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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(I-15_M-25)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(I-15_M-25)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Specifications (I-15 M-25)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(I-15_M-25)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polikarpov I-15</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpof_I-15" title="Polikarpof I-15 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polikarpof I-15" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A2%D9%8A-15" title="بوليكاربوف آي-15 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوليكاربوف آي-15" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86-15" title="І-15 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="І-15" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98-15" title="И-15 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="И-15" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polik%C3%A0rpov_I-15" title="Polikàrpov I-15 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polikàrpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpow_I-15" title="Polikarpow I-15 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polikarpow I-15" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A2%DB%8C-%DB%B1%DB%B5" title="پولیکارپوف آی-۱۵ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولیکارپوف آی-۱۵" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98-15" title="И-15 – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="И-15" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-15_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="I-15 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="I-15 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-15" title="I-15 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="I-15" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98-15" title="И-15 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="И-15" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%98-15" title="Поликарпов И-15 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поликарпов И-15" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_%C4%B0-15" title="Polikarpov İ-15 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polikarpov İ-15" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86-15" title="І-15 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="І-15" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Polikarpov I-15 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Polikarpov I-15" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A-15%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" title="伊-15戰鬥機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊-15戰鬥機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q696089#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">I-15 and I-15bis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/300px-Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/450px-Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/600px-Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="782" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">I-15bis</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Fighter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov" title="Polikarpov">Polikarpov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Nikolaevich_Polikarpov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov">Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a><div> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="Spanish Republican Air Force">Spanish Republican Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Air Force">Chinese Nationalist Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Army" title="Mongolian People's Army">Mongolian People's Army Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">3,313 (plus 3,437 I-153)<sup id="cite_ref-wio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1934–1937<sup id="cite_ref-wio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1933</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">Polikarpov I-5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variants</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">Polikarpov I-153</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Polikarpov I-15</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">И-15</span>) was a Soviet <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> of the 1930s. Nicknamed <i>Chaika</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Чайка</span></i>, "Seagull") because of its <a href="/wiki/Gull_wing" title="Gull wing">gulled</a> upper wings,<sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russian_p299-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was operated in large numbers by the Soviet Air Force, and together with the <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">Polikarpov I-16</a> monoplane, was one of the standard fighters of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republicans</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, where it was called Chato (snub-nose).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg/220px-Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg/330px-Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg/440px-Polikarpov_I-15_front_quarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Polikarpov I-15 showing gulled top wing</figcaption></figure> <p>The design for the 14th fighter for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">VVS</a>, the I-14, started as an advanced (for the era) monoplane under the direction of <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tupolev" title="Andrei Tupolev">Andrei Tupolev</a>. He grew concerned that the design would not mature, and ordered two backup biplane designs as the I-14A and B just to be safe. <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Nikolaevich_Polikarpov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov">Polikarpov</a> had just been released from prison in August 1932, and was handed the I-14A project. When both the I-14 and I-14A were ordered into production, Polikarpov's design, a development of the <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">I-5</a> fighter became the famous <b>I-15</b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first flight was made in October 1933 with <a href="/wiki/Valery_Chkalov" title="Valery Chkalov">V.P. Chkalov</a> at the controls, powered by an imported <a href="/wiki/Wright_R-1820_Cyclone" title="Wright R-1820 Cyclone">Wright R-1820 Cyclone</a> engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p9_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p9-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The I-15, also known by its development name <b>TsKB-3</b>, was a small biplane fighter with a gulled upper wing. The single bay wings were of wooden construction, while the fuselage was of mixed steel and duralumin construction, with a fabric covered rear fuselage.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production started in 1934, initially being powered by the <a href="/wiki/Shvetsov" class="mw-redirect" title="Shvetsov">Shvetsov</a> M-22, a licence-built version of the <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Jupiter" title="Bristol Jupiter">Bristol Jupiter</a> <a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">radial engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While less powerful than the Cyclone, the M-22 powered aircraft were still superior to the I-5 which it replaced, demonstrating excellent manoeuvrability.<sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production switched to the 515 kW (691 hp) <a href="/wiki/Shvetsov_M-25" title="Shvetsov M-25">Shvetsov M-25</a> engine (a license-built, <a href="/wiki/Metrication" title="Metrication">metricified</a> Cyclone) in late 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russian_p299-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A total of 671 I-15s were built, 284 in the Soviet Union and a further 287 under license by <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_Aeron%C3%A1uticas_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA">CASA</a> in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-Variants_p120_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variants_p120-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gulled upper wing of the I-15 was unpopular with some pilots, as it was felt to restrict visibility, so Polikarpov's <a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">design bureau</a> produced a revised version, again powered by the M-25, with a longer span un-gulled upper wing.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russian_p299-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version, the I-15bis, commenced production in 1937,<sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p18_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p18-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a total of 2,408 I-15bis' being delivered by the time production finished in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russian_p299-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/220px-Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/330px-Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg/440px-Chinese_Polikarpov_I-15bis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Chinese Polikarpov I-15bis with pilot Xu Jixiang of the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Chinese_Nationalist_air_force_(1937%E2%80%931945)#Units_of_the_Chinese_Airforce_1937–1945" title="Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)">17th PS, 5th PG</a> who fought the new <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">IJNAF</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">A6M <i>Zero-sen</i></a> air-superiority fighter on 13 September 1940 in the I-15bis during the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Battle of Chongqing</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China">China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1937, the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> Government signed a non-aggression pact with the USSR, and in autumn of the same year, the Soviet Union commenced to ship I-15s as a part of a programme of military aid to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Air_Force" title="Republic of China Air Force">Chinese Air Force</a> (CAF) in its defensive war against Japan. More than 250 Soviet pilots volunteered to fly the 255 I-15s supplied to China in autumn 1937. By 1939, the total number of Polikarpov biplanes delivered to CAF reached 347 I-15/I-15bis.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._33_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._33-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The I-15bis also saw a great amount of action in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a> along the <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Mongolia_border" title="China–Mongolia border">China–Mongolia border</a>. From 1938 to 1941, I-15s in the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_Chinese_Nationalist_air_force_(1937%E2%80%931945)" title="Development of Chinese Nationalist air force (1937–1945)">Nationalist Air Force of China</a>, fought many major battles, and skirmishes against invading and occupying Japanese forces, including the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taierzhuang" title="Battle of Taierzhuang">Battle of Taierzhuang</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wuhan" title="Battle of Wuhan">Battle of Wuhan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Battle of Chongqing-Chengdu</a>, etc. The tough <a href="/wiki/Biplane" title="Biplane">biplane</a> was quite clearly outmatched during the debut dogfight against the new <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a> fighter over <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a> on 13 September 1940, although I-15bis pilots Maj. <a href="/wiki/Zheng_Shaoyu" title="Zheng Shaoyu">Zheng Shaoyu</a>, Lt. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gao_Youxin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gao Youxin (page does not exist)">Gao Youxin</a>, and Lt. Xu Jixiang were able to target and damage some of the Zeroes, with Lt. Gao believing he had shot one down (all Zeroes returned to base in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, with four Zeroes suffering some damage); all three of those pilots survived the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pilot Captain Shen Tse-Liu is credited with 4 victories in his I-15bis, the most with the aircraft in the war.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mongolia">Mongolia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mongolia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1939 Polikarpov fighters were extensively used during the <a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a> fought around the <a href="/wiki/Khalkha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalkha River">Khalkha River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dornod_Province" title="Dornod Province">Dornod Province</a>. The battles were fought during 11 May–16 September 1939, and involved more than 600 planes. When hostilities commenced, the only I-15bis in the area were 14 aircraft of 70th IAP. Their number increased in the following weeks: on 23 May, 35 I-15bis from 22nd IAP arrived from the Trans-Baikal region.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the Mongolian Polikarpov pilots had been hastily trained and they suffered heavy losses against the more experienced Japanese pilots. During this conflict, the Soviet Union, Mongolia and Japan lost more than 200 aircraft each.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._42_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._42-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10 aircraft were delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Army" title="Mongolian People's Army">Mongolian People's Army Air Force</a> in mid-July 1939 and flight personnel were trained for <a href="/wiki/Rear_(military)" title="Rear (military)">rear</a> air defence. Afterwards, they received more than 30 aircraft in March 1942.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The I-15 was used extensively in combat by the Republicans in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and proved to be one of the best fighter biplanes of its time. The Nationalists called the fighter "Curtiss", apparently believing it to be the <a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F11C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss F11C Goshawk">Curtiss F11C Goshawk</a>. The first batch of 25 Polikarpovs arrived in <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Cartagena</a>, Spain, on 28 October 1936,<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 15 pilots, led by future ace <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Rychagov" title="Pavel Rychagov">Pavel Rychagov</a>. A few days later a further group of 10 pilots and 15 aircraft arrived in <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._16_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet pilots first went into action 4 November, when I-15s shot down two <a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Junkers Ju 52</a>/3ms and two CR.32s over Madrid, and forced a third Ju 52 and a Heinkel two-seater to crash-land.