Fluorescent Dyes | Fluorescent Stains

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They offer improved signal-to-noise in spatial biology applications: ISH, IHC and ICC. TSA Vivid dyes are optimized for use with the <a href="/search?search_type=products&keywords=+RNAscope+Multiplex+Fluorescent+v2+Assay">RNAscope™ Multiplex Fluorescent v2 Assay</a>.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/search?keywords=tsa%20vivid" > Learn More About Our TSA Vivid™ Fluorophore Kits </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/search?search_type=products&keywords=spontaneous%20blinking" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/janelia-fluor-646b-v2.jpg" alt="SMLM RNA-FISH imaging showing mouse embryo fibroblasts labelled with Janelia Fluor® 646b, NHS ester" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/search?search_type=products&keywords=spontaneous%20blinking" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div><h3>Spontaneously Blinking Janelia Fluor® Dyes</h3></div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Spontaneously Blinking Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> Dyes are ideal for single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM).</p><p>These Janelia Fluor<sup>®</sup> dyes have a duty cycle optimized for<a href="/applications/imaging/super-resolution-microscopy"> super-resolution microscopy</a> experiments.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/search?search_type=products&keywords=spontaneous%20blinking" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/mitobrilliant-dyes" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/mitobrilliant_live_549.jpg" alt="Bright blue and orange mitochondria stained with MitoBrilliant, a fluorescent probe that harnesses Janelia Fluor dye technology" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/mitobrilliant-dyes" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div><h3>MitoBrilliant™</h3></div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>MitoBrilliant probes are next-generation fluorescent stains for the localization and tracking of mitochondria in both live- and fixed-cells. The MitoBrilliant range harnesses <a href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/fluorescent-dyes/janelia-fluor">Janelia Fluor<sup>® </sup>dye</a> technology, conferring some of the beneficial properties that make these dyes so useful, into mitochondrial stains.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/mitobrilliant-dyes" > View Exclusive MitoBrilliant products </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-text-to-media mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_header_2_global"> <div><h3><a name="Fluorescent Dyes"></a>Fluorescent Dyes</h3></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><p>Our ready-to-conjugate dyes range from traditional small organic dyes to exclusive new technology, providing scientists with a full spectrum of choices for biomolecule conjugation and application. Learn more about the full range of fluorescent dyes available from Tocris. </p></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_call_to_action_global"> <a href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/fluorescent-dyes" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> Discover our Fluorescent Dyes </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_indv_media"> <div> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/fluorescent-dyes" title="Discover our Fluorescent Dyes" target="_self" > <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/application_of_janelia_fluor_dyes.jpg" alt="Brilliant blue pig cardiomyocytes collagen lit up with Janelia Fluor Dye 549" loading="lazy" > </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-media-to-text mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_indv_media"> <div> <a href="https://www.bio-techne.com/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/fluorescent-probes-stains" title="View our Fluorescent Probes and Stains" > <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/dye_labelled_cos7_cells.jpg" alt="COS7 cells showing up in vibrant red and orange colors from Bio-Techne’s Taxol Janelia Fluor 646 fluorescent dye" loading="lazy" > </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_header_2_global"> <div><h3><a name="Fluorescent Probes and Stains"></a>Fluorescent Probes and Stains</h3></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><p><a href="https://www.tocris.com/product-type/fluorescent-probes" target="_blank">Fluorescent probes and stains</a> enable visualization and study of cellular and subcellular components. They can either function as specific markers for single molecules, organelles, or cells, or can monitor environmental factors such as pH or polarity.  Learn more about the full range of fluorescent probes and stains available from Tocris. </p></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_call_to_action_global"> <a href="/reagents/fluorescent-dyes-probes/fluorescent-probes-stains" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> View our Fluorescent Probes and Stains </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <section class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-width-banner-with-image mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph-background-color--dark"> <div class="banner_background_image" data-bgimage="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/obt-fluorokines-banner-gradient-background-1100x340.jpg" style="background-repeat: no-repeat;"> <div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-media-to-text mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_indv_media"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/obt-fluorokines-hero-solo-480x480-v3.png" alt="Detailed 3D protein labeled with Fluorekines demonstrating detection of target molecules by Flow Cytometry" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_header_2_global"> <div><h2>Fluorokines<sup>TM</sup> Fluorescent-Labeled Recombinant Proteins<h2></h2></h2></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><h2>A Direct Way to Detect Target Molecules by Flow Cytometry</h2></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_media_to_text:field_call_to_action_global"> <a