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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jacob Collamer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جیکوب کولمار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیکوب کولمار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacob Collamer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="ג'ייקוב קולמר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ייקוב קולמר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Collamer" title="Jacob Collamer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jacob Collamer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="چاكوب كولامير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چاكوب كولامير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American lawyer and politician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Jacob Collamer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JCollamer2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/JCollamer2.jpg/220px-JCollamer2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/JCollamer2.jpg/330px-JCollamer2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/JCollamer2.jpg/440px-JCollamer2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="724" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1855 – November 9, 1865</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Lawrence Brainerd</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Luke_P._Poland" title="Luke P. Poland">Luke P. Poland</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Judge of the Vermont Circuit Court</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1850–1854</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Seat established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abel_Underwood" title="Abel Underwood">Abel Underwood</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">13th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 8, 1849 – July 22, 1850</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cave_Johnson" title="Cave Johnson">Cave Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Nathan K. Hall</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>'s <span data-sort-value="Vermont02 !"><a href="/wiki/Vermont%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Vermont's 2nd congressional district">2nd</a></span> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">William Slade</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hebard" title="William Hebard">William Hebard</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="List of justices of the Vermont Supreme Court">Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1833–1842</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Baylies" title="Nicholas Baylies">Nicholas Baylies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Hebard" title="William Hebard">William Hebard</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State%27s_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="State's Attorney">State's Attorney</a> of <a href="/wiki/Windsor_County,_Vermont" title="Windsor County, Vermont">Windsor County</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1820–1824</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Asa_Aikens" title="Asa Aikens">Asa Aikens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Isaac Cushman</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1791-01-08</span>)</span>January 8, 1791<br /><a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 9, 1865<span style="display:none">(1865-11-09)</span> (aged 74)<br /><a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Vermont" title="Woodstock, Vermont">Woodstock, Vermont</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Before 1854)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1854–1865)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Stone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">AM</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Army_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Army National Guard">Vermont Militia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1812–1815</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#U.S._Army,_U.S._Marine_Corps_and_U.S._Air_Force" title="First lieutenant">First Lieutenant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data">4th Regiment, Vermont Detached Militia Brigade<br />2nd Brigade, 4th Division</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jacob Collamer</b> (January 8, 1791 – November 9, 1865) was an <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">American</a> politician from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, as <a href="/wiki/US_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="US Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> in the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>, and as a U.S. Senator. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy, New York</a>, and raised in <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a>, Collamer graduated from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. After service in the militia during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, he became active as an attorney, first in <a href="/wiki/Royalton,_Vermont" title="Royalton, Vermont">Royalton</a>, and then in <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Vermont" title="Woodstock, Vermont">Woodstock</a>. Highly regarded in the legal profession, he became a respected prosecutor, legislator, and judge. </p><p>Elected to the House of Representatives in 1842, Collamer became a prominent <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a> leader and advocate of the anti-slavery cause. President Taylor selected Collamer to serve as Postmaster General following <a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">the 1848 presidential election</a>. Collamer served until shortly after Taylor's death when he resigned to allow Taylor's successor, <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a>, to name his own appointee. </p><p>Collamer was elected to the Senate as a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> in 1855, shortly after the formation of the new party. He became a respected voice against slavery and a prominent supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln administration">Lincoln administration</a> during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. An advocate of more stringent postwar <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> measures than those that were favored by Lincoln and his successor, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, Collamer advocated congressional control of the Reconstruction process. He died in Woodstock and was buried at River Street Cemetery in Woodstock. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jacob Collamer was born in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> on January 8, 1791, the son of Samuel Collamer and Elizabeth (Van Arnum) Collamer, and his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Vermont" title="Burlington, Vermont">Burlington, Vermont</a> in 1795.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> in 1810,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after additional study, UVM later upgraded Collamer's degree to <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">studied law</a> in <a href="/wiki/St._Albans_(town),_Vermont" title="St. Albans (town), Vermont">St. Albans, Vermont</a> with <a href="/wiki/Asa_Aldis" title="Asa Aldis">Asa Aldis</a>, Asahel Langworthy, and <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Swift" title="Benjamin Swift">Benjamin Swift</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then relocated to <a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Vermont" title="Randolph, Vermont">Randolph, Vermont</a>, where he completed his legal studies with attorney William Nutting,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_bar_in_the_United_States" title="Admission to the bar in the United States">admitted to the bar</a> in 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, Collamer was appointed a deputy U.S. tax collector for the district that included <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_Vermont" title="Orange County, Vermont">Orange County, Vermont</a>, and was responsible for collecting levies in support of the war effort.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_service">Military service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He served as an officer in a <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Army_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermont Army National Guard">Vermont Militia</a> unit during the War of 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Appointed as an <a href="/wiki/Second_lieutenant#United_States" title="Second lieutenant">ensign</a> in the 4th Regiment commanded by William Williams,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he served first with an artillery unit on Vermont's border with <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After promotion to <a href="/wiki/First_lieutenant#U.S._Army,_U.S._Marine_Corps_and_U.S._Air_Force" title="First lieutenant">first lieutenant</a>, Collamer served as <a href="/wiki/Aide-de-camp#United_States" title="Aide-de-camp">aide-de-camp</a> to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brigadier General</a> John French, commander of the militia's 2nd Brigade, 4th Division.