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id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-철학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#철학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>철학</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-철학-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>철학 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-철학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-침략적_폭력과_방어적_폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#침략적_폭력과_방어적_폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>침략적 폭력과 방어적 폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-침략적_폭력과_방어적_폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-폭력과_성스러움" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#폭력과_성스러움"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>폭력과 성스러움</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-폭력과_성스러움-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-사회학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#사회학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>사회학</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-사회학-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>사회학 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-사회학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-가정_폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#가정_폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>가정 폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-가정_폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-성폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#성폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>성폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-성폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-린치" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#린치"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>린치</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-린치-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-데이트_폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#데이트_폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>데이트 폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-데이트_폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-정치학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정치학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>정치학</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-정치학-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>정치학 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-정치학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-국제_정치의_폭력과_평화" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#국제_정치의_폭력과_평화"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>국제 정치의 폭력과 평화</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-국제_정치의_폭력과_평화-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-직접적_폭력,_간접적_폭력" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#직접적_폭력,_간접적_폭력"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>직접적 폭력, 간접적 폭력</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-직접적_폭력,_간접적_폭력-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-폭력의_해소방안" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#폭력의_해소방안"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>폭력의 해소방안</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-폭력의_해소방안-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-폭력의_구분" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#폭력의_구분"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.1</span> <span>폭력의 구분</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-폭력의_구분-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-전쟁" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#전쟁"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>전쟁</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-전쟁-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">폭력</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 89개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geweld" title="Geweld – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geweld" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81" title="عنف – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عنف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencia" title="Violencia – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Violencia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eidd%C9%99t" title="Şiddət – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şiddət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadahasan" title="Kadahasan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kadahasan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Гвалт – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гвалт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Насилие – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Насилие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%89%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A4%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ལོག་གཡེམ་མམ་ཉེས་སྤྱོད། – 티베트어" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལོག་གཡེམ་མམ་ཉེས་སྤྱོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="티베트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feulster" title="Feulster – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Feulster" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="알찬 글"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasilje" title="Nasilje – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nasilje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol%C3%A8ncia" title="Violència – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Violència" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%98%DB%8C" title="توندوتیژی – 소라니 쿠르드어" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="توندوتیژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="소라니 쿠르드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1sil%C3%AD" title="Násilí – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Násilí" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przem%C3%B2ga" title="Przemòga – 카슈비아어" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Przemòga" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="카슈비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trais" title="Trais – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trais" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vold" title="Vold – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vold" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewalt" title="Gewalt – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewalt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βία – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence" title="Violence – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Violence" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perforto" title="Perforto – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perforto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencia" title="Violencia – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Violencia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4givald" title="Vägivald – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vägivald" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indarkeria" title="Indarkeria – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Indarkeria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA" title="خشونت – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خشونت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4kivalta" title="Väkivalta – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Väkivalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence" title="Violence – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Violence" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geweld" title="Geweld – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Geweld" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violencia" title="Violencia – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Violencia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%91erair%C3%B5" title="Ñerairõ – 과라니어" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ñerairõ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="과라니어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA" title="אלימות – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלימות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंसा – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिंसा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasilje" title="Nasilje – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nasilje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyolans" title="Vyolans – 아이티어" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vyolans" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="아이티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%91szak" title="Erőszak – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erőszak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բռնություն – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բռնություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violentia" title="Violentia – 인터링구아" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Violentia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="인터링구아" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekerasan" title="Kekerasan – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekerasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violentie" title="Violentie – 인테르링구에" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Violentie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="인테르링구에" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofbeldi" title="Ofbeldi – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ofbeldi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violenza" title="Violenza – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Violenza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="暴力" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ძალადობა – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძალადობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B-%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Зорлық-зомбылық – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зорлық-зомбылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6" title="អំពើហិង្សា – 크메르어" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អំពើហិង្សា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="크메르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಹಿಂಸಾಚಾರ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಿಂಸಾಚಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Зомбулук – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зомбулук" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violentia" title="Violentia – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Violentia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewalt" title="Gewalt – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gewalt" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smurtas" title="Smurtas – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Smurtas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vardarb%C4%ABba" title="Vardarbība – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vardarbība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Насилство – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Насилство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="അക്രമം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അക്രമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүчирхийлэл – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчирхийлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंसा – 마라티어" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंसा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="마라티어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keganasan" title="Keganasan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keganasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geweld" title="Geweld – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geweld" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vald" title="Vald – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vald" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vold" title="Vold – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vold" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol%C3%A9ncia" title="Violéncia – 오크어" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Violéncia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="오크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਿੰਸਾ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przemoc" title="Przemoc – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przemoc" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violensa" title="Violensa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Violensa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol%C3%AAncia" title="Violência – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Violência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atipakuy" title="Atipakuy – 케추아어" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Atipakuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="케추아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violen%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Violență – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Violență" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Насилие – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Насилие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Насилство – 루신어" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Насилство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="루신어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D2%AF%D2%BB%D2%AF%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%8D%D2%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Күүһүлээһин – 야쿠트어" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Күүһүлээһин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="야쿠트어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veeolence" title="Veeolence – 스코틀랜드어" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Veeolence" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="스코틀랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasilje" title="Nasilje – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nasilje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence" title="Violence – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Violence" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1silie" title="Násilie – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Násilie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasilje" title="Nasilje – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nasilje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurwa" title="Kurwa – 쇼나어" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kurwa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="쇼나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhuna" title="Dhuna – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dhuna" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%B5" title="Насиље – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Насиље" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5ld" title="Våld – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Våld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="வன்முறை – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வன்முறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87" title="ความรุนแรง – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความรุนแรง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karahasan" title="Karahasan – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karahasan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eiddet" title="Şiddet – 터키어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şiddet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="터키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Насильство – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насильство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="تشدد – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تشدد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zo%CA%BBravonlik" title="Zoʻravonlik – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zoʻravonlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A1o_l%E1%BB%B1c" title="Bạo