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<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Safe" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Safe" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Room-sized_fireproof_vaults" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Room-sized_fireproof_vaults"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Room-sized fireproof vaults</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Room-sized_fireproof_vaults-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire-resistant_safes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire-resistant_safes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fire-resistant safes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire-resistant_safes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wall_safes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wall_safes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Wall safes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wall_safes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safe-cracking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safe-cracking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Safe-cracking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safe-cracking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UL_Safe_Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UL_Safe_Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>UL Safe Standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-UL_Safe_Standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle UL Safe Standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-UL_Safe_Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fire_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Fire ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burglary_ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burglary_ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Burglary ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burglary_ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Residential_Security_Containers_(RSC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_Security_Containers_(RSC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Residential Security Containers (RSC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_Security_Containers_(RSC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tool-Resistant_Safe_(TL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tool-Resistant_Safe_(TL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Tool-Resistant Safe (TL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tool-Resistant_Safe_(TL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torch_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TRTL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torch_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TRTL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Torch & Tool Resistant Safe (TRTL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torch_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TRTL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torch,_Explosive_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TXTL)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torch,_Explosive_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TXTL)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>Torch, Explosive & Tool Resistant Safe (TXTL)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torch,_Explosive_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TXTL)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_safe_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_safe_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>European safe standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_safe_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Safe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A9" title="خزنة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خزنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxa_fuerte" title="Caxa fuerte – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caxa fuerte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresor" title="Dresor – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Dresor" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caixa_de_cabals" title="Caixa de cabals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caixa de cabals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trezor" title="Trezor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Trezor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeskab" title="Pengeskab – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pengeskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresor" title="Tresor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tresor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caja_fuerte" title="Caja fuerte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caja fuerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C5%9Dranko" title="Monŝranko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monŝranko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutxa_gotor" title="Kutxa gotor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kutxa gotor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82" title="گاوصندوق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاوصندوق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffre-fort" title="Coffre-fort – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coffre-fort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theb%C5%A9" title="Thebũ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Thebũ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%88%EA%B3%A0" title="금고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="금고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brankas" title="Brankas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brankas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassaforte" title="Cassaforte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cassaforte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="כספת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כספת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ತಿಜೋರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಿಜೋರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84" title="Сейф – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сейф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofferfort" title="Kofferfort – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kofferfort" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloes_(bergruumde)" title="Kloes (bergruumde) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kloes (bergruumde)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9f" title="Széf – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Széf" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peti_besi" title="Peti besi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Peti besi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandkast" title="Brandkast – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brandkast" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BA%AB" title="金庫 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="金庫" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengeskap" title="Pengeskap – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pengeskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sejf" title="Sejf – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sejf" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofre" title="Cofre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cofre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas%C4%83_de_bani" title="Casă de bani – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Casă de bani" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84" title="Сейф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сейф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasaforta" title="Kasaforta – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kasaforta" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe_(container)" title="Safe (container) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Safe (container)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Сеф – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сеф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassakaappi" title="Kassakaappi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kassakaappi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassask%C3%A5p" title="Kassaskåp – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kassaskåp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahang_bakal" title="Kahang bakal – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kahang bakal" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%84" title="Сейф – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сейф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9t_s%E1%BA%AFt" title="Két sắt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Két sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A3" title="סייף – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סייף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%BE%E8%90%AC" title="夾萬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="夾萬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%BA%93" title="金库 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="金库" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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searchaux" style="display:none">Secure lockable box used for securing valuable objects</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Safe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Safe (disambiguation)">Safe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Safe" title="Special:EditPage/Safe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Safe%22">"Safe"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Safe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Safe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Safe%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Safe%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Safe%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TL_Rated_Safe.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TL_Rated_Safe.webp/220px-TL_Rated_Safe.webp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TL_Rated_Safe.webp/330px-TL_Rated_Safe.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/TL_Rated_Safe.webp/440px-TL_Rated_Safe.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>TL-15 Burglary Rated Safe </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG/220px-Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG/330px-Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG/440px-Australian_Made_CMI_H2D_Home_Safe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2619" data-file-height="2159" /></a><figcaption>Basic steel safe with an electronic lock.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>safe</b> (also called a <b>strongbox</b> or <b>coffer</b>) is a secure <a href="/wiki/Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">lockable</a> enclosure used for securing valuable objects against <a href="/wiki/Theft" title="Theft">theft</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a>. A safe is usually a hollow <a href="/wiki/Cuboid" title="Cuboid">cuboid</a> or cylinder, with one face being removable or <a href="/wiki/Hinge" title="Hinge">hinged</a> to form a <a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">door</a>. The body and door may be <a href="/wiki/Metal_casting" title="Metal casting">cast</a> from <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>) or formed out of plastic through <a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">blow molding</a>. Bank teller safes typically are secured to the counter, have a slit opening for dropping valuables into the safe without opening it, and a <a href="/wiki/Time-delay_combination_locks" title="Time-delay combination locks">time-delay combination lock</a> to foil thieves. One significant distinction between types of safes is whether the safe is secured to a wall or structure or if it can be moved around. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first known safe dates back to the 13th century BC and was found in the tomb of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a>. It was made of wood and consisted of a locking system resembling the modern pin tumbler lock.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 16th century, blacksmiths in southern Germany, Austria, and France first forged cash boxes in sheet iron. These sheet-iron money chests served as the models for mass-produced cash boxes in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 17th century, in northern Europe, iron safes were sometimes made in the shape of a barrel, with a padlock on top.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1835, English inventors <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chubb_(businessman)" title="Charles Chubb (businessman)">Charles</a> and Jeremiah Chubb in <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton" title="Wolverhampton">Wolverhampton</a>, England, received a patent for a burglar-resisting safe and began a production of safes.