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те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр" class=""><span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Кӗр</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Анлӑрах опцисем" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ман хатĕрсем" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ман хатĕрсем</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Хутшӑнакан менюйӗ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_cv.wikipedia.org&uselang=cv"><span>Нимелле пулӑшу</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&returnto=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Эпир сире, кӑна тума кирлех мар пулин те, аккаунт хатӗрлесе системӑна кӗме сӗнетпӗр"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Аккаунт хатӗрле</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&returnto=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Аккаунт хатӗрлесе кӗрӗр, анчах ку кирлех мар [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Кӗр</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Системӑна кӗменнисем валли хатӗрленӗ страницӑсем <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%88%D1%83:%D0%9F%D1%83%D2%AB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D3%91%D1%88" aria-label="Тӳрлетесси пирки тӗплӗнрех"><span>ытларах пӗл</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ку IP адресран тунӑ тӳрлетӳсем [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Хывнӑ тӳпе</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="IP адресӑн сӳтсе яву страници [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Сӳтсе явни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Тупмалли" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Тупмалли</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">пытар</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Пуҫламӑш</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Вуламалли" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Вуламалли"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Вуламалли</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Вуламалли-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Каçăсем" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Каçăсем"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Каçăсем</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Каçăсем-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Тупмалли" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Контента Курӑмлатас/Пытарас</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Вирусологи</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Урӑх чӗлхери статья патне куҫ. 77 чӗлхелли пур" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 чӗлхе</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="علم الفيروسات — арап" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الفيروسات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арап" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusologiya" title="Virusologiya — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Virusologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — башкирский" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="башкирский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вірусалогія — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вірусалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাইরাসবিদ্যা — бенгал" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাইরাসবিদ্যা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгал" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusologija" title="Virusologija — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Virusologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — корсиканский" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="корсиканский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — нимӗҫ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="нимӗҫ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology" title="Virology — акӑлчан" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Virology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="акӑлчан" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusscienco" title="Virusscienco — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virusscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virolog%C3%ADa" title="Virología — испани" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Virología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испани" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroloogia" title="Viroloogia — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viroloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birologia" title="Birologia — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Birologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ویروس‌شناسی — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویروس‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — франци" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="франци" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virolox%C3%ADa" title="Viroloxía — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Viroloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="וירולוגיה — иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וירולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="विषाणु विज्ञान — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विषाणु विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologija" title="Virologija — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Virologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virol%C3%B3gia" title="Virológia — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Վիրուսոլոգիա — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիրուսոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — индонези" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонези" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — интерлингве" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="интерлингве" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologio" title="Virologio — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Virologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veirufr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Veirufræði — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Veirufræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — итали" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E5%AD%A6" title="ウイルス学 — япони" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイルス学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="япони" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვირუსოლოგია — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვირუსოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%99" title="바이러스학 — корей" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이러스학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корей" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — лимбургский" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="лимбургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusologija" title="Virusologija — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virusologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusolo%C4%A3ija" title="Virusoloģija — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virusoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вирологија — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вирологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="വൈറോളജി — малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈറോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — голланди" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="голланди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirusologia" title="Wirusologia — поляк" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wirusologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="поляк" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="وائرولوجی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وائرولوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologia" title="Virologia — португали" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португали" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologie" title="Virologie — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Virologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — вырӑс" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="вырӑс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologija" title="Virologija — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Virologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9B%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="වෛරසවේදය — сингальский" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වෛරසවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="сингальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology" title="Virology — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virol%C3%B3gia" title="Virológia — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Virológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologjia" title="Virologjia — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Virologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Вирусологија — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вирусологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Вирусшиносӣ — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вирусшиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="วิทยาไวรัส — тай" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาไวรัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birolohiya" title="Birolohiya — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Birolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viroloji" title="Viroloji — турккӑ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Viroloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турккӑ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Вирусология — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вирусология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Вірусологія — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вірусологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="علم الوائرس — урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علم الوائرس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusologiya" title="Virusologiya — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Virusologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Virus học — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Virus học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virolohiya" title="Virolohiya — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Virolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%A6" title="病毒学 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="病毒学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვირუსოლოგია — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვირუსოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="וויראלאגיע — идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וויראלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%A6" title="病毒学 — китай" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="病毒学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%AD%B8" title="病毒學 