus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Victor_I" title="Victor I">Victor I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Zephyrinus" title="Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_I" title="Calixtus I">Calixtus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_I" title="Urbanus I">Urbanus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pontianus" title="Pontianus">Pontianus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anterus" title="Anterus">Anterus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fabianus" title="Fabianus">Fabianus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Cornelius" title="Cornelius">Cornelius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lucius_I" title="Lucius I">Lucius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_I" title="Stephanus I">Stephanus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_II" title="Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_(paavst)" title="Dionysius (paavst)">Dionysius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Felix_I" title="Felix I">Felix I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eutychianus" title="Eutychianus">Eutychianus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Caius" title="Caius">Caius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marcellinus" title="Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_I" title="Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eusebius_(paavst)" title="Eusebius (paavst)">Eusebius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Miltiades_(paavst)" title="Miltiades (paavst)">Miltiades</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Silvester_I" title="Silvester I">Silvester I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marcus_(paavst)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus (paavst)">Marcus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Julius_I" title="Julius I">Julius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Liberius" title="Liberius">Liberius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Damasus_I" title="Damasus I">Damasus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Siricius" title="Siricius">Siricius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(paavst)" title="Anastasius I (paavst)">Anastasius I</a> </p><p><b>5.–8. sajand:</b> <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_I" title="Innocentius I">Innocentius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Zosimus" title="Zosimus">Zosimus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_I" title="Bonifatius I">Bonifatius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Coelestinus_I" title="Coelestinus I">Coelestinus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_III" title="Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(paavst)" title="Leo I (paavst)">Leo I</a> Suur <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hilarius" title="Hilarius">Hilarius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Simplicius" title="Simplicius">Simplicius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Felix_III" title="Felix III">Felix III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_I" title="Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_II" title="Anastasius II">Anastasius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Symmachus" title="Symmachus">Symmachus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hormisdas" title="Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_I_(paavst)" title="Johannes I (paavst)">Johannes I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Felix_IV" title="Felix IV">Felix IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_II" title="Bonifatius II">Bonifatius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_II_(paavst)" title="Johannes II (paavst)">Johannes II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Agapetus_I" title="Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Silverius" title="Silverius">Silverius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Vigilius" title="Vigilius">Vigilius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_I" title="Pelagius I">Pelagius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_III_(paavst)" title="Johannes III (paavst)">Johannes III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_I" title="Benedictus I">Benedictus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pelagius_II" title="Pelagius II">Pelagius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_I_Suur" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorius I Suur">Gregorius I Suur</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sabinianus" title="Sabinianus">Sabinianus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_III" title="Bonifatius III">Bonifatius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_IV" title="Bonifatius IV">Bonifatius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Adeodatus_I" title="Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_V" title="Bonifatius V">Bonifatius V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Honorius_I" title="Honorius I">Honorius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Severinus_(paavst)" title="Severinus (paavst)">Severinus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_IV_(paavst)" title="Johannes IV (paavst)">Johannes IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_I" title="Theodorus I">Theodorus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Martinus_I" title="Martinus I">Martinus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_I" title="Eugenius I">Eugenius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Vitalianus" title="Vitalianus">Vitalianus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Adeodatus_II" title="Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Donus" title="Donus">Donus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Agatho" title="Agatho">Agatho</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(paavst)" title="Leo II (paavst)">Leo II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_II" title="Benedictus II">Benedictus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_V_(paavst)" title="Johannes V (paavst)">Johannes V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Conon" title="Conon">Conon</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sergius_I" title="Sergius I">Sergius I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VI_(paavst)" title="Johannes VI (paavst)">Johannes VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VII_(paavst)" title="Johannes VII (paavst)">Johannes VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sisinnius" title="Sisinnius">Sisinnius</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Constantinus" title="Constantinus">Constantinus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_II" title="Gregorius II">Gregorius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_III" title="Gregorius III">Gregorius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Zacharias" title="Zacharias">Zacharias</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_II" title="Stephanus II">Stephanus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_I" title="Paulus I">Paulus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_III" title="Stephanus III">Stephanus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_I" title="Hadrianus I">Hadrianus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_III_(paavst)" title="Leo III (paavst)">Leo III</a> </p><p><b>9.