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No losses were reported among the Soviet pilots. During the next two days, <i>Chato</i> pilots claimed 12 more victories, at the cost of two I-15s lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._18_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._18-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 November, while dogfighting with <a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">Fiat CR.32s</a> over Madrid, future ace Rychagov was shot down <sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._17_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._17-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and four days later the number of combat-ready Polikarpov in the central area had fallen to 15 aircraft: seven had been lost in combat, two had force-landed and one was undergoing repair.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._18_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._18-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1936 and January 1937, two more shipments of 30 aircraft arrived in Spain, making it possible to form four full-strength I-15 squadrons. Until the spring of 1937, central Spain was the main war theatre for I-15s. And in May 1937, another batch of 31 Polikarpov landed in Spain, taking the total number of I-15s delivered to 116.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._21_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._21-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Chato</i> losses in the Spanish Civil War were comparable to those of its principal rival, the <a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">Fiat CR.32</a>. By 1 January 1939, 197 Polikarpovs had been lost: 88 shot down by enemy aircraft and nine by anti-aircraft artillery, 27 destroyed on the ground and 67 written off in accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-Maslov_p._24_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maslov_p._24-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 1,000 I-15bis fighters were still in Soviet use during the German invasion when the biplane was employed in the ground attack role. Many were destroyed in the opening hours of the invasion sitting in neat rows on their runways.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By November 1943, all examples still in service had been relegated to second line duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Special:EditPage/Polikarpov I-15">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/I-15bis.ogv/220px--I-15bis.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="102" data-mwtitle="I-15bis.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:I-15bis.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/I-15bis.ogv/I-15bis.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/I-15bis.ogv/I-15bis.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/I-15bis.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c5/I-15bis.ogv/I-15bis.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /></video></span><figcaption>Polikarpov I-15bis in flight</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>TsKB-3bis</dt> <dd>Prototype.</dd> <dt>TsKB-3ter</dt> <dd>Prototype fitted with the more powerful M-25V radial piston engine.</dd> <dt>I-15</dt> <dd>First production series.</dd> <dt>I-15bis</dt> <dd>Single-seat fighter biplane, armed with four 7.62 mm (0.30 in) PV-1 or ShKAS machine guns, plus up to 150 kg (330 lb) of bombs. The I-15bis was powered by the more powerful 570 kW (760 hp; 770 PS) <a href="/wiki/Shvetsov_M-25" title="Shvetsov M-25">Shvetsov M-25</a>V radial piston engine. It had a straight upper wing. A total of 2,408 machines were built.</dd> <dt>I-152</dt> <dd>Modernised version of I-15bis. One built in 1938. Series production was not undertaken, since it was decided to build I-153 instead.</dd> <dt>I-152GK</dt> <dd>(<i>Germetichyeskoi Kabine</i> – hermetic (pressure) cabin) – One aircraft fitted with a pressure cabin.</dd> <dt>I-152TK</dt> <dd>(Turbo Kompressor – turbo-charged) – One aircraft fitted with two turbochargers.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">I-15ter (I-153)</a></dt> <dd>Development of the I-15 with retractable landing gear, see <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">Polikarpov I-153</a>.</dd> <dt>UTI-1</dt> <dd>(<i>Oochebno Trenirovochnyy Istrebitel' </i> – fighter trainer) – Factory-built two-seat trainer version, front cockpit moved forwards, dual controls fitted, 20 built in 1934 but not used by VVS<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Chung 28B</dt> <dd>China product version. base on I-152,equip with 712hp Wright R-1820-F3 engine,armed with four .30 <a href="/wiki/Browning_machine_gun" title="Browning machine gun">Browning machine gun</a>,total 30 built.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Polikarpov_I-15" title="Special:EditPage/Polikarpov I-15">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg/220px-I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg/330px-I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/I-15_Polikarpov_Tinker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="222" /></a><figcaption>Spanish Republican Air Force <i>"Chato"</i></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span data-sort-value="Republic of China"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Republic of China</a></span></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Nationalist_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Nationalist Air Force">Chinese Nationalist Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish Air Force</a> (captured)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></i> (captured)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia"><img alt="Mongolia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mongolia_%281924%E2%80%931940%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Republic" title="Mongolian People's Republic">Mongolia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian People's Army Air Force">Mongolian People's Army Air Force</a>- received more than 40 aircraft in July 1939 – 1942</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation" title="Soviet Naval Aviation">Soviet Naval Aviation</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain_%281931%E2%80%931939%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Spanish Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="Spanish Republican Air Force">Spanish Republican Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span data-sort-value="Spain"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain_%281945%E2%80%931977%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Spain</a></span></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Air Force">Spanish Air Force</a> – Post civil war.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(I-15_M-25)"><span id="Specifications_.28I-15_M-25.29"></span>Specifications (I-15 M-25)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Specifications (I-15 M-25)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polikarpov_I-15.