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space</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: green space"> <meta name="keywords" content="green space"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5650</span> Spatial Planning of Community Green Infrastructure Based on Public Health Considerations: A Case Study of Kunhou Community</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shengdan%20Yang">Shengdan Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has made public health issues to be re-examined. The value of green space configuration is an important measure of community health quality. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the structure and function of community green space can be better evaluated. This study selects Wuhan Kunhou Community as the site and proposes to analyze the daily health service function of the community's green infrastructure. Through GIS-based spatial analysis, case study, and field investigation, this study evaluates the accessibility of green infrastructure and discusses the ideal green space form based on health indicators. The findings show that Kunhou Community lacks access to green infrastructure and public space for daily activities. The research findings provide a bridge between public health indicators and community space planning and propose design suggestions for green infrastructure planning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title="accessibility">accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community%20health" title=" community health"> community health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title=" green infrastructure"> green infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157/spatial-planning-of-community-green-infrastructure-based-on-public-health-considerations-a-case-study-of-kunhou-community" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5649</span> Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Absorption in DKI Jakarta Green Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Belseran">Mario Belseran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The issue of climate change become world attention where one of them increase in air temperature due to greenhouse gas emissions. This climate change is caused by gases in the atmosphere, one of which is CO2. DKI Jakarta as the capital has a dense population with a variety of existing land use. Land use that is dominated by settlements resulting in fewer green space, which functions to absorb atmospheric CO2. Image interpretation SPOT-7 is used to determine the greenness level of vegetation on a green space using the vegetation index NDVI, EVI, GNDVI and OSAVI. Measuring the diameter and height of trees were also performed to obtain the value of biomass that will be used as the CO2 absorption value. The CO2 absorption value that spread in Jakarta are classified into three classes: high, medium, and low. The distribution pattern of CO2 absorption value at green space in Jakarta dominance in the medium class with the distribution pattern is located in South Jakarta, East Jakarta, North Jakarta and West Jakarta. The distribution pattern of green space in Jakarta scattered randomly and more dominate in East Jakarta and South Jakarta <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide" title="carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DKI%20Jakarta" title=" DKI Jakarta"> DKI Jakarta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space" title=" green space"> green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPOT-7" title=" SPOT-7"> SPOT-7</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetation%20index" title=" vegetation index"> vegetation index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59940/estimation-of-carbon-dioxide-absorption-in-dki-jakarta-green-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59940.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5648</span> Rethinking Urban Green Space Quality and Planning Models from Users and Experts’ Perspective for Sustainable Development: The Case of Debre Berhan and Debre Markos Cities, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemaw%20Kefale">Alemaw Kefale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aramde%20Fetene"> Aramde Fetene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayal%20Desta"> Hayal Desta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study analyzed the users' and experts' views on the green space quality and planning models in Debre Berhan (DB) and Debre Markos (DM) cities in Ethiopia. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 350 park users (148 from DB and 202 from DM) to rate the accessibility, size, shape, vegetation cover, social and cultural context, conservation and heritage, community participation, attractiveness, comfort, safety, inclusiveness, and maintenance of green spaces using a Likert scale. A key informant interview was held with 13 experts in DB and 12 in DM. Descriptive statistics and tests of independence of variables using the chi-square test were done. A statistically significant association existed between the perception of green space quality attributes and users' occupation (χ² (160, N = 350) = 224.463, p < 0.001), age (χ² (128, N = 350) = 212.812, p < 0.001), gender (χ² (32, N = 350) = 68.443, p < 0.001), and education level (χ² (192, N = 350) = 293.396, p < 0.001). 61.7 % of park users were unsatisfied with the quality of urban green spaces. The users perceived dense vegetation cover as "good," with a mean value of 3.41, while the remaining were perceived as "medium with a mean value of 2.62 – 3.32". Only quantitative space standards are practiced as a green space planning model, while other models are unfamiliar and never used in either city. Therefore, experts need to be aware of and practice urban green models during urban planning to ensure that new developments include green spaces to accommodate the community's and the environment's needs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title="urban green space">urban green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality" title=" quality"> quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=users%20and%20experts" title=" users and experts"> users and experts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space%20planning%20models" title=" green space planning models"> green space planning models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181281/rethinking-urban-green-space-quality-and-planning-models-from-users-and-experts-perspective-for-sustainable-development-the-case-of-debre-berhan-and-debre-markos-cities-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5647</span> Health Benefit and Mechanism from Green Open Space: A Pathway to Connect Health to Design and Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ming%20Ma">Ming Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Li"> Rui Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the highly urbanized district, green open space is playing an important role in human’s health and wellbeing as a physical, aesthetic and natural environment resources. The aim of this paper is to close this gap through providing a comprehensive, qualitative meta-analysis of existing studies related to this issue. A systematic scoping of current quantitative research is conducted which mostly focused on cross-sectional survey and experimental studies. Health benefits from contact with green open space could be categorized into physical health, psychological health and social wellbeing. Mechanism for the health related to green open space could be clearly identified with the regard to natural restoration, physical activities and social capital. These results indicate a multiple pathways framework between the health benefits and mechanism. In order to support design and planning, the most evident relationship was picked up that people could psychologically benefit from green open space through outdoors physical activities. Additionally, three design and planning strategies are put forward. Various and multi-level contacts with green open space would be considered as an explanation of the pathway results and tie to bridge the health to design and planning. There is a need to carry out long-term research emphasizing on causal relationship between health and green open space through excluding cofounding factors such as self-selection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20open%20space" title="urban green open space">urban green open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning%20and%20design" title=" planning and design"> planning and design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20benefit" title=" health benefit"> health