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chubb brothers had produced locks since 1818. <a href="/wiki/Chubb_Locks" title="Chubb Locks">Chubb Locks</a> was an independent company until 2000 when it was sold to <a href="/wiki/Assa_Abloy" title="Assa Abloy">Assa Abloy</a>. </p><p>On November 2, 1886, inventor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Brown_(inventor)" title="Henry Brown (inventor)">Henry Brown</a> patented a "receptacle for storing and preserving papers". The container was fire retardant and accident resistant as it was made from forged metal. The box was able to be safely secured with a lock and key and also able to maintain organization by offering different slots to organize important papers.<sup id="cite_ref-About_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specifications for safes include some or all of the following parameters: </p> <ul><li>Burglar-resistance</li> <li>Fire-resistance</li> <li>Environmental resistance (e.g., to water or dust)</li> <li>Type of lock (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Combination_lock" title="Combination lock">combination</a>, key, <a href="/wiki/Time_lock" title="Time lock">time lock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_lock" title="Electronic lock">electronic locking</a>)</li> <li>Location (e.g., wall safe, floor safe)</li> <li>Smart safes as part of an <a href="/wiki/Automated_cash_handling" title="Automated cash handling">automated cash handling</a> system</li></ul> <p>It is often possible to open a safe without access to the <a href="/wiki/Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">key</a> or knowledge of the combination; this activity is known as <a href="/wiki/Safe-cracking" title="Safe-cracking">safe-cracking</a> and is a popular theme in <a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">heist films</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Concealment_device" title="Concealment device">diversion safe</a>, or hidden safe, is a safe that is made from an otherwise ordinary object such as a book, a candle, a can, or wall outlet. Valuables are placed in these hidden safes, which are themselves <a href="/wiki/Security_through_obscurity" title="Security through obscurity">placed inconspicuously</a> (for example, a book would be placed on a book shelf). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg/220px-Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg/330px-Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg/440px-Caja_fuerte_antigua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Strongbox multiple locking mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>Fire-resistant record protection equipment consists of self-contained devices that incorporate insulated bodies, doors, drawers or lids, or non-rated multi-drawer devices housing individually rated containers that contain one or more inner compartments for storage of records. These devices are intended to provide protection to one or more types of records as evidenced by the assigned Class rating or ratings; Class 350 for paper, Class 150 for microfilm, microfiche other and photographic film and Class 125 for magnetic media and hard drives. Enclosures of this type are typically rated to protect contents for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>, 1, 2, or 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>hours; they will not protect indefinitely. They may also be rated for their resistance to impact should the safe fall a specified distance onto a hard surface, or have debris fall upon it during a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Burglary-resistant safes are rated as to their resistance to various types of tools and the duration of the attack. </p><p>Safes can contain hardware that automatically dispenses cash or validates bills as part of an <a href="/wiki/Automated_cash_handling" title="Automated cash handling">automated cash handling</a> system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Room-sized_fireproof_vaults">Room-sized fireproof vaults</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Room-sized fireproof vaults"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bank_vault" title="Bank vault">Bank vault</a></div> <p>For larger volumes of heat-sensitive materials, a modular room-sized vault is much more economical than purchasing and storing many fire rated safes. Typically these room-sized vaults are utilized by corporations, government agencies and off-site storage service firms. Fireproof vaults are rated up to Class 125-4 Hour for large data storage applications. These vaults utilize ceramic fiber, a high temperature industrial insulating material, as the core of their modular panel system. All components of the vault, not just the walls and roof panels, must be Class 125 rated to achieve that overall rating for the vault. This includes the door assembly (a double door is needed since there is no single Class 125 vault door available), cable penetrations, coolant line penetrations (for split <a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a> systems), and air duct penetrations. </p><p>There are also Class 150 applications (such as microfilm) and Class 350 vaults for protecting valuable paper documents. Like the data-rated (Class 125) structures, these vault systems employ ceramic fiber insulation and components rated to meet or exceed the required level of protection. </p><p>In recent years room-sized Class 125 vaults have been installed to protect entire data centers. As data storage technologies migrate from tape-based storage methods to hard drives, this trend is likely to continue.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fire-resistant_safes">Fire-resistant safes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fire-resistant safes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg/170px-Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg/255px-Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg/340px-Dangerous_chemicals_cabinet_in_MPI-CBG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>A reinforced, fireproof cabinet for dangerous chemicals</figcaption></figure> <p>A fire-resistant safe is a type of safe that is designed to protect its contents from high temperatures or actual <a href="/wiki/Fire" title="Fire">fire</a>. Fire resistant safes are usually rated by the amount of time they can withstand the extreme temperatures a fire produces, while not exceeding a set internal temperature, e.g., less than 350 °F (177 °C). Models are typically available between half-hour and four-hour durations. </p><p>In the UK, the BS EN-1047 standard is set aside for data and document safes to determine their ability to withstand prolonged intense heat and impact damage. </p> <ul><li>Document safes are designed to maintain an internal temperature no greater than 177 °C (351 °F) while in a constantly heated environment in excess of 1,000 °C (1,830 °F).