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polikarpov_I-15.svg/220px-Polikarpov_I-15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polikarpov_I-15.svg/330px-Polikarpov_I-15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Polikarpov_I-15.svg/440px-Polikarpov_I-15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="1561" /></a><figcaption>Polikarpov I-15 drawing</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> Of Chaika and Chato…<sup id="cite_ref-Chaika_p12_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chaika_p12-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> One</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 6.10 m (20 ft 0 in) (tail up)</li> <li><b>Upper wingspan:</b> 9.75 m (32 ft 0 in)</li> <li><b>Lower wingspan:</b> 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 2.20 m (7 ft 3 in) (tail down)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 21.90 m<sup>2</sup> (235.7 sq ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Clark_YH" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark YH">Clark YH </a><sup id="cite_ref-Selig_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 1,012 kg (2,231 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 1,385 kg (3,053 lb)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 1,689 kg (3,724 lb)</li> <li><b>Fuel capacity:</b> 260 L (57 imp gal; 69 US gal)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 1 × <a href="/wiki/Shvetsov_M-25" title="Shvetsov M-25">Shvetsov M-25</a> 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 520 kW (700 hp) at 2,300 m (7,500 ft)</li> <li><b>Propellers:</b> 2-bladed variable-pitch propeller</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 367 km/h (228 mph, 198 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 285 km/h (177 mph, 154 kn) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft) (max. continuous cruise)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 510 km (320 mi, 280 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 9,800 m (32,200 ft)</li> <li><b>Time to altitude:</b> <br /> <ul><li>1.1 min to 1,000 m (3,300 ft)</li> <li>6.1 min to 5,000 m (16,400 ft)</li></ul></li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li>4 x<a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a> <a href="/wiki/PV-1_machine_gun" title="PV-1 machine gun">PV-1 machine guns</a></li> <li>Up to 100 kg (220 lb) of bombs</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">Polikarpov I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">Polikarpov I-153</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%A9riot-SPAD_S.91" title="Blériot-SPAD S.91">Blériot-SPAD S.91</a>/5</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F11C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss F11C Goshawk">Curtiss F11C Goshawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">Fiat CR.32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_D.XVI" title="Fokker D.XVI">Fokker D.XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Gauntlet" title="Gloster Gauntlet">Gloster Gauntlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F2F" title="Grumman F2F">Grumman F2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">Heinkel He 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_A4N" title="Nakajima A4N">Nakajima A4N</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interwar_military_aircraft" title="List of interwar military aircraft">List of interwar military aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force">List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wio.ru/tacftr/polikarp.htm">"Polikarpov fighters."</a> <i>wio.ru.</i> Retrieved: 8 October 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_Russian_p299-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russian_p299_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston 1995, p. 299.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaika_p10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p10_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lannon 2002, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaika_p9-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p9_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith2014" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Peter (2014). <i>Combat Biplanes of World War II</i>. United Kingdom: Pen & Sword. p. 635. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783400546" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783400546"><bdi>978-1783400546</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Combat+Biplanes+of+World+War+II&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=635&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1783400546&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Variants_p120-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Variants_p120_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Dexter 1999, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaika_p18-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p18_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheung, 2015, pp. 76, 80-81. Hsu Chi-hsiang (徐吉驤-Xu Jixiang) was shot down in his I-15bis in the air-combat debut of the A6M Zero on 13 September 1940... a 20mm shell went through his amenities kit blowing all the bristles off his toothbrush... Hsu would exact some personal revenge on 04 March 1944 over the Japanese airbase at Chiung-Shan (Qiongshan) on Hainan island... shooting down the lead Zero in a flight of three... the flight leader or perhaps the instructor</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF蔡" class="citation web cs1">蔡, 乔治. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyingtiger-cacw.com/new_page_739.htm">"九一三壁山空戰"</a>. <i>www.flyingtiger-cacw.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-23</span></span>. <q>他的性能遠在伊-152(bid)、伊-16-10之上，可以認為，敵我雙方的戰機性能差了一個數量級還多，如此之下，如何還能奢談"取勝"？在戰鬥中，徐吉驤的座機被莫名日機連續咬尾多次，遭受了十幾次攻擊，已經被打得體無完膚，敵機射彈密集，徐吉驤座機上連細細的翼間張線都被打得卷起來了。徐吉驤感到自己四周的防彈鋼板被子彈敲得叮叮作響，所幸他還沒有中彈。最後，他座機發動機的潤滑油漏光了，這架伊-152在璧山上空停車。徐吉驤迅速判斷了一下形勢，決定不跳傘，以免被兇殘的日機沖傘射擊。他躲掉日機攻擊後奇跡般的迫降在一片稻田裡，飛機被摔得七零八落。幸好燃油、滑油均已耗盡，飛機沒有燃燒。徐吉驤機智地躲在座機殘骸內，等盤旋在頭頂的兩架日機離去後，才爬出完全損壞的座機。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.flyingtiger-cacw.com&rft.atitle=%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%89%E5%A3%81%E5%B1%B1%E7%A9%BA%E6%88%B0&rft.aulast=%E8%94%A1&rft.aufirst=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyingtiger-cacw.com%2Fnew_page_739.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._33-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._33_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cheung, 2015, pp. 74-75. Lt. Gao had shot A6M Zeroes of the tails of other Chinese fighters in the melee over Chongqing on 13 September 1940, closing in to 160 ft of one... claiming one shot down...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen" class="citation web cs1">Chen, C. Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ww2db.com/person_bio.php?person_id=965">"Gao Youxin"</a>. <i>WW2DB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-27</span></span>. <q><In Sep 1940 (9/13/1940), Lt. Gao Youxin flew against the new A6M Zero fighters, damaging one... he had claimed a victory but no A6M fighters were lost in that action.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WW2DB&rft.atitle=Gao+Youxin&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=C.+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fww2db.com%2Fperson_bio.php%3Fperson_id%3D965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF萨沙2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">萨沙, 资深中国近代军事历史作家 (2019-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/65241552">"永不归航的红色年轻战鹰：1位"八路军"青年战士的抗日空战"</a>. <i>知乎专栏</i> (in Chinese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-21</span></span>. <q><郑少愚在此战中第五次受伤，他的右手和左足均中弹负伤，座机更被击成重伤。他虽然受伤，但依旧表现英勇。根据《空军第一路司令官毛邦初关于敌我空军交战情况的战斗要报》（1940年9月13日）中记载："总领队郑大队长虽手足均受弹伤，但仍奋勇迎敌，援救友机多架，战斗终结，掩护各机飞返遂宁。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%9F%A5%E4%B9%8E%E4%B8%93%E6%A0%8F&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%B8%E4%B8%8D%E5%BD%92%E8%88%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%BB%E6%88%98%E9%B9%B0%EF%BC%9A1%E4%BD%8D%22%E5%85%AB%E8%B7%AF%E5%86%9B%22%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E5%A3%AB%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E7%A9%BA%E6%88%98&rft.date=2019-05-09&rft.aulast=%E8%90%A8%E6%B2%99&rft.aufirst=%E8%B5%84%E6%B7%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzhuanlan.zhihu.com%2Fp%2F65241552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/china_tse-liu.htm">"Chinese biplane fighter aces - Shen Tse-Liu"</a>. <i>surfcity.kund.dalnet.se</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=surfcity.kund.dalnet.se&rft.atitle=Chinese+biplane+fighter+aces+-+Shen+Tse-Liu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsurfcity.kund.dalnet.se%2Fchina_tse-liu.