lực – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bạo lực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="暴力" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力 – 중국어" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="暴力" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="중국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8D-le%CC%8Dk" title="Pō-le̍k – 민난어" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pō-le̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="민난어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力 – 광둥어" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="暴力" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="광둥어" 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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">보이기</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> <b>폭력</b>(暴力)은 신체적인 손상을 가져오고, 정신적·심리적인 압박을 가하는 물리적인 강제력을 말한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95" title="법">법</a>에서는 다른 사람에게 상해를 입히거나, <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 협박을 하는 등의 행위<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>와 함께 다른 사람을 감금하는 행위<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 주거에 침입하는 행위<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 기물의 파손 등에 대해서도 폭력이라 표현한다<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99" title="철학">철학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98%ED%95%99" title="정치학">정치학</a> 등의 학문에서는 다른 사람 또는 국가나 세력을 제압하는 힘을 일반적으로 지칭하기도 한다. 힘자랑이나 힘겨루기가 이에 속한다. 폭력은 물리적인 유형력 행사(구타, 몸싸움 등), 말로 하는 언어폭력 등이 있다. </p><p>폭력을 당한 인간은 남을 아무렇지 않게 공격할 가능성이 일반인들보다 높으며 살인으로 발전할 수도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 사회적 약자들은 가정폭력에 시달리고 있으며 지속적인 범죄의 대상이 될 수도 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="철학"><span id=".EC.B2.A0.ED.95.99"></span>철학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 철학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Typology_of_violence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typology_of_violence.jpg/220px-Typology_of_violence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typology_of_violence.jpg/330px-Typology_of_violence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Typology_of_violence.jpg/440px-Typology_of_violence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>폭력의 유형</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="침략적_폭력과_방어적_폭력"><span id=".EC.B9.A8.EB.9E.B5.EC.A0.81_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.EA.B3.BC_.EB.B0.A9.EC.96.B4.EC.A0.81_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>침략적 폭력과 방어적 폭력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 침략적 폭력과 방어적 폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%A9%94%EB%A5%BC%EB%A1%9C%ED%90%81%ED%8B%B0" title="모리스 메를로퐁티">모리스 메를로퐁티</a>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>: </span><span lang="fr">Maurice Merleau-Ponty</span>, 1908 - 1961, <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="철학자">철학자</a>)는 그의 저서 《휴머니즘과 폭력》<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="정치">정치</a>와 폭력의 문제를 성찰하였다. 그는 폭력을 인간의 불가피한 현상, 즉 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A1%B4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="실존주의">실존</a>적 문제로 보았다. 메를로퐁티에 따르면 인간은 "폭력 없는 순수"와 "폭력적 행위" 가운데 하나를 선택하는 것이 아니라 이미 존재하고 있는 여러 종류의 폭력 가운데 하나를 선택할 뿐이다. 메를로퐁티는 물리적으로 강제되는 폭력 뿐 아니라 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%99%94" title="대화">대화</a>와 설득을 통해 다른 사람을 자신의 의지에 따르게 하는 것까지 폭력으로 보았다. 그의 관점에서 보면 폭력과 무관한 체하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자유주의">자유주의자</a>들 보다는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="혁명">혁명</a>의 도구로서 폭력을 주장하는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스주의">마르크스주의자</a>들이 솔직한 것이다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%9C%ED%94%84_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%B0" title="이오시프 스탈린">스탈린</a>의 숙청이 정치적 반대파를 제거하는 혁명의 후퇴였음을 인정하면서도, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">제2차 세계 대전</a> 이후의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%A0%A8" title="소련">소련</a>의 상황과 관련하여 그것이 방어적 폭력이었다고 한 발 물러선다. 그러나 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD_%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" class="mw-redirect" title="한국 전쟁">한국 전쟁</a>이 발발하자 메를로퐁티는 이를 침략적 폭력으로 규정하고 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="스탈린주의">스탈린주의</a>와 완전히 결별한다<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="폭력과_성스러움"><span id=".ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.EA.B3.BC_.EC.84.B1.EC.8A.A4.EB.9F.AC.EC.9B.80"></span>폭력과 성스러움</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 폭력과 성스러움"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EB%84%A4_%EC%A7%80%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4" title="르네 지라르">르네 지라르</a>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어">프랑스어</a>: </span><span lang="fr">René Girard</span>, 1923년 ~ 2015년 , <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="프랑스">프랑스</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90" title="철학자">철학자</a>)는 그의 저서 《폭력과 성스러움》<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>에서 폭력의 원인으로서 인간의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%95%EB%A7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="욕망">욕망</a>에 주목하였다. 그는 폭력이 타인에 대한 모방 욕망에서 비롯되었다고 분석했다. 지라르에 따르면 이러한 모방 욕망은 내재적으로 발생하는 것이 아니라 이상적인 것에 대한 동경으로서 받아들여지는 것이다. 