benefit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title=" mechanism"> mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathway%20framework" title=" pathway framework"> pathway framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72775/health-benefit-and-mechanism-from-green-open-space-a-pathway-to-connect-health-to-design-and-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5646</span> Urban Green Space Analysis Incorporated at Bodakdev, Ahmedabad City Based on the RS and GIS Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nartan%20Rajpriya">Nartan Rajpriya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> City is a multiplex ecological system made up of social, economic and natural sub systems. Green space system is the foundation of the natural system. It is also suitable part of natural productivity in the urban structure. It is dispensable for constructing a high quality human settlements and a high standard ecocity. Ahmedabad is the fastest growing city of India. Today urban green space is under strong pressure in Ahmedabad city. Due to increasing urbanization, combined with a spatial planning policy of densification, more people face the prospect of living in less green residential environments. In this research analyzes the importance of available Green Space at Bodakdev Park, Ahmedabad, using remote sensing and GIS technologies. High resolution IKONOS image and LISS IV data has been used in this project. This research answers the questions like: • Temporal changes in urban green space area. • Proximity to heavy traffic or roads or any recreational facilities. • Importance in terms of health. • Availability of quality infrastructure. • Available green space per area, per sq. km and per total population. This projects incorporates softwares like ArcGIS, Ecognition and ERDAS Imagine, GPS technologies etc. Methodology includes the field work and collection of other relevant data while preparation of land use maps using the IKONOS imagery which is corrected using GPS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title="urban green space">urban green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecocity" title=" ecocity"> ecocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IKONOS" title=" IKONOS"> IKONOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LISS%20IV" title=" LISS IV"> LISS IV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28870/urban-green-space-analysis-incorporated-at-bodakdev-ahmedabad-city-based-on-the-rs-and-gis-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5645</span> Temperature Control and Comfort Level of Elementary School Building with Green Roof in New Taipei City, Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Ming%20Su">Ying-Ming Su</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Shu%20Huang"> Mei-Shu Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To mitigate the urban heat island effect has become a global issue facing the challenge of climate change. Through literature reviews, plant photosynthesis can reduce the carbon dioxide and mitigate the urban heat island effect relatively. Because there are not enough open space and park, green roof has become an important policy in Taiwan. We selected elementary school buildings in northern New Taipei City as research subjects since elementary school is asked priority to build green roof and important educational place to promote green roof concept. Testo 175-H1 recording device was used to record the temperature and humidity difference between roof surface and interior space below roof with and without green roof for the long-term. We also use questionnaire to investigate the awareness of comfort level of green roof and sensation of teachers and students of the elementary school. The results indicated the temperature of roof without greening was higher than that with greening about 2°C. But sometimes during noontime, the temperature of green roof was higher than that of non-green roof related to the character of the accumulation and dissipation of heat of greening probably. The temperature of interior space below green roof was normally lower than that without green roof about 1°C showed that green roof could lower the temperature. The humidity of the green roof was higher than the one without greening also indicated that green roof retained water better. Teachers liked to combine green roof concept in the curriculum, students wished all classes can take turns to maintain the green roof. Teachers and students that school had integrated green roof concept in the curriculum were more willing to participate in the maintenance work of green roof. Teachers and students who may access and touch the green roof can be more aware of the green roof benefit. We suggest architect to increase the accessibility and visibility of green roof, such as a part of the activity space. This idea can be a reference of the green roof curriculum design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort%20level" title="comfort level">comfort level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20school" title=" elementary school"> elementary school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20island%20effect" title=" heat island effect"> heat island effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797/temperature-control-and-comfort-level-of-elementary-school-building-with-green-roof-in-new-taipei-city-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5644</span> Spatial Analysis of the Impact of City Developments Degradation of Green Space in Urban Fringe Eastern City of Yogyakarta Year 2005-2010</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pebri%20Nurhayati">Pebri Nurhayati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rozanah%20Ahlam%20Fadiyah"> Rozanah Ahlam Fadiyah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the development of the city often use rural areas that can not be separated from the change in land use that lead to the degradation of urban green space in the city fringe. In the long run, the degradation of green open space this can impact on the decline of ecological, psychological and public health. Therefore, this research aims to (1) determine the relationship between the parameters of the degradation rate of urban development with green space, (2) develop a spatial model of the impact of urban development on the degradation of green open space with remote sensing techniques and Geographical Information Systems in an integrated manner. This research is a descriptive research with data collection techniques of observation and secondary data . In the data analysis, to interpret the direction of urban development and degradation of green open space is required in 2005-2010 ASTER image with NDVI. Of interpretation will generate two maps, namely maps and map development built land degradation green open space. Secondary data related to the rate of population growth, the level of accessibility, and the main activities of each city map is processed into a population growth rate, the level of accessibility maps, and map the main activities of the town. Each map is used as a parameter to map the degradation of green space and analyzed by non-parametric statistical analysis using Crosstab thus obtained value of C (coefficient contingency). C values were then compared with the Cmaximum to determine the relationship. From this research will be obtained in the form of modeling spatial map of the City Development Impact Degradation Green Space in Urban Fringe eastern city of Yogyakarta 2005-2010. In addition, this research also generate statistical analysis of the test results of each parameter to the degradation of green open space in the Urban Fringe eastern city of Yogyakarta 2005-2010. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20analysis" title="spatial analysis">spatial analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20development" title=" urban development"> urban development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation%20of%20green%20space" title=" degradation of green space"> degradation of green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20fringe" title=" urban fringe"> urban fringe</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5862/spatial-analysis-of-the-impact-of-city-developments-degradation-of-green-space-in-urban-fringe-eastern-city-of-yogyakarta-year-2005-2010" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5643</span> Semigroups of Linear Transformations with Fixed Subspaces: Green’s Relations and Ideals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanisa%20Chaiya">Yanisa Chaiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jintana%20Sanwong"> Jintana Sanwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let V be a vector space over a field and W a subspace of V. Let Fix(V,W) denote the set of all linear transformations on V with fix all elements in W. In this paper, we show that Fix(V,W) is a semigroup under the composition of maps and describe Green’s relations on this semigroup in terms of images, kernels and the dimensions of subspaces of the quotient space V/W where V/W = {v+W : v is an element in V} with v+W = {v+w : w is an element in W}. Let dim(U) denote the dimension of a vector space U and Vα = {vα : v is an element in V} where vα is an image of v under a linear transformation α. For any cardinal number a let a'= min{b : b > a}. We also show that the ideals of Fix(V,W) are precisely the sets. Fix(r) ={α ∊ Fix(V,W) : dim(Vα/W) < r} where 1 ≤ r ≤ a' and a = dim(V/W). Moreover, we prove that if V is a finite-dimensional vector space, then every ideal of Fix(V,W) is principle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%E2%80%99s%20relations" title="Green’s relations">Green’s relations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ideals" title=" ideals"> ideals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20transformation%20semi-groups" title=" linear transformation semi-groups"> linear transformation semi-groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principle%20ideals" title=" principle ideals"> principle ideals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59302/semigroups-of-linear-transformations-with-fixed-subspaces-greens-relations-and-ideals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5642</span> Federal College of Education Kano</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahnaz%20Babaei%20Morad">Mahnaz Babaei Morad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Zargarzadeh"> Mojtaba Zargarzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnaz%20Babaei%20Morad"> Behnaz Babaei Morad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najmeh%20Salari%20Nasab"> Najmeh Salari Nasab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Green roofs and walls are one of the key elements of sustainable design in ecology design of cities. Lack of open space and urban green at different scales from one neighborhood to district is as subject that has become challenge for urban management Use change from green space to other use is familiar for Iranian citizens. The high price of land in this area, it seems only justified reason for municipalities that reduce the green space per capita. In this paper, examines the rooftops of Iranian city as a fifth facade, as well as the opportunity to offset some of the capital's urban spaces that has been removed. Today green roof isn't a matter of taste in the world. Be proportional to the quantity and quality of the architecture become the first concern of urban professionals and ecological approaches such as "sustainable" and "green architecture" is checked. In this paper we review and present examples of green roofs have been executed in Iran over the past decade. Survey some of the urban management policies in leading province in this article constitutes the second dimension. The purpose of this paper is study example of green roof performance in different parts of Iran, along with criteria for sustainable urban development and achieves the policies and components collection of implementation sustainable development , specific of Iranian green roof and monitor the develops ways to it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20development" title="sustainable development">sustainable development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roofs" title=" green roofs"> green roofs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20architecture" title=" green architecture"> green architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28170/federal-college-of-education-kano" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">494</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5641</span> Green Open Space in Sustainable Housing and Islamic Values Perspectives – Case Study Kampung Kauman Malang</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nunik%20Junara">Nunik Junara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sugeng%20Triyadi"> Sugeng Triyadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sustainable Housing in Islamic perspective, can be defined as a multi-dimensional process that seeks to achieve a balance between economic and socio-cultural aspects on the side, and environmental aspect on the other. There are many quotes verses in the Quran and Hadith that leads to the belief that Islam as a Rahmatan lil Alamin, where men are encouraged to act wisely in treating nature and all living things in it. One aspect of the natural environment that closed to human is plants. In the settlement, the availability of plants or also called green open space is highly recommended. The availability of green open space in the neighborhood, both the public and private green open spaces is expected to reduce the effects of global warming that has engulfed various parts of the world. Green open space that can be viewed from the angle of eco-aestetic and eco-medical in sustainable architecture, is expected to increase the temperature and provide aesthetic impression to the surrounding environment. This paper attempts to discuss the principles of Islamic values related to the natural environment as a major resource for sustainability. This paper also aims to raise awareness of the importance of the theme of sustainability in settlements, especially in big cities. Analysis of the availability of green open space in kampung Kauman Malang is one example of the effort to apply the principles of sustainable housing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20open%20space" title="green open space">green open space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20housing" title=" sustainable housing"> sustainable housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Islamic%20values" title=" Islamic values"> Islamic values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kampung%20Kauman%20Malang" title=" Kampung Kauman Malang"> Kampung Kauman Malang</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28619/green-open-space-in-sustainable-housing-and-islamic-values-perspectives-case-study-kampung-kauman-malang" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5640</span> Green Roofs and Xeriscape Planting that Contribute to Sustainable Urban Green Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Derya%20Sar%C4%B1">Derya Sarı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banu%20Karasah"> Banu Karasah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the recent years, urban green areas decrease dramatically as a result of increasing industrialization and population growth. At the same time, green spaces provide many ecosystem services such as controls of air pollution, noise reduction, prevents flooding and reduces the stress in the urban areas. Therefore, the plants help to these areas to get more livable and active, and also plants are one of the most significant identity elements in these open spaces. Roof gardens comes significant design comprehension as a result of global warming and also they contribute to cities with regard to ecological, economic, visual and recreational aspects. This study is mainly based on evaluation potential of green roofs and xeriscape planting design approach of Artvin (Turkey) known that generally has a remarkable floristic richness. Artvin is located on a sloping terrain, and the amount of green spaces that can be used is very limited in this city. Therefore, green roofs approach should be evaluated to supply urban green space sustainability. This study shows that it is appropriate about 20 perennial plants for green roofs and xeriscape planting design in Artvin city center. Usage of native plant species would be support to sustainable urban green spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artvin" title="Artvin">Artvin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roofs" title=" green roofs"> green roofs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20spaces" title=" urban green spaces"> urban green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=xeriscape%20planting" title=" xeriscape planting"> xeriscape planting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35466/green-roofs-and-xeriscape-planting-that-contribute-to-sustainable-urban-green-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35466.