CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Allgemeine SS - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c43359f1-e116-4399-8c55-b674898ce1ea","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Allgemeine_SS","wgTitle":"Allgemeine SS","wgCurRevisionId":1254195541,"wgRevisionId":1254195541,"wgArticleId":1135719,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from September 2019","Use British English from January 2017","Articles containing German-language text","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Pages with German IPA","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Allgemeine SS","1934 establishments in Germany","1945 disestablishments in Germany","Nazi Party paramilitary organizations","Organizations disestablished in 1945","Organizations established in 1934", "Paramilitary organisations based in Germany"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Allgemeine_SS","wgRelevantArticleId":1135719,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q291031","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="884"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="589"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/640px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="472"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Allgemeine SS - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Allgemeine_SS rootpage-Allgemeine_SS skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Allgemeine+SS" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Allgemeine+SS" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Allgemeine+SS" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Allgemeine+SS" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formation_and_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation_and_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Formation and service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation_and_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hierarchy_and_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hierarchy_and_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Hierarchy and structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hierarchy_and_structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Hierarchy and structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hierarchy_and_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Full_time_SS_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_time_SS_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Full time SS personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_time_SS_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SS_regional_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SS_regional_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>SS regional units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SS_regional_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Security forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concentration_camp_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concentration_camp_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Concentration camp personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concentration_camp_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other units</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_background_of_SS-Officers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_background_of_SS-Officers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Social background of SS-Officers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_background_of_SS-Officers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Total_manpower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Total_manpower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Total manpower</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Total_manpower-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Total manpower subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Total_manpower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Order_of_battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Order of battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Allgemeine SS</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A5%D8%B3_%D8%A5%D8%B3" title="ألجيماينه إس إس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألجيماينه إس إس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="Агульныя СС – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агульныя СС" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="Агульныя СС – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агульныя СС" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلگماینه اس‌اس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلگماینه اس‌اس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B0%98%EC%B9%9C%EC%9C%84%EB%8C%80" title="일반친위대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일반친위대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" title="Allgemeine-SS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allgemeine-SS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אלגמיינה אס אס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלגמיינה אס אס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendroji_SS" title="Bendroji SS – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bendroji SS" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" title="Allgemeine-SS – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Allgemeine-SS" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%A6%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="一般親衛隊 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="一般親衛隊" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="Общие СС – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Общие СС" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="Allgemeine SS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Allgemeine SS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" title="Allgemeine-SS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allgemeine-SS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA" title="อัลเกอไมเนอ เอ็สเอ็ส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อัลเกอไมเนอ เอ็สเอ็ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allgemeine-SS" title="Allgemeine-SS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Allgemeine-SS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%A1%D0%A1" title="Загальні СС – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Загальні СС" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E8%A6%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A" title="一般親衛隊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="一般親衛隊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q291031#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Allgemeine_SS" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine_SS"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Allgemeine_SS" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Allgemeine_SS" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&oldid=1254195541" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Allgemeine_SS&id=1254195541&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAllgemeine_SS"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAllgemeine_SS"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Allgemeine_SS&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q291031" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Main branch of the SS</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">General SS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Allgemeine SS</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/200px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The general SS was the administrative and non-combative part of the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449,_Quedlinburg,_Heinrichs-Feier,_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="585" /></a></span><br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsführer">Reichsführer</a></i></span> <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> leads an SS ceremony on the anniversary of the death of <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Fowler" title="Henry the Fowler">Heinrich I</a> at <a href="/wiki/Quedlinburg" title="Quedlinburg">Quedlinburg</a>, July 1938</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">September 1934</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceding agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Sturmabteilung</a></i></span></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">8 May 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">occupied Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SS-Hauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Hauptamt">SS-Hauptamt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niederkirchnerstra%C3%9Fe" title="Niederkirchnerstraße">Prinz-Albrecht-Straße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Allgemeine_SS&params=52_30_26_N_13_22_57_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°30′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°22′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.50722°N 13.38250°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.50722; 13.38250</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">100,000 c.1940</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Minister responsible</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;">Heinrich Himmler (1934–1945), <br /><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent agency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Schutzstaffel</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Child agencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/RSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RSHA">RSHA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Kriminalpolizei</a>)</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt">SS Economic and Administrative Departments</a> (WHVA)</li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Hauptamt_SS-Gericht" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauptamt SS-Gericht">SS Courts Office</a></li><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/RuSHA" class="mw-redirect" title="RuSHA">SS Office of Race and Settlement</a><br /><a href="/wiki/SS_Personalhauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Personalhauptamt">SS Personalhauptamt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">SS Education Office</a><br /><a href="/wiki/VOMI" class="mw-redirect" title="VOMI">Main Welfare Office for Ethnic Germans</a> (<a href="/wiki/RKFDV" class="mw-redirect" title="RKFDV">RKFDV</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Allgemeine SS</b></i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˌalɡəˈmaɪ̯nə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɛs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɛs]</a></span>; "General SS") was a major branch of the <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> (SS) <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>; it was managed by the <a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Office" title="SS Main Office">SS Main Office</a> (<i>SS-Hauptamt</i>). The <i>Allgemeine SS</i> was officially established in the autumn of 1934 to distinguish its members from the <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a></i> (SS Dispositional Troops or SS-VT), which later became the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-Totenkopfverbände</a></i> (SS Death's Head Units or SS-TV), which were in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camps" title="Nazi concentration camps">Nazi concentration camps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a>. SS formations committed many war crimes against civilians and allied servicemen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein200275–76,_276–280_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein200275–76,_276–280-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1939, foreign units of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> were raised in occupied countries. From 1940 they were consolidated into the Directorate of the <a href="/wiki/Germanic-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-SS">Germanic-SS</a> (<i>Leitstelle der germanischen SS</i>). When the war first began, the vast majority of SS members belonged to the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>, but this proportion changed during the later years of the war after the Waffen-SS opened up membership to ethnic Germans and non-Germans. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> in 1925 ordered <a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Julius Schreck</a> to organise the formation of a new bodyguard unit, the <i>Schutzkommando</i> ("Protection Command").