지라르는 욕망은 결국 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%AD%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="낭만주의">낭만주의</a>가 생각하는 것처럼 자발적 욕망이 아니라 타인에 의한 비자발적 욕망이며, 이러한 욕망으로 인해 사람들은 다른 사람을 질시하고 욕망을 달성하려는 "짝패"와의 경쟁에서 우위를 점하기 위한 폭력을 행사하게 한다고 보았다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EA%B2%94" class="mw-redirect" title="헤겔">헤겔</a>의 〈주인과 노예의 변증법〉에서와 같이 욕망과 폭력의 순환이 일어난다고 보았다. 지라르는 인류가 "짝패"와의 갈등을 회피하고 공동의 질서를 해결하기 위해 무고한 희생양에게 폭력을 행사하여 폭력의 악순환을 해결하여 왔다고 주장한다. 희생양에 대한 이러한 폭력은 욕망의 경쟁에서 일어나는 원초적인 폭력과 구분되어야 했으므로 이를 "성스러운 것"으로 치켜세웠다는 것이 그의 주장이다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90" title="종교">종교</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%95%99" title="문학">문학</a>과 같은 것 역시 이러한 희생양의 제의의 한 종류라 보았다. 욕망에 대한 지라르의 이러한 주장은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="데리다">데리다</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%93%A4%EB%A2%B0%EB%A5%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="들뢰르 (없는 문서)">들뢰르</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%ED%83%80%EB%A6%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가타리 (없는 문서)">가타리</a> 등으로 대표되는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%94%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="포스트모더니즘">포스트모더니즘</a> 철학과 상반되는 입장이다. 한편, 그의 이러한 주장에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%8F%85%EA%B5%90" title="기독교">기독교</a>적인 문화를 인류 전체로 무리하게 일반화시켰다는 비판을 받기도 한다<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="사회학"><span id=".EC.82.AC.ED.9A.8C.ED.95.99"></span>사회학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 사회학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="가정_폭력"><span id=".EA.B0.80.EC.A0.95_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>가정 폭력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 가정 폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311305">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95_%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="가정 폭력">가정 폭력</a>입니다.</div> <p>가정 폭력에 대한 개념은 아직 정확히 규정된 상태가 아니나 가족 구성원 간의 학대와 폭력을 폭넓게 가리키는 용어로 사용된다. 여기에는 배우자 학대, 자녀 학대, 무모 학대, 형제 간 학대 등이 포함될 수 있다<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 대한민국의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95_%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5_%EB%B2%94%EC%A3%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B2%98%EB%B2%8C_%EB%93%B1%EC%97%90_%EA%B4%80%ED%95%9C_%ED%8A%B9%EB%A1%80%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="가정 폭력 범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법 (없는 문서)">가정 폭력 범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법</a>에서는 가정 폭력의 유형으로 신체적, 정신적 또는 재산상 피해를 주는 행위로 규정하고 있다<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 이에 덧붙여 성학대나 방임, 유기 등도 가정 폭력의 유형에 포함될 수 있다<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>1980년 영국에서 조사한 기록에 따르면 살인 사건의 4건 당 1건이 가족 구성원에 의해 일어난 사건일 정도로 가정 폭력은 심각한 수준이다. 조사에서는 아내가 가해자인 경우가 5% 정도로 남편이 가해자의 대부분을 차지한다. 1983년 제임스 네질이 가정 폭력의 실태를 조사하기 위해 96쌍의 동거 커플을 조사한 결과 남자가 휘두른 폭력이 피해의 정도도 크고 치유 기간도 긴 것으로 나타났다. 가정 폭력의 원인으로는 사적인 친밀도가 높은 상태에서 감정적인 마찰이 일어나기 쉽고 현실적으로 가정 폭력을 용인하는 사회적 풍토가 남아 있어 남편의 매질을 가혹 행위로 보는 것이 아니라 "여자의 말과 히코리 나무는 세게 칠수록 나긋나긋해지는 법이다" 같은 오래된 속담이 여전히 통용되고 있기 때문이다<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. 게다가 직장과 같은 사회생활에서와는 달리 가족의 경우 당사자들이 치고받는 일을 상황에 따라 합법적인 것으로 인정한다는 문제가 있다<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>신체적, 정신적 가정 폭력을 당하면 정신에 문제가 생겨서 범죄자가 될 확률이 높아진다.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="성폭력"><span id=".EC.84.B1.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>성폭력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 성폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%B1%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="성폭력">성폭력</a>입니다.</div> <p>상대방의 의사에 반해 성적인 강요를 행하는 폭력을 성폭력이라 한다. 성폭력의 유형에는 신체의 일부를 쳐다보기, 외설적인 글이나 그림을 보게 하기, 외모나 옷차림을 성적으로 표현하기, 음담패설하기, 신체의 일부를 밀착하여 접촉하기, 껴안거나 키스하기, 성교를 강요하기 등의 행위가 있다. 성폭력의 유발 요인으로는 성폭력에 대해 허용적인 태도<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 폭력에 익숙하게 학습되어 있는 상황, 성차별적인 태도<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, 심리적 불안감과 같은 개인의 성격 등이 보고되고 있다<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="린치"><span id=".EB.A6.B0.EC.B9.98"></span>린치</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 린치"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> 이 부분의 본문은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%B0%EC%B9%98" title="린치">린치</a>입니다.</div> <p>린치(lynch)는 개인 또는 소수자에게 가해지는 집단적인 폭력으로, 법적인 절차를 거치지 않고 행해지는 처벌이다. <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>의 경우 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8" title="흑인">흑인</a>과 같은 소수자에 대한 린치는 여전히 사회적인 문제가 되고 있다.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="데이트_폭력"><span id=".EB.8D.B0.EC.9D.B4.ED.8A.B8_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>데이트 폭력</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 데이트 폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>데이트 폭력이란 사랑의 감정을 가지고 만나는 연인관계에서 발생하는 언어적·육체적·정신적·성적 폭력을 뜻한다. 욕설이나 폭언으로 상대방을 심리적으로 위협하는 것, 머리채를 잡는 것, 뺨을 때리는 것, 성관계를 강요하는 것, 심지어 감금하는 것 등 일체의 모든 행위가 데이트 폭력에 해당된다.