href="/research-products/reagents-kits/proteins/fluorokines-fluorescent-labeled-proteins" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--header"> <div> <div><h2><a name="Applications"></a>Applications</h2></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--card-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default card-para-default"> <div class="row card_row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/methods/flow-cytometry" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img loading="lazy" class="card-background-image card-img-top" src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/flow-cytometry-handbook-teaser-bg.jpg" /> </div> <div class="card-foreground-image"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/flow-cytometry-handbook-teaser-solo.png" alt="Single cell suspended in a population of cells" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/methods/flow-cytometry" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Flow Cytometry</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p><a href="/methods/flow-cytometry">Flow Cytometry</a> is a laser-based technique that allows rapid multiparametric analysis of cell populations in a single cell suspension. Bio-Techne offers a broad-spectrum of antibodies and additional reagents and tools to streamline your flow cytometry experiments.  </p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/methods/flow-cytometry" > Learn More About Flow Cytometry </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/methods/super-resolution-microscopy" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/application_of_janelia_fluor_dyes_549.jpg" alt="Bright pink pig cardiomyocytes in super resolution utilizing Janelia Fluor 549 fluorescent dye" loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/methods/super-resolution-microscopy" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Super-Resolution Microscopy</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p>Access far greater resolution images compared to traditional light microscopy with our fluorescent dyes compatible with <a href="/methods/super-resolution-microscopy">Super-Resolution Microscopy</a> (SRM) techniques such as STED, STORM, dSTORM, PALM and FPALM.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/methods/super-resolution-microscopy" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="h-100"> <div class="bg-white border rounded flex-column d-flex h-100"> <a href="/methods/immunohistochemistry" > <div class="teaser-card-image-crop mb-3"> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/bt-ihc-immunohistochemistry.jpg" alt="Microscopic image of tissue sections using immunohistochemistry technique." loading="lazy" > </div> </a> <a class="card_title_link" href="/methods/immunohistochemistry" > <h3 class="card_title_htag"> <div>Immunohistochemistry (IHC)</div> </h3> </a> <div class="card_description flex-grow-1"> <div><p><a href="/methods/immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a> (IHC) is an antibody-based technique that detects antigens of interest in fixed tissue sections, visualized by light or fluorescence microscopy. Bio-Techne offers a complete line of high-quality IHC products, including antibodies, detection reagents, tissue samples and controls.</p></div> </div> <div class="card-bottom-link"> <div> <a href="/methods/immunohistochemistry" > Learn More </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default mb-4"> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--header"> <div> <div><h2><a name="Related Categories"></a>Related Categories</h2></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-antibodies8" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>Antibodies</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-antibodies8" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p><a href="/reagents/antibodies">Antibodies</a> are essential tools for biomedical research as they allow researchers to identify specific proteins or molecules. Our catalog of over 425,000 antibodies from our R&D Systems™ and Novus Biologicals™ brands have been validated for specificity and reproducibility<strong> </strong>in over 25 species for more than 15 applications, ensuring that you will find one for your research needs.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-aptamer-based-rna-imaging20" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>Aptamer-based RNA Imaging</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-aptamer-based-rna-imaging20" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p><a href="/search?keywords=Aptamer-based%20RNA%20Imaging">Fluorescent light-up aptamers </a>(FLAPs) or Light-up RNA aptamers are genetically engineered RNA sequences designed to bind to specific fluorogenic dyes with high affinity. The fluorogenic dyes light-up only when bound to a light-up aptamer, so fluorescence can be ‘switched-on’ upon RNA expression. We offer a large selection of fluorogens for popular light-up aptamers such as Spinach, Mango, Corn, Broccoli and more.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-bioluminescent-substrates12" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>Bioluminescent Substrates</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-bioluminescent-substrates12" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p><a href="/search?keywords=Bioluminescent%20Substrates">Bioluminescent Substrates</a> are used in bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to monitor biological processes <em>in vitro </em>and <em>in vivo</em>. Red-shifted analogues of luciferin, together with modified luciferase enzymes, allow improved BLI performance for deep tissue imaging and <em>in vivo</em> applications. Discover our Bioluminescent Substrates range.</p> <p> </p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-fluorescent-probes-for-imaging-bacteria25" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Bacteria</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-fluorescent-probes-for-imaging-bacteria25" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p><a href="/search?keywords=Fluorescent%20Probes%20for%20Imaging%20Bacteria">Fluorescent probes for imaging bacteria</a> are useful for advancing bacterial research and antibiotic design. The strategy for fluorescent probes detecting bacteria is to target bacterial surfaces, cell walls, proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes. One such category of probes is Fluorescent D-amino acids (FDAAs) which incorporates into the peptidoglycan (PG) component of cell walls in live bacteria enabling visualization of bacterial growth.