Pre-OS Boot: Component Firmware, Sub-technique T1542.002 - Enterprise

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More details about tickets and our CFP can be found <a href='https://na.eventscloud.com/attackcon6'>here</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/T1542">Pre-OS Boot</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Component Firmware</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> <span id="subtechnique-parent-name">Pre-OS Boot:</span> Component Firmware </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Other sub-techniques of Pre-OS Boot (5)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.001"> T1542.001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.001"> System Firmware </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="active"> T1542.002 </td> <td class="active"> Component Firmware </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.003"> T1542.003 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/003/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.003"> Bootkit </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.004"> T1542.004 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.004"> ROMMONkit </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/005/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.005"> T1542.005 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1542/005/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1542.005"> TFTP Boot </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may modify component firmware to persist on systems. Some adversaries may employ sophisticated means to compromise computer components and install malicious firmware that will execute adversary code outside of the operating system and main system firmware or BIOS. This technique may be similar to <a href="/techniques/T1542/001">System Firmware</a> but conducted upon other system components/devices that may not have the same capability or level of integrity checking.</p><p>Malicious component firmware could provide both a persistent level of access to systems despite potential typical failures to maintain access and hard disk re-images, as well as a way to evade host software-based defenses and integrity checks.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1542.002 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of: </span> <a href="/techniques/T1542">T1542</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactics:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0003">Persistence</a>, <a href="/tactics/TA0005">Defense Evasion</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Linux, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="Additional information on requirements the adversary needs to meet or about the state of the system (software, patch level, etc.) that may be required for the (sub-)technique to work">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">System Requirements: </span>Ability to update component device firmware from the host operating system. </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The lowest level of permissions the adversary is required to be operating within to perform the (sub-)technique on a system">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Permissions Required: </span>SYSTEM </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="If the (sub-)technique can be used to bypass or evade a particular defensive tool, methodology, or process">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Defense Bypassed: </span>Anti-virus, File monitoring, Host intrusion prevention systems </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>19 December 2019 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>01 April 2022 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1542.002" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1542/002/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1542.002" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1542/002/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0687"> S0687 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0687"> Cyclops Blink </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0687">Cyclops Blink</a> has maintained persistence by patching legitimate device firmware when it is downloaded, including that of WatchGuard devices.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="NCSC. (2022, February 23). Cyclops Blink Malware Analysis Report. Retrieved March 3, 2022."data-reference="NCSC Cyclops Blink February 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Cyclops-Blink-Malware-Analysis-Report.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0020"> G0020 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0020"> Equation </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0020">Equation</a> is known to have the capability to overwrite the firmware on hard drives from some manufacturers.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015."data-reference="Kaspersky Equation QA"><sup><a href="https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1051"> M1051 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1051"> Update Software </a> </td> <td> <p>Perform regular firmware updates to mitigate risks of exploitation and/or abuse.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0027"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0027">DS0027</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0027">Driver</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0027/#Driver%20Metadata">Driver Metadata</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for unexpected disk partition table entries, or blocks of otherwise unusual memory that warrant deeper investigation</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0001"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0001">DS0001</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0001">Firmware</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0001/#Firmware%20Modification">Firmware Modification</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for changes that may reveal indicators of malicious firmware such as strings. Also consider comparing components, including hashes of component firmware and behavior, against known good images.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0009"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">DS0009</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">Process</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009/#OS%20API%20Execution">OS API Execution</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for API calls associated with the use of device drivers and/or provided by SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" data-reference="SanDisk SMART"title="SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018."><sup>[3]</sup></span> <span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. Retrieved October 2, 2018."data-reference="SmartMontools"><sup><a href="https://www.smartmontools.org/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span> disk monitoring may reveal malicious manipulations of components. Otherwise, this technique may be difficult to detect since malicious activity is taking place on system components possibly outside the purview of OS security and integrity mechanisms.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://www.ncsc.gov.uk/files/Cyclops-Blink-Malware-Analysis-Report.pdf" target="_blank"> NCSC. (2022, February 23). Cyclops Blink Malware Analysis Report. Retrieved March 3, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2018/03/08064459/Equation_group_questions_and_answers.pdf" target="_blank"> Kaspersky Lab's Global Research and Analysis Team. (2015, February). Equation Group: Questions and Answers. Retrieved December 21, 2015. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="3.0"> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text">SanDisk. (n.d.). Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.). Retrieved October 2, 2018.</span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.smartmontools.org/" target="_blank"> smartmontools. (n.d.). smartmontools. 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Pre-OS Boot: Component Firmware, Sub-technique T1542.002 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®