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aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Галоўнае меню" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Галоўнае меню</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div 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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Апошнія змены</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:NewPages"><span>Новыя старонкі</span></a></li><li id="n-Village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:Random" title="Паказаць выпадковую старонку [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Выпадковая старонка</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Дзе можна атрымаць тлумачэнні."><span>Даведка</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%96"><span>Паведаміць пра памылку</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Вікіпедыя" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-be.svg" style="width: 7.625em; 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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Увайсці</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Больш магчымасцей" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Асабістыя інструменты" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Асабістыя інструменты</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Меню ўдзельніка" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_be.wikipedia.org&uselang=be"><span>Ахвяраваць</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:CreateAccount&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96+%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вам прапануецца стварыць уліковы запіс і ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта не абавязкова"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Стварыць уліковы запіс</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:UserLogin&returnto=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96+%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вам прапануецца ўвайсці ў сістэму, але гэта неабавязкова. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Увайсці</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Старонкі для ананімных рэдактараў <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0" aria-label="Даведацца больш пра праўку"><span>даведацца больш</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyContributions" title="Спіс правак, зробленых з гэтага IP-адраса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Уклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5:MyTalk" title="Размовы пра праўкі, зробленыя з гэтага IP-адраса [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Размовы</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Праект"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Змест" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Змест</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">перанесці да бакавой панэлі</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">схаваць</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пачатак</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Пералік_пачаткаў_тэрмадынамікі" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Пералік_пачаткаў_тэрмадынамікі"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Пералік пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Пералік_пачаткаў_тэрмадынамікі-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ураўненні_стану" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ураўненні_стану"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ураўненні стану</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ураўненні_стану-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Змест" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Пераключыць змест" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Пераключыць змест</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Перайсці да артыкула на іншай мове. Даступны на 39 мовах." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 моў</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قوانين الديناميكا الحرارية – арабская" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قوانين الديناميكا الحرارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamikan%C4%B1n_qanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamikanın qanunları – азербайджанская" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termodinamikanın qanunları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="তাপগতিবিদ্যার সূত্র – бенгальская" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাপগতিবিদ্যার সূত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleis_de_la_termodin%C3%A0mica" title="Lleis de la termodinàmica – каталанская" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lleis de la termodinàmica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="یاساکانی داینامیکە گەرمی – цэнтральнакурдская" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاساکانی داینامیکە گەرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="цэнтральнакурдская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamick%C3%BD_z%C3%A1kon" title="Termodynamický zákon – чэшская" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termodynamický zákon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чэшская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем – чувашская" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Термодинамика пуçламăшĕсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics" title="Laws of thermodynamics – англійская" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Laws of thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="англійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principios_de_la_termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Principios de la termodinámica – іспанская" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Principios de la termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="іспанская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="قوانین ترمودینامیک – фарсі" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوانین ترمودینامیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="фарсі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamiikan_p%C3%A4%C3%A4s%C3%A4%C3%A4nn%C3%B6t" title="Termodynamiikan pääsäännöt – фінская" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Termodynamiikan pääsäännöt" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principes_de_la_thermodynamique" title="Principes de la thermodynamique – французская" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Principes de la thermodynamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leis_da_termodin%C3%A1mica" title="Leis da termodinámica – галісійская" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leis da termodinámica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галісійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="ऊष्मागतिकी के सिद्धान्त – хіндзі" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊष्मागतिकी के सिद्धान्त" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хіндзі" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_termodinamika" title="Hukum termodinamika – інданезійская" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hukum termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="інданезійская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 법칙 – карэйская" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열역학 법칙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="карэйская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamikos_d%C4%97sniai" title="Termodinamikos