</li> <li>Data safes are designed to maintain an internal temperature no greater than 55 °C (131 °F) while in a constantly heated environment in excess of 1,000 °C (1,830 °F).</li></ul> <p>These conditions are maintained for the duration of the test. This is usually at least 30 minutes but can extend to many hours depending on grade. Both kinds of safe are also tested for impact by dropping from a set height onto a solid surface and then tested for fire survivability once again.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, both the writing of standards for fire-resistance and the actual testing of safes is performed by <a href="/wiki/UL_(safety_organization)" title="UL (safety organization)">Underwriters Laboratories</a>. </p><p>An in-floor safe installed in a concrete floor is very resistant to fire. However, not all floor safes are watertight; they may fill with water from fire hoses. Contents can be protected against water damage by appropriate packaging. </p><p>Reinforced, fireproof cabinets are also used for dangerous chemicals or flammable goods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wall_safes">Wall safes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Wall safes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wall safes are designed to provide hidden protection for documents and miscellaneous valuables. Adjustable depth allows the maximization of usable space when installed in different wall thicknesses. Some wall safes have pry-resistant recessed doors with concealed hinges. A painting can be hung over a wall safe to hide it. </p><p>Small safes may be fixed to a wall to prevent the entire safe being removed, without concealment. Very small secure enclosures known as key safes, opened by entering a combination, are attached to the wall of a building to store the keys allowing access, so that they are available only to a person knowing the combination, typically for holiday lets, carers, or emergency use.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safe-cracking">Safe-cracking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Safe-cracking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Safe-cracking" title="Safe-cracking">Safe-cracking</a></div> <p>Safe-cracking is opening a safe without a combination or key. There are many methods of safe-cracking ranging from brute force methods to guessing the combination. The easiest method that can be used on many safes is "safe bouncing", which involves hitting the safe on top; this may cause the locking pin to budge, opening the safe<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>Physicist <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a> gained a reputation for safe-cracking while working on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a> during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. He did this for recreation, describing his experiences and methods in detail in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Surely_You%27re_Joking,_Mr._Feynman!" title="Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!">Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!</a></i>. He made the point that the secure storage he successfully opened clandestinely (to which he would have been given access if he asked) contained contents far more important than any thief had ever accessed, all the secrets of the wartime <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> project.<sup id="cite_ref-syj_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syj-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="UL_Safe_Standards">UL Safe Standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: UL Safe Standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/UL_(safety_organization)" title="UL (safety organization)">Underwriters Laboratories</a> (UL) testing certifications are known to be some of the most rigorous and most respected in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UL provides numerous ratings, the most common security and fire ratings as discussed below. UL ratings are the typical rating standards used for safes within the United States. They are only matched by B.T.U/VDMA certifications (Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_ratings">Fire ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fire ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UL_1_Hour_Fire_Label.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/UL_1_Hour_Fire_Label.jpg/220px-UL_1_Hour_Fire_Label.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/UL_1_Hour_Fire_Label.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="121" /></a><figcaption>UL 1 Hour Fire Label</figcaption></figure> <p>UL provides a variety of fire rating classifications, 125, 150, and 350 representing the maximum internal temperature in degrees Fahrenheit the safe may not exceed during the test. The classifications come in durations from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-hour to 4 hours in length. The safe is exposed to gradually higher temperatures depending on the duration of the test. The most common standards being the 350 one hour (1,700 degrees) and 350 two hour (1,850 degrees) ratings as the temperature paper chars is approximately 451 degrees Fahrenheit.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burglary_ratings">Burglary ratings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Burglary ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UL standards are one of the principal North American protection standards.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resistance time limit specifies "tools on the safe" time without access to contents.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The test might take hours to run and can be repeated as many times as the UL staff feel necessary to ensure that all prospective avenues of attack have been thoroughly explored. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Residential_Security_Containers_(RSC)"><span id="Residential_Security_Containers_.28RSC.29"></span>Residential Security Containers (RSC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Residential Security Containers (RSC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is the entry level security rating offered by Underwriters Laboratories and it has its own standard: (UL 1037).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard originally had one level, now known as RSC Level I. The standard was expanded in 2016 providing a greater range of security options.