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French's unit left Orange County for upstate New York in September 1814 in response to warnings of an imminent <a href="/wiki/British_Army_during_the_Napoleonic_Wars#War_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="British Army during the Napoleonic Wars">British invasion</a> from <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the brigade was crossing <a href="/wiki/Lake_Champlain" title="Lake Champlain">Lake Champlain</a> en route to <a href="/wiki/Plattsburgh_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Plattsburgh (city), New York">Plattsburgh</a>, Collamer was sent ahead in a boat to inform Vermont Militia commander Samuel Strong that French's troops were on their way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collamer was fired on by American sentinels, but was uninjured.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong informed Collamer that the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plattsburgh" title="Battle of Plattsburgh">Battle of Plattsburgh</a> had taken place the day before, and the British had retreated, so French's troops returned home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1816, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Royalton,_Vermont" title="Royalton, Vermont">Royalton, Vermont</a>, where he continued to practice law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained a resident of Royalton for 20 years, practicing law in partnership with <a href="/wiki/James_Barrett_(Vermont_judge)" title="James Barrett (Vermont judge)">James Barrett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the prospective attorneys who <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">studied law</a> under his supervision was <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Gibbons" title="Lyman Gibbons">Lyman Gibbons</a>, who later served as a justice of the <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Supreme Court">Alabama Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collamer also served in local offices, including Register of <a href="/wiki/Probate_court" title="Probate court">Probate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsor_County,_Vermont" title="Windsor County, Vermont">Windsor County</a> <a href="/wiki/State%27s_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="State's attorney">State's Attorney</a>, and member of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4–5_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4–5-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While serving in the House, Collamer was the main proponent of the legislation that created the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Senate" title="Vermont Senate">Vermont Senate</a> in 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1833 to 1842 Collamer was an associate justice of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Supreme_Court" title="Vermont Supreme Court">Supreme Court of Vermont</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Baylies" title="Nicholas Baylies">Nicholas Baylies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1836 he moved to <a href="/wiki/Woodstock,_Vermont" title="Woodstock, Vermont">Woodstock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1839 to 1845 Collamer was a Trustee of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elected to the <a href="/wiki/US_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="US House of Representatives">US House of Representatives</a> in 1842 as a <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a>, Collamer served three terms, from 1843 to 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He opposed the extension of slavery, the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Annexation" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Annexation">Texas Annexation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a>; supported high tariffs to help American manufacturers and received national recognition for his "Wool and Woolens" speech on tariffs.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''13_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''13-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collamer was Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Manufactures" title="United States House Committee on Manufactures">Committee on Manufactures</a> (<a href="/wiki/28th_United_States_Congress" title="28th United States Congress">Twenty-eighth Congress</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Committee on Public Lands</a> (<a href="/wiki/30th_United_States_Congress" title="30th United States Congress">Thirtieth Congress</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''14_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''14-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postmaster_General">Postmaster General</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postmaster General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collamer served as <a href="/wiki/US_Postmaster_General" class="mw-redirect" title="US Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> under President <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>. Appointed at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Taylor_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor administration">Taylor's administration</a> in 1849, he served until resigning in July 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collamer resigned shortly after Taylor's death to enable President <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> to name his own appointee.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Postmaster General, Collamer was criticized by Whig partisans of the <a href="/wiki/Spoils_system" title="Spoils system">spoils system</a> because he was reluctant to remove local <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> postmasters <i><a href="/wiki/En_masse" class="mw-redirect" title="En masse">en masse</a></i> so they could be replaced by Whigs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among his accomplishments was the introduction of a permanent system for using <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">postage stamps</a>; Collamer sent the first letter using one, a note addressed to his brother in <a href="/wiki/Barre_(city),_Vermont" title="Barre (city), Vermont">Barre, Vermont</a> in which he recommended saving the stamp because if the system worked, it might be valuable to collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beyond_politics">Beyond politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Beyond politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon returning to Vermont, Collamer was appointed a judge of the newly created state Circuit Court, where he served until 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded on the bench by <a href="/wiki/Abel_Underwood" title="Abel Underwood">Abel Underwood</a>, who served until the state Circuit Court was abolished in an 1857 court reorganization.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collamer was a longtime trustee of and lecturer at the Vermont Medical College in Woodstock and served as President of the Board of Trustees.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senator">Senator</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Senator"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1855 Collamer was elected to the <a href="/wiki/US_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="US Senate">Senate</a> as a conservative, anti-slavery <a href="/wiki/US_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="US Republican Party">Republican</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his first term, Collamer was Chairman of the Committee on Engrossed Bills (<a href="/wiki/34th_United_States_Congress" title="34th United States Congress">Thirty-fourth Congress</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1856, Collamer received several votes for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1856_Republican_National_Convention" title="1856 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Senate, he defended his positions vigorously even when he was in the minority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''17_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''17-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Energy_and_Natural_Resources" title="United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources">Committee on Territories</a>, chaired by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a>, recommended passage of the <a href="/wiki/Crittenden_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Crittenden Amendment">Crittenden Amendment</a>, which proposed resubmitting for popular vote the pro-slavery <a href="/wiki/Lecompton_Constitution" title="Lecompton Constitution">Lecompton Constitution</a> for <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, Collamer and <a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">James R. Doolittle</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> refused to vote in favor but instead crafted a persuasive minority report explaining their opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''20_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''20-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collamer also represented the minority view in June 1860, when the select committee chaired by <a href="/wiki/James_Murray_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="James Murray Mason">James Murray Mason</a> issued its report on <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(abolitionist)" title="John Brown (abolitionist)">John Brown</a>'s raid on <a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Ferry" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper's Ferry">Harper's Ferry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mason argued that Brown's raid was the work of an organized abolitionist movement, which needed to be curtailed with federal authority.