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._42-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._42_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._16-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._16_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._18-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._18_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._18_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._17-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._17_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._21-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._21_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maslov_p._24-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maslov_p._24_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maslov 2010, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chaika_p12-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chaika_p12_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1979, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abanshin, Michael E. and Nina Gut. <i>Fighting Polikarpov, Eagles of the East No. 2</i>. Lynnwood, Washington: Aviation International, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-884909-01-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-884909-01-9">1-884909-01-9</a>.</li> <li>Cheung, Raymond. <i>OSPREY AIRCRAFT OF THE ACES 126: Aces of the Republic of China Air Force</i>. Oxford: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B14728%2B05614" title="Special:BookSources/978+14728+05614">978 14728 05614</a>.</li> <li>Drabkin, Artem. <i>The Red Air Force at War: Barbarossa and the Retreat to Moscow – Recollections of Fighter Pilots on the Eastern Front</i>. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Military, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84415-563-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84415-563-3">1-84415-563-3</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and A. Dexter. "Polikarpov Biplane Fighter Variants". <i>Wings of Fame</i>, Volume 17. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1999, pp. 106–129. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86184-041-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86184-041-1">1-86184-041-1</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and Keith Dexter. <i>Polikarpov's Biplane Fighters</i> (Red Star, vol.6). Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-141-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-141-5">1-85780-141-5</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and Dmitri Khazanov. <i>Soviet Combat Aircraft of the Second World War, Volume One: Single-Engined Fighters</i>. Earl Shilton, Leicester, UK: Midland Publishing Ltd., 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-083-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-083-4">1-85780-083-4</a>.</li> <li>Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. "Of Chaika and Chato... Polikarpov's Fighting Biplanes". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>. Issue 11, November 1979 – February 1980, pp. 9–29. ISSN 0143-5450.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gunston" title="Bill Gunston">Gunston, Bill</a>. <i>The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995</i>. London: Osprey, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9">1-85532-405-9</a>.</li> <li>Lannon, Frances. <i>The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939 (Essential Histories 37)</i>. London: Osprey Publishing, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781841763699" title="Special:BookSources/9781841763699">9781841763699</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaureau1978" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laureau, Patrick (May 1978). "Polikarpov I-15 "Chato": Un chasseur russe au destin exotique..., partie 1" [Polkarpov I-15 "Chato": A Russian Fighter in an Exotic Destination, Part 1]. <i>Le Fana de l'Aviation</i> (in French) (102): 34–41. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169">0757-4169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Fana+de+l%27Aviation&rft.atitle=Polikarpov+I-15+%22Chato%22%3A+Un+chasseur+russe+au+destin+exotique...%2C+partie+1&rft.issue=102&rft.pages=34-41&rft.date=1978-05&rft.issn=0757-4169&rft.aulast=Laureau&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaureau1978" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Laureau, Patrick (June 1978). "Polikarpov I-15 "Chato": Un chasseur russe au destin exotique..., partie 2" [Polkarpov I-15 "Chato": A Russian Fighter in an Exotic Destination, Part 2]. <i>Le Fana de l'Aviation</i> (in French) (103): 42–45. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169">0757-4169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Fana+de+l%27Aviation&rft.atitle=Polikarpov+I-15+%22Chato%22%3A+Un+chasseur+russe+au+destin+exotique...%2C+partie+2&rft.issue=103&rft.pages=42-45&rft.date=1978-06&rft.issn=0757-4169&rft.aulast=Laureau&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). <i>The Observer's Book Of Airplanes</i>. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Léonard, Herbert. <i>Les avions de chasse Polikarpov</i> (in French). Rennes, France: Editions Ouest-France, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-85882-322-7" title="Special:BookSources/2-85882-322-7">2-85882-322-7</a>.</li> <li>Léonard, Herbert. <i>Les chasseurs Polikarpov</i> (in French). Clichy, France: Éditions Larivière, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-914205-07-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-914205-07-4">2-914205-07-4</a>.</li> <li>Maslov, Mikhail A. <i>Polikarpov I-15bis (Wydawnictwo Militaria 199)</i> (in Polish). Warsawa, Poland: Wydawnictwo Militaria, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7219-178-6" title="Special:BookSources/83-7219-178-6">83-7219-178-6</a>.</li> <li>Maslov, Mikhail A. <i>Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-153</i>. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-981-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-981-2">978-1-84603-981-2</a>.</li> <li>Stapfer, Hans-Heiri. <i>Polikarpov Fighters in Action, Part 1 (Aircraft in Action number 157)</i>. Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc., 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89747-343-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89747-343-4">0-89747-343-4</a>.</li> <li>徐 (Xú), 露梅 (Lùméi). <i>隕落 (Fallen): 682位空军英烈的生死档案 - 抗战空军英烈档案大解密 (A Decryption of 682 Air Force Heroes of The War of Resistance-WWII and Their Martyrdom)</i>. 东城区, 北京，中国: 团结出版社, 2016. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7-5126-4433-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-7-5126-4433-5">978-7-5126-4433-5</a>.</li> <li>黄孝慈. <i>中國飛機尋根(之三十六)抗戰時期俄援戰機之I-152及I-153式戰鬥機(Polikarpov I-152, I-153, Jung-28B)</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cwlam2000.epizy.com/caf36.html">http://cwlam2000.epizy.com/caf36.html</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalco1989" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Falco, José (February 1989). "Mes derniers victoires; Villajuiga, Février 1939" [My Last Victories; Villajuiga, February 1939]. <i>Le Fana de l'Aviation</i> (in French) (231): 18–19. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0757-4169">0757-4169</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Fana+de+l%27Aviation&rft.atitle=Mes+derniers+victoires%3B+Villajuiga%2C+F%C3%A9vrier+1939&rft.issue=231&rft.pages=18-19&rft.date=1989-02&rft.issn=0757-4169&rft.aulast=Falco&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolikarpov+I-15" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-15&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 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aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_TB-2" title="Polikarpov TB-2">TB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_SPB_(D)" title="Polikarpov SPB (D)">SPB (D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_NB" title="Polikarpov NB">NB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters/Interceptors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-1" title="Polikarpov I-1">I-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_DI-1" title="Polikarpov DI-1">DI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-3" title="Polikarpov I-3">I-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-3" title="Polikarpov I-3">DI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-6" title="Polikarpov I-6">I-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">I-5</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">I-16</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I-15bis/I-152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">I-153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-17" title="Polikarpov I-17">I-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_VIT-1" title="Polikarpov VIT-1">VIT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_VIT-2" title="Polikarpov VIT-2">VIT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-180" title="Polikarpov I-180">I-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-185" title="Polikarpov I-185">I-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">I-190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_TIS" title="Polikarpov TIS">TIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_ITP" title="Polikarpov ITP">ITP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance/Attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">MR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">MR-2/PM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">R-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9A" title="Airco DH.9A">R-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">R-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">SSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-Z" title="Polikarpov R-Z">R-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Ivanov" title="Polikarpov Ivanov">Ivanov</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airliners/Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_PM-1" title="Polikarpov PM-1">PM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">P-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-Z" title="Polikarpov R-Z">P-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_BDP_S-1" title="Polikarpov BDP S-1">BDP S-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_BDP-2" title="Polikarpov BDP-2">BDP-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_MP" title="Polikarpov MP">MP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">U-2/Po-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_P-2" title="Polikarpov P-2">P-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_fighter_designations,_1923–1940" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_fighter_designations" title="Template:Soviet fighter designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_fighter_designations" title="Template talk:Soviet fighter designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_fighter_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet fighter designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_fighter_designations,_1923–1940" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Soviet <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Soviet Union military aircraft designation systems">fighter designations</a>, 1923–1940</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters (<abbr title="Istrebitel">I</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-1" title="Polikarpov I-1">I-1 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_I-1" title="Grigorovich I-1">I-1 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_I-2" title="Grigorovich I-2">I-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-3" title="Polikarpov I-3">I-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-4" title="Tupolev I-4">I-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-5" title="Polikarpov I-5">I-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-6" title="Polikarpov I-6">I-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_37" title="Heinkel HD 37">I-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-8" title="Tupolev I-8">I-8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigorovich_I-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigorovich I-9 (page does not exist)">I-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigorovich_I-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigorovich I-10 (page does not exist)">I-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigorovich_I-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigorovich I-11 (page does not exist)">I-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-12" title="Tupolev I-12">I-12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polikarpov_I-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polikarpov I-13 (page does not exist)">I-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_I-14" title="Tupolev I-14">I-14</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I-15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">ter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">I-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-17" title="Polikarpov I-17">I-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-17" title="Polikarpov I-17">I-18</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-19</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_I-20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev I-20 (page does not exist)">I-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_I-21" title="Ilyushin I-21">I-21 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashinin_I-21" title="Pashinin I-21">I-21 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov_LaGG-1" title="Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-1">I-22</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-23</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-24</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-25</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">I-26</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-27</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatsenko_I-28" title="Yatsenko I-28">I-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-2" title="Yakovlev Yak-2">I-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">I-30</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-31</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">I-32</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-3" title="Yakovlev Yak-3">I-33</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_I-Z" title="Grigorovich I-Z">I-Z</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two-seat fighter (<abbr title="Dvukhmestny Istrebitel">DI</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_DI-1" title="Polikarpov DI-1">DI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-3" title="Polikarpov I-3">DI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_DI-3" title="Grigorovich DI-3">DI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laville_DI-4" title="Laville DI-4">DI-4</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">DI-5</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochyerigin_DI-6" title="Kochyerigin DI-6">DI-6</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">DI-7</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">DI-8</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-seat fighter (<abbr title="Mnogomestny Istebitel">MI</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">MI-1</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">MI-2</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-21" title="Tupolev ANT-21">MI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tupolev_ANT-34&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tupolev ANT-34 (page does not exist)">MI-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cannon fighter (<abbr title="Istrebitel