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201026_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201026-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hitler wanted a small group of tough ex-soldiers like Schreck, who would be loyal to him. The unit included old <i><a href="/wiki/Sto%C3%9Ftrupp-Hitler" title="Stoßtrupp-Hitler">Stoßtrupp</a></i> members like <a href="/wiki/Emil_Maurice" title="Emil Maurice">Emil Maurice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Erhard Heiden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201016,_26_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201016,_26-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200910,_11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200910,_11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit made its first public appearance on 4 April 1925. That same year, the <i>Schutzkommando</i> was expanded to a national level. It was also successively renamed the <i>Sturmstaffel</i> ("Storm Squadron") and then finally the <i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> ("Protection Squadron"; SS) on 9 November 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201026,_27,_29_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201026,_27,_29-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SS was subordinated to the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">SA</a> and thus a subunit of the SA and the NSDAP. It was considered to be an elite organization by both party members and the general population. </p><p>The main task of the SS was the personal protection of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" title="Führer">Führer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a>, Adolf Hitler. In 1925 the SS had only 200 active members and in 1926, it ended the year with the same number.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201232_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201232-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 280 members in 1928 as the SS continued to struggle under the SA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201032,_33_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201032,_33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a> took over the SS in January 1929, he worked to separate the SS from the SA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 1929, the number of SS members had grown to 1,000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201249_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201249-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Himmler began to systematically develop and expand the SS with stricter requirements for members as well as a general purge of SS members who were identified as drunkards, criminals, or otherwise undesirable for service in the SS. Himmler's ultimate aim was to turn the SS into the most powerful organization in Germany and most influential branch of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47,_300–305_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47,_300–305-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1930 Himmler had persuaded Hitler to run the SS as a separate organisation, although it was officially still subordinate to the SA.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003228–229_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003228–229-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation_and_service">Formation and service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Formation and service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <i><a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Machtergreifung</a></i> (seizure of power) by the NSDAP in January 1933, the SS began to expand into a massive organization. By the end of 1932 it included over 52,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 1933 the SS increased to 204,000 members and Himmler ordered a temporary freeze on recruitment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 April 1934, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Göring</a> and Himmler agreed to put aside their differences, largely because of their mutual hatred of the SA. Göring transferred control of the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> to Himmler, who was also named chief of all German police forces outside <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>. Two days later Himmler named <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> the head of the Gestapo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200161_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200161-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SS was further cemented when both it and the Gestapo participated in the destruction of the SA leadership during the <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a> from 30 June to 2 July 1934. They either killed or arrested every major SA leader, above all <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198413–14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198413–14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Himmler was later named the chief of all German police in June 1936, <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Gestapo was incorporated with the <a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Kripo</a> (Criminal Police) into sub-branches of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">SiPo</a>. Heydrich was made head of the SiPo and continued as chief of the <a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SD</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012201,_469,_470_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012201,_469,_470-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 1934, Himmler received permission from Hitler to form a new organisation from the <i>SS Sonderkommandos</i> and the <i>Politischen Bereitschaften</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a></i> (SS-VT). This was a paramilitary force, which in war was to be subordinate to the <i><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a></i> ("Armed Forces"), but remained under Himmler's control in times of peace and under Hitler's personal control regardless. According to this restructure, the SS now housed three different subordinate commands: </p> <ol><li><i>Allgemeine SS</i>,</li> <li><i>SS-Verfügungstruppe</i> (SS-VT)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198423_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198423-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>SS-Wachverbände</i>, known as the SS-<i>Totenkopfverbände</i> (SS-TV) from 29 March 1936, forward<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchheim1968258_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchheim1968258-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>Himmler further conducted additional purges of the SS to exclude those deemed to be opportunists, <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcoholics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuals</a>, or of uncertain racial status. This "house cleaning" removed some 60,000 SS members by December 1935. By 1939, the SS had risen again and reached its peak with an estimated 240,000 members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnyder1994330_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnyder1994330-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in Europe, the SS had solidified into its final form. Correspondingly, the term "SS" could be applied to three separate organizations, mainly the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>, <i>SS-Totenkopfverbände</i> and the Waffen-SS, which until July 1940 was officially known as the SS-VT.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198423_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198423-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004156_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004156-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the war first began, the vast majority of SS members belonged to the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>, but this statistic changed during the later stages of the war when the Waffen-SS opened up membership for non-Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004212–213_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004212–213-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHöhne2001458_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHöhne2001458-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, with Himmler as Chief of the German Police, the SS also controlled the uniformed <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> (Order Police).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hierarchy_and_structure">Hierarchy and structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hierarchy and structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Allgemeine-SS</i> referred to the "General SS," meaning those units of the SS considered "main, regular, or standard." By 1938, the Allgemeine SS was administratively divided into several main sections: </p> <ul><li>Full-time officers and members of the main SS departments</li> <li>Part-time volunteer members of SS regional units</li> <li>SS security forces, e.g., the <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a></i> (SiPo – Gestapo & Kripo) and <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> (SD)</li> <li>Concentration Camp staffs of the <i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i></li> <li>Reserve, honorary or otherwise inactive SS members</li></ul> <p>After World War II began, the lines between the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> and the Waffen-SS became increasingly blurred, due largely to the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> headquarters offices having administrative and supply command over the Waffen-SS. By 1940, all of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> had been issued grey war-time uniforms. Himmler ordered that the all-black uniforms be turned in for use by others. They were sent east where they were used by auxiliary police units and west to be used by <a href="/wiki/Germanic-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-SS">Germanic-SS</a> units such as the ones in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_time_SS_personnel">Full time SS personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Full time SS personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately one third of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> were considered "full time" meaning that they received a <a href="/wiki/Salary" title="Salary">salary</a> as government employees, were employed full-time in an SS office, and performed SS duties as their primary occupation. The vast majority of such full-time SS personnel were assigned to the main SS offices that were considered part of the Allgemeine SS. By 1942, these main offices managed all activities of the SS and were divided as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger199713–21_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger199713–21-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStackelberg2007302_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStackelberg2007302-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Hauptamt Persönlicher Stab Reichsführer-SS</i> (Main Office <a href="/wiki/Personal_Staff_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS">Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS</a>; HaPerStab)</li> <li><i>SS-Hauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Office" title="SS Main Office">SS Main Office</a>; SS-HA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SS-F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Führungshauptamt">SS-Führungshauptamt</a></i> (SS Leadership Main Office; SS-FHA)</li> <li><i>Reichssicherheitshauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a>; RSHA)</li> <li><i>SS-Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungshauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Economic_and_Administrative_Office" title="SS Main Economic and Administrative Office">SS Main Economic and Administrative Office</a>; SS-WVHA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei Hauptamt</a></i> (Order Police Main Office)</li> <li><i>Hauptamt SS-Gericht</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Court_Main_Office" title="SS Court Main Office">SS Court Main Office</a>; HA SS-Gericht)</li> <li><i>SS-Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Race_and_Settlement_Main_Office" title="SS Race and Settlement Main Office">SS Race and Settlement Main Office</a>; RuSHA)</li> <li><i>SS