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정치학"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.B9.98.ED.95.99"></span>정치학</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 정치학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>정치학에서는 세력이나 국가 간에 행해지는 무력에 의한 강제 등을 폭력으로 본다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="국제_정치의_폭력과_평화"><span id=".EA.B5.AD.EC.A0.9C_.EC.A0.95.EC.B9.98.EC.9D.98_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.EA.B3.BC_.ED.8F.89.ED.99.94"></span>국제 정치의 폭력과 평화</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 국제 정치의 폭력과 평화"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C_%EA%B0%88%ED%89%81" title="요한 갈퉁">요한 갈퉁</a>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="노르웨이어">노르웨이어</a>: </span><span lang="no">Johan Galtung</span>, 1930년~, <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4" title="노르웨이">노르웨이</a>의 평화학자)는 폭력을 특정한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EA%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="인간">인간</a>이나 세력이 다른 사람의 현실을 저해하는 직접적 폭력과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C" title="사회">사회</a>의 구조, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD" title="지역">지역</a> 간의 관계 등으로 인해 의도하지 않게 일어나는 간접적 폭력으로 구분하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="직접적_폭력,_간접적_폭력"><span id=".EC.A7.81.EC.A0.91.EC.A0.81_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.2C_.EA.B0.84.EC.A0.91.EC.A0.81_.ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5"></span>직접적 폭력, 간접적 폭력</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 직접적 폭력, 간접적 폭력"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>갈퉁에 따르면 직접적 폭력이 인위적인 폭력이라면, 간접적인 폭력은 구조적 폭력이라 할 수 있다. 구조적 폭력은 자원의 배분에 대한 결정권의 불평등 또는 사회적 부정을 말하며 갈퉁은 이러한 구조적 폭력의 원인으로 억압과 착취를 꼽았다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="폭력의_해소방안"><span id=".ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.EC.9D.98_.ED.95.B4.EC.86.8C.EB.B0.A9.EC.95.88"></span>폭력의 해소방안</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=12" title="부분 편집: 폭력의 해소방안"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>갈퉁은 1996년 출간한 그의 저서 《평화적 수단에 의한 평화》<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>에서 직접적 폭력을 감소 시키는 소극적 평화와 함께 갈등을 비폭력적 방식으로 해결하는 적극적 평화를 통해 폭력을 해소하여야 한다고 주장하였다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="폭력의_구분"><span id=".ED.8F.AD.EB.A0.A5.EC.9D.98_.EA.B5.AC.EB.B6.84"></span>폭력의 구분</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=13" title="부분 편집: 폭력의 구분"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>그는 폭력을 인체에 내포되어 인간이 주체적으로 의도한 것이 아닌 자연적 폭력, 특정 사람이나 세력이 행위자로 개입하는 직접적 폭력, 사회 및 세계의 구조에 의해 비의도적으로 발생하는 구조적 폭력, 직접적 또는 간접적 폭력을 정당화하는 문화적 폭력, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%86%8D_%EA%B0%80%EB%8A%A5%ED%95%9C_%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="지속 가능한 개발">지속 가능성</a>을 약화시켜 다음 세대에게 해를 입히는 시간의 폭력으로 구분하였다. 특히 직접적 폭력, 간접적 폭력과 문화적 폭력이 삼각 구도를 형성하는 경우 폭력과 보복이 이어지는 폭력의 악순환이 반복된다고 보았다. 그는 폭력의 행사가 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5" title="권력">권력</a>을 매개로 이루어진다는 점을 지적하며 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="정치">정치</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="경제">경제</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC" title="군사">군사</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="문화">문화</a>적 차원에서 소극적 평화와 적극적 평화를 실현하기 위한 목표를 제시하였다<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="전쟁"><span id=".EC.A0.84.EC.9F.81"></span>전쟁</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=14" title="부분 편집: 전쟁"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r34311305"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/18px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/27px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Icons8_flat_search.svg/36px-Icons8_flat_search.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="전쟁">전쟁</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <p>전쟁은 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80" title="국가">국가</a>나 집단 간에 발생하는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC" title="군사">군사</a> 행위로 국제 정치에서 다루는 대표적인 폭력 사태의 하나이다. 국가의 정치 행위의 연장으로 전쟁을 바라보는 입장은 "평화는 전쟁을 위한 준비"라고 말한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%86%A0%ED%85%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="아리스토텔레스">아리스토텔레스</a>까지 거슬러 올라가며, 전쟁을 "국가의 자기 의지 실현"으로 본 <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%B8%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="클라우제비츠">클라우제비츠</a>나 혁명의 도구로 파악한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="마르크스주의">마르크스주의</a>까지도 이러한 분류에 포함될 수 있다. 반면 요한 갈퉁과 같은 평화주의자들은 이러한 관점에 반대하며 전쟁을 일으키는 정치는 올바르지 않은 것으로 파악한다<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제1차 세계 대전">제1차 세계 대전</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84_%EB%8C%80%EC%A0%84" title="제2차 세계 대전">제2차 세계 대전</a>과 같은 현대의 전쟁은 광범위한 폭력과 파괴를 낳았다. 전쟁 중에는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%99%EC%82%B4" title="학살">학살</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81_%EB%B2%94%EC%A3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="전쟁 범죄">전쟁 범죄</a>가 발생하기도 한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=15" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34752755">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94" title="평화">평화</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" class="mw-redirect" title="비폭력주의">비폭력주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81" title="폭력 조직">폭력 조직</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B2%A9%EC%84%B1" title="공격성">공격성</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%9E%98%EC%82%AC" title="아힘사">아힘사</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EB%B2%8C" title="체벌">체벌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="가정폭력">가정폭력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%AC%EC%9F%81-%EB%8F%84%ED%94%BC_%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%91" title="투쟁-도피 반응">투쟁-도피 