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5639</span> Monitoring Urban Green Space Cover Change Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Two Rapidly Urbanizing Cities, Debre Berhan and Debre Markos, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemaw%20Kefale">Alemaw Kefale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aramde%20Fetene"> Aramde Fetene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayal%20Desta"> Hayal Desta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Monitoring the amount of green space in urban areas is important for ensuring sustainable development and proper management. The study analyzed changes in urban green space coverage over the past 20 years in two rapidly urbanizing cities in Ethiopia, Debre Berhan and Debre Markos, using GIS and remote sensing. The researchers used Landsat 5 and 8 data with a spatial resolution of 30 m to determine different land use and land cover classes, including urban green spaces, barren and croplands, built-up areas, and water bodies. The classification accuracy ranged between 90% and 91.4%, with a Kappa Statistic of 0.85 to 0.88. The results showed that both cities experienced significant decreases in vegetation cover in their urban cores between 2000 and 2020, with radical changes observed from green spaces and croplands to built-up areas. In Debre Berhan, barren and croplands decreased by 32.96%, while built-up and green spaces increased by 357.9% and 37.4%, respectively, in 2020. In Debre Markos, built-up areas increased by 224.2%, while green spaces and barren and croplands decreased by 41% and 5.71%, respectively. The spatial structure of cities and planning policies were noticed as the major factors for big green cover change. Thus it has an implication for other rapidly urbanized cities in Africa and Asia. Overall, rapid urbanization threatens green spaces and agricultural areas, highlighting the need for ecological-based spatial planning in rapidly urbanizing cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space%20coverage" title="green space coverage">green space coverage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20and%20remote%20sensing" title=" GIS and remote sensing"> GIS and remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Landsat" title=" Landsat"> Landsat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LULC" title=" LULC"> LULC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ethiopia" title=" Ethiopia"> Ethiopia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181113/monitoring-urban-green-space-cover-change-using-gis-and-remote-sensing-in-two-rapidly-urbanizing-cities-debre-berhan-and-debre-markos-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5638</span> Methodology for Assessing Spatial Equity of Urban Green Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asna%20Anchalan">Asna Anchalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20Bhagyanathan"> Anjana Bhagyanathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban green space plays an important role in providing health (physical and mental well-being), economic, and environmental benefits for urban residents and neighborhoods. Ensuring equitable distribution of urban green space is vital to ensure equal access to these benefits. This study is developing a methodology for assessing spatial equity of urban green spaces in the Indian context. Through a systematic literature review, the research trends, parameters, data, and tools being used are identified. After 2020, the research in this domain is increasing rapidly, where COVID-19 acted as a catalyst. Indian documents use various terminologies, definitions, and classifications of urban green spaces. The terminology, definition, and classification for this study are done after reviewing several Indian documents, master plans, and research papers. Parameters identified for assessing spatial equity are availability, proximity, accessibility, and socio-economic disparity. Criteria for evaluating each parameter were identified from diverse research papers. There is a research gap identified as a comprehensive approach encompassing all four parameters. The outcome of this study led to the development of a methodology that addresses the gaps, providing a practical tool applicable across diverse Indian cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title="urban green space">urban green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20equity" title=" spatial equity"> spatial equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accessibility" title=" accessibility"> accessibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximity" title=" proximity"> proximity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methodology" title=" methodology"> methodology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183456/methodology-for-assessing-spatial-equity-of-urban-green-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">58</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5637</span> Research on the Public Governance of Urban Public Green Spaces from the Perspective of Institutional Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Xue">Zhang Xue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban public green spaces have evolved from classical private gardens and have expanded into multi-dimensional space value attributes such as scale and property rights. Among them, ecological, environmental value, social interaction value, and commercial, economic value have become consensual value characteristics. From the perspective of institutional economics, urban public green spaces, as a type of non-exclusive and non-competitive public good, express the social connotation of spatial "publicness" and multiple values are its important attributes. However, due to the positive externality characteristics of public green spaces, the cost-benefit functions between subjects are inconsistent, leading to issues such as the "anti-commons tragedy" of transitional management, lack of public sense of space responsibility, and weakened public nature. It is necessary to enhance the "publicness" of urban public green spaces through effective institutional arrangements, inclusive planning participation, and humane management measures, promoting urban public openness and the enhancement of multiple values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20green%20spaces" title="public green spaces">public green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=publicness" title=" publicness"> publicness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title=" governance"> governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20economics" title=" institutional economics"> institutional economics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184001/research-on-the-public-governance-of-urban-public-green-spaces-from-the-perspective-of-institutional-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">55</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5636</span> Urban Park Green Space Planning and Construction under the Theory of Environmental Justice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%20Chaoyang">Ma Chaoyang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article starts from the perspective of environmental justice theory and analyzes the accessibility and regional equity of park green spaces in the central urban area of Chengdu in 2022 based on the improved Gaussian 2SFCA analysis method and Gini coefficient method. Then, according to the relevant analysis model, it further explores the correlation between the spatial distribution of park green spaces and the socio-economic conditions of residents in order to provide a reference for the construction and research of Chengdu's park city under the guidance of fairness and justice. The results show that: (1) Overall, the spatial distribution of parks and green spaces in Chengdu shows a significantly uneven distribution of extreme core edge, with a certain degree of unfairness; that is, there is an environmental injustice pattern. (2) The spatial layout of urban parks and green spaces is subject to strong guiding interference from the socio-economic level; that is, there is a high correlation between housing prices and the tendency of parks. (3) Green space resources Gini coefficient analysis shows that residents of the three modes of transportation in the study area have unequal opportunities to enjoy park and green space services, and the degree of unfairness in walking is much greater than that in cycling and cycling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parks%20and%20green%20spaces" title="parks and green spaces">parks and green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20justice" title=" environmental justice"> environmental justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20step%20mobile%20search%20method" title=" two step mobile search method"> two step mobile search method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gini%20coefficient" title=" Gini coefficient"> Gini coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20distribution" title=" spatial distribution"> spatial distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185217/urban-park-green-space-planning-and-construction-under-the-theory-of-environmental-justice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5635</span> Evaluation of Japanese Kyoto Park in Terms of User Satisfaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruhug%C3%BCl%20%C3%96zge%20Gemici">Ruhugül Özge Gemici</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The need for open space, which is an important problem especially since the 19th century, has become more important in today's conditions. The most important factor in increasing the livability of cities is the open and green areas. Parks are the most important of the urban open and green space elements that provide the most benefit to users. In this context, the user satisfaction of the Japanese Kyoto Park, which is the subject of the research, was evaluated in the light of the questionnaires. With this analysis, the satisfaction level of the user using the park was determined. Suggestions have been developed for the park to be handled and regulated according to the user requests and requirements changing over time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape" title="landscape">landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20design" title=" landscape design"> landscape design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20and%20green%20spaces" title=" open and green spaces"> open and green spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sculpture" title=" sculpture "> sculpture </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107072/evaluation-of-japanese-kyoto-park-in-terms-of-user-satisfaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5634</span> Studying the Function of Green Belt around the Metropolises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soroush%20Mokallaei">Soroush Mokallaei </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since ancient times, urbanization engineers have always thought of creating green spaces along with urbanization. Athens and Rome have attempted to construct public gardens around streets and palaces. Since then developing green space has become a part of urban civilization. In medieval ages, all Western cities had palaces and houses with internal gardens. In different sources green belt is defined as a green band of trees and bushes around the cities which has multiple functions. It is said that green belts are not only around the mountains, cities, and rivers but also around houses, subways, and highways. Constructing green belt around cities has different advantages such as: protecting cities against pollution, purifying air, screening dust, being a place for recreation, buffer zone of city internal lands, confronting the phenomenon of heat island, increasing agricultural products, helping to prevent illegal city development, confronting deforestation, preventing flood and increasing subterranean water resources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=garden%20cities" title=" garden cities"> garden cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20belt" title=" green belt"> green belt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metropolises" title=" metropolises"> metropolises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1697/studying-the-function-of-green-belt-around-the-metropolises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5633</span> A Brief Review of Urban Green Vegetation (Green Wall) in Reduction of Air Pollution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20%20Pirhadi">Masoumeh Pirhadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Air pollution is becoming a major health problem affecting millions. In support of this observation, the world health organization estimates that many people feel unhealthy due to pollution. This is a coupled fact that one of the main global sources of air pollution in cities is greenhouse gas emissions due heavy traffic. Green walls are developed as a sustainable strategy to reduce pollution by increasing vegetation in developed areas without occupying space in the city. This concept an offer advantageous environmental benefits and they can also be proposed for aesthetic purposes, and today they are used to preserve the urban environment. Green walls can also create environments that can promote a healthy lifestyle. Findings of multiple studies also indicate that Green infrastructure in cities is a strategy for improving air quality and increasing the sustainability of cities. Since these green solutions (green walls) act as porous materials that affect the diffusion of air pollution they can also act as a removing air vents that clean the air. Therefore, implementation of this strategy can be considered as a prominent factor in achieving a cleaner environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20vegetation" title="green vegetation">green vegetation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20wall" title=" green wall"> green wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105090/a-brief-review-of-urban-green-vegetation-green-wall-in-reduction-of-air-pollution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105090.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5632</span> Using Medicinal Herbs in Designing Green Roofs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Javad%20Shakouri">Mohamad Javad Shakouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behshad%20Riahipour"> Behshad Riahipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today, the use of medicinal herbs in architecture and green space has a significant effect on the process of calming human and increases the reliability coefficient of design and design flexibility. The current research was conducted with the aim to design green roof and investigate the effect of medicinal herbs such as cress, leek, fenugreek, beet, sweet fennel, green basil, purple basil, and purslane on reducing the number of environmental pollutants (copper, zinc, and cadmium). Finally, the weight of the dry plant and the concentration of elements zinc, lead, and cadmium in the herbs was measured. According to the results, the maximum dry weight (88.10 and 73.79 g) was obtained in beet and purslane respectively and the minimum dry weight (24.12 and 25.21) was obtained in purple basil, and green basil respectively. The maximum amount of element zinc (235 and 213 mg/kg) and the maximum amount of lead (143 mg/kg) were seen in sweet fennel and purple basil. In addition, the maximum amount of cadmium (13 mg/kg) was seen in sweet fennel and purple basil and the minimum amount of lead and cadmium (78 and 7 mg/kg) was seen in green basil, and the minimum amount of zinc (110 mg/kg) was seen in leek. On the other hand, the absorption amount of element lead in the herbs beet and purslane was the same and both absorbed 123 mg/kg lead. Environmentally, if green roofs are implemented extensively and in wide dimensions in urban spaces, they will purify and reduce pollution significantly by absorbing carbon dioxide and producing oxygen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20herbs" title="medicinal herbs">medicinal herbs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space" title=" green space"> green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title=" green roof"> green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20basil" title=" green basil"> green basil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96751/using-medicinal-herbs-in-designing-green-roofs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5631</span> The Preliminary Study of the Possible Relationship between Urban Open Space System and Residents' Health Outcome</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia-Jin%20He">Jia-Jin He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Yuan%20Stessa%20Chao"> Tzu-Yuan Stessa Chao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is generally accepted that community residents with abundant open space have better health status on average, and thus more and more cities around the world began their pursuit of the greatest possible amount of green space within urban areas through urban planning approach. Nevertheless, only a few studies managed to provide empirical evidence regarding the actual relationship between 'providing' green space and 'improving' human health at city level. There is also lack of evidence of direct positive improvement of health by increasing the amount of green space. For urban planning professional, it is important to understand citizens’ usage behaviour towards green space as a critical evidence for future planning and design strategies. There is a research need to further investigate the amount of green space, user behaviour of green spaces and the health outcome of urban dwellers. To this end, we would like to find out other important factors for urban dwellers’ usage behaviours of green spaces. 