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This standard also involves a drop test for products weighing not more than 750 pounds, simulating attempting to gain entry by dropping the safe.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>RSC Level I</b> - Must withstand a five-minute attack by one technician using common hand tools such as drills, screwdrivers and hammers.</li> <li><b>RSC Level II</b> - Must withstand a ten-minute attack by two technicians who use more aggressive tools such as picks, sledgehammers, pry bars, high-speed carbide drills and pressure applying devices. In addition, the technicians will attempt to make a six-square-inch opening in the door or the front face of the safe.</li> <li><b>RSC Level III</b> - Also gives two technicians a ten-minute window to perform the test, but the range of tools become even more aggressive, and the size of the maximum attack opening must not exceed two square inches.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tool-Resistant_Safe_(TL)"><span id="Tool-Resistant_Safe_.28TL.29"></span>Tool-Resistant Safe (TL)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tool-Resistant Safe (TL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TL-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/TL-15.jpg/220px-TL-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/TL-15.jpg/330px-TL-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/TL-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption>UL TL-15 Tool-Resistant Safe Label</figcaption></figure> <p>Safes at this level are typically, but not exclusively, used for commercial applications such as jewelers and coin dealers. These ratings are granted to combination locked safes that successfully resist when attacked by two technicians with common hand tools, picking tools, mechanical or portable electric tools, grinding points, carbide drills and pressure applying devices or mechanisms. In addition to those requirements, the safe must weigh at least 750 pounds or come with instructions for anchoring, and have body walls of material equivalent to at least 1" open hearth steel with a minimum tensile strength of 50,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>psi. The UL Standard for tool-resistant safes and above are governed by UL Standard 687.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>TL-15</b> - This is a combination-locked safe that offers <i>limited protection</i> against combinations of common mechanical and electrical tools. The safe will resist abuse for 15 minutes from tools such as hand tools, picking tools, mechanical or electric tools, grinding points, carbide drills and devices that apply pressure. While the UL 687 defines this as a "limited degree" of protection, that standard is used for commercial applications, and the TL-15 rating offers significantly better protection than many unrated safes.</li> <li><b>TL-30</b> - This safe offers <i>moderate</i> <i>protection</i> against combinations of mechanical and electrical tools. The safe will resist abuse for 30 minutes from the same tools as the TL-15 test, plus more aggressive tools including cutting wheels and power saws.</li> <li><b>TL-30x6</b> - This is safe can withstand the same assaults as the TL-30 but protection is offered on all six-sides of the body as opposed to only the door.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torch_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TRTL)"><span id="Torch_.26_Tool_Resistant_Safe_.28TRTL.29"></span>Torch & Tool Resistant Safe (TRTL)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Torch & Tool Resistant Safe (TRTL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>TRTL-30x6 -</b> This is a combination-locked safe that offers <i>high protection</i> against combinations of mechanical, electrical, and cutting tools. The safe will resist abuse for 30 minutes from tools such as hand tools, picking tools, mechanical or electrical tools, grinding points, carbide drills, devices that apply pressure, cutting wheels, power saws, impact tools and, in addition, can withstand an <a href="/wiki/Oxy-fuel_welding_and_cutting" title="Oxy-fuel welding and cutting">oxy-fuel welding and cutting</a> torch (tested gas limited to 1,000 cubic feet (28 m<sup>3</sup>) combined total oxygen and fuel gas.)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>TRTL-60x6 -</b> This class will withstand the same assaults as Class TRTL-30x6 for 60 minutes.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Torch,_Explosive_&_Tool_Resistant_Safe_(TXTL)"><span id="Torch.2C_Explosive_.26_Tool_Resistant_Safe_.28TXTL.29"></span>Torch, Explosive & Tool Resistant Safe (TXTL)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Torch, Explosive & Tool Resistant Safe (TXTL)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>TXTL-60x6</b> - This class meets all the requirements for Class TRTL-60x6 and in addition can withstand detonation of one charge of 4 ounces (110 g) of <a href="/wiki/Nitroglycerin" title="Nitroglycerin">nitroglycerin</a>, or other <a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">high explosive</a> of equivalent energy. Multiple charges up to a total of 8 ounces (230 g) may be used.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_safe_standards">European safe standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: European safe standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the usage, the <a href="/wiki/European_Committee_for_Standardization" title="European Committee for Standardization">European Committee for Standardization</a> has published different European standards for safes. Testing and certification according to these standards should be done by an accredited certification body, e.g. <a href="/wiki/European_Certification_Body" title="European Certification Body">European Certification Body</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>EN 1143-1 is the main testing standard for safes, ATM safes, strongroom doors and strongrooms. For safes it features eleven resistance grades (0, I, II, ..., to X). From one grade to the next the security rises by approximately 50%. Testing is based on a free choice of attack tools and methods. Testing requires partial access (hand hole) and complete access attempts, on all sides of the product. The security is calculated by using ratings of tools and the attack time. The result is expressed in resistance units (RU).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>EN 14450 is a testing standard for secure cabinets and strongboxes. The standard covers products meant for purposes where the security resistance required is less than that of EN 1143–1.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>For fire-resistant safes the EN 1047-1 (fire resistance standard similar to the fire resistance safe standard of UL) and EN 15659 (for light fire storage units) were published.