<sup id="cite_ref-wvculture.org_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvculture.org-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collamer and Doolittle countered that Brown and his followers had been caught and punished and that further government action was not necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-wvculture.org_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvculture.org-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collamer's years on the bench helped develop his reputation as the best lawyer in the Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His colleagues were known to pay close attention to his remarks on the Senate floor even though he spoke infrequently and even then too quietly to reach the entire chamber or the galleries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Charles Sumner</a> referred to Collamer as the "Green-Mountain <a href="/wiki/Socrates" title="Socrates">Socrates</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and called him the wisest and best balanced statesman of his time.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_War">Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/1860_Republican_National_Convention" title="1860 Republican National Convention">1860 Republican National Convention</a>, Collamer received the <a href="/wiki/Favorite_son" title="Favorite son">favorite son</a> votes of Vermont's delegates and withdrew after the first ballot.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reelected to the Senate in 1861, he served until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1861, Collamer authored the bill to invest the President with new war powers and give Congressional approval to the war measures that <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> had taken under his own authority at the start of his administration.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Collamer was the lead senator of the nine Republicans who visited Lincoln in 1862 to argue for change in the composition of his cabinet by persuading him to replace his <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Seward" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Seward">William Henry Seward</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having been encouraged to confront Lincoln by claims of cabinet disharmony from Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon_P._Chase" title="Salmon P. Chase">Salmon P. Chase</a>, the senators changed their minds during the meeting after Chase was maneuvered by Lincoln into backtracking on his initial argument.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Again a member of the majority once the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> from the southern states left the Senate during the war, Collamer was Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads (<a href="/wiki/37th_United_States_Congress" title="37th United States Congress">Thirty-seventh</a> to <a href="/wiki/39th_United_States_Congress" title="39th United States Congress">Thirty-ninth Congresses</a>) and the Committee on the Library (<a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">Thirty-eighth</a> and Thirty-ninth Congresses).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the war, Collamer opposed the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> of plans of Presidents Lincoln and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a> and was an advocate of Congressional control over the process of readmitting former <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> states to the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collamer died at his home in Woodstock on November 9, 1865<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried in Woodstock's River Street Cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collamer received the <a href="/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">honorary degree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Legum_Doctor" title="Legum Doctor">LL.D.</a> from the University of Vermont in 1850 and <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1855.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1881, the state of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> donated a <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Collamer_(Powers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob Collamer (Powers)">marble statue of Collamer</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Preston_Powers" title="Preston Powers">Preston Powers</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Vermonter'':_Jacob_Collamer238_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Vermonter'':_Jacob_Collamer238-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each state is represented by two statues, and Vermont's are likenesses of Collamer and <a href="/wiki/Ethan_Allen" title="Ethan Allen">Ethan Allen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1817, Collamer married Mary Stone, who died in 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their children included Elisabeth, Harriet, Mary, Edward, Ellen, Frances, and William.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England''26_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England''26-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Home">Home</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Home"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Collamer's home at 40 Elm Street in Woodstock is part of the <a href="/wiki/Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller_National_Historical_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park">Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historical Park</a>'s Civil War Home Front Walking Tour.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer" class="citation book cs1">Barrett, James (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memorialaddress01barrgoog"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>. Rutland, VT: Tuttle & Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/memorialaddress01barrgoog/page/n12">4</a>–14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorial+Address+on+the+Life+and+Character+of+the+Hon.+Jacob+Collamer&rft.place=Rutland%2C+VT&rft.pages=4-14&rft.pub=Tuttle+%26+Co.&rft.date=1868&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmemorialaddress01barrgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/355601885/">"Commencement at Burlington"</a></span>. <i>The Washingtonian</i>. Windsor, VT. October 1, 1810. p. 3 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Commencement+at+Burlington&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1810-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F355601885%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop1962" class="citation book cs1">Bishop, Morris (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s_t1BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT154"><i>A History of Cornell</i></a>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801455377" title="Special:BookSources/9780801455377"><bdi>9780801455377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Cornell&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=9780801455377&rft.aulast=Bishop&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds_t1BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThayer1915" class="citation book cs1">Thayer, William Roscoe (1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifeandlettersof028712mbp#page/n51"><i>The Life And Letters Of John Hay</i></a>. Vol. I. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+And+Letters+Of+John+Hay&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1915&rft.aulast=Thayer&rft.aufirst=William+Roscoe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifeandlettersof028712mbp%23page%2Fn51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1842" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Zadock (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M6xFv628ziMC"><i>History Of Vermont, Natural, Civil And Statistical</i></a>. Burlington, VT: Chauncey Goodrich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M6xFv628ziMC/page/n378">149</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Of+Vermont%2C+Natural%2C+Civil+And+Statistical&rft.place=Burlington%2C+VT&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Chauncey+Goodrich&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Zadock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_M6xFv628ziMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNickerson_&_Cox1895" class="citation book cs1">Nickerson & Cox (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fHsjAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA19"><i>The Illustrated Historical Souvenir of Randolph, Vermont</i></a>. Randolph, VT: Nickerson & Cox. p. 19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Illustrated+Historical+Souvenir+of+Randolph%2C+Vermont&rft.place=Randolph%2C+VT&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Nickerson+%26+Cox&rft.date=1895&rft.au=Nickerson+%26+Cox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfHsjAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/490764638/">"Payment Notice by Collector Thomas Leverett"</a></span>. <i>The Washingtonian</i>. Windsor, VT. November 20, 1815. p. 3 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washingtonian&rft.atitle=Payment+Notice+by+Collector+Thomas+Leverett&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1815-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F490764638%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James V. Marshall, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmanu00mars/page/613">The United States Manual of Biography and History</a>, 1856, page 613</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancestry.com">"U.S. War of 1812 Service Records, 1812-1815, Entry for Jacob Collamer"</a></span>. <i>Ancestry.com</i>. Lehi, UT: Ancestry.com LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ancestry.com&rft.atitle=U.S.