Personalhauptamt|SS-Personalhauptamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">SS Personnel Main Office</a>; SS PHA)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle</a></i> (Coordination Center for Ethnic Germans; VoMi)</li> <li><i>SS-Schulungsamt</i> (<a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">SS Education Office</a>)</li> <li><i>Reichskommissar für die Festigung deutschen Volkstums; RKFDV</i> (<a href="/wiki/Reich_Commissioner_for_the_Consolidation_of_German_Nationhood" title="Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood">Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood</a>; RKF or RKFDV)</li></ul> <p>Main office commanders and staff were exempt from military conscription, although many, such as Heydrich, served as reservists in the regular German military. Main office members did join the Waffen-SS, where they could accept a lower rank and serve in active combat or be listed as inactive reservists. By 1944, with Germany's looming defeat, the draft exemption for the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> main offices was lifted and many junior members were ordered into combat with senior members assuming duties as Waffen-SS generals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SS_regional_units">SS regional units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SS regional units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The core of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> was part-time mustering formations spread throughout Germany. Members in these regional units would typically meet once a week in uniform, as well as participate in various Nazi Party functions. Activities including drill and ideological instruction, marching in parades, and providing security at various Nazi party rallies. </p><p>Regional SS units were organized into commands known as <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt">SS-Oberabschnitt</a></i> meaning "SS-Senior Sector" responsible for commanding a (region), which were subordinate to the SS-HA;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger199782,_83_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger199782,_83-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>SS-Abschnitt</i> (SS-Sector) was the next lower level of command, responsible for administering a (District);<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger1997117_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger1997117-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Standarten</i> (regiment), which were the basic units of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger1997169_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger1997169-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1934, SS personnel received no pay and their work was completely voluntary. After 1933, the <i>Oberabschnitt</i> commanders and their staff became regarded as "full time" but the rank and file of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> were still part-time only. Regular <i>Allgemeine SS</i> personnel were also not exempt from conscription and many were called up to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_forces">Security forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Security forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680,_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller,_Heydrich,_Nebe,_Huber2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg/300px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg/400px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R98680%2C_Besprechung_Himmler_mit_M%C3%BCller%2C_Heydrich%2C_Nebe%2C_Huber2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>1939 photograph; shown from left to right are <a href="/wiki/Franz_Josef_Huber" title="Franz Josef Huber">Franz Josef Huber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Nebe" title="Arthur Nebe">Arthur Nebe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_M%C3%BCller_(Gestapo)" title="Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)">Heinrich Müller</a>. According to the archival caption, these men are planning the investigation of the <a href="/wiki/Georg_Elser" title="Georg Elser">bomb assassination attempt</a> on <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> of 8 November 1939 in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1936, the state security police forces of the Gestapo and Kripo (Criminal Police) were consolidated. The combined forces were folded into the <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">Sicherheitspolizei</a></i> (SiPo) and placed under the central command of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>, already chief of the party <i><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">Sicherheitsdienst</a></i> (SD).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later from 27 September 1939 forward, the SD, Gestapo, and Kripo were folded into the <a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a> (RSHA) that was placed under Heydrich's control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011163_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011163-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a functioning state agency, the SiPo ceased to exist. The ordinary uniformed German police, known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Ordnungspolizei</a></i> (Orpo), were under SS control after 1936 but were never incorporated into the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>; although many police members were also dual SS members.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">death squad</a> units of the <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i> were formed under the direction of Heydrich and operated by the SS before and during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012425_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012425-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1939, they operated in territories occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German armed forces</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>. Men for the units were drawn from the SS, the SD, and the police.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010144_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010144-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally part of the SiPo, in late September 1939 the operational control of the <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> was taken over by the RSHA. When the killing units were re-formed prior to the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the Soviet Union</a> in 1941, the men of the <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> were drawn from the SD, Gestapo, Kripo, Orpo, civilian (SS auxiliary) and <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010185_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010185-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> units perpetrated atrocities in the occupied Soviet Union, including mass murder of Jews, communists, prisoners of war, and hostages, and played a key role in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009113,_122–131_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009113,_122–131-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concentration_camp_personnel">Concentration camp personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Concentration camp personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Concentration Camp staffs were originally part of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> under the office of the <a href="/wiki/Concentration_Camps_Inspectorate" title="Concentration Camps Inspectorate">Concentration Camps Inspectorate</a> (<i>Inspektion der Konzentrationslager</i> or IKL). First headed by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Eicke" title="Theodor Eicke">Theodor Eicke</a>, the Concentration Camp personnel were formed into the <i>SS-Wachverbände</i> in 1933, which later became known as the SS-<i><a href="/wiki/Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" class="mw-redirect" title="Totenkopfverbände">Totenkopfverbände</a></i> (SS-TV). Thereafter, the SS-TV branch increasingly became divided into the camp service proper and the military <i>Totenkopf</i> formation controlled by the SS-VT (forerunner of the Waffen-SS).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann2015196–198_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann2015196–198-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg/220px-May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg/330px-May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg/440px-May_1944_-_Jews_from_Carpathian_Ruthenia_arrive_at_Auschwitz-Birkenau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1687" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Jews from <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a> arriving at <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a>, 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>As the Nazi regime became more oppressive and World War II escalated, the concentration camp system grew in size, lethal operation, and scope as the economic ambitions of the SS intensified.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201026–27,_196–198_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201026–27,_196–198-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intensification of the killing operations took place in late 1941 when the SS began construction of stationary gassing facilities to replace the use of <i>Einsatzgruppen</i> for mass killings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011208_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011208-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010279–280_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010279–280-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Victims at these new <a href="/wiki/Extermination_camp" title="Extermination camp">extermination camps</a> were killed with the use of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> gas from automobile engines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Reinhard" title="Operation Reinhard">Operation Reinhard</a>, three death camps were built in occupied Poland: <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec extermination camp">Bełżec</a> (operational by March 1942), <a href="/wiki/Sobib%C3%B3r_extermination_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobibór extermination camp">Sobibór</a> (operational by May 1942), and <a href="/wiki/Treblinka" class="mw-redirect" title="Treblinka">Treblinka</a> (operational by July 1942).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283,_287,_290_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283,_287,_290-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Himmler's orders, by early 1942 the concentration camp at Auschwitz was greatly expanded to include the addition of <a href="/wiki/Gas_chambers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas chambers">gas chambers</a>, where victims were killed using the pesticide <a href="/wiki/Zyklon_B" title="Zyklon B">Zyklon B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008295,_299–300_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008295,_299–300-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201029_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201029-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1942, the entire camp service was placed under the authority of the Waffen-SS for a variety of administrative and logistical reasons. The ultimate command authority for the camp system during World War II was the <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt">SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt</a></i> (WHVA) under <a href="/wiki/Oswald_Pohl" title="Oswald Pohl">Oswald Pohl</a>. Beside the camp operations, the WHVA was the organization responsible for managing the finances, supply systems and business projects for the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale2012115_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2012115-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012559_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012559-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1944, with the concentration camps fully integrated with the Waffen-SS and under the control of the WVHA, a standard practice developed to rotate SS members in and out of the camps, based on manpower needs and also to give assignments to wounded Waffen-SS officers and soldiers who could no longer serve in front-line combat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitlinger1989265_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitlinger1989265-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rotation of personnel is the main argument that nearly the entire SS knew of the concentration camps, and what actions were committed within them, making the entire organization liable for <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crimes against humanity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984258–263_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984258–263-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_units">Other units</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By late 1940 the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> controlled the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_SS" title="Germanic SS">Germanic SS</a> (<i>Germanische SS</i>), which were <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaborationist</a> organizations modeled after the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> in several Western European countries. Their purpose was to enforce <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi racial doctrine">Nazi racial doctrine</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Anti-Semitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Semitic">anti-Semitic</a> ideals. They typically served as local security police augmenting German units of the Gestapo, SD, and other main departments of the Reich Main Security Office.