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data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python" title="Python – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Python" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%94_2" title="פייתון/פייתון גרסה 2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פייתון/פייתון גרסה 2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python" title="Python – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Python" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikibooks.org/wiki/Python" title="Python – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Python" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programmeren_in_Python" title="Programmeren in Python – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Programmeren in Python" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Zanurkuj_w_Pythonie" title="Zanurkuj w Pythonie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zanurkuj w Pythonie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed"><img alt="75% developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/24px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/36px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/48px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikibooks, open books for an open world</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>This book describes Python, an open-source general-purpose interpreted programming language available for the most popular operating systems. The current versions are 3.x while versions 2.x are no longer supported, since 2020. This book describes primarily the versions 3.x, but does at times reference versions 2.x. </p><p>There are a few implementations for Python 3 (and older): the standard implementation written in C, and PyPy, a JIT-compiled version written in RPython - a subset of Python. For Python 2 only there are Jython written in Java and IronPython written in C# for the .NET environment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contents" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Contents"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:250px;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px;"> </td> <td style="width:385px;"> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input 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float:right; clear:right; margin:0px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"><td style="padding:0.1em; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:45px; border:none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/40px-Printer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/60px-Printer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/80px-Printer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td> <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;"> <p>A <i><b><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Print_version" title="Python Programming/Print version">printable version</a></b></i> of Python Programming is available. <small> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming/Print_version&action=edit&preload=Template%3APrint+version%2FPreload">edit it</a>)</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks noprint messagebox growth" style="width:250px; float:right; clear:right; margin:0px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"><td style="padding:0.1em; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:45px; border:none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg/40px-Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg/80px-Gnome-mime-application-pdf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></td> <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;"> <p>A <i><b><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Python_Programming.pdf" class="internal" title="Python Programming.pdf">PDF version</a></b></i> is available. <small> (<a href="/wiki/File:Python_Programming.pdf" title="File:Python Programming.pdf">info</a>) </small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks noprint messagebox growth" style="width:250px; float:right; clear:right; margin:0px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"><td style="padding:0.1em; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:45px; border:none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ebook_reader_icon.png/40px-Ebook_reader_icon.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ebook_reader_icon.png/60px-Ebook_reader_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ebook_reader_icon.png/80px-Ebook_reader_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></td> <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;"> <p>An <i><b><a href="/wiki/File:Python_Programming_eBook_Reader.pdf" title="File:Python Programming eBook Reader.pdf">E-Book Reader optimized PDF Version</a></b></i> is available. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Overview" title="Python Programming/Overview">Overview</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Getting_Python" title="Python Programming/Getting Python">Getting Python</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Development_Environments" title="Python Programming/Development Environments">Development Environments</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Feb 13, 2007"><img alt="25% developed  as of Feb 13, 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Interactive_mode" title="Python Programming/Interactive mode">Interactive mode</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Self_Help" title="Python Programming/Self Help">Self Help</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Dec 15, 2008"><img alt="25% developed  as of Dec 15, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basics">Basics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Basics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Basics"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Creating_Python_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Python Programming/Creating Python programs">Creating Python programs</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Variables_and_Strings" title="Python Programming/Variables and Strings">Variables and Strings</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Aug 7, 2007"><img alt="100% developed  as of Aug 7, 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Basic_syntax" class="mw-redirect" title="Python Programming/Basic syntax">Basic syntax</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Sequences" title="Python Programming/Sequences">Sequences</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 10, 2010"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 10, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> (Strings, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Data_types" class="mw-redirect" title="Python Programming/Data types">Data types</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Numbers" title="Python Programming/Numbers">Numbers</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Strings" title="Python Programming/Strings">Strings</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Lists" title="Python Programming/Lists">Lists</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Tuples" title="Python Programming/Tuples">Tuples</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Dictionaries" title="Python Programming/Dictionaries">Dictionaries</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Sets" title="Python Programming/Sets">Sets</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Basic_Math" title="Python Programming/Basic Math">Basic Math</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Mar 19, 2007"><img alt="50% developed  as of Mar 19, 2007" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> -- redundant to "Operators"</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Operators" title="Python Programming/Operators">Operators</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Control_Flow" title="Python Programming/Control Flow">Control Flow</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Decision_Control" title="Python Programming/Decision Control">Decision Control</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Dec 1, 2008"><img alt="100% developed  as of Dec 1, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Conditional_Statements" title="Python Programming/Conditional Statements">Conditional Statements</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Dec 1, 2008"><img alt="100% developed  as of Dec 1, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Loops" title="Python Programming/Loops">Loops</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Mar 27, 2009"><img alt="50% developed  as of Mar 27, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Functions" title="Python Programming/Functions">Functions</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Scoping" title="Python Programming/Scoping">Scoping</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Input_and_Output" title="Python Programming/Input and Output">Input and Output</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Files" title="Python Programming/Files">Files</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="50% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Modules" title="Python Programming/Modules">Modules</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Classes" title="Python Programming/Classes">Classes</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" 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height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/14px-00_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/18px-00_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Package_management" title="Python Programming/Package management">Package management</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Python_2_vs._Python_3" title="Python Programming/Python 2 vs. Python 3">Python 2 vs. Python 3</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advanced">Advanced</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Advanced" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&action=edit&section=4" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of April 10, 2014"><img alt="50% developed  as of April 10, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Reflection" title="Python Programming/Reflection">Reflection</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of April 10, 2014"><img alt="25% developed  as of April 10, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Metaclasses" title="Python Programming/Metaclasses">Metaclasses</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Performance" title="Python Programming/Performance">Performance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/PyPy" title="Python Programming/PyPy">PyPy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Cython" title="Python Programming/Cython">Cython</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Command-line_one-liners" title="Python Programming/Command-line one-liners">Command-line one-liners</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Tips_and_Tricks" title="Python Programming/Tips and Tricks">Tips and Tricks</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modules">Modules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modules" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Modules"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standard_library_modules">Standard library modules</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Standard library modules" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Python_Programming&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Standard library modules"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Standard_Library" title="Python Programming/Standard Library">Standard Library</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed  as of Feb 10, 2009"><img alt="0% developed  as of Feb 10, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/9px-00_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/14px-00_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/18px-00_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Regular_Expression" title="Python Programming/Regular Expression">Regular Expression</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="75% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/External_commands" title="Python Programming/External commands">External commands</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/XML_Tools" title="Python Programming/XML Tools">XML Tools</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010"><img alt="25% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Email" title="Python Programming/Email">Email</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Feb 21, 2009"><img alt="25% developed  as of Feb 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Threading" title="Python Programming/Threading">Threading</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="25% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Sockets" title="Python Programming/Sockets">Sockets</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="25% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010"><img alt="25% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/9px-25_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/14px-25_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/25_percent.svg/18px-25_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/GUI_Programming" title="Python Programming/GUI Programming">GUI Programming</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010"><img alt="50% developed  as of Aug 9, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Tkinter" title="Python Programming/Tkinter">Tkinter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/CGI_interface" title="Python Programming/CGI interface">CGI interface</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Aug 15, 2014"><img alt="50% developed  as of Aug 15, 2014" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/WSGI_web_programming" title="Python Programming/WSGI web programming">WSGI web programming</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="0% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/9px-00_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/14px-00_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/00_percent.svg/18px-00_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Internet" title="Python Programming/Internet">Internet</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed  as of Feb 10, 2009"><img alt="75% developed  as of Feb 10, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Python_Programming/Networks" title="Python Programming/Networks">Networks</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="0% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006"><img alt="0% developed  as of Aug 6, 2006" 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