–12. sajand:</b> <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_IV" title="Stephanus IV">Stephanus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paschalis_I" title="Paschalis I">Paschalis I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_II" title="Eugenius II">Eugenius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Valentinus_(paavst)" title="Valentinus (paavst)">Valentinus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_IV" title="Gregorius IV">Gregorius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sergius_II" title="Sergius II">Sergius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_(paavst)" title="Leo IV (paavst)">Leo IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_III" title="Benedictus III">Benedictus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_I" title="Nicolaus I">Nicolaus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_II" title="Hadrianus II">Hadrianus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_VIII_(paavst)" title="Johannes VIII (paavst)">Johannes VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marinus_I" title="Marinus I">Marinus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_III" title="Hadrianus III">Hadrianus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_V" title="Stephanus V">Stephanus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Formosus" title="Formosus">Formosus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_VI" title="Bonifatius VI">Bonifatius VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_VI" title="Stephanus VI">Stephanus VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Romanus_(paavst)" title="Romanus (paavst)">Romanus</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Theodorus_II" title="Theodorus II">Theodorus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_IX" title="Johannes IX">Johannes IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IV" title="Benedictus IV">Benedictus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_V_(paavst)" title="Leo V (paavst)">Leo V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sergius_III" title="Sergius III">Sergius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_III" title="Anastasius III">Anastasius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lando" title="Lando">Lando</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_X" title="Johannes X">Johannes X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_VI_(paavst)" title="Leo VI (paavst)">Leo VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_VII" title="Stephanus VII">Stephanus VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XI" title="Johannes XI">Johannes XI</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_VII" title="Leo VII">Leo VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_VIII" title="Stephanus VIII">Stephanus VIII</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marinus_II" title="Marinus II">Marinus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Agapetus_II" title="Agapetus II">Agapetus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XII" title="Johannes XII">Johannes XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_VIII" title="Leo VIII">Leo VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_V" title="Benedictus V">Benedictus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_VIII" title="Leo VIII">Leo VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIII" title="Johannes XIII">Johannes XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VI" title="Benedictus VI">Benedictus VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VII" title="Benedictus VII">Benedictus VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIV" title="Johannes XIV">Johannes XIV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XV" title="Johannes XV">Johannes XV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_V" title="Gregorius V">Gregorius V</a> <b>·</b>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Silvester II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVII" title="Johannes XVII">Johannes XVII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XVIII" title="Johannes XVIII">Johannes XVIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sergius_IV" title="Sergius IV">Sergius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_VIII" title="Benedictus VIII">Benedictus VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XIX" title="Johannes XIX">Johannes XIX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_IX" title="Benedictus IX">Benedictus IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Silvester_III" title="Silvester III">Silvester III</a> <b>·</b>  Benedictus IX <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VI" title="Gregorius VI">Gregorius VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_II" title="Clemens II">Clemens II</a> <b>·</b>  Benedictus IX <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Damasus_II" title="Damasus II">Damasus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_IX" title="Leo IX">Leo IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Victor_II" title="Victor II">Victor II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_IX" title="Stephanus IX">Stephanus IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_II" title="Nicolaus II">Nicolaus II</a>  <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_II_(paavst)" title="Aleksander II (paavst)">Aleksander II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VII" title="Gregorius VII">Gregorius VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Victor_III" title="Victor III">Victor III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_II" title="Urbanus II">Urbanus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paschalis_II" title="Paschalis II">Paschalis II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gelasius_II" title="Gelasius II">Gelasius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_II" title="Calixtus II">Calixtus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Honorius_II" title="Honorius II">Honorius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_II" title="Innocentius II">Innocentius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Coelestinus_II" title="Coelestinus II">Coelestinus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lucius_II" title="Lucius II">Lucius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_III" title="Eugenius III">Eugenius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_IV" title="Anastasius IV">Anastasius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_IV" title="Hadrianus IV">Hadrianus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_III_(paavst)" title="Aleksander III (paavst)">Aleksander III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Lucius_III" title="Lucius III">Lucius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_III" title="Urbanus III">Urbanus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_VIII" title="Gregorius VIII">Gregorius VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_III" title="Clemens III">Clemens III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Coelestinus_III" title="Coelestinus III">Coelestinus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_III" title="Innocentius III">Innocentius III</a> </p><p><b>13.