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013105–106_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013105–106-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Allgemeine SS</i> also consisted of the <i>SS-Frauenkorps</i> (literally, "Women's Corps") which was an auxiliary reporting and clerical unit,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013108_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013108-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included the <i>SS-Helferinnenkorps</i> (Women Helper Corps), made up of female volunteers. Members were assigned as administrative staff and supply personnel, and served in command positions and as guards at women's concentration camps in places such as <a href="/wiki/Ravensbr%C3%BCck_concentration_camp" title="Ravensbrück concentration camp">Ravensbrück concentration camp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarz1997223–244_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1997223–244-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013108–109_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013108–109-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like their male equivalents in the SS, females participated in atrocities against Jews, Poles, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013109_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013109-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1942, Himmler set up the <i>Reichsschule für SS Helferinnen</i> (Reich school for SS helpers) in <a href="/wiki/Oberehnheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Oberehnheim">Oberehnheim</a> to train women in communications so that they could free up men for combat roles.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Himmler also intended to replace all female civilian employees in his service with <i>SS-Helferinnen</i> members, as they were selected and trained according to NSDAP ideology.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECentury2011_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECentury2011-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989223–224_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989223–224-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school was closed on 22 November 1944 due to the Allied advance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlenberg201127_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlenberg201127-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ranks">Ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Schutzstaffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranks and insignia of the Schutzstaffel">ranks</a> of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> and the Waffen-SS were based upon those of the SA and used the same titles. However, there was a distinctly separate hierarchical subdivisions of the larger Waffen-SS from its general-SS counterpart and an SS member could in fact hold two separate SS ranks. For instance, in 1940 <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Fegelein" title="Hermann Fegelein">Hermann Fegelein</a> held the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> rank of a <i><a href="/wiki/Standartenf%C3%BChrer" title="Standartenführer">Standartenführer</a></i> (full colonel), yet was only ranked an <i><a href="/wiki/Obersturmbannf%C3%BChrer" title="Obersturmbannführer">Obersturmbannführer</a></i> (lieutenant colonel) in the Waffen-SS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2006306_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2006306-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If this same SS member were an <a href="/wiki/Architectural_engineering" title="Architectural engineering">architectural engineer</a>, then the <i>SS-Hauptamt</i> would issue a third rank of <i><a href="/wiki/SS-Sonderf%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Sonderführer">SS-Sonderführer</a></i>. </p><p>SS members could also hold reserve commissions in the regular military as well as a <a href="/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the_Nazi_Party" title="Ranks and insignia of the Nazi Party">Nazi Party political rank</a>. Add to this that many senior SS members were also employees of the Reich government in capacities as ministers, deputies, etc. In 1944, nearly every SS general was granted equivalent Waffen-SS rank, without regard to previous military service. This was ordered so to give SS-generals authority over military units and POW camps and apparently to try to provide potential protection under the <a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_(1907)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague Conventions (1907)">Hague Convention</a> rules of warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the event of capture by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, SS-Generals thereby hoped they would be given status as military prisoners rather than captured police officials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_background_of_SS-Officers">Social background of SS-Officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Social background of SS-Officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;"><b>Social background of SS-Officers in 1938</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>Social background</b></i> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><i><b>SS-Branch</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="left" width="300"><a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">Social class</a> when entering the SS-Officer Corps </th> <th align="left" width="100">SS-Totenkopfverbände </th> <th align="left" width="100">SS-Verfügungstruppe </th> <th align="left" width="100">Allgemeine SS </th></tr> <tr> <td>Lower Class <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>26%</td> <td>22%</td> <td>27% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lower Middle Class <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>41%</td> <td>42%</td> <td>43% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Upper Middle Class <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>33%</td> <td>36%</td> <td>31% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unskilled workers, skilled workers, military junior enlisted.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Independent craftsmen, farmers, small businessmen, salaried employees, civil servants, military non-commissioned officers, nonacademic professionals</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Managers, higher civil servants, professionals, university students, entrepreneurs, military officers</span> </li> </ol></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Source:</td> <td colspan="3"><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Total_manpower">Total manpower</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Total manpower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1944, the stated membership estimate for the SS was 800,000. The Waffen-SS had approximately 600,000 of those members in their ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxv_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxv-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Waffen-SS had grown from three <a href="/wiki/Regiment" title="Regiment">regiments</a> to over 38 <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">divisions</a> during World War II, and served alongside the <i><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(Wehrmacht)" class="mw-redirect" title="German Army (Wehrmacht)">Heer</a></i> (regular army), but never formally a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200954,_56,_57,_66_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200954,_56,_57,_66-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison, by the end of the war the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> only had a little over 40,000 men still in its ranks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxi_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxi-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_battle">Order of battle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Order of battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mustering formations of part-time SS members, considered before 1938 to be the core of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>, were maintained in their own order of battle, beginning with regiment sized <i>Standarten</i> units and extending upwards to division strength <i>Oberabschnitte</i> commands. Within the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> <i>Standarten</i> there were in turn subordinate battalions of <i>Sturmbann</i> themselves divided into company <i>Sturme</i>. </p><p>For most rank and file members of the <i>Allgemeine SS</i>, the <i>Sturm</i> level was the highest which the ordinary SS member would typically associate with. The <i>Sturm</i> itself was further divided into platoon sized <i>Truppen</i> (sometimes known as <i>Zug</i>) which were in turn divided into squad sized <i>Scharen</i>. For larger <i>Allgemeine SS</i> commands, the <i>Scharen</i> would be further divided into <i>Rotte</i> which were the <i>Allgemeine SS</i> equivalent of a <a href="/wiki/Fire_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire team">fire team</a>. </p><p>Himmler had grand visions for the SS and authorized SS and Police Bases (<i>SS- und Polizeistützpunkte</i>) to be established in occupied Poland and occupied areas of the Soviet Union. They were to be "armed industrialized agricultural complexes". They would also maintain order in the areas they were established. They did not go beyond the planning stage.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Glossary of Nazi Germany">Glossary of Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nazi_Party_leaders_and_officials" title="List of Nazi Party leaders and officials">List of Nazi Party leaders and officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_SS_personnel" title="List of SS personnel">List of SS personnel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein200275–76,_276–280-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein200275–76,_276–280_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein2002">Stein 2002</a>, pp. 75–76, 276–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201026-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201026_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201016,_26-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201016,_26_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 16, 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200910,_11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200910,_11_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, pp. 10, 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201026,_27,_29-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201026,_27,_29_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 26, 27, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200916_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201232-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201232_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2012">Weale 2012</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201032,_33-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201032,_33_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 32, 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 45–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201249-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201249_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2012">Weale 2012</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47,_300–305-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale201045–47,_300–305_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2010">Weale 2010</a>, pp. 45–47, 300–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2003228–229-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2003228–229_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2003">Evans 2003</a>, pp. 228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200161-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200161_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2001">Williams 2001</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198413–14-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHildebrand198413–14_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHildebrand1984">Hildebrand 1984</a>, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams200177_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilliams2001">Williams 2001</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012201,_469,_470-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012201,_469,_470_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, pp. 201, 469, 470.