+War+of+1812+Service+Records%2C+1812-1815%2C+Entry+for+Jacob+Collamer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChild1888" class="citation book cs1">Child, Hamilton (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gazetteeroforang00chil#page/n143/mode/2up/"><i>Gazetteer of Orange County, Vt., 1762-1888</i></a>. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Journal Company. pp. 128–129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+Orange+County%2C+Vt.%2C+1762-1888&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+NY&rft.pages=128-129&rft.pub=Syracuse+Journal+Company&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgazetteeroforang00chil%23page%2Fn143%2Fmode%2F2up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermont_General_Assembly1816" class="citation book cs1">Vermont General Assembly (1816). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6QROAAAAYAAJ&q=%22john+french+%22vermont+militia%22+%222d+brigade%22"><i>Journals of the General Assembly of the State of Vermont</i></a>. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Secretary of State. p. 147.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journals+of+the+General+Assembly+of+the+State+of+Vermont&rft.place=Montpelier%2C+VT&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=Vermont+Secretary+of+State&rft.date=1816&rft.au=Vermont+General+Assembly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6QROAAAAYAAJ%26q%3D%2522john%2Bfrench%2B%2522vermont%2Bmilitia%2522%2B%25222d%2Bbrigade%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaft1901" class="citation magazine cs1">Taft, Russell Smith (July 1, 1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hcAg0OBzr1oC&pg=PA295">"Hon. James Barrett"</a>. <i>New England Historical and Genealogical Register</i>. Boston, MA: New England Historical and Genealogical Society. p. 295.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Historical+and+Genealogical+Register&rft.atitle=Hon.+James+Barrett&rft.pages=295&rft.date=1901-07-01&rft.aulast=Taft&rft.aufirst=Russell+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhcAg0OBzr1oC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amherst College, <i>Obituary Record: Roll of Graduates deceased during the Year 1879-1880; Deaths Not Previously Reported</i> (1880), p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4–5-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''4–5_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, pp. 4–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Mary Louise (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacobcollamer00kell"><i>Jacob Collamer: Woodstock's U.S. Senator</i></a>. Woodstock, VT: Woodstock Historical Society. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jacobcollamer00kell/page/4">4</a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacob+Collamer%3A+Woodstock%27s+U.S.+Senator&rft.place=Woodstock%2C+VT&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Woodstock+Historical+Society&rft.date=1944&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Mary+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjacobcollamer00kell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''5_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistory_of_Vermont,_Natural,_Civil_and_Statistical" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Zadock (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HOV_vtrbms"><i>History of Vermont, Natural, Civil and Statistical</i></a>. Burlington, VT: Chauncey Goodrich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HOV_vtrbms/page/n128">124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Vermont%2C+Natural%2C+Civil+and+Statistical&rft.place=Burlington%2C+VT&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Chauncey+Goodrich&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Zadock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHOV_vtrbms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Vermonter:_Jacob_Collamer" class="citation magazine cs1">Tinkham, O. M. (July 1, 1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uo8eAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA234">"Jacob Collamer"</a>. <i>The Vermonter</i>. St. Albans, VT: Charles Spooner Forbes. p. 234.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vermonter&rft.atitle=Jacob+Collamer&rft.pages=234&rft.date=1900-07-01&rft.aulast=Tinkham&rft.aufirst=O.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUo8eAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Vermont, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8yHOAAAAMAAJ/page/n10">Catalogue of the University of Vermont</a>, 1890, page 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''12_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">John J. Duffy, Samuel B. Hand, Ralph H. Orth, editors, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uTBCXqOou0YC&pg=PA91">The Vermont Encyclopedia</a>, 2003, page 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''13-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''13_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''14-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer''14_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemorial_Address_on_the_Life_and_Character_of_the_Hon._Jacob_Collamer"><i>Memorial Address on the Life and Character of the Hon. Jacob Collamer</i></a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall1856" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, James V. (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmanu00mars"><i>The United States Manual of Biography and History</i></a>. Philadelphia, PA: James B. Smith & Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesmanu00mars/page/613">613</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+States+Manual+of+Biography+and+History&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=James+B.+Smith+%26+Co.&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=James+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funitedstatesmanu00mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCook1887" class="citation book cs1">McCook, Anson G. (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bseGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA205"><i>Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States</i></a>. Vol. VIII. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Executive+Proceedings+of+the+Senate+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1887&rft.aulast=McCook&rft.aufirst=Anson+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbseGAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Jack Bauer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H42TwTwE1IwC&dq=jacob+collamer+postmaster+general&pg=PA262">Zachary Taylor: Soldier, Planter, Statesman of the Old Southwest</a>, 1993, page 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''4-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''4_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator"><i>Jacob Collamer: Woodstock's U.S. Senator</i></a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles C. Little and James Brown (Boston), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HLE0AQAAMAAJ&dq=jacob+collamer+judge+circuit+court&pg=PA234"><i>The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge for the Year 1852</i></a>, 1851, page 234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazetteer_of_Orange_County,_Vt.,_1762-1888" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Child, Hamilton (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/gazetteeroforang00chil#page/n7/mode/2up/"><i>Gazetteer of Orange County, Vt., 1762-1888</i></a>. Vol. Part 1. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse Journal Company. p. 113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gazetteer+of+Orange+County%2C+Vt.%2C+1762-1888&rft.place=Syracuse%2C+NY&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Syracuse+Journal+Company&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Child&rft.aufirst=Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fgazetteeroforang00chil%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Vermont, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIQfAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22vermont+medical+college%22+collamer&pg=PA23">University of Vermont Obituary Record</a>, Volume 1, pages 23-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrisonRuchames1975" class="citation book cs1">Garrison, William Lloyd; Ruchames, Louis (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5aZrAuKt0wC&pg=PA397"><i>The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison: From Disunionism to the Brink of War</i></a>. Vol. IV. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge, MA. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-52663-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-52663-1"><bdi>978-0-674-52663-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+William+Lloyd+Garrison%3A+From+Disunionism+to+the+Brink+of+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-674-52663-1&rft.aulast=Garrison&rft.aufirst=William+Lloyd&rft.au=Ruchames%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv5aZrAuKt0wC%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present" class="citation web cs1">Historian of the United States Senate (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/CommitteeChairs.pdf">"Chairmen of Senate Standing Committees, 1789-present"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>senate.gov/</i>. Washington, DC: U.S. Senate. pp. 20, 45, 54.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senate.gov%2F&rft.atitle=Chairmen+of+Senate+Standing+Committees%2C+1789-present&rft.pages=20%2C+45%2C+54&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Historian+of+the+United+States+Senate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2FCommitteeChairs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Republican National Committee, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/proceedingsoffir00inrepu/page/64">Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions</a>, 1893, pages 63-64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''17-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''17_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator"><i>Jacob Collamer: Woodstock's U.S. Senator</i></a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''20-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Jacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator''20_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacob_Collamer:_Woodstock's_U.S._Senator"><i>Jacob Collamer: Woodstock's U.S. Senator</i></a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">West Virginia Culture and History, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvculture.org/history/jbexhibit/masonreport.html">Senate Select Committee Report on the Harper’s Ferry Invasion</a>, retrieved December 17, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wvculture.org-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wvculture.org_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wvculture.org_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvculture.org/history/jbexhibit/masonreport.html">"Mason Report"</a>. <i>www.wvculture.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wvculture.org&rft.atitle=Mason+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvculture.org%2Fhistory%2Fjbexhibit%2Fmasonreport.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate" class="citation book cs1">Bogue, Allan G. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-eZnI4lkfQUC&pg=PA32"><i>The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate</i></a>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801475696" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801475696"><bdi>978-0801475696</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Earnest+Men%3A+Republicans+of+the+Civil+War+Senate&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0801475696&rft.aulast=Bogue&rft.aufirst=Allan+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-eZnI4lkfQUC%26pg%3DPA32&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate''32_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Earnest_Men:_Republicans_of_the_Civil_War_Senate"><i>The Earnest Men: Republicans of the Civil War Senate</i></a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber1896" class="citation book cs1">Barber, A. D. (November 5, 1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=76AyAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA5-PA107"><i>Vermont as a Leader in Educational Progress</i></a>. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Historical Society. p. 107 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vermont+as+a+Leader+in+Educational+Progress&rft.place=Montpelier%2C+VT&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Vermont+Historical+Society&rft.date=1896-11-05&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=A.+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D76AyAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA5-PA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Vermonter magazine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZk6AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22jacob+collamer%22+1860+convention+votes+president&pg=PA5">Incidents in the Life of Lincoln</a>, January 1909, page 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Lloyd Garrison, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5aZrAuKt0wC&dq=%22jacob+collamer%22+reelected+senate+1861&pg=PA397">The Letters of William Lloyd Garrison</a>, 1976, page 397</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jacob G. Ullery, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nvg_AAAAYAAJ&q=collamer&pg=PA224">Men of Vermont Illustrated</a>, 1894, pages 121-124</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chester G. Hearn, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cmZkBkmBc7wC&dq=%22jacob+collamer%22+seward+chase+lincoln+meeting+cabinet&pg=PA141">Lincoln, the Cabinet, and the Generals</a>, 2010, pages 139-143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHearn2018" class="citation book cs1">Hearn, Chester G. (28 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cmZkBkmBc7wC&q=%22jacob+collamer%22+seward+chase+lincoln+meeting+cabinet&pg=PA141"><i>Lincoln, the Cabinet, and the Generals</i></a>. LSU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780807137338" title="Special:BookSources/9780807137338"><bdi>9780807137338</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lincoln%2C+the+Cabinet%2C+and+the+Generals&rft.pub=LSU+Press&rft.date=2018-03-28&rft.isbn=9780807137338&rft.aulast=Hearn&rft.aufirst=Chester+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcmZkBkmBc7wC%26q%3D%2522jacob%2Bcollamer%2522%2Bseward%2Bchase%2Blincoln%2Bmeeting%2Bcabinet%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChairmen_of_Senate_Standing_Committees,_1789-present">Chairmen of Senate Standing Committees, 1789-present</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Government Printing Office, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N3UbSvFEYEkC&q=%22jacob+collamer%22+died">Addresses on the Death of Senator Jacob Collamer</a>, 1866, pages 61-62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert I. Vexler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vicepresidentsca0001vexl">The Vice-Presidents and Cabinet Members: Biographies Arranged Chronologically by Administration</a>, Volume 1, 1975, page 185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Vermont, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIQfAAAAYAAJ&dq=jacob+collamer+university+of+vermont+trustee&pg=PA23">University of Vermont Obituary Record</a>, Volume 1, 1895, pages 23-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Vermonter'':_Jacob_Collamer238-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Vermonter'':_Jacob_Collamer238_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Vermonter:_Jacob_Collamer"><i>The Vermonter</i>: Jacob Collamer</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United States Congress, Joint Committee on the Library, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=piIUAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22jacob+collamer%22+statuary+hall&pg=PA25">Legislation Creating the National Statuary Hall in the Capitol</a>, 1916, page 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Glenn Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eG8Yng2jxIgC&dq=%22jacob+collamer%22+%22ethan+allen%22+statuary+hall&pg=PA530">Glenn Brown's History of the United States Capitol</a>, 1900, page 530</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMemoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England" class="citation book cs1">Reno, Conrad (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kGswAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA4-PA26"><i>Memoirs of the Judiciary and the Bar of New England</i></a>. Vol. 1. Boston, MA: Century Memorial Publishing Co. p. 26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+the+Judiciary+and+the+Bar+of+New+England&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=Century+Memorial+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1900&rft.aulast=Reno&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkGswAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA4-PA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Memoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England''26-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Memoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England''26_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMemoirs_of_the_Judiciary_and_the_Bar_of_New_England"><i>Memoirs of the Judiciary and the Bar of New England</i></a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Park Service, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/mabi/planyourvisit/civil-war-home-front-walking-tour.htm">Marsh-Billings-Rockefeller National Historic Park, Civil War Home Front Walking Tour</a>, retrieved December 17, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patricia Harris and David Lyon, Boston Globe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/travel/explorene/vermont/articles/2010/07/11/civil_war_history_still_breathes_down_the_years/">Civil War History Still Breathes Down the Years</a>, July 11, 2010</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacob_Collamer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000628" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000628">"Jacob Collamer (id: C000628)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Jacob+Collamer+%28id%3A+C000628%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacob+Collamer" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/23044">Jacob