Ce télescope spatial de la Nasa va rechercher des extraterrestres

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</span> </div> <div class="headline"> <h1 class="headline__title">Ce télescope spatial de la Nasa va rechercher des extraterrestres</h1> <h2 class="headline__subtitle">TESS, le remplaçant de Kepler, va permettre à des scientifiques de chercher des signaux d'une civilisation avancée sur des exoplanètes.</h2> <div class="headline__stroke" style="background-color: #0dbe98"></div> </div> <div class="share-bar share-bar--sticky yr-share"> <script id="share-bar__social-mob" type="text/template"><ul class="share-bar__list"><li class="facebook share-bar__item"><a class="share-bar__item-link icon-Social_Facebook yr-share-item" data-social-name="facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2Fentry%2Ftelescope-spatial-de-la-nasa-va-rechercher-des-extraterrestres_fr_5db15605e4b0d5b789462ef4%3Fncid%3Dother_facebook_eucluwzme5k%26utm_campaign%3Dshare_facebook" 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/mailto:/?subject=Ce%20t%C3%A9lescope%20spatial%20de%20la%20Nasa%20va%20rechercher%20des%20extraterrestres%20%7C%20Le%20Huffington%20Post&body=Article: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.fr%2Fentry%2Ftelescope-spatial-de-la-nasa-va-rechercher-des-extraterrestres_fr_5db15605e4b0d5b789462ef4%3Fncid%3Dother_email_o63gt2jcad4%26utm_campaign%3Dshare_email" target="_blank"></a></li></ul></div> <div class="author-byline yr-byline"> <ul class="author-list "> <li class="author-card yr-author-card"> <a href="/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/author/gregory-rozieres" class="bn-author-image bn-clickable yr-author-image" aria-label="More from Grégory Rozières"> <div class="author-card__headshot" style="background-image: url(https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5cd0f6b0250000c313ebf20d.jpeg?ops=50_50);"></div> </a> <div class="author-card__details"> <span class="author-card__details-container"> <a class="author-card__details__name" href="/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/author/gregory-rozieres"> <span class="author-card__details__name"> Par Grégory Rozières </span> </a> </span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="page__content__row row--no-border"> <div class="col col--body-center"> <div class="entry__below-entry"> <div class="entry__content js-entry-content"> <div class="entry__body" data-part="contents">  <div id="sharebox_260x60" class="advertisement sharebox_260x60 ad_spot desktop-only"> </div> <div class="post-contents yr-entry-text"><figure class="content-list-component image"> <span class="share-bar-image-wrapper"><img class="image__src" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740im_/https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5db1746a2100008529ad3c44.jpeg?ops=scalefit_630_noupscale" aria-label="Le télescope spatial TESS va aider à la recherche d'une vie extraterrestre" alt="Le télescope spatial TESS va aider à la recherche d'une vie extraterrestre"> <div class="share-bar share-bar--instream"> <div class="share-bar__item pinterest" data-type="pinterest"> <a class="share-bar__item-link entry__link--omit icon-Social_Pinterest" data-pin-custom="true" href="" target="_blank"> </a> </div> </div> </span><div class="image__meta-wrapper"><span class="image__credit">NASA</span><figcaption class="image__caption">Le télescope spatial TESS va aider à la recherche d'une vie extraterrestre intelligente.</figcaption></div></figure><div class="content-list-component text"><p>ESPACE - La Nasa qui part à la recherche d’extraterrestres, cela vous semble issu d’un film de science-fiction? Pourtant, c’est bien ce qui a été annoncé ce mercredi 23 octobre lors du Congrès astronautique international.