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iron safe with bronze decorations, including appliqué heads of deities arranged in a row, found in Pompeii, now in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples"><img alt="Iron safe with bronze decorations, including appliqué heads of deities arranged in a row, found in Pompeii, now in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg/120px-S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg/180px-S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg/240px-S03_06_01_024_image_3158.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iron safe with bronze decorations, including appliqué heads of deities arranged in a row, found in Pompeii, now in the National Archaeological Museum of Naples</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="18th century sealable cashbox, sometimes called a barrel safe (Finnish customs service museum in Susisaari [fi], Suomenlinna"><img alt="18th century sealable cashbox, sometimes called a barrel safe (Finnish customs service museum in Susisaari [fi], Suomenlinna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG/90px-Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG/135px-Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG/180px-Cashbox_from_18th_century.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">18th century sealable cashbox, sometimes called a barrel safe (Finnish customs service museum in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susisaari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susisaari (page does not exist)">Susisaari</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susisaari" class="extiw" title="fi:Susisaari">fi</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Suomenlinna" title="Suomenlinna">Suomenlinna</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0011Moebeltresor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A small hotel safe, secured to a wall to also prevent it being removed unopened."><img alt="A small hotel safe, secured to a wall to also prevent it being removed unopened." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/0011Moebeltresor.JPG/120px-0011Moebeltresor.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/0011Moebeltresor.JPG/180px-0011Moebeltresor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/0011Moebeltresor.JPG/240px-0011Moebeltresor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2039" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A small hotel safe, secured to a wall to also prevent it being removed unopened.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_control" title="Access control">Access control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concealment_device" title="Concealment device">Concealment device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_government_safe_and_vault_door_specifications" title="United States government safe and vault door specifications">United States government safe and vault door specifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safe" title="Gun safe">Gun safe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_and_key" title="Lock and key">Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_override" title="Manual override">Manual override</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_security" title="Physical security">Physical security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_deposit_box" title="Safe deposit box">Safe deposit box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security" title="Security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">Safe room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strongroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Strongroom">Strongroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-delay_combination_locks" title="Time-delay combination locks">Time-delay combination locks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insafe.com/blog/history-of-safes/">"The History of Safes"</a>. <i>Insafe International Limited</i>. 18 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630040722/https://www.insafe.com/blog/history-of-safes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insafe+International+Limited&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Safes&rft.date=2015-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insafe.com%2Fblog%2Fhistory-of-safes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicallocks.com/en/site/h/safes/20-money-chests/sixteenth-and-seventeenth-century-money-chests-and-cash-boxes/">"Sixteenth and seventeenth century money chests and cash boxes"</a>. <i>Historical Locks</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630040729/https://www.historicallocks.com/en/site/h/safes/20-money-chests/sixteenth-and-seventeenth-century-money-chests-and-cash-boxes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Locks&rft.atitle=Sixteenth+and+seventeenth+century+money+chests+and+cash+boxes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicallocks.com%2Fen%2Fsite%2Fh%2Fsafes%2F20-money-chests%2Fsixteenth-and-seventeenth-century-money-chests-and-cash-boxes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Barrel Safe</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://elizabethstreetgallery.com/barrel-safe/">https://elizabethstreetgallery.com/barrel-safe/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220711135007/https://elizabethstreetgallery.com/barrel-safe/">Archived</a> 2022-07-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909090849/http://www.chubbsafes.com/about/history/Pages/default.aspx">"History"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chubbsafes.com/about/history/Pages/default.aspx">the original</a> on 2010-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chubbsafes.com%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130116025935/http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbrown.htm">"Henry Brown"</a>. <i>Inventors</i>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbrown.htm">the original</a> on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inventors&rft.atitle=Henry+Brown&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finventors.about.com%2Flibrary%2Finventors%2Fblbrown.