</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <section class="paragraph paragraph--type--full-width-banner-with-image mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default paragraph-background-color--dark"> <div class="banner_background_image" data-bgimage="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/banners/bt-hero-gradient-research-areas1.png" style="background-repeat: no-repeat;"> <div> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-text-to-media mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_header_2_global"> <div><h2>Spectra Viewer<h2></h2></h2></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_lg_sngl_frmtd_text_global"> <div><p>Use our spectra viewer to interactively plan your experiments,  assessing multiplexing options. View the excitation and emission spectra for our fluorescent dye range and other commonly used dyes.</p></div> </div> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_call_to_action_global"> <a href="/resources/spectra-viewer" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> View Excitation & Emission Spectra </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region layout__region--second"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> <div class="field_block:paragraph:2_2_text_to_media:field_indv_media"> <div> <img src="https://resources.bio-techne.com/bio-techne-assets/images/research-areas/Spectra-Viewer-dark-1200.png" alt="Spectra Viewer" loading="lazy" > </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--section paragraph--view-mode--default mb-4"> <div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--header"> <div> <div><h2><a name="Background Information"><a>Background Information</a></a></h2></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-what-is-fluorescence11" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>What is Fluorescence?</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-what-is-fluorescence11" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p>Fluorescence is the emission of light after a substance (fluorophore) absorbs radiation at a given wavelength (the absorption: Abs) and emits light radiation at a higher wavelength (the emission: Em). The maximum absorption and emission wavelengths of a fluorophore are denoted (λ<sub>Abs</sub> and λ<sub>Em</sub>) and are expressed in nanometres (nm).</p> <p>Important characteristics for fluorophores:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Stokes shift</strong> is the difference between the maximum absorption and maximum emission wavelengths.</li> <li><strong>Fluorescence lifetime </strong>is the duration a fluorescent compound spends in the excited state before returning to the ground state by emitting a photon.</li> <li><strong>Quantum yield (</strong><strong>φ</strong><strong>) </strong>is<strong> </strong>the ratio of the number of photons emitted to the number of photons absorbed, indicating the efficiency of the fluorescence process.</li> <li><strong>Extinction coefficient (</strong><strong>ε)</strong> determines how strongly a fluorophore absorbs or reflects radiation or light at a particular wavelength.</li> </ul> <p>The overall brightness of a fluorophore is equal to the multiplication of <strong>(</strong><strong>ε)</strong> by <strong>(</strong><strong>φ</strong><strong>).</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Factors that influence fluorescence emission or detection:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Quenching</strong> of fluorescence decreases the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent molecules and can be caused by molecular rearrangements, energy transfer, collisional quenching, and excited state reactions.</li> <li><strong>Photo bleaching </strong>is when a fluorophore permanently loses its ability to fluoresce due to damage induced by illumination.</li> <li><strong>Background fluorescence </strong>decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces assay sensitivity. Causes of background fluorescence include sample autofluorescence and excess fluorophore that is not localized to a specific target (or is bound non-specifically).</li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph accordion mb-4 paragraph--type--extendable-paragraph paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="card-header rounded-top bg-white"> <a class="collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" href="#expPara-choosing-the-right-fluorophore10" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <h5>Choosing the Right Fluorophore</h5> </a> </div> <div class="collapse" id="expPara-choosing-the-right-fluorophore10" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="expPara"> <div class="card-body p-4"> <br/> <div><p>The most appropriate choice of fluorophore is dependent on the specific experiment being performed. Here are some guiding principles that can be generally applied:</p> <ul> <li>Excitation and emission properties should be compatible with the laser and filter setting of your instrument</li> <li>Extinction coefficient at the excitation wavelength should be as high as possible</li> <li>Quantum yield should be as high as possible</li> <li>Live/dead cell permeability</li> <li>Background caused by unspecific binding</li> <li>Photostability of the fluorophore</li> </ul></div> <a href="/search?keywords=fluorescent&brand=tocris" class="btn btn-primary" type="link"> View our Fluorophore Products </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--_-2-media-to-text mb-4 paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="container-fluid container-wide"> <div class="layout layout--twocol-section layout--twocol-section--50-50"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--first"> <div class="hero-content-wrap"> </div> </div> <div class="layout__region 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