</p><p>Une équipe de chercheurs de la Nasa qui travaillent sur <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/09/20/tess-le-nouveau-telescope-spatial-de-la-nasa-a-deja-trouve-sa-premiere-exoplanete_a_23533554/">TESS</a>, le nouveau télescope spatial de l’agence, vont participer à une initiative visant à scruter l’espace à la recherche d’une “forme de <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/men-in-black-pourquoi-pas-extraterrestre-paradoxe-de-fermi_fr_5d00bec3e4b07551039a24a3">vie extraterrestre</a> avancée”, a annoncé le Breakthrough Listen, un <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2015/07/20/les-extraterrestres-existent-ils-stephen-hawking-milliardaire-russe-investi-100-millions_n_7832702.html">grand programme de recherche</a> lancé par Stephen Hawking et le milliardaire russe Yuri Milner en 2015 et doté d’un budget de 100 millions de dollars.</p><p>Quel rapport entre ce grand projet et TESS? Ce télescope spatial est spécialisé dans la recherche d’<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/exoplanete-tout-savoir_fr_5d9cba89e4b06ddfc50f2ca0">exoplanètes</a>, des planètes orbitant autour d’autres étoiles que le Soleil. Cette collaboration va donc donner de nombreuses informations aux scientifiques du Breakthrough Institute.</p><p>“Nous sommes très enthousiastes à l’idée de rejoindre le programme de recherche SETI [l’ensemble des projets de recherche d’une vie extraterrestre intelligente, NDLR]. De tous les efforts liés aux exoplanètes, seul le SETI tient la promesse d’identifier les signes d’une vie intelligente”, a déclaré Sara Seager, directrice scientifique de TESS.</p>  <div id="entry_paragraph_4" data-label-height="50" class="advertisement-holder entry-paragraph-ad entry-body--paragraph-ad"> <div class="advertisement-label align-center disable-highlight-popup"></div> <div class="ad_spot "> <div id="inread" data-format="inread" class="ad-entry_paragraph_4 dfp-slot "></div> </div> </div> <h2>Savoir où regarder</h2><p>D’abord, cela va donner des cibles. La recherche d’une vie extraterrestre intelligente passe par celle de signaux artificiels. Des radiotélescopes terrestres sont pointés dans une direction et ”écoutent” le ciel. Leur but: capter un signal qui ne puisse s’expliquer par aucun phénomène naturel connu. </p><p>Grâce à la collaboration avec TESS, il sera plus simple de savoir où pointer ces antennes. D’abord, car le télescope spatial de la Nasa détecte de nouvelles exoplanètes. Depuis son lancement en 2018, on a découvert 1000 potentielles exoplanètes à confirmer. À terme, TESS devrait permettre d’en découvrir 10.000..</p></div><div class="content-list-component embed-asset"><iframe aria-label="Video" id="dmPlayer" data-provider="dailymotion" data-published="October 25, 2019 13:40" data-videovertical="" data-video-id="x7mesi8" data-autoplay="" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740if_/https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x7mesi8" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay"></iframe></div><div class="content-list-component text"><p>De plus, les données du télescope permettent également aux chercheurs de savoir si la planète est correctement située pour que d’éventuels signaux envoyés par une civilisation extraterrestre puissent aller jusqu’à nous.</p><h2>À la recherche de mégastructures</h2><p>Les chercheurs du Breakthrough Institute sont aussi intéressés par une autre recherche: celle de mégastructures artificielles orbitant autour d’étoiles. Imaginez, par exemple, des <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2016/05/20/kic-8462852-etoile-mysterieuse-megastructure_n_10064704.html">assemblages gigantesques de panneaux solaires</a>, qui capteraient l’énergie de l’étoile pour les besoins d’une civilisation très avancée.</p><p>Ici aussi, TESS pourrait être utile. Pour repérer des exoplanètes, le télescope spatial utilise la “méthode des transits”. Celle-ci cherche une baisse de luminosité dans le flux de lumière provenant d’une étoile. Cette réduction est souvent due au passage d’une planète entre l’étoile et le télescope. Il est ensuite possible de déduire de nombreuses informations (taille, masse, notamment) de ce passage.</p><p>Si des mégastructures extraterrestres existent, alors on pourrait les repérer via TESS. En 2015, les astronomes s’étaient passionnés pour “<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/01/03/on-sait-enfin-ce-qui-cache-letoile-de-tabby-la-plus-mysterieuse-de-la-galaxie_a_23322763/">l’étoile de Tabby</a>”, autour de laquelle semblait orbiter une chose trop grosse pour être une planète. Finalement, la réponse était plus décevante que des extraterrestres: c’est une quantité gigantesque de poussières qui bloquait la lumière de l’étoile.