dėsniai – літоўская" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Termodinamikos dėsniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="літоўская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Основни принципи на термодинамиката – македонская" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Основни принципи на термодинамиката" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="താപഗതികതത്ത്വങ്ങൾ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താപഗതികതത്ത്വങ്ങൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukum_termodinamik" title="Hukum termodinamik – малайская" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hukum termodinamik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="ऊष्मागतिकीको नियम – непальская" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ऊष्मागतिकीको नियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непальская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoofdwetten_van_de_thermodynamica" title="Hoofdwetten van de thermodynamica – нідэрландская" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoofdwetten van de thermodynamica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нідэрландская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasady_termodynamiki" title="Zasady termodynamiki – польская" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasady termodynamiki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lej_dla_termodin%C3%A0mica" title="Lej dla termodinàmica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lej dla termodinàmica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principiile_termodinamicii" title="Principiile termodinamicii – румынская" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Principiile termodinamicii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Начала термодинамики – руская" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Начала термодинамики" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakoni_termodinamike" title="Zakoni termodinamike – сербскахарвацкая" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zakoni termodinamike" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскахарвацкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics" title="Laws of thermodynamics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Laws of thermodynamics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakoni_termodinamike" title="Zakoni termodinamike – славенская" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zakoni termodinamike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="славенская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Закони термодинамике – сербская" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Закони термодинамике" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="якасны артыкул"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamikens_huvudsatser" title="Termodynamikens huvudsatser – шведская" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termodynamikens huvudsatser" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఉష్ణగతిక సూత్రాలు – тэлугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉష్ణగతిక సూత్రాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="тэлугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กฎของอุณหพลศาสตร์ – тайская" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กฎของอุณหพลศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_batas_ng_termodinamika" title="Mga batas ng termodinamika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga batas ng termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik_kanunlar%C4%B1" title="Termodinamik kanunları – турэцкая" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Termodinamik kanunları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турэцкая" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Закони термодинаміки – украінская" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Закони термодинаміки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украінская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="حرحرکیات کے قوانین – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حرحرکیات کے قوانین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學定律 – кітайская" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="熱力學定律" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="кітайская" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="熱力學定律 – кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="熱力學定律" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонскі дыялект кітайскай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Нулявы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Нулявы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Першы</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Другі</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Трэці</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Пачатку тэрмадынамікі</b> — сукупнасць <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Пастулат">пастулатаў</a>, якія ляжаць у аснове <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">тэрмадынамікі</a>. Гэтыя палажэнні былі ўсталяваныя ў выніку навуковых даследаванняў і былі даказаны эксперыментальна. У якасці пастулатаў яны прымаюцца для таго, каб тэрмадынаміку можна было пабудаваць аксіяматычна. </p><p>Неабходнасць пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі звязана з тым, што тэрмадынаміка апісвае макраскапічныя параметры сістэм без канкрэтных здагадак адносна іх мікраскапічнага прылады. Пытаннямі ўнутранага прылады займаецца <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статыстычная фізіка">статыстычная фізіка</a>. </p><p>Пачатку тэрмадынамікі незалежныя, гэта значыць ні адно з іх не можа быць выведзена з іншых пачаткаў. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Пералік_пачаткаў_тэрмадынамікі"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BB.D1.96.D0.BA_.D0.BF.D0.B0.D1.87.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.9E_.D1.82.D1.8D.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.B4.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B0.D0.BC.D1.96.D0.BA.D1.96"></span>Пералік пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Правіць раздзел: Пералік пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&section=1" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Пералік пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі ўяўляе сабой <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%96" title="Закон захавання энергіі">закон захавання энергіі</a> ва ўжыванні да тэрмадынамічнай сістэмы.</li></ul> <ul><li>Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі накладвае абмежаванні на кірунак тэрмадынамічных працэсаў, забараняючы самаадвольную перадачу цяпла ад менш нагрэтых цел да больш нагрэтых. Таксама фармулюецца як <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Закон узрастання энтрапіі (няма такой старонкі)">закон узрастання энтрапіі</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі кажа пра тое, як <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Энтрапія">энтрапія</a> паводзіць сябе паблізу <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Абсалютны нуль тэмпературы">абсалютнага нуля тэмператур</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Нулявым (або агульным) пачаткам тэрмадынамікі часам называюць прынцып, згодна з якім замкнёная сістэма незалежна ад пачатковага стану ў рэшце рэшт прыходзіць да стану <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынамічная раўнавага">тэрмадынамічнай раўнавагі</a> і самастойна выйсці з яго не можа.