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein198423-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198423_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein198423_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPadfield2001129_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPadfield2001">Padfield 2001</a>, p. 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuchheim1968258-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuchheim1968258_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuchheim1968">Buchheim 1968</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnyder1994330-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnyder1994330_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnyder1994">Snyder 1994</a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004156-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlaherty2004156_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlaherty2004">Flaherty 2004</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004212–213-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoehl2004212–213_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoehl2004">Koehl 2004</a>, pp. 212–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHöhne2001458-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHöhne2001458_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHöhne2001">Höhne 2001</a>, p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger199713–21-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger199713–21_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYerger1997">Yerger 1997</a>, pp. 13–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStackelberg2007302-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStackelberg2007302_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStackelberg2007">Stackelberg 2007</a>, p. 302.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger199782,_83-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger199782,_83_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYerger1997">Yerger 1997</a>, pp. 82, 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger1997117-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger1997117_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYerger1997">Yerger 1997</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYerger1997169-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYerger1997169_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYerger1997">Yerger 1997</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011163-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011163_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGerwarth2011">Gerwarth 2011</a>, p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012425-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012425_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010144-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010144_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2010">Longerich 2010</a>, p. 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010185-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010185_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2010">Longerich 2010</a>, p. 185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009113,_122–131-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2009113,_122–131_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, pp. 113, 122–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann2015196–198-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann2015196–198_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWachsmann2015">Wachsmann 2015</a>, pp. 196–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201026–27,_196–198-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201026–27,_196–198_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWachsmann2010">Wachsmann 2010</a>, pp. 26–27, 196–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011208-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerwarth2011208_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGerwarth2011">Gerwarth 2011</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2010279–280-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2010279–280_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2010">Longerich 2010</a>, pp. 279–280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283,_287,_290-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008283,_287,_290_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, p. 283, 287, 290.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans2008295,_299–300-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans2008295,_299–300_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans2008">Evans 2008</a>, pp. 295, 299–300.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201029-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWachsmann201029_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWachsmann2010">Wachsmann 2010</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeale2012115-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeale2012115_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeale2012">Weale 2012</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELongerich2012559-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELongerich2012559_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLongerich2012">Longerich 2012</a>, p. 559.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReitlinger1989265-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReitlinger1989265_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReitlinger1989">Reitlinger 1989</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984258–263-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984258–263_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, pp. 258–263.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013105–106-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab2013105–106_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2013">McNab 2013</a>, pp. 105–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013108-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013108_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLower2013">Lower 2013</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwarz1997223–244-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwarz1997223–244_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwarz1997">Schwarz 1997</a>, pp. 223–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013108–109-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013108–109_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLower2013">Lower 2013</a>, pp. 108–109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELower2013109-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELower2013109_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLower2013">Lower 2013</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Rempel, <i>Hitler's Children</i> (University of North Carolina Press: 1989) pp. 224-232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECentury2011-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECentury2011_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCentury2011">Century 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERempel1989223–224-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERempel1989223–224_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRempel1989">Rempel 1989</a>, pp. 223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMühlenberg201127-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMühlenberg201127_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMühlenberg2011">Mühlenberg 2011</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller2006306-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller2006306_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2006">Miller 2006</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/08-05-46.asp">"Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20 day 195"</a>. Avalon Project, Yale Law School<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nuremberg+Trial+Proceedings+Volume+20+day+195&rft.pub=Avalon+Project%2C+Yale+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2Fimt%2F08-05-46.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-337949">Ziegler, Herbert F. (1989). "Elite recruitment and National Socialism: the SS-Führerkorps, 1925-1939." <i>Politik und Milieu: Wahl- und Elitenforschung im historischen und interkulturellen Vergleich.</i> Sankt Katharinen, table 1.</a> 2020-01-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxv-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxv_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. xxv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcNab200954,_56,_57,_66-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcNab200954,_56,_57,_66_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNab2009">McNab 2009</a>, pp. 54, 56, 57, 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxi-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStein1984xxi_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStein1984">Stein 1984</a>, p. xxi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingrao, Charles W.; Szabo, Franz A. J. (2008). <i>The Germans and the East</i>. <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University_Press" title="Purdue University Press">Purdue University Press</a>, p. 288. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IHAcEB8jh1AC&pg=PA288">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchheim1968" class="citation book cs1">Buchheim, Hans (1968). "The SS – Instrument of Domination". In <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Krausnick" title="Helmut Krausnick">Krausnick, Helmut</a>; Buchheim, Hans; Broszat, Martin; Jacobsen, Hans-Adolf (eds.). <i>Anatomy of the SS State</i>. New York: Walker and Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00211-026-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00211-026-6"><bdi>978-0-00211-026-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+SS+%E2%80%93+Instrument+of+Domination&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+the+SS+State&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Walker+and+Company&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0-00211-026-6&rft.aulast=Buchheim&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentury2011" class="citation journal cs1">Century, Rachel (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1183">"Review of <i>Das SS-Helferinnenkorps: Ausbildung, Einsatz und Entnazifizierung der weiblichen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS 1942–1949</i>"</a>. <i>Reviews in History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Historical_Research" title="Institute of Historical Research">Institute of Historical Research</a>. Review no. 1183<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+in+History&rft.atitle=Review+of+Das+SS-Helferinnenkorps%3A+Ausbildung%2C+Einsatz+und+Entnazifizierung+der+weiblichen+Angeh%C3%B6rigen+der+Waffen-SS+1942%E2%80%931949&rft.pages=Review+no.+1183&rft.date=2011-01&rft.aulast=Century&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.ac.uk%2Freviews%2Freview%2F1183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Evans" title="Richard J. Evans">Evans, Richard J.