</p><p>Mais un échec ne veut pas dire qu’aucun succès n’est possible. La recherche d’une vie extraterrestre intelligente, commencée dans les années 60, tente toujours de répondre à l’étrange paradoxe de Fermi. Avec tant de milliards d’étoiles, chacune disposant en moyenne d’une exoplanète selon les dernières estimations, comment pourrions-nous être la seule espèce intelligente?</p><p>La réponse du SETI est toute trouvée: vu l’immensité qui s’offre à nous, l’humanité n’a pas assez cherché et doit faire mieux, en utilisant les meilleures technologies à sa disposition.</p><p><strong>À voir également sur <em>Le HuffPost</em>:</strong></p></div><div class="content-list-component embed-asset"><iframe aria-label="Video" id="dmPlayer" data-provider="dailymotion" data-published="October 25, 2019 13:40" data-videovertical="" data-video-id="x4p1gjw" data-autoplay="" width="854" height="480" frameborder="0" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740if_/https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x4p1gjw" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay"></iframe></div> <div class="related-entries related-entries--list yr-related-entries"><h3 class="related-entries__head">LIRE AUSSI :</h3><ul class="related-entries__list"><li class="related-entries__list__item yr-related-entry"><a class="related-entries__title entry__link--omit yr-card-headline" href="/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/la-decouverte-des-exoplanetes-merite-un-prix-nobel-car-elle-prepare-celle-dune-vie-extraterrestre_fr_5d9c8c76e4b099389806b27d?ncid=other_huffpostre_pqylmel2bk8&utm_campaign=related_articles" aria-label="La découverte des exoplanètes mérite un prix Nobel, car elle prépare celle d'une vie extraterrestre"> La découverte des exoplanètes mérite un prix Nobel, car elle prépare celle d'une vie extraterrestre </a></li><li class="related-entries__list__item yr-related-entry"><a class="related-entries__title entry__link--omit yr-card-headline" href="/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/capitaine-kirk-star-trek-aliens_fr_5da73067e4b062bdcb1c410b?ncid=other_huffpostre_pqylmel2bk8&utm_campaign=related_articles" aria-label="On a demandé au Capitaine Kirk de "Star Trek" s'il croit aux extraterrestres"> On a demandé au Capitaine Kirk de "Star Trek" s'il croit aux extraterrestres </a></li></ul></div><section class="extra-content"><h5 class="extra-content__title"></h5><div class="extra-content__media"></div></section></div> <div class="yr-entry-footer"> <div id="modulous_article_bottom" class="ad_spot"> <div class="related-block"> <div class="related-block__body"> <p class="related-block__row"> <a class="related-block__link entry__link--omit" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.facebook.com/HuffPostCestDemain/"> <i class="icon-Social_Facebook related-block__ico" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="related-block__label">Retrouvez-nous sur la page Facebook "C'est demain"</span> </a> </p> <p class="related-block__row"> <a class="related-block__link entry__link--omit" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/cest-demain/?ncid=other_francecta_eextarojc0a&utm_campaign=fr_cta"> <i class="icon-Social-HuffPost related-block__ico"></i> <span class="related-block__label">Pour suivre les dernières actualités du futur, cliquez ici</span> </a> </p> <p class="related-block__row"> <a class="related-block__link entry__link--omit" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/newsletter/default/?ncid=other_francecta_eextarojc0a&utm_campaign=fr_cta"> <i class="icon-Social_Mail related-block__ico" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="related-block__label">Tous les matins, recevez gratuitement la newsletter du HuffPost</span> </a> </p> <p class="related-block__row"> <a class="related-block__link entry__link--omit" target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191025134740/https://www.youtube.com/c/lehuffpost"> <i class="icon-Social_Youtube related-block__ico" style="font-size: 13px; 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