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ураўненні_стану"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.9E.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BD.D1.96_.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.83"></span>Ураўненні стану</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Правіць раздзел: Ураўненні стану" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>правіць</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&section=2" title="Правіць зыходнік раздзела: Ураўненні стану"><span>правіць зыходнік</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Пры аналізе тэрмадынамічных сістэм, акрамя пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі, патрабуюцца ўраўненні стану сістэмы. Гэтак жа, як і пачала, ўраўненні стану не ўтрымліваюцца ў тэрмадынаміцы і павінны быць узятыя з вопыту ці з статыстычнай фізікі. У адрозненне ад пачаткаў тэрмадынамікі, ўраўненні стану не носяць усёабдымнага характару, а дастасавальныя для канкрэтных тэрмадынамічных сістэм. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4785216">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Тэрмадынаміка" data-name="Тэрмадынаміка" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/28px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="14" data-file-height="14" /></a></span></span><div id="Тэрмадынаміка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">Тэрмадынаміка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Раздзелы тэрмадынамікі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ураўненне стану">Ураўненне стану</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Тэрмадынамічныя велічыні">Тэрмадынамічныя велічыні</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы">Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы">Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Фазавы пераход">Фазавыя пераходы</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Нулявы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Агульны пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4785216"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Фізіка_(эксперыментальная_•_тэарэтычная)" data-name="Раздзелы фізікі" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><span class="navbox-gear" style="float:left;text-align:left;width:5em;margin-right:0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Прагляд гэтага шаблона"><img alt="⛭" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/14px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg/21px-Wikipedia_interwiki_section_gear_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Асноўныя раздзелы фізікі (няма такой старонкі)">Асноўныя раздзелы</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Механіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0#Раздзелы_механікі" title="Механіка">Механіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класічная механіка">Класічная механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэарэтычная механіка">Тэарэтычная механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Спецыяльная тэорыя адноснасці">Спецыяльная тэорыя адноснасці</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Агульная тэорыя адноснасці">Агульная тэорыя адноснасці</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рэлятывісцкая механіка">Рэлятывісцкая механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая механіка">Квантавая механіка</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Механіка суцэльных асяроддзяў">Механіка суцэльных асяроддзяў</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Газадынаміка">Газадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гідрадынаміка">Гідрадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гідрастатыка">Гідрастатыка</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Тэорыі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Тэорыя ваганняў">Тэорыя ваганняў</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96" title="Тэорыя ўстойлівасці">Тэорыя ўстойлівасці</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Прыкладная механіка</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Супраціўленне матэрыялаў">Супраціўленне матэрыялаў</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Будаўнічая механіка">Будаўнічая механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нябесная механіка">Нябесная механіка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Тэрмадынаміка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Тэрмадынаміка">Тэрмадынаміка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Раздзелы тэрмадынамікі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Ураўненне стану">Ураўненне стану</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Тэрмадынамічныя велічыні">Тэрмадынамічныя велічыні</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы">Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы">Тэрмадынамічныя цыклы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Фазавы пераход">Фазавыя пераходы</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Пачаткі тэрмадынамікі</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Нулявы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Агульны пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Першы пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Другі пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі">Трэці пачатак тэрмадынамікі</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Электрадынаміка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрадынаміка">Электрадынаміка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрастатыка">Электрастатыка</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрадынаміка">Электрадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Магнітастатыка">Магнітастатыка</a> і <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Магнітадынаміка (няма такой старонкі)">Магнітадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рэлятывісцкая электрадынаміка">Рэлятывісцкая электрадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая электрадынаміка">Квантавая электрадынаміка</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%9E" title="Электрадынаміка суцэльных асяроддзяў">Электрадынаміка суцэльных асяроддзяў</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Магнітагідрадынаміка">Магнітагідрадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электрагідрадынаміка">Электрагідрадынаміка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ваганні_і_хвалі" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Ваганні">Ваганні</a> і <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Хваля">хвалі</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Оптыка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптыка">Оптыка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Геаметрычная оптыка">Геаметрычная оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізічная оптыка">Фізічная оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хвалевая оптыка">Хвалевая оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая оптыка">Квантавая оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нелінейная оптыка">Нелінейная оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэорыя выпускання святла (няма такой старонкі)">Тэорыя выпускання святла</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэорыя ўзаемадзеяння святла з рэчывам (няма такой старонкі)">Тэорыя ўзаемадзеяння святла з рэчывам</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Спектраскапія">Спектраскапія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лазерная оптыка (няма такой старонкі)">Лазерная оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Фотаметрыя">Фотаметрыя</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фізіялагічная оптыка (няма такой старонкі)">Фізіялагічная оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оптаэлектроніка">Оптаэлектроніка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Аптычныя прылады">Аптычныя прылады</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Сумежныя кірункі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустаоптыка">Акустаоптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крышталяоптыка">Крышталяоптыка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Акустыка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустыка">Акустыка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фізічная акустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Агульная (фізічная) акустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Геаметрычная акустыка">Геаметрычная акустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Псіхаакустыка">Псіхаакустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Біяакустыка">Біяакустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Электраакустыка">Электраакустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Гідраакустыка">Гідраакустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ультрагукавая акустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Ультрагукавая акустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Квантавая акустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Квантавая акустыка</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустаэлектроніка">акустаэлектроніка</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустычная фанетыка">Акустычная фанетыка</a> (Акустыка маўлення)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Прыкладная акустыка</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Архітэктурная акустыка">Архітэктурная акустыка</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Будаўнічая акустыка">Будаўнічая акустыка</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аэраакустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Аэраакустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Музычная акустыка">Музычная акустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Акустыка транспарту (няма такой старонкі)">Акустыка транспарту</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Медыцынская акустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Медыцынская акустыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Лічбавая акустыка (няма такой старонкі)">Лічбавая акустыка</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px">Сумежныя кірункі</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Акустаоптыка">Акустаоптыка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Радыёфізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Радыёфізіка">Радыёфізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Класічная радыёфізіка (няма такой старонкі)">Класічная радыёфізіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая радыёфізіка">Квантавая радыёфізіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Статыстычная радыёфізіка (няма такой старонкі)">Статыстычная радыёфізіка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Статыстычная_фізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статыстычная фізіка">Статыстычная фізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Статыстычная механіка">Статыстычная механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Малекулярная фізіка">Малекулярная фізіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фізічная кінетыка">Фізічная кінетыка</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Фізіка кандэнсаванага стану">Фізіка кандэнсаванага стану</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Фізіка цвёрдага цела">Фізіка цвёрдага цела</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Фізіка вадкасцей">Фізіка вадкасцей</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E_%D1%96_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Фізіка атамаў і малекул">Фізіка атамаў і малекул</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фізіка нанаструктур (няма такой старонкі)">Фізіка нанаструктур</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Квантавая_фізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая фізіка">Квантавая фізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая механіка">Квантавая механіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Квантавая тэорыя поля">Квантавая тэорыя поля</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая статыстыка">Квантавая статыстыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая оптыка">Квантавая оптыка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая электрадынаміка">Квантавая электрадынаміка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Квантавая хромадынаміка">Квантавая хромадынаміка</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Фізіка_элементарных_часціц" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86" title="Фізіка элементарных часціц">Фізіка элементарных часціц</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Фізіка высокіх энергій">Фізіка высокіх энергій</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%96%D1%86" title="Фенаменалогія элементарных часціц">Фенаменалогія элементарных часціц</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Атамная_фізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Атамная фізіка">Атамная фізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Атамная тэорыя">Тэорыя атама</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Атамная спектраскапія">Атамная спектраскапія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7" title="Рэнтгенаспектральны аналіз">Рэнтгенаўская спектраскапія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%91%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Радыёспектраскапія">Радыёспектраскапія</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Фізіка атамных сутыкненняў (няма такой старонкі)">Фізіка атамных сутыкненняў</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ядзерная_фізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ядзерная фізіка">Ядзерная фізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Нейтронная фізіка">Нейтронная фізіка</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%E2%80%99%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Фізіка гіпер’ядраў">Фізіка гіпер’ядраў</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Тэорыя_поля" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Поле (фізіка)">Тэорыя поля</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Класічная тэорыя поля">Класічная тэорыя поля</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Квантавая тэорыя поля">Квантавая тэорыя поля</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1px"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Прыкладная фізіка">Прыкладная фізіка</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Хімічная_фізіка" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 5em"><b><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хімічная фізіка">Хімічная фізіка</a></b></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэрмадынаміка газаў (няма такой старонкі)">Тэрмадынаміка газаў</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Тэрмадынаміка раствораў (няма такой старонкі)">Тэрмадынаміка раствораў</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Фізіка плазмы">Фізіка плазмы</a><span style="font-weight:bold"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" 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