'Average green spaces per person' is one of the National well-being Indicators in Taiwan as in many other countries. Through our preliminary research, we collected and analyzed the official data of planned open space coverages, average life expectancy, exercise frequency and obesity ratio in all cities of Taiwan. The study result indicates an interesting finding that Kaohsiung city, the second largest city in Taiwan, tells a completely different story. Citizens in Kaosiung city have more open spaces than any other city through urban planning, yet have relatively unhealthy condition in contrary. Whether it pointed out that the amount of the open spaces per person has would not direct to the health outcome. Therefore, the pre-established view which states that open spaces must have positive effects on human health should be examined more prudently. Hence, this paper intends to explore the relationship between user behaviour of open spaces and citizens’ health conditions by critically analyzing past related literature and collecting selective data from government health database in 2015. We also take Kaohsiung city, as a case study area to conduct statistical analysis first followed by questionnaire survey to gain a better understanding. Finally, we aim to feedback our findings to the current planning system in Taiwan for better health promotion urbanized areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20spaces" title="open spaces">open spaces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20planning%20systems" title=" urban planning systems"> urban planning systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20cities" title=" healthy cities"> healthy cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20outcomes" title=" health outcomes"> health outcomes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84111/the-preliminary-study-of-the-possible-relationship-between-urban-open-space-system-and-residents-health-outcome" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84111.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5630</span> Green Construction in EGYPT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanan%20A.%20Anwar">Hanan A. Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces green building construction in Egypt with different concepts and practices. The following study includes green building applied definition, guidelines, regulations and Standards. Evaluation of cost/benefit of green construction methods and green construction rating systems are presented. Relevant case studies will be reviewed. Four sites will be included. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20construction" title="green construction">green construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecofreindly" title=" ecofreindly"> ecofreindly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-sufficient%20town" title=" self-sufficient town"> self-sufficient town</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20neutral%20atmosphere" title=" carbon neutral atmosphere"> carbon neutral atmosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630/green-construction-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">656</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5629</span> The Application of Green Technology to Residential Architecture in Hangzhou</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huiru%20Chen">Huiru Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuran%20Zhang"> Xuran Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, the residential architecture in China are still causing high energy consumption and high pollution during their whole life cycle, which can be backward compared with the developed countries. The aim of this paper is to discuss the application of green technology to residential architecture in Hangzhou. This article will start with the development of green buildings, then analyzes the use status of green technology in Hangzhou from several specific measures. Analysis of the typical existing green residential buildings in Hangzhou is an attempt to form a preliminary Hangzhou’s green technology application strategy system. Through research, it has been found that the application of green technology in Hangzhou has changed from putting green to the facade, to the combination of the preservation of the traditional green concept and the modern green technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=application" title="application">application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20technology" title=" green technology"> green technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou" title=" Hangzhou"> Hangzhou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20architecture" title=" residential architecture"> residential architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92930/the-application-of-green-technology-to-residential-architecture-in-hangzhou" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92930.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5628</span> Effect of Green Roofs to Prevent the Dissipation of Energy in Mountainous Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mina%20Ganji%20Morad">Mina Ganji Morad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maziar%20Azadisoleimanieh"> Maziar Azadisoleimanieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Ganji%20Morad"> Sina Ganji Morad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A green roof is formed by green plants alive and has many positive impacts in the regional climatic, as well as indoor. Green roof system to prevent solar radiation plays a role in the cooling space. The cooling is done by reducing thermal fluctuations on the exterior of the roof and by increasing the roof heat capacity which cause to keep the space under the roof cool in the summer and heating rate increases during the winter. A roof garden is one of the recommended ways to reduce energy consumption in large cities. Despite the scale of the city green roofs have effective functions, such as beautiful view of city and decontaminating the urban landscape and reduce mental stress, and in an exchange of energy and heat from outside to inside spaces. This article is based on a review of 20 articles and 10 books and valid survey results on the positive effects of green roofs to prevent energy waste in the building. According to these publications, three of the conventional roof, green roof typical and green roof with certain administrative details (layers of glass) and the use of resistant plants and shrubs have been analyzed and compared their heat transfer. The results of these studies showed that one of the best green roof systems for mountainous climate is tree and shrub system that in addition to being resistant to climate change in mountainous regions, will benefit from the other advantages of green roof. Due to the severity of climate change in mountainous areas it is essential to prevent the waste of buildings heating and cooling energy. Proper climate design can greatly help to reduce energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20roof" title="green roof">green roof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reducing%20energy%20consumption" title=" reducing energy consumption"> reducing energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountainous%20areas" title=" mountainous areas"> mountainous areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20architecture" title=" sustainable architecture"> sustainable architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008/effect-of-green-roofs-to-prevent-the-dissipation-of-energy-in-mountainous-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5627</span> Landscape Factors Eliciting the Sense of Relaxation in Urban Green Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaowen%20Grace%20Chang">Kaowen Grace Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban green spaces play an important role in promoting wellbeing through the sense of relaxation for urban residents. Among many designing factors, what the principal ones that could effectively influence people’s sense of relaxation? And, what are the relationship between the sense of relaxation and those factors? Regarding those questions, there is still little evidence for sufficient support. Therefore, the purpose of this study, based on individual responses to environmental information, is to investigate the landscape factors that relate to well-being through the sense of relaxation in mixed-use urban environments. We conducted the experimental design and model construction utilizing choice-based conjoint analysis to test the factors of plant arrangement pattern, plant trimming condition, the distance to visible automobile, the number of landmark objects, and the depth of view. Through the operation of balanced fractional orthogonal design, the goal is to know the relationship between the sense of relaxation and different designs. In a result, the three factors of plant trimming condition, the distance to visible automobile, and the depth of view shed are significantly effective to the sense of relaxation. The stronger magnitude of maintenance and trimming, the further distance to visible automobiles, and deeper view shed that allow the users to see further scenes could significantly promote green space users’ sense of relaxation in urban green spaces. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20green%20space" title="urban green space">urban green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20planning%20and%20design" title=" landscape planning and design"> landscape planning and design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sense%20of%20relaxation" title=" sense of relaxation"> sense of relaxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choice%20model" title=" choice model"> choice model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105354/landscape-factors-eliciting-the-sense-of-relaxation-in-urban-green-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5626</span> Investigating the Effect of Artificial Intelligence on the Improvement of Green Supply Chain in Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepinoud%20Hamedi">Sepinoud Hamedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the past few decades, companies have appeared developing concerns in connection to the natural affect of their fabricating exercises. Green supply chain administration has been considered by the producers as a attainable choice to decrease the natural affect of operations whereas at the same time moving forward their operational execution. Contemporaneously the coming of digitalization and globalization within the supply chain space has driven to a developing acknowledgment of the importance of data preparing methodologies, such as enormous information analytics and fake insights innovations, in improving and optimizing supply chain execution. Also, supply chain collaboration in part intervenes the relationship between manufactured innovation and supply chain execution Ponders appear that the use of BDA-AI advances includes a significant impact on natural handle integration and green supply chain collaboration conjointly underlines that both natural handle integration and green supply chain collaboration have a critical affect on natural execution. Correspondingly savvy supply chain contributes to green execution through overseeing green connections and setting up green operations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20supply%20chain" title="green supply chain">green supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=manufacturers" title=" manufacturers"> manufacturers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental" title=" environmental"> environmental</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178577/investigating-the-effect-of-artificial-intelligence-on-the-improvement-of-green-supply-chain-in-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5625</span> Exploring Neural Responses to Urban Spaces in Older People Using Mobile EEG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chris%20Neale">Chris Neale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Roe"> Jenny Roe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Aspinall"> Peter Aspinall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Tilley"> Sara Tilley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steve%20Cinderby"> Steve Cinderby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Panos%20Mavros"> Panos Mavros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Coyne"> Richard Coyne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20Thin"> Neil Thin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catharine%20Ward%20Thompson"> Catharine Ward Thompson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research directly assesses older people’s neural activation in response to walking through a changing urban environment, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). As the global urban population is predicted to grow, there is a need to understand the role that the urban environment may play on the health of its older inhabitants. There is a large body of evidence suggesting green space has a beneficial restorative effect, but this effect remains largely understudied in both older people and by using a neuroimaging assessment. For this study, participants aged 65 years and over were required to walk between a busy urban built environment and a green urban environment, in a counterbalanced design, wearing an Emotiv EEG headset to record real-time neural responses to place. Here we report on the outputs for these responses derived from both the proprietary Affectiv Suite software, which creates emotional parameters with a real time value assigned to them, as well as the raw EEG output focusing on alpha and beta changes, associated with changes in relaxation and attention respectively. Each walk lasted around fifteen minutes and was undertaken at the natural walking pace of the participant. The two walking environments were compared using a form of high dimensional correlated component regression (CCR) on difference data between the urban busy and urban green spaces. For the Emotiv parameters, results showed that levels of ‘engagement’ increased in the urban green space (with a subsequent decrease in the urban busy built space) whereas levels of ‘excitement’ increased in the urban busy environment (with a subsequent decrease in the urban green space). In the raw data, low beta (13 – 19 Hz) increased in the urban busy space with a subsequent decrease shown in the green space, similar to the pattern shown with the ‘excitement’ result. Alpha activity (9 – 13 Hz) shows a correlation with low beta, but not with dependent change in the regression model. This suggests that alpha is acting as a suppressor variable. These results suggest that there are neural signatures associated with the experience of urban spaces which may reflect the age of the cohort or the spatiality of the settings themselves. These are shown both in the outputs of the proprietary software as well as the raw EEG output. Built busy urban spaces appear to induce neural activity associated with vigilance and low level stress, while this effect is ameliorated in the urban green space, potentially suggesting a beneficial effect on attentional capacity in urban green space in this participant group. The interaction between low beta and alpha requires further investigation, in particular the role of alpha in this relationship. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ageing" title="ageing">ageing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title=" EEG"> EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space" title=" green space"> green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20space" title=" urban space"> urban space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55659/exploring-neural-responses-to-urban-spaces-in-older-people-using-mobile-eeg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5624</span> Exploring the Availability and Distribution of Public Green Spaces among Riyadh Residential Neighborhoods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulwahab%20Alalyani">Abdulwahab Alalyani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahbub%20Rashid"> Mahbub Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public green space promotes community health including daily activities, but these resources may not be available enough or may not equitably be distributed. This paper measures and compares the availability of public green spaces (PGS) among low, middle, and high-income neighborhoods in the Riyadh city. Additionally, it compares the total availability of PGS to WHO standard and Dubai availability of PGS per person. All PGS were mapped using geographical information systems, and total area availability of PGS compared to WHO and Dubai standards. To evaluate the significant differences in PGS availability across low, medium, and high-income Riyadh neighborhoods, we used a One-way ANOVA analysis of covariance to test the differences. As a result, by comparing PGS of Riyadh neighborhoods to WHO and Dubai-availability, it was found that Riyadh PGS were lower than the minimum standard of WHO and as well as Dubai. Riyadh has only 1.13 m<sup>2 </sup>per capita of PGS. The second finding, the availability of PGS, was significantly different among Riyadh neighborhoods based on socioeconomic status. The future development of PGS should be focused on increasing PGS availability and should be given priority to those