Pushechny">IP</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_IP-1" title="Grigorovich IP-1">IP-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grigorovich_IP-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grigorovich IP-2 (page does not exist)">IP-2</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">IP-3</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigorovich_IP-1" title="Grigorovich IP-1">IP-4</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">IP-5 through IP-20</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashinin_I-21" title="Pashinin I-21">IP-21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descriptors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Blizhniy Istrebitel">Short-range fighter</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Bereznyak-Isayev_BI-1" title="Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1">BI</a></li> <li><abbr title="Dvukhmotorny Istrebitel Pushechny">Twin-engine cannon fighter</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-29" title="Tupolev ANT-29">DIP</a></li> <li><abbr title="Dalniy Istrebitel Soprovozhdeniya">Long-Range escort fighter</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_DIS" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS">DIS</a></li> <li><abbr title="Dvukhmyestnyi Istrebitel shturmovik">Two-seat armored fighter</abbr> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">DIT</a></li> <li><abbr title="Istrebitel Skladnoi">Folding fighter</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Nikitin-Shevchenko_IS" title="Nikitin-Shevchenko IS">IS</a></li> <li><abbr title="Tyazholyi Istrebitel Soprovozhdeniya">Heavy escort fighter</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_TIS" title="Polikarpov TIS">TIS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Unknown/not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_trainer_designations,_1923–1940" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soviet_trainer_designations" title="Template:Soviet trainer designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soviet_trainer_designations" title="Template talk:Soviet trainer designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet_trainer_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soviet trainer designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_trainer_designations,_1923–1940" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Soviet <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_military_aircraft_designation_systems" title="Soviet Union military aircraft designation systems">trainer designations</a>, 1923–1940</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainer (<abbr title="Uchebny">U</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">U-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">U-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">U-3 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikhelson_U-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikhelson U-3 (page does not exist)">U-3 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">U-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitin_NV-5" title="Nikitin NV-5">U-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seaplane trainer (<abbr title="Morskoi Uchebny">MU</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">MU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">MU-2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskaleyev_MU-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskaleyev MU-3 (page does not exist)">MU-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitin_MU-4" title="Nikitin MU-4">MU-4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced trainer (<abbr title="Uchebno-Trenirivochny">UT</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_UT-1" title="Yakovlev UT-1">UT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_UT-2" title="Yakovlev UT-2">UT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_UT-3" title="Yakovlev UT-3">UT-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter trainer (<abbr title="Uchebno-Trenirivochny Istrebitel">UTI</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UTI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">UTI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">UTI-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">UTI-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitin_NV-2" title="Nikitin NV-2">UTI-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitin_NV-4" title="Nikitin NV-4">UTI-6</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">UTI-7 through UTI-25</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">UTI-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transitional trainer (<abbr title="Perekhodnyj">P</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_P-2" title="Polikarpov P-2">P-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Descriptors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Uchebno-perekhodnoi Bombardirovshchik">Transitional bomber trainer</abbr> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazan_UPB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazan UPB (page does not exist)">UPB</a></li> <li><abbr title="Uchebno-trenirovochny Bombardirovshchik">Advanced bomber trainer</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">UTB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Unknown/not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Armed_Forces_attack_aircraft_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_attack_aircraft" title="Template:Spanish attack aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_attack_aircraft" title="Template talk:Spanish attack aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_attack_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish attack aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Armed_Forces_attack_aircraft_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> attack aircraft designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Asalto</i> (A)<br /><small>Ground attack</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_51" title="Heinkel He 51">A.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_45" title="Heinkel He 45">A.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.310" title="Caproni Ca.310">A.3</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A.4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ataque</i> (A)<br /><small>Attack</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">A.1–A.8</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">A.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_HA-200" title="Hispano HA-200">A.10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_fighters" title="Template:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_fighters" title="Template talk:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> fighter designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Caza</i> (C)<br /><small>Fighter</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–53</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">C.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Fury" title="Hawker Fury">C.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">C.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">C.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">C.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">C.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMAM_Ro.41" title="IMAM Ro.41">C.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">C.8</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">C.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arado_Ar_68" title="Arado Ar 68">C.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">C.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_HA-300" title="Helwan HA-300">C.15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1953–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.32" title="Fiat CR.32">C.