</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/The_Coming_of_the_Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coming of the Third Reich"><i>The Coming of the Third Reich</i></a>. New York: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303469-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303469-8"><bdi>978-0-14-303469-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303469-8&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2008" class="citation book cs1">Evans, Richard J. (2008). <a href="/wiki/The_Third_Reich_at_War" class="mw-redirect" title="The Third Reich at War"><i>The Third Reich at War</i></a>. New York: Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311671-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311671-4"><bdi>978-0-14-311671-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+at+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311671-4&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2004" class="citation book cs1">Flaherty, T. H. (2004) [1988]. <i>The Third Reich: The SS</i>. Time-Life. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84447-073-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84447-073-3"><bdi>1-84447-073-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich%3A+The+SS&rft.pub=Time-Life&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84447-073-3&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=T.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerwarth2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gerwarth" title="Robert Gerwarth">Gerwarth, Robert</a> (2011). <i>Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich</i>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11575-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11575-8"><bdi>978-0-300-11575-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Hangman%3A+The+Life+of+Heydrich&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11575-8&rft.aulast=Gerwarth&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrand1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Hildebrand" title="Klaus Hildebrand">Hildebrand, Klaus</a> (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdreich0000hild"><i>The Third Reich</i></a></span>. London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-04-943033-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-04-943033-5"><bdi>0-04-943033-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-04-943033-5&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdreich0000hild&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hoehne, Heinz (1992) [1969]. <i>Der Orden unter dem Totenkopf</i>, Weltbild-Verlag. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-89350-549-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-89350-549-0">3-89350-549-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHöhne2001" class="citation book cs1">Höhne, Heinz (2001) [1969]. <i>The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS</i>. Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139012-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-139012-3"><bdi>978-0-14-139012-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Order+of+the+Death%27s+Head%3A+The+Story+of+Hitler%27s+SS&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-14-139012-3&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6hne&rft.aufirst=Heinz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kammer, Hilde and Bartsch, Elisabeth. <i>Jugendlexikon Nationalsozialismus. Begriffe aus der Zeit der Gewaltherrschaft 1933–1945</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-499-16288-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-499-16288-1">3-499-16288-1</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoehl2004" class="citation book cs1">Koehl, Robert (2004). <i>The SS: A History 1919–45</i>. Stroud: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2559-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-2559-7"><bdi>978-0-7524-2559-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+A+History+1919%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-2559-7&rft.aulast=Koehl&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Longerich" title="Peter Longerich">Longerich, Peter</a> (2010). <i>Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews</i>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280436-5"><bdi>978-0-19-280436-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Holocaust%3A+The+Nazi+Persecution+and+Murder+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280436-5&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLongerich2012" class="citation book cs1">Longerich, Peter (2012). <i>Heinrich Himmler: A Life</i>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-959232-6"><bdi>978-0-19-959232-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heinrich+Himmler%3A+A+Life&rft.place=Oxford%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-959232-6&rft.aulast=Longerich&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLower2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Lower" title="Wendy Lower">Lower, Wendy</a> (2013). <i>Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-547-86338-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-547-86338-2"><bdi>978-0-547-86338-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Furies%3A+German+Women+in+the+Nazi+Killing+Fields&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-547-86338-2&rft.aulast=Lower&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2009" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2009). <i>The SS: 1923–1945</i>. London: Amber Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906626-49-5"><bdi>978-1-906626-49-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+1923%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Amber+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-906626-49-5&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNab2013" class="citation book cs1">McNab, Chris (2013). <i>Hitler's Elite: The SS 1939–45</i>. Oxford and New York: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-088-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78200-088-4"><bdi>978-1-78200-088-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Elite%3A+The+SS+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78200-088-4&rft.aulast=McNab&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2006" class="citation book cs1">Miller, Michael (2006). <i>Leaders of the SS and German Police, Vol. 1</i>. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-297-0037-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-297-0037-2"><bdi>978-93-297-0037-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leaders+of+the+SS+and+German+Police%2C+Vol.+1&rft.place=San+Jose%2C+CA&rft.pub=R.+James+Bender&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-93-297-0037-2&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMühlenberg2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mühlenberg, Jutta (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023736/https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/3731/67/L-G-0000373167-0002317697.pdf"><i>Das SS-Helferinnenkorps: Ausbildung, Einsatz und Entnazifizierung der weiblichen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS, 1942–1949</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Hamburg: VerlagsgesmbH. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86854-500-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86854-500-5"><bdi>978-3-86854-500-5</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/3731/67/L-G-0000373167-0002317697.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+SS-Helferinnenkorps%3A+Ausbildung%2C+Einsatz+und+Entnazifizierung+der+weiblichen+Angeh%C3%B6rigen+der+Waffen-SS%2C+1942%E2%80%931949&rft.place=Hamburg&rft.pub=VerlagsgesmbH&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-86854-500-5&rft.aulast=M%C3%BChlenberg&rft.aufirst=Jutta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdownload.e-bookshelf.de%2Fdownload%2F0000%2F3731%2F67%2FL-G-0000373167-0002317697.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadfield2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Padfield" title="Peter Padfield">Padfield, Peter</a> (2001) [1990]. <i>Himmler: Reichsführer-SS</i>. London: Cassel & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35839-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35839-8"><bdi>0-304-35839-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himmler%3A+Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Cassel+%26+Co.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-304-35839-8&rft.aulast=Padfield&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitlinger1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Reitlinger" title="Gerald Reitlinger">Reitlinger, Gerald</a> (1989). <i>The SS: Alibi of a Nation, 1922–1945</i>. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80351-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80351-2"><bdi>978-0-306-80351-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+Alibi+of+a+Nation%2C+1922%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80351-2&rft.aulast=Reitlinger&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRempel1989" class="citation book cs1">Rempel, Gerhard (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hitlerschildren00gerh"><i>Hitler's Children: The Hitler Youth and the SS</i></a></span>. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4299-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8078-4299-7"><bdi>978-0-8078-4299-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Children%3A+The+Hitler+Youth+and+the+SS&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8078-4299-7&rft.aulast=Rempel&rft.aufirst=Gerhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhitlerschildren00gerh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarz1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schwarz, Gudrun (1997). "Frauen in der SS: Sippenverband und Frauenkorps". In Kristen Heinsohn; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Vogel" title="Barbara Vogel">Barbara Vogel</a>; Ulrike Weckel (eds.). <i>Zwischen Karriere und Verfolgung: Handlungsräume von Frauen im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland</i> (in German). Frankfurt and New York: Campus Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-593-35756-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-593-35756-9"><bdi>3-593-35756-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frauen+in+der+SS%3A+Sippenverband+und+Frauenkorps&rft.btitle=Zwischen+Karriere+und+Verfolgung%3A+Handlungsr%C3%A4ume+von+Frauen+im+nationalsozialistischen+Deutschland&rft.place=Frankfurt+and+New+York&rft.pub=Campus+Verlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-593-35756-9&rft.aulast=Schwarz&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeaton1971" class="citation book cs1">Seaton, Albert (1971). <i>The Russo-German War, 1941–45</i>. New York: Praeger Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-213-76478-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-213-76478-4"><bdi>978-0-213-76478-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russo-German+War%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-213-76478-4&rft.aulast=Seaton&rft.aufirst=Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Leo_Snyder" title="Louis Leo Snyder">Snyder, Louis</a> (1994) [1976]. <i>Encyclopedia of the Third Reich</i>. Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56924-917-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56924-917-8"><bdi>978-1-56924-917-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Third+Reich&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56924-917-8&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStackelberg2007" class="citation book cs1">Stackelberg, Roderick (2007). <i>The Routledge Companion to Nazi Germany</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30861-8"><bdi>978-0-415-30861-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Nazi+Germany&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30861-8&rft.aulast=Stackelberg&rft.aufirst=Roderick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1984" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George H. (1984). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/waffensshitlers00stei"><i>The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939–1945</i></a></span>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-9275-0"><bdi>0-8014-9275-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen+SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+NY&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8014-9275-0&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwaffensshitlers00stei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein2002" class="citation book cs1">Stein, George (2002) [1966]. <i>The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945</i>. Cerberus Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1841451008" title="Special:BookSources/978-1841451008"><bdi>978-1841451008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Waffen-SS%3A+Hitler%27s+Elite+Guard+at+War+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Cerberus+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1841451008&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachsmann2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Wachsmann" title="Nikolaus Wachsmann">Wachsmann, Nikolaus</a> (2010). "The Dynamics of Destruction". In <a href="/wiki/Jane_Caplan" title="Jane Caplan">Caplan, Jane</a>; Wachsmann, Nikolaus (eds.). <i>Concentration Camps in Nazi Germany: The New Histories</i>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42651-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-42651-0"><bdi>978-0-415-42651-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Dynamics+of+Destruction&rft.btitle=Concentration+Camps+in+Nazi+Germany%3A+The+New+Histories&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-42651-0&rft.aulast=Wachsmann&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachsmann2015" class="citation book cs1">Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015). <i>KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps</i>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-11825-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-11825-9"><bdi>978-0-374-11825-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KL%3A+A+History+of+the+Nazi+Concentration+Camps&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-374-11825-9&rft.aulast=Wachsmann&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeale2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Weale" title="Adrian Weale">Weale, Adrian</a> (2010). <i>The SS: A New History</i>. London: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4087-0304-5"><bdi>978-1-4087-0304-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+SS%3A+A+New+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4087-0304-5&rft.aulast=Weale&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeale2012" class="citation book cs1">Weale, Adrian (2012). <i>Army of Evil: A History of the SS</i>. New York: Caliber Printing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23791-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-451-23791-0"><bdi>978-0-451-23791-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Army+of+Evil%3A+A+History+of+the+SS&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Caliber+Printing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-451-23791-0&rft.aulast=Weale&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2001" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Max (2001). <i>Reinhard Heydrich: The Biography (Vol. 1)</i>. Church Stretton: Ulric. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9537577-5-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9537577-5-7"><bdi>0-9537577-5-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reinhard+Heydrich%3A+The+Biography+%28Vol.+1%29&rft.place=Church+Stretton&rft.pub=Ulric&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-9537577-5-7&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYerger1997" class="citation book cs1">Yerger, Mark C. (1997). <i>Allgemeine-SS: The Commands, Units, and Leaders of the General SS</i>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7643-0145-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7643-0145-4"><bdi>0-7643-0145-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allgemeine-SS%3A+The+Commands%2C+Units%2C+and+Leaders+of+the+General+SS&rft.place=Atglen%2C+PA&rft.pub=Schiffer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7643-0145-4&rft.aulast=Yerger&rft.aufirst=Mark+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllgemeine+SS" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><sup></sup></p><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Allgemeine-SS_regional_commands_of_Nazi_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d7d7d7;;background:#c3c3c3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Allgemeine-SS" title="Template:Allgemeine-SS"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Allgemeine-SS" title="Template talk:Allgemeine-SS"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Allgemeine-SS" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Allgemeine-SS"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Allgemeine-SS_regional_commands_of_Nazi_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine-SS_regional_commands" title="Allgemeine-SS regional commands">Allgemeine-SS regional commands</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Commanders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erich_von_dem_Bach" class="mw-redirect" title="Erich von dem Bach">Erich von dem Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hildebrandt" title="Richard Hildebrandt">Richard Hildebrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Jeckeln" title="Friedrich Jeckeln">Friedrich Jeckeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Querner" title="Rudolf Querner">Rudolf Querner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Albin_Rauter" title="Hanns Albin Rauter">Hanns Albin Rauter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Rediess" title="Wilhelm Rediess">Wilhelm Rediess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Scheel" title="Gustav Adolf Scheel">Gustav Adolf Scheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Schimana" title="Walter Schimana">Walter Schimana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Units_and_Commands_of_the_Schutzstaffel" class="mw-redirect" title="Units and Commands of the Schutzstaffel">Units (<i>Oberabschnitt</i>)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Alpenland" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Alpenland">Alpenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_B%C3%B6hmen-M%C3%A4hren" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Böhmen-Mähren">Böhmen-Mähren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Donau" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Donau">Donau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Elbe" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Elbe">Elbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Fulda-Werra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Fulda-Werra (page does not exist)">Fulda-Werra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Lothringen-Saarpfalz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Lothringen-Saarpfalz (page does not exist)">Lothringen-Saarpfalz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Main&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Main (page does not exist)">Main</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Mitte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Mitte (page does not exist)">Mitte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Nord (page does not exist)">Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Nordost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Nordost (page does not exist)">Nordost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Nordsee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Nordsee (page does not exist)">Nordsee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Nordwest" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Nordwest">Nordwest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Ost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Ost (page does not exist)">Ost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Ostland" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Ostland">Ostland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_Donau" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Donau">Österreich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Ostsee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Ostsee (page does not exist)">Ostsee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Rhein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Rhein (page does not exist)">Rhein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Rhein-Westmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Rhein-Westmark (page does not exist)">Rhein-Westmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Spree&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Spree (page does not exist)">Spree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_S%C3%BCd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Süd">Süd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberabschnitt_S%C3%BCdost" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Südost">Südost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_S%C3%BCdwest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Südwest (page does not exist)">Südwest</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Ukraina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Ukraina (page does not exist)">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Warthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Warthe (page does not exist)">Warthe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Weichsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Weichsel (page does not exist)">Weichsel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt West (page does not exist)">West</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS-Oberabschnitt_Westmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS-Oberabschnitt Westmark (page does not exist)">Westmark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/SS_and_Police_Leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="SS and Police Leaders">SS and Police Leaders</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schutzstaffel_(SS)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#d7d7d7;;background:#c3c3c3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:SS_organizations" title="Template:SS organizations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:SS_organizations" title="Template talk:SS organizations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SS_organizations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:SS organizations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schutzstaffel_(SS)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a></i> (SS)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allgemeine SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Totenkopfverb%C3%A4nde" title="SS-Totenkopfverbände">SS-Totenkopfverbände</a> (SS-TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.3em 2.2em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SS insignia"><img alt="SS insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Reichsführer-SS">Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_and_police_leader" title="SS and police leader">SS and police leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_and_commands_of_the_Schutzstaffel" title="Units and commands of the Schutzstaffel">SS commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeine-SS_regional_commands" title="Allgemeine-SS regional commands">Allgemeine-SS regional commands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schreck" title="Julius Schreck">Julius Schreck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Berchtold" title="Joseph Berchtold">Joseph Berchtold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Heiden" title="Erhard Heiden">Erhard Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hanke" title="Karl Hanke">Karl Hanke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Main departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Staff_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS">Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommandostab_Reichsf%C3%BChrer-SS" title="Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS">Command Staff Reichsführer-SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Office" title="SS Main Office">SS Main Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Medical_Corps" title="SS Medical Corps">SS Medical Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_F%C3%BChrungshauptamt" title="SS Führungshauptamt">Head Operational Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Security_Main_Office" title="Reich Security Main Office">Reich Security Main Office</a> (RSHA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Main_Economic_and_Administrative_Office" title="SS Main Economic and Administrative Office">Economics and Administration Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Race_and_Settlement_Main_Office" title="SS Race and Settlement Main Office">Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reich_Commissioner_for_the_Consolidation_of_German_Nationhood" title="Reich