low-income and unhealthy communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20equity" title="spatial equity">spatial equity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20space" title=" green space"> green space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=built%20environment" title=" built environment"> built environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136382/exploring-the-availability-and-distribution-of-public-green-spaces-among-riyadh-residential-neighborhoods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5623</span> Towards Green(er) Cities: The Role of Spatial Planning in Realising the Green Agenda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizelle%20Juane%C3%A9%20Cilliers">Elizelle Juaneé Cilliers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The green hype is becoming stronger within various disciplines, modern practices and academic thinking, enforced by concepts such as eco-health, eco-tourism, eco-cities, and eco-engineering. There is currently also an expanded scientific understanding regarding the value and benefits relating to green infrastructure, for both communities and their host cities, linked to broader sustainability and resilience thinking. The integration and implementation of green infrastructure as part of spatial planning approaches and municipal planning, are, however, more complex, especially in South Africa, inflated by limitations of budgets and human resources, development pressures, inequities in terms of green space availability and political legacies of the past. The prevailing approach to spatial planning is further contributing to complexity, linked to misguided perceptions of the function and value of green infrastructure. As such, green spaces are often considered a luxury, and green infrastructure a costly alternative, resulting in green networks being susceptible to land-use changes and under-prioritized in local authority decision-making. Spatial planning, in this sense, may well be a valuable tool to realise the green agenda, encapsulating various initiatives of sustainability as provided by a range of disciplines. This paper aims to clarify the importance and value of green infrastructure planning as a component of spatial planning approaches, in order to inform and encourage local authorities to embed sustainability thinking into city planning and decision-making approaches. It reflects on the decisive role of land-use management to guide the green agenda and refers to some recent planning initiatives. Lastly, it calls for trans-disciplinary planning approaches to build a case towards green(er) cities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure" title="green infrastructure">green infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20planning" title=" spatial planning"> spatial planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transdisciplinary" title=" transdisciplinary"> transdisciplinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrative" title=" integrative"> integrative</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72182/towards-greener-cities-the-role-of-spatial-planning-in-realising-the-green-agenda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72182.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5622</span> Programmable Shields in Space</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapas%20Kumar%20Sinha">Tapas Kumar Sinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Mathew"> Joseph Mathew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the moment earth is in grave danger due to threats of global warming. The temperature of the earth has risen by almost 20C. Glaciers in the Arctic have started to melt. It would be foolhardy to think that this is a small effect and in time it would go away. Global warming is caused by a number of factors. However, one sure and simple way to totally eliminate this problem is to put programmable shields in space. Just as an umbrella blocks sunlight, a programmable shield in space will block sun rays from reaching the earth as in a solar eclipse and cause cooling in the penumbral region just as it happens during an eclipse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glaciers" title="glaciers">glaciers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20house" title=" green house"> green house</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20warming%20space" title=" global warming space"> global warming space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellites" title=" satellites "> satellites </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29124/programmable-shields-in-space" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29124.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5621</span> Green Space and Their Possibilities of Enhancing Urban Life in Dhaka City, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ummeh%20Saika">Ummeh Saika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshio%20Kikuchi"> Toshio Kikuchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Population growth and urbanization is a global phenomenon. As the rapid progress of technology, many cities in the international community are facing serious problems of urbanization. There is no doubt that the urbanization will proceed to have significant impact on the ecology, economy and society at local, regional, and global levels. The inhabitants of Dhaka city suffer from lack of proper urban facilities. The green spaces are needed for different functional and leisure activities of the urban dwellers. Again growing densification, a number of green space are transferred into open space in the Dhaka city. As a result greenery of the city's decreases gradually. Moreover, the existing green space is frequently threatened by encroachment. The role of green space, both at community and city level, is important to improve the natural environment and social ties for future generations. Therefore, it seems that the green space needs to be more effective for public interaction. The main objective of this study is to address the effectiveness of urban green space (Urban Park) of Dhaka City. Two approaches are selected to fulfill the study. Firstly, analyze the long-term spatial changes of urban green space using GIS and secondly, investigate the relationship of urban park network with physical and social environment. The case study site covers eight urban parks of Dhaka metropolitan area of Bangladesh. Two aspects (Physical and Social) are applied for this study. For physical aspect, satellite images and aerial photos of different years are used to find out the changes of urban parks. And for social aspect, methods are used as questionnaire survey, interview, observation, photographs, sketch and previous information of parks to analyze about the social environment of parks. After calculation of all data by descriptive statistics, result is shown by maps using GIS. According to physical size, parks of Dhaka city are classified into four types: Small, Medium, Large and Extra Large parks. The observed result showed that the physical and social environment of urban parks varies with their size. In small size parks physical environment is moderate by newly tree plantation and area expansion. However, in medium size parks physical environment are poor, example- tree decrease, exposed soil increase. On the other hand, physical environment of large size and extra large size parks are in good condition, because of plenty of vegetation and well management. Again based on social environment, in small size parks people mainly come from surroundings area and mainly used as waiting place. In medium-size parks, people come to attend various occasion from different places. In large size and extra large size parks, people come from every part of the city area for tourism purpose. Urban parks are important source of green space. Its influence both physical and social environment of urban area. Nowadays green space area gradually decreases and transfer into open space. The consequence of this research reveals that changes of urban parks influence both physical and social environment and also impact on urban life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20environment" title="physical environment">physical environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20environment" title=" social environment"> social environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20life" title=" urban life"> urban life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20parks" title=" urban parks"> urban parks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70330/green-space-and-their-possibilities-of-enhancing-urban-life-in-dhaka-city-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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