반응</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%95%B4%EC%9B%90%EC%B9%99" title="위해원칙">위해원칙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%83%A5" title="사냥">사냥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%98%88" title="무예">무예</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="비폭력">비폭력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%89%ED%99%94%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="평화주의">평화주의</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%83%9D_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="기생 (생물학)">기생 (생물학)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%8B%9D" title="포식">포식</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A2%85%EA%B5%90%EC%A0%81_%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5" title="종교적 폭력">종교적 폭력</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EB%A7%9D" title="원망">원망</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81" title="전쟁">전쟁</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AD%EB%A0%A5&action=edit&section=16" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r35556958">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EB%A6%BD%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EC%9B%90" title="국립국어원">국립국어원</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4%EB%8C%80%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84" title="표준국어대사전">표준국어대사전</a>: 남을 거칠고 사납게 제압할 때에 쓰는, 주먹이나 발 또는 몽둥이 따위의 수단이나 힘. 넓은 뜻으로는 무기로 억누르는 힘을 이르기도 한다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%ED%98%95%EB%B2%95" title="대한민국 형법">대한민국 형법</a> 제260조</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대한민국 형법 제283조</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대한민국 형법 제276조</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대한민국 형법 319조</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">대한민국 형법 제42장 손괴의 죄</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://m.yes24.com/Goods/Detail/1506195">http://m.yes24.com/Goods/Detail/1506195</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://n.news.naver.com/article/008/0003105748?sid=102">https://n.news.naver.com/article/008/0003105748?sid=102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://m.yna.co.kr/amp/view/MYH20220618004200038">https://m.yna.co.kr/amp/view/MYH20220618004200038</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://n.news.naver.com/article/025/0003261425?sid=102">https://n.news.naver.com/article/025/0003261425?sid=102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">모리스 메를로퐁티, 박현모 역, 휴머니즘과 폭력, 문학과지성사</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">고명섭, 담론의 발견, 한길사, 2007, 77 - 79쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">르네 지라르, 김진식 외 역, 폭력과 성스러움, 민음사</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">유종호, 103인의 현대 사상, 민음사, 2007, 231-236쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">유계숙, 가정정책론, 시그마프레스, 2008, 348쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">가정 폭력 범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법, 2조 1항</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">유계숙, 앞의 책, 351쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">한국의 경우 "여자와 북어는 3일에 한 번씩 두들겨 패 줘야 부드러워진다." 같은 속담이 이에 해당할 것이다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">앤서니 기든스, 김미숙 외 역, 현대사회학, 을유문화사, 2007, 214 - 215쪽</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/001/0006449831?sid=102">https://n.news.naver.com/mnews/article/001/0006449831?sid=102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://m.mbn.co.kr/news/society/1460150">https://m.mbn.co.kr/news/society/1460150</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://m.khan.co.kr/national/national-general/article/201308271558231">https://m.khan.co.kr/national/national-general/article/201308271558231</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">성폭력을 정당화하는 태도나 생각. 피해자가 가해자를 유혹해서 성폭력이 생겼다는 잘못된 인식이 그 예이며, 성폭력으로 고통받는 피해자에게 더 큰 고통을 주게 된다.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">피해자를 인격과 감정을 가진 사람으로 존중하지 못하는 태도</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">박옥임 외, 성폭력 전문상담, 시그마프레스, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html">WITHOUT SANCTUARY</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326133205/http://withoutsanctuary.org/main.html#">Archived</a> 2009년 3월 26일 - <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%B1_%EB%A8%B8%EC%8B%A0" title="웨이백 머신">웨이백 머신</a>, 2009-7-22 읽어봄</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">장인서. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.daum.net/society/others/view.html?cateid=1067&newsid=20120616090113927&p=akn">퇴근때 기다리는 남친 좋았는데 '이럴수가'</a>. 아시아경제. 2012년 6월 16일.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">요한 갈퉁, 강종일 외 역, 평화적 수단에 의한 평화, 들녘, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이은호 외, 현대국제정치의 이해, 오름, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">황병무, 전쟁과 평화의 이해, 오름, 2006, 19 - 21쪽</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36429174"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124490#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="전거_통제_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=위키데이터에서_편집하기&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124490#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;위키데이터에서_편집하기" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124490#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">국제</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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