Commissioner for the Consolidation of German Nationhood">Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Court_Main_Office" title="SS Court Main Office">Courts Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Personnel_Main_Office" title="SS Personnel Main Office">Personnel Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Education_Office" title="SS Education Office">Education Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_SS" title="Ideology of the SS">Ideological institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahnenerbe" title="Ahnenerbe">Ahnenerbe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Schwarze_Korps" title="Das Schwarze Korps">Das Schwarze Korps</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-Junker_Schools" title="SS-Junker Schools">SS-Junker Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebensborn" title="Lebensborn">Lebensborn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Police and security services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordnungspolizei" title="Ordnungspolizei">Uniformed police (Orpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Schutzpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Schutzpolizei (Schupo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriminalpolizei_(Nazi_Germany)" title="Kriminalpolizei (Nazi Germany)">Criminal police (Kripo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Secret State Police (Gestapo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitspolizei" title="Sicherheitspolizei">State Security Police (SiPo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicherheitsdienst" title="Sicherheitsdienst">SS Security Service (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zollgrenzschutz" title="Zollgrenzschutz">Customs Border Guards (ZGS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">Führer protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Begleitkommando_des_F%C3%BChrers" title="SS-Begleitkommando des Führers">SS-Begleitkommando des Führers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichssicherheitsdienst" title="Reichssicherheitsdienst">Reichssicherheitsdienst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Waffen-SS_units" title="List of Waffen-SS units">Waffen-SS units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Belarusian Auxiliary Police">Byelorussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Auxiliary_Police_Battalions" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Estonian Auxiliary Police">Estonian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollkommando_Hamann" title="Rollkommando Hamann">Rollkommando Hamann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arajs_Kommando" title="Arajs Kommando">Arajs Kommando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbstschutz" title="Selbstschutz">Selbstschutz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutscher_Selbstschutz" title="Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz">Volksdeutscher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trawniki_men" title="Trawniki men">Trawnikis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_Police_battalions" title="Order Police battalions">Order Police battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions (Greece)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Waffen-SS_divisions" title="List of Waffen-SS divisions">Waffen-SS divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS-Verf%C3%BCgungstruppe" title="SS-Verfügungstruppe">SS-Verfügungstruppe</a> (SS-VT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_SS_Panzer_Division_Leibstandarte_SS_Adolf_Hitler" title="1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler">Leibstandarte (LSSAH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_SS_Panzer_Division_Das_Reich" title="2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich">SS Division Das Reich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_SS_Panzer_Division_Totenkopf" title="3rd SS Panzer Division Totenkopf">SS Division Totenkopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_SS_Polizei_Panzergrenadier_Division" title="4th SS Polizei Panzergrenadier Division">SS Polizei Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_SS_Panzer_Division_Wiking" title="5th SS Panzer Division Wiking">SS Division Wiking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;background:#c3c3c3;"><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Foreign SS units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_SS" title="Austrian SS">Austrian SS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-SS">Germanic-SS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandsche_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlandsche SS">Germaansche SS in Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algemeene-SS_Vlaanderen" class="mw-redirect" title="Algemeene-SS Vlaanderen">Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanske_SS_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanske SS Norge">Germanske SS Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schalburg_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schalburg Corps">Schalburg Corps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Free_Corps" title="British Free Corps">British Free Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaminski_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaminski Brigade">Kaminski Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Volunteer_Battalion_of_the_Waffen-SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS">Finnish Volunteer Battalion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d7d7d7;;width:1%">SS-controlled enterprises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Wirtschaftsbetriebe" title="Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe">Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Earth_and_Stone_Works" title="German Earth and Stone Works">German Earth and Stone Works</a> (DEST)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostindustrie" title="Ostindustrie">Ostindustrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Equipment_Works" title="German Equipment Works">German Equipment Works</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klinker-Zement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klinker-Zement (page does not exist)">Klinker-Zement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allach_(porcelain)" title="Allach (porcelain)">Allach porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollinaris_(water)" title="Apollinaris (water)">Apollinaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattoni">Mattoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetenquell" title="Sudetenquell">Sudetenquell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Loibl_GmbH" title="Anton Loibl GmbH">Anton Loibl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291031#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291031#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291031#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/265739939">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no96007247">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Allgemeine SS"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2008435671&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007587633405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&oldid=1254195541">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&oldid=1254195541</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Allgemeine_SS" title="Category:Allgemeine SS">Allgemeine SS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1934_establishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1934 establishments in Germany">1934 establishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1945_disestablishments_in_Germany" title="Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany">1945 disestablishments in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nazi_Party_paramilitary_organizations" title="Category:Nazi Party paramilitary organizations">Nazi Party paramilitary organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_disestablished_in_1945" title="Category:Organizations disestablished in 1945">Organizations disestablished in 1945</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1934" title="Category:Organizations established in 1934">Organizations established in 1934</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Paramilitary_organisations_based_in_Germany" title="Category:Paramilitary organisations based in Germany">Paramilitary organisations based in Germany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_September_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from September 2019">Use dmy dates from September 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_January_2017" title="Category:Use British English from January 2017">Use British English from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_German_IPA" title="Category:Pages with German IPA">Pages with German IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 October 2024, at 21:08<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allgemeine_SS&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f8fbb85c-njxjt","wgBackendResponseTime":159,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.020","walltime":"1.183","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7347,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":127612,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10724,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":132559,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1035.939 1 -total"," 23.24% 240.708 1 Template:Infobox_government_agency"," 22.63% 234.390 1 Template:Infobox"," 20.42% 211.506 64 Template:Sfn"," 14.64% 151.618 30 Template:Cite_book"," 14.24% 147.548 1 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 13.69% 141.867 6 Template:Lang"," 11.26% 116.643 1 Template:Reflist"," 8.89% 92.130 3 Template:Navbox"," 8.59% 89.013 1 Template:Cite_web"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.685","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26242113,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFBuchheim1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCentury2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlaherty2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerwarth2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHildebrand1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHöhne2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoehl2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongerich2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLongerich2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLower2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNab2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcNab2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMühlenberg2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPadfield2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReitlinger1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRempel1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwarz1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeaton1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnyder1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStackelberg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStein2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWachsmann2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWachsmann2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeale2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeale2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYerger1997\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Allgemeine-SS\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 30,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Allgemeine SS\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox government agency\"] = 1,\n [\"Italic title\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 6,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"SS organizations\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 64,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6855777b7b-84nwn","timestamp":"20241204120248","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Allgemeine SS","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allgemeine_SS","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q291031","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q291031","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-05T19:12:08Z","dateModified":"2024-10-29T21:08:18Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-H08449%2C_Quedlinburg%2C_Heinrichs-Feier%2C_Heinrich_Himmler.jpg","headline":"main branch of the SS"}</script> </body> </html>