–16. sajand:</b> <a href="/wiki/Honorius_III" title="Honorius III">Honorius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_IX" title="Gregorius IX">Gregorius IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Coelestinus_IV" title="Coelestinus IV">Coelestinus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_IV" title="Innocentius IV">Innocentius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_IV_(paavst)" title="Aleksander IV (paavst)">Aleksander IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_IV" title="Urbanus IV">Urbanus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_IV" title="Clemens IV">Clemens IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_X" title="Gregorius X">Gregorius X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_V" title="Innocentius V">Innocentius V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_V" title="Hadrianus V">Hadrianus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXI" title="Johannes XXI">Johannes XXI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_III" title="Nicolaus III">Nicolaus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Martinus_IV" title="Martinus IV">Martinus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Honorius_IV" title="Honorius IV">Honorius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_IV" title="Nicolaus IV">Nicolaus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Coelestinus_V" title="Coelestinus V">Coelestinus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_VIII" title="Bonifatius VIII">Bonifatius VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XI" title="Benedictus XI">Benedictus XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_V" title="Clemens V">Clemens V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXII" title="Johannes XXII">Johannes XXII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XII" title="Benedictus XII">Benedictus XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VI" title="Clemens VI">Clemens VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VI" title="Innocentius VI">Innocentius VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_V" title="Urbanus V">Urbanus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XI" title="Gregorius XI">Gregorius XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_VI" title="Urbanus VI">Urbanus VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bonifatius_IX" title="Bonifatius IX">Bonifatius IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VII" title="Innocentius VII">Innocentius VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XII" title="Gregorius XII">Gregorius XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Martinus_V" title="Martinus V">Martinus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Eugenius_IV" title="Eugenius IV">Eugenius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_V" title="Nicolaus V">Nicolaus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Calixtus_III" title="Calixtus III">Calixtus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_II" title="Pius II">Pius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_II" title="Paulus II">Paulus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_IV" title="Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_VIII" title="Innocentius VIII">Innocentius VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_VI" title="Aleksander VI">Aleksander VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_III" title="Pius III">Pius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Julius_II" title="Julius II">Julius II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_X" title="Leo X">Leo X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hadrianus_VI" title="Hadrianus VI">Hadrianus VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VII" title="Clemens VII">Clemens VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_III" title="Paulus III">Paulus III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Julius_III" title="Julius III">Julius III</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_II" title="Marcellus II">Marcellus II</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_IV" title="Paulus IV">Paulus IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_IV" title="Pius IV">Pius IV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_V" title="Pius V">Pius V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XIII" title="Gregorius XIII">Gregorius XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sixtus_V" title="Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_VII" title="Urbanus VII">Urbanus VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XIV" title="Gregorius XIV">Gregorius XIV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_IX" title="Innocentius IX">Innocentius IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_VIII" title="Clemens VIII">Clemens VIII</a> </p><p><b>17.–20. sajand:</b> <a href="/wiki/Leo_XI" title="Leo XI">Leo XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_V" title="Paulus V">Paulus V</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XV" title="Gregorius XV">Gregorius XV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Urbanus_VIII" title="Urbanus VIII">Urbanus VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_X" title="Innocentius X">Innocentius X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_VII" title="Aleksander VII">Aleksander VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_IX" title="Clemens IX">Clemens IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_X" title="Clemens X">Clemens X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XI" title="Innocentius XI">Innocentius XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_VIII" title="Aleksander VIII">Aleksander VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XII" title="Innocentius XII">Innocentius XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XI" title="Clemens XI">Clemens XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Innocentius_XIII" title="Innocentius XIII">Innocentius XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XIII_(paavst)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedictus XIII (paavst)">Benedictus XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XII" title="Clemens XII">Clemens XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XIV" title="Benedictus XIV">Benedictus XIV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XIII" title="Clemens XIII">Clemens XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Clemens_XIV" title="Clemens XIV">Clemens XIV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_VI" title="Pius VI">Pius VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_VII" title="Pius VII">Pius VII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_XII" title="Leo XII">Leo XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_VIII" title="Pius VIII">Pius VIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregorius_XVI" title="Gregorius XVI">Gregorius XVI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_IX" title="Pius IX">Pius IX</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Leo_XIII" title="Leo XIII">Leo XIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_X" title="Pius X">Pius X</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XV" title="Benedictus XV">Benedictus XV</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_XI" title="Pius XI">Pius XI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Pius_XII" title="Pius XII">Pius XII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_XXIII" title="Johannes XXIII">Johannes XXIII</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paulus_VI" title="Paulus VI">Paulus VI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_I" title="Johannes Paulus I">Johannes Paulus I</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_II" title="Johannes Paulus II">Johannes Paulus II</a> </p><p><b>21. sajand:</b> <a href="/wiki/Benedictus_XVI" title="Benedictus XVI">Benedictus XVI</a> <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Franciscus" title="Franciscus">Franciscus</a> </p> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div style="display:none"><div class="navbox mw-collapsible autocollapse"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5502657"> <div class="navbox-title"><div style="margin:0 4em;">{{{päis}}}</div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <p>{{{sisu}}} </p> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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