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain2012" class="citation web cs1">Chamberlain, Gaius (November 26, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blackinventor.com/henry-brown/">"Henry Brown"</a>. <i>The Black Inventor Online Museum</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708155343/http://blackinventor.com/henry-brown/">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Black+Inventor+Online+Museum&rft.atitle=Henry+Brown&rft.date=2012-11-26&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=Gaius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblackinventor.com%2Fhenry-brown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.safes.co.uk/blog/home_safes/">"Five reasons you need a Home Safe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420160343/https://www.safes.co.uk/blog/home_safes/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+reasons+you+need+a+Home+Safe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.safes.co.uk%2Fblog%2Fhome_safes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220311065336/https://www.prweb.com/releases/modular_data_center/fire_protection/prweb1239614.htm">"Protection for the Modular Data Center"</a>. <i>Cision PRWeb</i>. 2008-08-26. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prweb.com/releases/modular_data_center/fire_protection/prweb1239614.htm">the original</a> on 2022-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cision+PRWeb&rft.atitle=Protection+for+the+Modular+Data+Center&rft.date=2008-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prweb.com%2Freleases%2Fmodular_data_center%2Ffire_protection%2Fprweb1239614.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Standard document: BS EN 1047-2:2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kirklees.gov.uk/beta/home-and-living-support/key-safes.aspx">"Key safes"</a>. Kirklees Council<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+safes&rft.pub=Kirklees+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirklees.gov.uk%2Fbeta%2Fhome-and-living-support%2Fkey-safes.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://staff.derbyshire.gov.uk/site-elements/documents/working-here/adult-care/key-safe-information-sheet.pdf">"Key Safe Information Sheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Derbyshire County Council. 18 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Key+Safe+Information+Sheet&rft.pub=Derbyshire+County+Council&rft.date=2022-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstaff.derbyshire.gov.uk%2Fsite-elements%2Fdocuments%2Fworking-here%2Fadult-care%2Fkey-safe-information-sheet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-syj-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-syj_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeynman1997" class="citation book cs1">Feynman, Richard (1997). <i>Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!</i>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7papZR4oVssC&pg=PA60">60</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31604-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31604-9"><bdi>978-0-393-31604-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surely+You%27re+Joking%2C+Mr.+Feynman%21&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31604-9&rft.aulast=Feynman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ul.com/news/cracking-code-glimpse-ul%27s-burglary-testing-safes">"Cracking the Code: A Glimpse into UL's Burglary Testing of Safes"</a>. <i>Underwriters Laboratories (UL)</i>. 2019-09-10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630040719/https://www.ul.com/news/cracking-code-glimpse-ul%27s-burglary-testing-safes">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Underwriters+Laboratories+%28UL%29&rft.atitle=Cracking+the+Code%3A+A+Glimpse+into+UL%27s+Burglary+Testing+of+Safes&rft.date=2019-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ul.com%2Fnews%2Fcracking-code-glimpse-ul%2527s-burglary-testing-safes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vdma.org/en/v2viewer/-/v2article/render/16111684">"EN 1143-1, EN 1143-2 and EN 14450"</a>. <i>Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701020650/https://www.vdma.org/en/v2viewer/-/v2article/render/16111684">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-07-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Verband+Deutscher+Maschinen-+und+Anlagenbau&rft.atitle=EN+1143-1%2C+EN+1143-2+and+EN+14450&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vdma.org%2Fen%2Fv2viewer%2F-%2Fv2article%2Frender%2F16111684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klsecurity.com/ul_fire_rating.htm">"UL Fire Rating"</a>. <i>www.klsecurity.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.klsecurity.com&rft.atitle=UL+Fire+Rating&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.klsecurity.com%2Ful_fire_rating.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsage2018" class="citation web cs1">sage (2018-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesage.com/new-ul-rsc-level-ii-burglary-safe-rating/">"Understanding the New UL RSC Level II Burglary Safe Rating"</a>. <i>Antique Sage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antique+Sage&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+New+UL+RSC+Level+II+Burglary+Safe+Rating&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.au=sage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquesage.com%2Fnew-ul-rsc-level-ii-burglary-safe-rating%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OtbGUbeM860"><i>Meilink TL30 Safe Burglary Test at UL</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meilink+TL30+Safe+Burglary+Test+at+UL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DOtbGUbeM860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=1037">"UL 1037: Standard for Antitheft Alarms and Devices"</a>. Underwriters Limited. 1999-02-24. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160731011412/http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=1037">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UL+1037%3A+Standard+for+Antitheft+Alarms+and+Devices&rft.pub=Underwriters+Limited&rft.date=1999-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fulstandards.ul.com%2Fstandard%2F%3Fid%3D1037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFsage2018" class="citation web cs1">sage (2018-09-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.antiquesage.com/new-ul-rsc-level-ii-burglary-safe-rating/">"Understanding the New UL RSC Level II Burglary Safe Rating"</a>. <i>Antique Sage</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antique+Sage&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+New+UL+RSC+Level+II+Burglary+Safe+Rating&rft.date=2018-09-11&rft.au=sage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiquesage.com%2Fnew-ul-rsc-level-ii-burglary-safe-rating%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ul.com/news/residential-security-container-standard-revised">"Residential Security Container Standard Revised"</a>. <i>UL Solutions</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UL+Solutions&rft.atitle=Residential+Security+Container+Standard+Revised&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ul.com%2Fnews%2Fresidential-security-container-standard-revised&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=687&edition=15">"UL 687: Standard for Burglary-Resistant Safes"</a>. Underwriters Limited. 