Collamer</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Taylor_Administration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Zachary Taylor Administration, 1849 Daguerreotype by Mathew Brady From left to right: William Ballard Preston, Thomas Ewing, John M. Clayton, Zachary Taylor, William M. Meredith, George W. Crawford, Jacob Collamer and Reverdy Johnson in 1849"><img alt="The Zachary Taylor Administration, 1849 Daguerreotype by Mathew Brady From left to right: William Ballard Preston, Thomas Ewing, John M. Clayton, Zachary Taylor, William M. Meredith, George W. Crawford, Jacob Collamer and Reverdy Johnson in 1849" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Taylor_Administration.jpg/120px-The_Taylor_Administration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Taylor_Administration.jpg/180px-The_Taylor_Administration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_Taylor_Administration.jpg/240px-The_Taylor_Administration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3661" data-file-height="2723" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Zachary Taylor Administration</i>, 1849 Daguerreotype by <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a><br />From left to right: <a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a>, Jacob Collamer and <a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> in 1849</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Collamer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacob Collamer in U.S Statuary Hall"><img alt="Jacob Collamer in U.S Statuary Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Collamer.jpg/54px-Collamer.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Collamer.jpg/81px-Collamer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Collamer.jpg/108px-Collamer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="181" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jacob Collamer in U.S Statuary Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jacob Collamer during the Civil War"><img alt="Jacob Collamer during the Civil War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg/97px-Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg/146px-Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg/194px-Jacob_Collamer_-_Postmaster_General_of_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Jacob Collamer during the Civil War</div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Cave_Johnson" title="Cave Johnson">Cave Johnson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">United States Postmaster General</a><br /><small>Served under: <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a></small> </b><br />March 8, 1849 – July 22, 1850 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Nathan K. Hall</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Slade_(politician)" title="William Slade (politician)">William Slade</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from <a href="/wiki/Vermont%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Vermont's 2nd congressional district">Vermont's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Hebard" title="William Hebard">William Hebard</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Lawrence Brainerd</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States Senators from Vermont">Senator from Vermont (Class 3)</a> </b><br />March 4, 1855 – November 9, 1865 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Solomon Foot</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Luke_P._Poland" title="Luke P. Poland">Luke P. Poland</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confederation_period" title="Confederation period">Confederal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bache" title="Richard Bache">Bache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Hazard" title="Ebenezer Hazard">Hazard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Postal Department Seal"><img alt="Postal Department Seal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Post_Office.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="901" data-file-height="901" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood" title="Samuel Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Habersham" title="Joseph Habersham">Habersham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Granger" title="Gideon Granger">G. Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_J._Meigs_Jr." title="Return J. Meigs Jr.">Meigs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McLean" title="John McLean">McLean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet level</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office Department</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_T._Barry" title="William T. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Kendall" title="Amos Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Granger" title="Francis Granger">F. Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_Johnson" title="Cave Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dickinson_Hubbard" title="Samuel Dickinson Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_(postmaster_general)" title="James Campbell (postmaster general)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_V._Brown" title="Aaron V. Brown">A. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Holt" title="Joseph Holt">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_King" title="Horatio King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Blair" title="Montgomery Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dennison_Jr." title="William Dennison Jr.">Dennison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Randall_(Wisconsin_politician)" title="Alexander Randall (Wisconsin politician)">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">Creswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Marshall" title="James William Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Jewell" title="Marshall Jewell">Jewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Noble_Tyner" title="James Noble Tyner">Tyner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_M._Key" title="David M. Key">Key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Maynard" title="Horace Maynard">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lemuel_James" title="Thomas Lemuel James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_O._Howe" title="Timothy O. Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hatton_(American_politician)" title="Frank Hatton (American politician)">Hatton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_M._Dickinson" title="Donald M. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wanamaker" title="John Wanamaker">Wanamaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_S._Bissell" title="Wilson S. Bissell">Bissell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne_Wilson" title="William Lyne Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Albert_Gary" title="James Albert Gary">Gary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emory_Smith" title="Charles Emory Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Payne" title="Henry Clay Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wynne" title="Robert Wynne">Wynne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Cortelyou" title="George B. Cortelyou">Cortelyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_von_Lengerke_Meyer" title="George von Lengerke Meyer">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Harris_Hitchcock" title="Frank Harris Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_S._Burleson" title="Albert S. Burleson">Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_H._Hays" title="Will H. Hays">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Work" title="Hubert Work">Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._New" title="Harry S. New">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Brown" title="Walter Folger Brown">W. Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_M._Donaldson" title="Jesse M. Donaldson">Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Summerfield" title="Arthur Summerfield">Summerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Edward_Day" title="J. Edward Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Gronouski" title="John A. Gronouski">Gronouski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Marvin_Watson" title="W. Marvin Watson">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winton_M._Blount" title="Winton M. Blount">Blount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Postal Service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winton_M._Blount" title="Winton M. Blount">Blount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._T._Klassen" title="E. T. Klassen">Klassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Bailar" title="Benjamin F. Bailar">Bailar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Bolger" title="William F. Bolger">Bolger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_N._Carlin" title="Paul N. Carlin">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Vincent_Casey" title="Albert Vincent Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_Robert_Tisch" title="Preston Robert Tisch">Tisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_M._Frank" title="Anthony M. Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Travis_Runyon" title="Marvin Travis Runyon">Runyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Henderson" title="William J. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Potter" title="John E. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_R._Donahoe" title="Patrick R. Donahoe">Donahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megan_Brennan" title="Megan Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_DeJoy" title="Louis DeJoy">DeJoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Vermont" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Template:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Template talk:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Vermont"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Vermont" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Vermont" title="List of United States senators from Vermont">United States senators from Vermont</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Robinson" title="Moses Robinson">M. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Chipman" title="Nathaniel Chipman">Chipman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Smith" title="Israel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Robinson_(American_politician)" title="Jonathan Robinson (American politician)">J. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Tichenor" title="Isaac Tichenor">Tichenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_(Vermont_politician)" title="Horatio Seymour (Vermont politician)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Swift" title="Benjamin Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Phelps" title="Samuel S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redfield_Proctor" title="Redfield Proctor">Proctor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wolcott_Stewart" title="John Wolcott Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_S._Page" title="Carroll S. Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_L._Greene" title="Frank L. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Partridge" title="Frank C. Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Austin" title="Warren Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Flanders" title="Ralph Flanders">Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_L._Prouty" title="Winston L. Prouty">Prouty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Paine" title="Elijah Paine">Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fisk_(politician)" title="James Fisk (politician)">Fisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Palmer" title="William A. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Chase" title="Dudley Chase">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Prentiss" title="Samuel Prentiss">Prentiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Crafts" title="Samuel C. Crafts">Crafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Upham" title="William Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Phelps" title="Samuel S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brainerd" title="Lawrence Brainerd">Brainerd</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_P._Poland" title="Luke P. Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Ross_(politician)" title="Jonathan Ross (politician)">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Dillingham" title="William P. Dillingham">Dillingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson" title="Ernest W. Gibson">Gibson Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Gibson_Jr." title="Ernest W. Gibson Jr.">Gibson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Aiken" title="George Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Welch" title="Peter Welch">Welch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Post_Office_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Post Office chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Post_Office_and_Civil_Service" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Civil_Service" title="United States Senate Committee on Civil Service">United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Civil Service</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Post Roads<br />(1816–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_J._Wilson" title="James J. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfort_Stokes" title="Montfort Stokes">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lanman" title="James Lanman">Lanman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Bibb" title="George M. Bibb">Bibb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Grundy" title="Felix Grundy">Grundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Robinson_(Illinois_politician)" title="John M. Robinson (Illinois politician)">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henderson_(Mississippi_politician)" title="John Henderson (Mississippi politician)">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Milton_Niles" title="John Milton Niles">Niles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Levy_Yulee" title="David Levy Yulee">Yulee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Gwin" title="William M. Gwin">Gwin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dixon" title="James Dixon">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ramsey" title="Alexander Ramsey">Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._Maxey" title="Samuel B. Maxey">Maxey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Hill" title="Nathaniel P. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_D._Conger" title="Omar D. Conger">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philetus_Sawyer" title="Philetus Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Vilas" title="William F. Vilas">Vilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Mason_(American_politician)" title="William E. Mason (American politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boies_Penrose" title="Boies Penrose">Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bourne_Jr._(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan Bourne Jr. (politician)">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Bankhead" title="John H. Bankhead">Bankhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Townsend" title="Charles E. Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_C._Phipps" title="Lawrence C. Phipps">Phipps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasker_Oddie" title="Tasker Oddie">Oddie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service and Retrenchment<br />(1873–1921)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_G._Wright" title="George G. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powell_Clayton" title="Powell Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Teller" title="Henry M. Teller">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Butler" title="Matthew Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._Hawley" title="Joseph R. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chace" title="Jonathan Chace">Chace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_O._Wolcott" title="Edward O. Wolcott">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Call" title="Wilkinson Call">Call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Jarvis" title="Thomas J. Jarvis">Jarvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeter_C._Pritchard" title="Jeter C. Pritchard">Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Baker" title="Lucien Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Perkins" title="George C. Perkins">Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlee_Pomerene" title="Atlee Pomerene">Pomerene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil Service<br />(1921–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sterling" title="Thomas Sterling">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Stanfield" title="Robert N. Stanfield">Stanfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Couzens" title="James Couzens">Couzens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_H._Dale" title="Porter H. Dale">Dale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Bulow" title="William J. Bulow">Bulow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_Downey" title="Sheridan Downey">Downey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post Office and Civil Service<br />(1947–1977)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Langer" title="William Langer">Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olin_D._Johnston" title="Olin D. Johnston">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Monroney" title="Mike Monroney">Monroney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_W._McGee" title="Gale W. McGee">McGee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Natural_Resources_chairs" title="Template:US House Natural Resources chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Natural_Resources_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Natural Resources chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Natural_Resources_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Natural Resources chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">United States House Committee on Natural Resources</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_(congressman)" title="John Boyle (congressman)">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boyle_(congressman)" title="John Boyle (congressman)">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_McKee_(politician,_born_1774)" title="Samuel McKee (politician, born 1774)">McKee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Robertson" title="Thomas B. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Clough_Anderson_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Clough Anderson Jr.">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rankin" title="Christopher Rankin">Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Scott_(Missouri_politician)" title="John Scott (Missouri politician)">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_C._Isacks" title="Jacob C. Isacks">Isacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Wickliffe" title="Charles A. Wickliffe">Wickliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Comer_Clay" title="Clement Comer Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratliff_Boon" title="Ratliff Boon">Boon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadok_Casey" title="Zadok Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Mason" title="Samson Mason">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cost_Johnson" title="William Cost Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Chapman" title="Reuben Chapman">Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Morrow" title="Jeremiah Morrow">Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_McClernand" class="mw-redirect" title="John Alexander McClernand">McClernand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Collamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Bowlin" title="James B. Bowlin">Bowlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Preble_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard Preble Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_T._Disney" title="David T. Disney">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bennett_(American_politician)" title="Henry Bennett (American politician)">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_Robert_Winfield_Cobb" class="mw-redirect" title="Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb">W. Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Potter" title="John F. Potter">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Julian" title="George W. Julian">Julian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Ketcham" title="John H. Ketcham">Ketcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Townsend" title="Washington Townsend">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Sayler" title="Milton Sayler">Sayler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Converse" title="George L. Converse">Converse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_C._Pound" title="Thaddeus C. Pound">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Cobb" title="Thomas R. Cobb">T. Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_E._Payson" title="Lewis E. Payson">Payson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chipman_McRae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Chipman McRae">McRae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Lacey" title="John F. Lacey">Lacey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wheeler_Mondell" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wheeler Mondell">Mondell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">J. T. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Ferris" title="Scott Ferris">Ferris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_J._Sinnott" title="Nicholas J. Sinnott">Sinnott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_B._Colton" title="Don B. Colton">Colton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Evans" title="John M. Evans">Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L._De_Rouen" title="René L. De Rouen">De Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._W._Robinson" title="J. W. Robinson">J. W. Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hardin_Peterson" title="J. Hardin Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Welch" title="Richard J. Welch">Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lawrence_Somers" title="Andrew Lawrence Somers">Somers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hardin_Peterson" title="J. Hardin Peterson">Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Murdock_(politician)" title="John R. Murdock (politician)">Murdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_L._Miller" title="Arthur L. Miller">A. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Engle" title="Clair Engle">Engle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_N._Aspinall" title="Wayne N. Aspinall">Aspinall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Haley" title="James A. Haley">Haley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Udall" title="Mo Udall">Udall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(California_politician)" title="George Miller (California politician)">G. Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Hansen_(Utah_politician)" title="Jim Hansen (Utah politician)">Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pombo" title="Richard Pombo">Pombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Rahall" title="Nick Rahall">Rahall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doc_Hastings" title="Doc Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob_Bishop" title="Rob Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Grijalva" title="Raúl Grijalva">Grijalva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Westerman" title="Bruce Westerman">Westerman</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Zachary_Taylor_(1849–1850)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taylor_cabinet" title="Template:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taylor_cabinet" title="Template talk:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taylor_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Taylor cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Zachary_Taylor_(1849–1850)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> (1849–1850)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/100px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/150px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg/200px-Zachary_taylor-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacob Collamer</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1849–1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Millard_Fillmore_(1850–1853)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Template:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Template talk:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fillmore_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fillmore cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Millard_Fillmore_(1850–1853)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> (1850–1853)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">John M. Clayton</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Edward Everett</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/100px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/150px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Millard_Fillmore.jpg/200px-Millard_Fillmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="3938" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Meredith" title="William M. Meredith">William M. Meredith</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin" title="Thomas Corwin">Thomas Corwin</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Crawford" title="George W. Crawford">George W. Crawford</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Magill_Conrad" title="Charles Magill Conrad">Charles Magill Conrad</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Reverdy Johnson</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Crittenden" title="John J. Crittenden">John J. Crittenden</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacob Collamer</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_K._Hall" title="Nathan K. Hall">Nathan K. Hall</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dickinson_Hubbard" title="Samuel Dickinson Hubbard">Samuel Dickinson Hubbard</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretary of the Navy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Ballard_Preston" class="mw-redirect" title="William Ballard Preston">William Ballard Preston</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Graham" title="William Alexander Graham">William Alexander Graham</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Kennedy" title="John P. Kennedy">John P. Kennedy</a> (1852–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ewing" title="Thomas Ewing">Thomas Ewing</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean_Thompson_McKennan" title="Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan">Thomas M. T. McKennan</a> (1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hugh_Holmes_Stuart" title="Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart">Alexander H. H. Stuart</a> (1850–1853)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924931#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924931#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924931#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000030725572">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/26147987">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/241564/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJkHkB3j9mcYtXK6VMm8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1200450655">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88067932">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007386232305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14823793">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000628">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10573066">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m6212j">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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