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="病毒學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7215#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Чӗлхесем хушшинчи каҫӑсем" class="wbc-editpage">Каҫӑсене тӳрлет</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ятсен уҫлӑхӗ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Ятарлӑ страницӑсен йышӗ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Ятарлă страницăсем</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&oldid=799763" title="Страницӑн ҫак версине кӑтартакан яланхи каҫӑ"><span>Яланхи вырăн</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=info" title="Ку страница ҫинчен тӗплӗнрех"><span>Страница ҫинчен</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&page=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&id=799763&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Ҫак эле мӗнле цитатӑласси"><span>Страницăна цитатăла</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8"><span>Кӗске URL адреса ил</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%2592%25D0%25B8%25D1%2580%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8"><span>QR-код уҫласа ил</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Пичет/экспорт </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8"><span>Кĕнеке тумалли</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF пек уҫласа ил</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&printable=yes" title="Ҫак страницӑн пичет версийӗ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Пичет версийĕ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ытти проектсенче </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Virology" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7215" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata элеменчӗ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Страницӑсен хатӗр-хӗтӗрӗ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Курӑнакан калӑплав"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Курӑнакан калӑплав</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">айккинчи панеле куҫарса ларт</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">пытар</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">«Википеди» ирĕклĕ энциклопединчи материал</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Вирусологи</b> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Микробиологи">микробиологи</a> уйрăмĕ; <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Вирус">вируссене</a>, вĕсен морфологине, физиологине, генетикине, çавăн пекех <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Эволюци">эволюцине</a> тата <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи">экологи</a> ыйтăвĕсене тĕпчет. Медицинăри тата ветеринарири вирусологи чăн малтанах этеме тата янаварсене витерсе сиенлекен вируссене пăхса тухать, вĕсем <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Инфекцилле чирсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">инфекцилле</a> тата <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Онкологилле чирсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">онкологилле</a> чирсенче мĕнле вырăн йышăннине тĕпчет, диагностика меслечĕсене, профилактикăна, терапие палăртать. </p><p>Вирусологи аталанăвне пула вирусла инфекцисемпе кĕрешес енĕпе çитĕнÿсем тунă. Вакцинăсем шутласа кăларнă. Анчах хальхи тапхăрта чĕртме май çук инфекцисем те пур-ха. Вĕсенчен чи палли — <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%98%D0%A7-%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8" title="ВИЧ-инфекци">ВИЧ-инфекци</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Вуламалли"><span id=".D0.92.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Вуламалли</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Вуламалли пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «Вуламалли»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>А.Н. Сизенцов, А.О. Плотников, Е.А. Дроздова, Е.С. Алешина, И.В. Грязева. Общая вирусология с основами таксономии вирусов позвоночных. — Оренбург, 2012. — 624 с.</li> <li>Белоусова Р. В., Преображенская Э. А., Третьякова И. В. Ветеринарная вирусология. — КолосС, 2007. — 448 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9785953204163" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-5-9532-0416-3</a></li> <li>Букринская А. Г. Вирусология. — М.: Медицина, 1986. — 336 с.</li> <li>Вирусология: В 3-х т. Т. 1: Пер. с англ. / Под ред. Б. Филдса, Д. Найпа, при участии Р. Ченока, Б. Ройзмана, Дж. Мелника, Р. Шоупа. — М.: Мир, 1989. — 492 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5030002839" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-03-000283-9</a></li> <li>Вирусология: В 3-х т. Т. 2: Пер. с англ. / Под ред. Б. Филдса, Д. Найпа, при участии Р. Ченока, Б. Ройзмана, Дж. Мелника, Р. Шоупа. — М.: Мир, 1989. — 496 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5030002847" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-03-000284-7</a></li> <li>Вирусология: В 3-х т. Т. 3: Пер. с англ. / Под ред. Б. Филдса, Д. Найпа, при участии Р. Ченока, Б. Ройзмана, Дж. Мелника, Р. Шоупа. — М.: Мир, 1989. — 452 с. — <a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5030002855" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 5-03-000285-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Каçăсем"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.C3.A7.C4.83.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.BC"></span>Каçăсем</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Каçăсем пая тӳрлет" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «Каçăсем»"><span>кодне тӳрлет</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject noprint wikidict-box"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D3%B2%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BA:Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" class="mw-file-description" title="«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ"><img alt="«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/75px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Wiktionary-logo-ru.png/100px-Wiktionary-logo-ru.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="135" /></a><figcaption>«Викисăмахсар» логотипĕ</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Викисăмахсар">«Викисăмахсарта»</a> статья пур <b><span class="wikidict-ref"><a href="https://cv.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="wikt:вирусология">«вирусология»</a></span></b></div> <ul><li>ICTV: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ictvonline.org/">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> <small>2017 ҫулхи Нарӑс уйӑхӗн 3-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203052212/http://www.ictvonline.org/">архивланӑ</a>.</small> – searchable virus taxonomy, updated versions in 2007 and 2008. Explanations of the virus species concept and viral taxonomy.</li> <li>David Sander: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virology.net/">All the Virology on the WWW</a> <small>2008 ҫулхи Авӑн уйӑхӗн 14-мӗшӗнче <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080914102821/http://www.virology.net/">архивланӑ</a>.</small> – collection of links, pictures, lecture notes. Many of the links on this site are broken and it does not appear to be being maintained.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225081412/http://media.med.sc.edu/microbiology2007/">Online lectures in virology</a> University of South Carolina</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microbes.info/">Microbes.info</a> is a microbiology information portal containing a vast collection of resources including articles, news, frequently asked questions, and links pertaining to the field of microbiology.</li></ul> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks hlist" style="margin:auto;;"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;width:100%;"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Шаблон:Биологи уйрăмĕсем"><span title="Шаблоне пăх" style="">п</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D3%B3%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шаблона сӳтсе явмалли:Биологи уйрăмĕсем (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)"><span title="Шаблоне сӳтсе явни" style="">с</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC&action=edit"><span title="Шаблоне тӳрлет" style=";">т</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Биологи">Биологи</a> уйрăмĕсем</span></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div class="NavContent"> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Анатоми">Анатоми</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биоакустика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Биоакустика</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биогеографи">Биогеографи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биоинформатика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Биоинформатика</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биологилле систематика">Биологилле систематика</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Океан биологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Океан биологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Аталану биологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Аталану биологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Этем биологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Этем биологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биофизика">Биофизика</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Биохими (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Биохими</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ботаника">Ботаника</a>  • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Вирусологи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пурнăç пулса кайни (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Пурнăç пулса кайни</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Генетика">Генетика</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Геномика (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Геномика</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гидробиологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Гидробиологи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Гистологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Гистологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Зоологи">Зоологи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Зоопсихологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Зоопсихологи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Космос биологийĕ (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Космос биологийĕ</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Криобиологи (хальлӗхе хатӗрлемен-ха)">Криобиологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Математикăлла биологи">Математикăлла биологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Микологи">Микологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Микробиологи">Микробиологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Молекулярлă биологи">Молекулярлă биологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Палеонтологи">Палеонтологи</a>  • <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Паразитологи">Паразитологи</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Патологи (хальлӗхе 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