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_G.50_Freccia" title="Fiat G.50 Freccia">C.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">C.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_Aviaci%C3%B3n_HA-1112" title="Hispano Aviación HA-1112">C.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">C.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helwan_HA-300" title="Helwan HA-300">C.6 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">C.6 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CASA/Heinkel_CH-101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CASA/Heinkel CH-101 (page does not exist)">C.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">C.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">C.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano_HA-200" title="Hispano HA-200">C.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III" title="Dassault Mirage III">C.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">C.12</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C.13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_F1" title="Dassault Mirage F1">C.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">C.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">C.16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_military_aircraft_during_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWIIUSSRAF" title="Template:WWIIUSSRAF"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWIIUSSRAF" title="Template talk:WWIIUSSRAF"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSSRAF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWIIUSSRAF"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_military_aircraft_during_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> military aircraft during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochyerigin_DI-6" title="Kochyerigin DI-6">DI-6</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-153" title="Polikarpov I-153">I-153</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">I-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Goudkov_LaGG-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Goudkov LaGG-3">LaGG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-5" title="Lavochkin La-5">La-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-7" title="Lavochkin La-7">La-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-1" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1">MiG-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-3" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3">МiG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-3" title="Petlyakov Pe-3">Pe-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">Yak-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-3" title="Yakovlev Yak-3">Yak-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-7" title="Yakovlev Yak-7">Yak-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-9" title="Yakovlev Yak-9">Yak-9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsky_Ar-2" title="Arkhangelsky Ar-2">Ar-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_DB-3" title="Ilyushin DB-3">DB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-4" title="Ilyushin Il-4">Il-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-2" title="Petlyakov Pe-2">Pе-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8" title="Petlyakov Pe-8">Pе-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_SB" title="Tupolev SB">SB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-1" title="Tupolev TB-1">TB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_TB-3" title="Tupolev TB-3">ТB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Тu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-4" title="Yakovlev Yak-4">Yak-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yermolayev_Yer-2" title="Yermolayev Yer-2">Yer-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Ground attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_V-11" title="Vultee V-11">BSh-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">BSh-2/Il-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-10" title="Ilyushin Il-10">Il-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Trainers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">U-2/Po-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_UT-1" title="Yakovlev UT-1">UT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_UT-2" title="Yakovlev UT-2">UT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-16" title="Polikarpov I-16">UTI-2/3/4/(I-16UTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-7" title="Yakovlev Yak-7">UTI-26/Yak-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_KhAI-1" title="Kharkiv KhAI-1">KhAI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">P-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_KhAI-5" title="Kharkiv KhAI-5">PS-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-9" title="Tupolev ANT-9">PS-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-35" title="Tupolev ANT-35">PS-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_V-11" title="Vultee V-11">PS-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisunov_Li-2" title="Lisunov Li-2">PS-84/Li-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">R-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavrov_Sh-2" title="Shavrov Sh-2">Sh-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Gliders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_A-7" title="Antonov A-7">А-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribovski_G-11" class="mw-redirect" title="Gribovski G-11">G-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolesnikov-Tsibin_KC-20" title="Kolesnikov-Tsibin KC-20">КC-20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_Be-4" title="Beriev Be-4">Be-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_MBR-2" title="Beriev MBR-2">MBR-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chyetverikov_MDR-6" title="Chyetverikov MDR-6">MDR-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_Po-2" title="Polikarpov Po-2">Po-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-5" title="Polikarpov R-5">R-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neman_R-10" class="mw-redirect" title="Neman R-10">R-10/KhAI-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_R-Z" title="Polikarpov R-Z">R-Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-2" title="Sukhoi Su-2">Su-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-2" title="Yakovlev Yak-2">Yak-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Prototypes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANT-58" class="mw-redirect" title="ANT-58">ANT-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereznyak-Isayev_BI-1" title="Bereznyak-Isayev BI-1">BI-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-5" title="Yakovlev Yak-5">I-28 (Yak-5)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-30_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="I-30 (aircraft)">I-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-180" title="Polikarpov I-180">I-180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_I-185" title="Polikarpov I-185">I-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_I-250" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich I-250">I-250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikitin_IS-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikitin IS-1">IS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_ITP" title="Polikarpov ITP">ITP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarpov_TIS" title="Polikarpov TIS">TIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zveno_project" title="Zveno project">Zveno/SPB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><i>The initial version of this article was based on material from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aviation.ru">aviation.ru</a>. 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