2011-07-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818004547/http://ulstandards.ul.com/standard/?id=687&edition=15">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UL+687%3A+Standard+for+Burglary-Resistant+Safes&rft.pub=Underwriters+Limited&rft.date=2011-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fulstandards.ul.com%2Fstandard%2F%3Fid%3D687%26edition%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.klsecurity.com/ul_687_burglary_safe">"UL 687 Burglary Safe"</a>. <i>www.klsecurity.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.klsecurity.com&rft.atitle=UL+687+Burglary+Safe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.klsecurity.com%2Ful_687_burglary_safe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalazar2020" class="citation web cs1">Salazar, Diet (2020-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engineerwarehouse.com/blogs/everything-you-need-to-know/safes">"Safes: Everything You Need to Know"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200630155631/https://engineerwarehouse.com/blogs/everything-you-need-to-know/safes">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Safes%3A+Everything+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.aulast=Salazar&rft.aufirst=Diet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fengineerwarehouse.com%2Fblogs%2Feverything-you-need-to-know%2Fsafes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">EN 1143-1:2012, clause 7.2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:37187,6244&cs=158BC14FA8F8910C174293AB56BC1F145">"CEN"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021042045/https://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT,FSP_ORG_ID:37187,6244&cs=158BC14FA8F8910C174293AB56BC1F145">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.cen.eu%2Fdyn%2Fwww%2Ff%3Fp%3D204%3A110%3A0%3A%3A%3A%3AFSP_PROJECT%2CFSP_ORG_ID%3A37187%2C6244%26cs%3D158BC14FA8F8910C174293AB56BC1F145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21201&cs=18BEEC0E76328F97F3DE704FA9BB37D8F">"CEN"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145537/http://standards.cen.eu/dyn/www/f?p=204:110:0::::FSP_PROJECT:21201&cs=18BEEC0E76328F97F3DE704FA9BB37D8F">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstandards.cen.eu%2Fdyn%2Fwww%2Ff%3Fp%3D204%3A110%3A0%3A%3A%3A%3AFSP_PROJECT%3A21201%26cs%3D18BEEC0E76328F97F3DE704FA9BB37D8F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sis.vdma.org/en/article/-/articleview/646587">"EN 1047-1, EN 1047-2 and EN 15659"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413145453/http://sis.vdma.org/en/article/-/articleview/646587">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EN+1047-1%2C+EN+1047-2+and+EN+15659&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsis.vdma.org%2Fen%2Farticle%2F-%2Farticleview%2F646587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Locks, Safes, and Security: An International Police Reference</i>, published by Charles Thomas Publishers, Springfield, Illinois, United States. (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-398-07079-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-398-07079-2">0-398-07079-2</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks 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title="Axe-monies">Axe-money</a> (W. Mesoamerica & N. Andes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa bean</a> (Mesoamerica)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koku" title="Koku">Koku</a> (rice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manilla_(money)" title="Manilla (money)">Manilla</a> (W. 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(Tibet, China)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Representative_money" title="Representative money">Representative money</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">Bimetallism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_certificate_(United_States)" title="Gold certificate (United States)">Gold certificates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Bills_and_coins.svg/32px-Bills_and_coins.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" 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title="Central bank digital currency">Central bank digital currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">Chattel/movable property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">Cheque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clearing_(finance)" title="Clearing (finance)">Clearing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheque_clearing" title="Cheque clearing">Cheque clearing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_tablet" title="Clay tablet">Clay token</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currency" title="Currency">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_(finance)" title="Deposit (finance)">Deposit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deposit_account" title="Deposit account">Deposit account</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">Legal tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notary" title="Notary">Notary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possession_(law)" title="Possession (law)">Possession</a></li> <li><a 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<li><a href="/wiki/Savings_bank" title="Savings bank">Savings bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depository_institution" title="Depository institution">Depository institution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_(facility)" title="Mint (facility)">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">Akkadian standards of measurement</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2150 BC</span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi" title="Code of Hammurabi">Code of Hammurabi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Banker_(ancient)" title="Banker (ancient)">§100; §122–125</a>; c. 1750 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallism" title="Metallism">Commodity theory of money (Metallism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_theory_of_money" title="Credit theory of money">Credit theory of money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chartalism" title="Chartalism">Chartalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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